F-Research Design 2

8/8/2019 F-Research Design 2

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Research

DesignBy: Sonali Kshirsagar


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Research Design

The research design is the conceptualstructure within which the research is

conducted. It constitutes a blueprint for

collection, measurement and analysis of

data.


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The designing decisions

should be in respect of:1. What is the study about?

2. Why is the study being made?

3. Where will the study be carried out?

4. What type of data is required?5. Where can be the required data be found?

6. What period of time will the study include?

7. What will be the sample design?

8. What techniques of data collection will beused?

9. How will the data be analyzed?


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Research Design

One may split the overall research design into

following parts:

1. Sampling design.

2. Observational design.

3. Statistical design.

4. Operational design.


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Features of a research Design

1. It is plan that specifies the sources and

types of information relevant to the

research problem.

2. It is the strategy specifying which

approach will be used for gathering and

analyzing the data.

3. It includes the time and cost budgetsince most of the studies are done

under these two constraints.


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In brief the research design

must at least contain:

a) A clear statement of research problem.

b) Procedures and techniques used forgathering the data.

c) The population to be studied.

d) Methods to be used in processing and

analyzing data.


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Significance of research design

1) Smooth and efficient sailing (set boundariesand prevent blind search).

2) Yields maximum information (avoids collection

of irrelevant data).3) Reduces costs in terms of time, money and

efforts.

4) Maximizes reliability of results.

5) Avoids misleading conclusions and thoughtlessfutile exercise.

6) Helps organizing ones ideas.


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7) Gives chance to foresee flaws &

inadequacies (anticipates problem).

8) Like a successful journey.

Broadens your mind.

Gives fascinating & exiting experience.

Provide opportunities to meet people.

Gives fun and reward.


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Types of Research Design

1. Explorative research

2. Descriptive research & Diagnostic

research

3. Experimental research


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Explorative research

Explorative research is that which is

done for the first time, to go in depth splitting

the subject, penetrating in each aspect without

any specific end objective.

Research is explorative when, a too

little is known and when you use no earliermodel as a basis of your study.

Or


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Exploratory research

Features:1. A problem is formulated more precisely.

2. Go in depth and splitting the subject,

penetrating in each aspect.3. Major emphasis is on discovery of

ideas.

4. Study is flexible enough for considering

many aspect of a problem.


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Methods in explorative design

Generally this design involves 3methods to formulate a researchproblem and a hypothesis:

1. Survey of literature: Hypothesis statedby the earlier research workers. Studyof relevant books, journals and differentbulletins, etc may be reviewed.

Use: Helps to clarify concepts whichultimately helps to formulate theproblem and a hypothesis for it.


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2. The experience survey:

Consists of getting experience andinformation from people who have someexperience and knowledge about thesubjects which are concerned with research.

It is often considered desirable to send acopy of questions to be discussed, to therespondents well in advance. This will givean opportunity for doing some advance

thinking, so that the respondents cancontribute more effectively.

Use: Helps to clarify concepts which ultimatelyhelps to formulate the problem and ahypothesis for it.


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3. Analysis of insight

stimulation If the available literature does not serve

the purpose then the researcher, on thebasis of inner state of mind, tries to

formulate a problem and hypothesis forit.

In this the reactions of people fromvarious fields are taken.

Use: Helps to clarify concepts whichultimately helps to formulate the problemand a hypothesis for it.


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Descriptive research

Descriptive research design are those

studies which are concerned with

describing the characteristics of a

individual or a group.

Descriptive research describes the

current status or situation of people,

attitude and progress.


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Descriptive research

Features:

It aims to obtain complete and accurate

information.

It has no control over variables.

It can just describe the state of affairs

as it exists at present.

Mainly based on surveys.


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The Descriptive Research Design

follows the rigid procedure: Formulating the objective. (what is the

study about & why it is being made).

Designing the data collection methods.(what techniques of data collection will be

adopted).

Selecting the sample. (how much sample

will be required).

Collecting the data. (where can be the

required data found and what time period).


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Experimental research

Experimental research studies relies on

daily experiences or observations alone

often neglecting the theories or systems.

In this study the researcher provides

himself with a working hypothesis and

works accordingly to prove or disprove

his formulated hypothesis. This study is also known as Hypothesis

testing research studies.


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Features of a good design

A good research design is often characterized by

objectives like flexible, appropriate, efficient

and economical.

1. Design which gives a smallest experimentalerror is supposed to be best in many

investigations.

2. If the research study happens to an

exploratory, wherein the major emphasis is on

discovery of ideas, the research design most

appropriate must be flexible enough to permit

the consideration of many aspects of ahenomenon.


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Features of a good design

3. But when the purpose of study is

accurate description of a situation and

a research design which minimizes

bias and maximizes the reliability of theevidence collected is considered as a

good design.

F-Research Design 2

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