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![Page 1: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
F. Ronald Denham, ChairWater & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group,
October 2012
Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs
![Page 2: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fewer than 30% of hand pumps still function after fiveyears (UNICEF study)
Many biosand filters no longer effective after six months (UNC study) Uganda National Development Plan states functionality of rural water
systems in western region is less than 50% A large number of Rotary water projects described as “rehabilitation”
implies failure of original investment
Background
Many humanitarian undertakings fail to deliver on their promise:
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“Of 2000 wells drilled in this country during the past five years, fewer than 1000 still operate.” (Director of Water, Government of Ghana)
Major water kiosk initiative in Abidjan a failure – none of the kiosks still function
Piped water systems destroyed by theft of valves, connectors, etc.
Background
sus.tain’abil’i.ty - nouncontinuity of service over a period of time; permanent beneficial change
Many other anecdotes imply millions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of hours wasted in non-sustainable WASH initiatives:
![Page 4: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Many possible causes of failure:No sense of “community ownership” Failure to build on, complement, local culture and values. Community cannot afford on-going costTechnology inappropriateConstruction quality compromisedOver-extraction, failure to re-charge water tableInadequate training , lack of trained peopleNo systematic monitoring of process, and feedback
Background
![Page 5: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Many of these causes stem from a limited vision of the project as an end in itself, not as an integral part of a broader, holistic program:
Provide a water well for community in El SalvadorProvide water tanks for 160 houses in BrazilProvide five boreholes to community in Burkina FasoProvide a pipeline for village in KenyaProvide reinforced concrete cistern
Background
![Page 6: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Envisage the typical Rotary WASH project
ActivityInputs
• International partner R.C. decides to do a WASH project
• Contacts Host club
• Request Matching Grant
• Agreement with local NGO/CBO
• Invite local community input
Output
Results
![Page 7: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
The focus is on the activity
• Dig well
• Supply filter
• Construct latrine
• Install RWH
• Drill borehole
• Build dams
ActivityInputsOutput
Results
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Hoping for these outputs or results:
• Safe, clean water
• Functioning latrine
• Saving the rainwater
• Local access to water
• Dam completed
• Sanitation facility
ActivityInputsOutput
Results
![Page 9: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
But the community is expecting much more, a program
having a significant impact on their life and livelihood:
Socioeconomic
goals - visionInputs Activity Outcomes Impacts
Project
Program
Output
Results
![Page 10: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
It implies a broader scope:
Project
• Community development• Financial management• Behaviour change• Training, skill development• Capacity building• Commercial channels• Local authorities• NGOs• etc.
Integrate with complementaryfunctions
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And an extended time horizon:
Project • Vision for community• Feedback• Mid-course correction• Adapt to change• Integrated learnings• Life cycle costing• Valid business case• Appropriate metrics • Community development
• Financial management• Behaviour change• Training, skill development• Capacity building• Commercial channels• Local authorities• NGOs• etc.
Extend time horizon
Integrate with complementaryfunctions
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To develop an integrated, holistic program having real impact on the people and their community:
Project • Vision for community• Feedback• Mid-course correction• Adapt to change• Integrated learnings• Life cycle costing• Valid business case• Appropriate metrics • Community development
• Financial management• Behaviour change• Training, skill development• Capacity building• Commercial channels• Local authorities• NGOs• etc.
Integrated Program!
Extend time horizon
Integrate with complementaryfunctions
![Page 13: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
A sustainable program implies a more rigorous start-up:
Activity OutcomesInputs
• The community• Baseline data• Collaborators/partners:
- Host & International RCs - TRF
- NGOs - Local authority - Outside funders
• Skills/know-how - Technology - Facilitation
• Regulations, policies• Environmental Issues• Gender issues
Output
ResultsImpacts
![Page 14: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
And much more emphasis on “software”:
Activity Outcomes ImpactsInputs
• Create teams• Build capacity• Needs assessment • Identify appropriate technologies• Life-cycle costing/affordability• Design/plan project• Build, construct, implement• Identify business opportunities• Design monitoring systems
Output
Results
![Page 15: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The outputs are the means to deliver sustainability
Activity Outcomes ImpactsInputs
• Functioning system• Appropriate tariff structure• Management structure & processes• Valid quality & performance measures• Adequate flow of funds • WASH people trained, empowered and
accept responsibility• Viable business enterprise
Output
Results
![Page 16: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The focus of the program should be tangible outcomes over time:
Activity Outcomes ImpactsInputs
• Community of people capable of making change for the better
• Women create economic value• Better attendance at schools
especially girls• Business and commercial activity• Better health, less disease • Feedback on performance• Advocacy for change
Output
Results
![Page 17: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The community should have the capacity to sustain growth and improvement in life and livelihood:
Activity Outcomes ImpactsInputs
• A basis for other programs (education, health, etc.)
• Reduction of poverty• Food security• Less conflict• Enhanced economic value
Output
Results
Entire community moves up the ladder of self-improvement and sustainability
![Page 18: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Programs are more than just “Big Projects” - there are fundamental differences:
Outcomes, community impact
5 – 10 years
Long-term commitment
Major international agencies,
Private sector investment
Professional, full-time, train and leverage volunteers
“Owns” the program
Empowered
Delegation to field to permit flexibility, responsiveness
Accountable for achieving outcomes
Programs
Focus
Management
Duration
Funding
CommunityInvolvement
Decision making & control
![Page 19: F. Ronald Denham, Chair Water & Sanitation Rotarian Action Group, October 2012 Searching for sustainable impact in Rotary WASH programs.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649e2b5503460f94b1a37d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
We will soon eradicate Polio.
The world sees Rotary as a leading humanitarian organization. “What’s next?”. Small projects will never sustain Rotary’s image. Significant, global programs in the Areas of Focus will build on that
image and strengthen the Rotary brand. “Think Programs” should become our new mantra.
Conclusions
Wasrag is here to support that mission