MONTHLY EWSMAGAZINE OF THE OFFICE OF THE CHIEF, ESEARCH A D DEVELOPME TVol. 12, No.4. July-Aug. 1971 • HQ DEPARTME T OF THE ARMY. Washington, D.C.

F atured in This s ue •••

de. ign d t pro­trnn f r of reo

* * •ongress expects us to act like

businessmen. They .vant a return fortheir investment and they want to seethe prosp ct of a return before theyinvest. All of thi ays that \ve willnot be able, politically, to endureco tly mistakes.

They expect u to be right the nrsttime-and every time. Sometime weratIonalize our mistakes by calling at­tention to failure in' illdustr...-liketIle Booz-Allen study hich says onlyone ne idea out of 58 pa: off, infer­ring the other 57 a1'e failures---{)r tothe conference board findings that 10perc nt of ew product ,re failure.'.

The e are erroneous compari ons.Industry failures generall~ stem frominadt>quate market research or over­I' timating potential sales. DefenseR&D fuilures generally stem fromover-estimating our abihty to pushtechnology, from inadequate costanalysi., or from an 'nadequate deter­mination of requirement,

Not only i' defen e R 'D done in auti hbowl." but many ..,f the pro ruminvolve large dollar expenditures.Thu COllgre s is extremely relu tantto permit u" to make mistakes.

For example, in the past 27 year.,the Army has cancelled 17 majorR&D projects at a co t of $580 mil­lion. The Navy dropped 29 at a co tof '2.3 billion, and the Air Force can.celled 25 project, upon ~'hich some$7.7 billion had been spent.

The attitude of the public in gen­eral ma~; be somewhat Ie s than en­thu ia,"tic, since their attitude" 'II betempered by (1) natural res',tance,except in rare periods of nationalen'i , to larg-e military expendIture,(2) what they I'ead in the press (un­fortunately, boo-boo eem to makethe best news. torie,) and (3) a lackof under tanding in depth of the in.herent problems of &D, the inherentrisks and frequent long lead time.

What do I e as the future climatein the Office of the Secretary ofDefen, e1 1 belie'c the best UIlS er tothi. i. to palaphrase some of Deputy

(Continued on page .1,8)

IMaj Ceo Sammet OuUines Executive Role in R&D IDeputy Gh 'e] of Research and Development

Jfaj Gell George ammet Jr. is scheduled to pre­sellt olle of the major oddl'eSS6 to the U,S. ArmyRe 'el've R&D ymposiu1lt at F1·ec!ericksburg. Va .•Aug. 26----whirh normally would be too late toinclude in this editio). Si1/ce the addre s )'.JClS

cleared by Department of Defense Secul'itJ/ 1?~­

view just as copy wa, being sent to the pri/lter.and since the message is important to the AI n !JR&D com mUllity at large in its cOl/lIseling a leIcMllenges to ezccutives, the complete text follows.

When Col Humph ey invited me totalk tonight, 1 readily accepted. 1enjoy getting out and talking withgroups uch as yours, for r find it isvery much a 2-way , treet. From you Ipick up ideas, attitudes and prevail­ing pullic climate' that do not alwaj'senter the Pentagon dOi)r~. Hopefully,you may find som of my commentsnew and intere ting.

So, tonight let me po, e to you a fewof my thought~ on the role of theexecutive in tomorrow's R&D. Then.if you care to when I'm through. I'llb Klad to answer any questions oreven debate with you for a few min­utes over the views I have expre. oed.

Let me begin by aying that sinceware going to be talking about thefuture, which covers ever~,thing fromtomorro on, let's take a look at theprobable climate within which tomor­row's R&D executive will have to op­erate.

First, what do J see as the futureattitudes of the Congre. s s they willimpact on tomorrow' In nager? I be­lieve that Congress will continue tolook at R&D with a very critical eye.

Times have changed drs tically ;R&D i no longer a sacred CO\v. Wewill be facing a continuing struggleto maintain adequate level" of R&D,a competition for the tax dollarg-rows.

, e even se the Congre s gettinglIlto he decision-making process,through the requirement that they befurnished reports on certain pecifiedelected projects--the so-called e­

I cted acqui ition r port (SARS).Through these reports. Congress

watche::; the progr '5 of major pro­gram and particularly note co toverruns and chedule slippages. 0

longer does Congre, s learn aboutproblems as a fait accompli. Con­gres 'men no . have a ingside seatand are pr 'pared to assi t in the de­mise of the tumbling performer.

Yesteryear, we were given a freehand to do re earch to gain knowl­edge; today, the word i relevancy orrelatability.

Vol. 12, No.4. July-Aug. 1971

Editor --------------Clarence T. Smithociate Editor George J. lakuta

Publiahed monthly by the Information SYS­tems Office or. the Chief of Research and Devel­opment. Department of the Army. WBBhington,D.C. 20310. in coordination 'iLh the Technicaland Industrial Liaison Team. OCRn. Gratefulacknowledgm nt' made for the v luable MSlBt.anee of Informatioll om""" within the U.S.Army Materiel Command. U.S. ContinentalArmy Command. Office of the Chief of Engi­nsera. and Office of 1'he Ulieon General. Uaeof funds for prjn tIni of this publication baa~ appro"ed by Headquarters. Department ofthe Army. May 1. 1970.

Purpoac: To Improve informaJ communicationamong all egmenta of the Army dentific com­tnunity nd oth r Government R&D agenci • tofur'ther und l1ltanding of Army R&D progr .prubl m li1'ea lind program planning; to st.mn­late mOl'e clo ely Integrated lind coordinated ef­fort amona Army R&D ctlviti ; to exv""""views of leaders. Il8 pertinent to their respon i­bilities. and to 1I p personllel inform<!d onmllttc aermane to their wellare and pride ofservice.

p.cture Cr<'Ilit.· Unless otherwise indica ed. 11l!Insttations ate by the U.S. Arm)'.

Sub""..,on 0/ Matena/: All articles submittedlor publication must be channeled thwugh thetechnical Iiluson or public illlormation officet atinstallation t command level

RlJ-l1 ed Article.' Primal)' r a/JonaiLility foropinion of by.lined authors tests "ith them,theIr views do not nee ariJy reflect Lhe offielalpohcy or position of th Department of theArmy.

DISTRIB TIO, • ba ed on r uir ments.ubltlitte on VA Form 12-1. rm) alren ) re­quirementa must be mailed to the U .• ArmyAG Publication enter. 2800 Eastern Buul...vard. Daltim'lr • Md. 21220.

Di t ibution On an individual name basis isr tricted to members of the U.S. Army AtomicEn rBY and R&D Officer Prorr.ams and to R&D

ob.lization 0 ignees. Otherwi e, distributiOnis made only to the Army installation. oftice ororannizational element 0 whICh tbe ''equ t I' i

ip;ned

Cll, GF OF ADDRESS for AE and R ·0Officer Pro"ram enrollees should be addr edto: I (.0 DistribUtion Di patch IIranch,Roum 18928. Pentarron. W inltton. D.C.2031 U. R&D JobJllzation D..irrnee hould COD­tad th ( G. •• tmy Resen e Compon ntsPer annel d In. tration Center. t. 0Mo. 3132.

OTHER GOVEHNMENT AGENCIES' tc~quitementa should be submItted ditc'Ctly to theInformation :Systems om OCRn. Department~f the Army, Washington. D.C. 20310. ATT ':l)ubli allOna llr u h. Te hnicBI Data Dh'i ion

ALL 0, -II, . GOVER' E,'T air neies.firms and organl"at on must obtain L' publi.('allon throujfh the ~uperjntende-nl of Docu ..menta. _. Govetnment Printinll: Ollice. a h­inllton. D,C. 20402. inlrl copi.. sdl for 20rent. ubsrription rates lI2 Issu annualhlare: Domestic. APO and FPO addresses. U.25;l' oreicn. 3.00.

Ri IY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME~ 'T NEWS ~IAG ZI'E JULY·AUG. 971

Information Systems Office Keys Restructuring to User Needs

Call for ASC Technical PapersSlates Oct. 18 for Summaries

in the library, computer and informa­tion sciences.

• Coordinating scientific and tech­nical conferences and symposia.

Briefings presented recently to top­ranking Army officials on the ISOand its Class II ARDISO current sta­tus, ongoing projects, program plan­mng, and the changes being effectedunder the divisional restructuring, re­flected that substantial progress isbeing made in performing these citedfunctions.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUC­TURE. The ARDISO is divided intofour divisions (Figure 1) to be moreresponsive in:

• Complyillig with guidance fromthe Office of the Secretary of theArmy requiring that the Army de-

(Continued from pa,ge 1)(AMC), and his deputy, Dr. GordonL. Bushey, alternate; Col Dale E.Wycoff, MSC, associate director forResearch Management, Walter ReedArmy Institute of Research, Office ofthe Surgeon General (OTSG), andWilliam R. Beisel, MD, as alternate.

Lt Col William T. King, ResearchTechnology Division, U.S. Army Re­search Office, OCRD, is serving asASC project officer and executive sec­retary of the Advisory Group.

Prestigious recognition will begiven to the best paper presented atthe 1972 conference in the form of theDr. Paul Allman Siple Medallion, ini­tiated in 1970 to memorialize the U.S.Army world-famed cold regions ex­plorer and scientific adviser.

Six members of a Picatinny Arse-

velop in-house capabilities for han­dling its management information.(For example, the computer supportfor management information is nowbeing provided by the U.S. ArmyManagement Systems SupportAgency, USAMSSA.)

• Effectively applying a more func­tional approach to the design, devel­opment, operation and maintenance ofthe Army Research and DevelopmentInformation System (ARDIS); also,more specifically, handling both scien­tific and technical information andmanagement information on a sepa­rate, distinct but interrelated basis.

• Facilitating the execution of sev­eral new functions earlier listed­providing more direct interface withthe Chief and the Deputy Chief ofR&D, including satisfying their man­agement· information requirements;and supporting remote data terminaloperations in the Office of the Chiefof Research and Development to im­prove information availability formore effective RDT&E management.

• Providing the CRD and DCRDwith management information andthe best possible scientific, technicaland management information servicefor all echelons of Army R&D.

• Providing better visibility formore effective management of dataservices response, system design anddevelopment, and operational aspects,information gathering, and planningand policy determination. (Separationof these functions was not achievablewith the earlier 2-division structure.)

• Exercising General Staff supervi­sion of the Departmel1lt of the Army

(Clmtinued on page *)

nal team of researchers each receiveda Siple _Memorial Medallion andshared a $1,000 honorarium. Thepaper, "Structure and Lattice Dy­namics of Metal Azides and Their Re­lationship to Stability," was coau­thored by Dr. Samuel F. Trevino, Dr.Henry J. Prask, Dr. Chang S. Choi,Dr. Zafar Iqbal, Dr. Krishnaro R.Rao and Richard D. Mica!.

Under provisioIIJS of the Army In­cel1ltive Awards Program, cash hono­rariums will again supplement Certi:fi­cates of Achievement that will be pre­sented for exceptionally meritoriouspapers selected from 100 presented atthe 1972 conference.

Authors of 9 technical papersshared $3,600 in 1970. Authors of 10additional papers were chosen formeritorious and special awards.

Wesley Ruth

AOP Contract Slaff

Fig. 1. ARDISO Organizational Structure

LTC Robert H. Alsheimer

(Continued frO'm pa,ge 1)

The ARDISO is collocated withother Army agencies in the HighlandBuilding, 304.5 Columbia Pike, Arling­ton, Va. 22204.

MISSION RESPONSIBILITY. TheISO chief, Col Robert E. Lazzell, withMorton H. Marks as deputy anddirector of the ARDISO, is assignedthe functions of:

• Operating and maintaiI1!ing theArmy Research and Development In­formation S stem (ARDIS).

• Advising the CRD on informationsystems and automatic data process­ing (ADP) applications.

• Serving as Army Director ofTechnical Information.

• Planning, decision modeling andsimulation in support of managementplanning and control functions.

• Designing and developing auto­mated systems for planning and pro­graming research, development, testand evaluation (RDT&E).

• Determining Department ofArmy and higher-level informationrequirements.

• Providi g information reportingguidance to RDT&E activities.

• Providi g liaison to the directorof Management Information Systems,Office of th Assistant Vice Chief ofStaff, Department of the Army.

• Providing liaison with DefenseDirector of Technical Information.

• Supervi ing operations of theARDISO.

• Publishing the U.S. Army Re­search and Develop'ment MonthlyNewsmagazine.

• Providing technical staff supervi­sion of supporting RDT&E projectsin chemical and engineering data, and

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 3

SUBORDINATECOMMANDS

INSTALLATIONSAND

LABORATORIES

MAJOR COMMANDS

FUNCTIONAL AREAS

operational priorities.)• An in-house laboratory status re­

port prepared annually for the Officeof the Secretary of Defense. (Estab­lished last fall, this reports the work­load at each Army laboratory andactivity engaged in R&D, in terms offunds and personnel strengths.)

• A contracts and grants report de­signed as an in-house tool to providethe current status of funding supportto colleges and universities.

• A trend report reflecting the sta­tus of R&D funds in the unobligated!unliquidated categories.

• A test and evaluation file reestab­lished recently, under contract, tomonitor selected milestones ill! the de­velopment of military systems.

• A special report reflecting sys­tems development times, prepared forthe Chief of R&D to compare develop­ment time for various categories ofArmy materiel.

ADP SUPPORT FOR MANAGE­MENT INFORMATION. The finan­cial management file, now operationalon a contractor basis, will be replacedby an improved random-access-ori­ented capability-being developed bythe U.S. Army Management SystemsSupport Agency (USAMSSA) to pro­vide information in a variety of out­put formats required by users.

AMIS - ARDIS Relationships

Fig. 2. AMIS-ARDIS Relationships

the feasibility of developing suitableRDT&E program models to permitdetermination of impact resultingfrom program policy decisions,changes in military requirements, andchanges in resources availability.

Outputs of the ARDIS currently in­clude information regarding OngoingWork versus Requirements, with acorrelation of activities and authori­zation documents. Lists of approvedrequirements for which no RDT&Ework is under way is another ARDISoutput product.

ARDIS also provides a report con­taining financial planning and execu­tion data designed to help assessfunding aspects of RDT&E projectsas follows:

• A project Hsting that supportsthe OCRD program and budget atpresentations to the Office of the Sec­retary of Defense and the Congress;it also furnishes funding guidance toR&D installations in the field.

• A "horseblanket." an over-allsummary chart derived from the proj­ect listing used as a working tool forthe annual sessions of the OCRD pro­gram and budget Review Board.(This includes priorities of the ArmyStrategic Objectives Plan and is soonexpected to incorporate AssistantChief of. Staff for Force Development

RESEARCH,DEVELOPMENT.TEST AND EVALUATION

AGENCIES

Information Systems Office Keys Restructuring to User NeedsHEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY(Continued from page 9)

scientific and technical informationprogram.

• Designing, developing, operatingand maintaining the Army Researchand Development Information System(ARDIS).

Established in mid-1969, the ISOand its supporting ARDISO arecharged with responsibility for man­agement iIIlformation, technical infor­mation and data programs within thejurisdiction of Lt Gen William C.Gribble Jr., Army Chief of R&D.

The four ARDISO divisions (Fig­ure 1) are Technical Data, headed byMartin H. Weik Jr., Management In­formation llIllder Lt Col James E.McMurrer, Systems Design and ADPwith Richard M. Whitaker as chief,and Input/Output and Processingheaded by David Nemore.

The Technical Data Division has aScientific and Technical Branch underLt Col Robert H. Alsheimer, a Publi­cations Branch headed by Clarence T.Smith, and an OCRD Technical Li­brary headed by Janet S. Brooks.

All of the responsibilities of thechief of ISO and director of ARDISOare viewed as being of paramount im­portance to the Army RDT&E pro­gram. However, the Army Researchand Development Information System(ARDIS) is of particular interest.

Designed specifically to satisfy thescientific, technical and managementinformation needs of Army RDT&Eprogram scientists, engineers andmanagers, ARDIS also serves infor­mation demands of higher echelons.

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION.The Army Management InformationSystem master plan envisions thatguidance for data systems in all func­tional areas will be developed at HQDepartment of the Army, by the re­sponsible staff agency, and responsivesummary information will flow backto HQ DA. These systems will be in­tegrated at HQ DA level by a Steer­ing Group representing all relatedstaff sections and chaired by thedirector, Management InformationSystems, Office of the Assistant ViceChief of Staff, Army (Figure 2).

Summary information is providedto the Chief of R&D in various outputmedia. Styles vary from concise pres­entations of selected information torather voluminous lists and aggrega­tions. To assist in program decision­making, various trend data indicatethe direction of RDT&E over ex­tended periods of time. Excepti07lJdata focus attention on conditions orevents that exceed predefined limits.

Consideration is also being given to

4 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE JULY·AUG. 1971

tion on the nature and scope of workunder way and planned in all areas ofR&D throughout the Army. Effectivethis fall, the file will become the solesupport responsibility of the DefenseDocumentation Center. Most federalagencies operate a file of this type.

The technical information resourcesfile is an inventory of S&TI activitiesrequired by the Director of DefenseResearch and Engineering. It also isused by the chief of ISO, in his capac­ity as the Army Director of TechnicalInformation, to coordinate effectivelythe scientific and technical informa­tion activities throughout the Army.

Other uses for this file include re­sponse to queries from the Office ofthe Secretary of Defense, the Na­tional Science Foundation, and theOffice of Science and Technology, Ex­ecutive Office of the President.

An information for industry file isbeing developed to match require­ments of Army in-house laboratoriesand activities to proposals submittedby industry; also, to keep record ofcapabilities of various industries andlaboratories. The Army MaterielCommand is doing developmentalwork on this file, in line with its re­sponsibility for providing QualitativeRequirements Information (QRI) toindustry.

Additional files planned for devel­opment include a selective dissemina­tion file, to distribute S&TI reports toscientists and engineers properly inneed of the information, and the tech­nical conference file, to provide foreffective coordination of scientific andtechnical conferences.

SUMMARY. In summary, ARDISserves as the Chief of R&D's scien­tific, technical and management infor­mation system. The system is run bythe OCRD Information Systems Officein the Pentagon, supported by theU.S. Army R&D Information SystemsOffice. Organizations that provide sci­entific, technical and management in~

formation policy and ADP support tothe ARDISO are shown at Figure 3.

Operations Research MeetingSets Dec. 1 Abstracts Deadline

Abstrattl of papers proposed for presenta­tion at the 11th annusl .S. Army OperationsResearch Sympo ium. scheduled May 16-18.should be submitted to the U.S. Army Re.earehOlliee by Dec. 1.

In announdng that attendance will be byinvitation and that partieipation is limited toU.S. Army organizations and their contradors,the U.S. Army Researeh Offiee-Durham. N.C.,said papers must be on operations re$earchor system. analysis.

Dr. George E. Nieholson Jr. of Duke Univer­sity is the prog-ram coordinator for the 8ym..posium. Further information may be obtainedby eallm. or writing the Executive Ollicer,Army Resesreh Office. Durham. N.C. 27706.Tel.: 919 286·2285 or Autovon 935-3331.

U. S, Army ,..n"lemenl 5ysf"",SlJIlllOrt Aq!rcy lADP SlJIlllOrttor MaOl9ement Inform.tlon)

Science Foundation. It lists obliga­tions for activities for the previous,current and budget year-the 3-yearbreakout displayed in the President'sBudget Message to Congress.

• Scheduled technical conferencesand symposia, a series of reports tothe Director of Defense Research andEngineering covering support of tech­nical conferences and symposia.

• Inventory of scientific and techni­cal information activities, used to in­sure identification and utilization ofexisting S&TI activities; also, to exer­cise control over initiation, changesand termination of these informationactivities.

• Army vocabulary of technical de­scriptors, a thesaurus containing theArmy's basic research and explora­tory development terminology for usein the DoD Research and TechnologyWork Unit Summary reporting sys­tem. This is used in conjunction withthe DoD Thesaurus of Engineeringand Scientific Terms to facilitate com­munication among scientists and engi­neers.

• A Metals Book, produced an­nually for a tripartite meeting of theTechllJical Cooperation Program Panelon metals, defining research and de­velopment results, work under way,and work planned in the area ofmetals.

• A Materials Book, produced forthe U.S. Army Materials and Me­chanics Research Center, Watertown,Mass., for use at tri-Service meetingsdevoted to coordinating R&D work inthe area of materials other thanmetals.

The research and technology file(DD Form 1498) provides informa-

OCRO InformatiooSyst"". Office

Office. ChleldR....rth & Oovelopm.nl

Rtsearcn. OMlapment,. lest &E...I",11on A!l"rcles

U. S. Anny R&D InformationSysl!ms Office <Minigemenl,.

SCJ!nlilk: &Tl!Chnlcal Informatlonl

Fig. 3. Support Organizations

II

Defmse D«umtnlaUon CenterlADP SlJIlllOrt lor SClenUIiI:an(llethnallnlomltion,

Otflte, Secreta"'J 01 Delense

USAMSSA also is automating theR&D Planning Summary file, consist­ing of data extracted from DD Forms1634-required by the Office of theSecretary of Defense for aU projectsand tasks in the R&D program-andthe Army's Form 3664, which pro­vides additional Army unique mile­stone and planning data.

Maximum effort iQ the consolida­tion of the AMIS data bank underUSAMSSA computer capabilities willbe directed toward avoiding data re­dundancy currently inherent in thevarious separate files operations.

Should additional R&D manage­ment information be required,. as forexample in regard to manpower, thepolicy ,vill b to extract the informa­tion from existing Deputy Chief ofStaff for Personnel (DCSPER) andAssistant Chief of Staff for Force De­velopment (ACSFOR) system files, Orother files, whenever possible.

Required R&D financial informa­tion is available to HQ DA level R&Dmanagement much more rapidly thanheretofore. Financial data input alsohas been refi ned in recent months toproduce reports of increased utility tothe OCRD Review Board.

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICALINFORMATION. The processing ofscientific and technical information( &TI) by ARDIS is being trans­ferred this fall from a contractor op­eration to the Defense DocumentationCenter at Cameron Station, Va. Cur­rently, some S&TI is being processedmanually. Where appropriate, auto­mation is eing considered. S&TIprocessed by the ARDIS includes:

• Federal funds for S&TI activi­ties, an annual report to the National

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE 5

Harry Diamond Laboratories (Artist's Rendition)

tory areas. Total iioor space willexceed 500,000 square feet.

About 140,000 square feet will beprovided in Phase I constructionscheduled for completion by July 1,1973. The 3-story No. 1 building forgeneral purpose laboratories in PhaseI will accommodate labs designated as400, 500 and 600, along with technicalsupport organizatiolliS.

Phase II will provide the adminis­tration building, consisting of offices,library, cafeteria, auditorium and va­rious other facilities in 115,000 squarefeet of space to be available by July1, 1974.

Phase III construction will addabout 259,000 square feet of floorspace, including general-purpose labo­ratory building No.2. This will houselabs 100, 200, 300, 900 and divisions700 and 800. Other facilities will in­clude a research and engineeringbuilding laboratory and a technicallogistics and supply center.

Nearly 10 years of intensive plan­ning, negotiating for space in inter-a­gency actions, and obtaining Congres­sional approval of funding proposalscame to a gratifying climax atground-breaking ceremonies.

The site is in a wooded area withdeep ravines and topography that willpermit profitable use of only about 70percent of the 147 acres. A bufferzone of trees, 185 to 230 feet wide,'vill provide screening from thenearby residential area.

Ground-breaking guest speaker As­sistant Secretary of the Army (R&D)Johnson was introduced by AMC Dep­uty for Laboratories Dr. DiIlaway,who paid tribute to Army Chief Sci­entist Dr. Marvin E. Lasser for hisrole in negotiating a suitable site. Sec-

Phase I work on HDL's futurehome is being done by the Blake Con­struction Co., Washington, D.C., for$9,988 million. Phase II and IIIplans await appropriations action byCongress. Total estimated cost of the3-year project is about $42 million,with Phase II at $9.035 million.

Plans drawn by Ellerbe Architects,Washington, D.C., provide for an H­type complex of facilities and inter­connecting passageways designed foradequate security of classified labora-

DIGNITARIES who participated in HDL ground-breaking ceremonies include:Front row (I. to r.) Col David W. Einsel Jr., CO of HDL; Brig Gen George :1\'1.Snead Jr., Director of Army Research; Maj Gen Charle T. Horner, Armyl\lateriel Command Chief of Staff who represent d General Henry A l\liley Jr.,CG of the AMC; Assistant Secretary of the Army (R&D) Robert L. John on;AMC Deputy for Laboratories Dr. Robert B. Dillaway; Mai Gen V. H. Ellis,Deputy for Procurement, Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army (I&L);Billy M. Horton, HDL technical director. Second row: Capt Robert Ennis, Com­mander, Naval Ordnance Laboratory; Dr. Craig M. Crenshaw, AMC ChiefScientist; Dr. K. C. Emerson, A i tant for Re earch, OASA (R&D); ClydeHardin, Assistant for Southeast Asia Matters, OASA (R&D); Allen -I. Carton,representing Mai Gen Elmer P. Yat s, Director of Installation, Office of theDeputy Chief of Staff for Logi tics, HQ DA; and Chaplain (Col) F. O. Hunt Jr.

Leaders Break Ground for Harry Diamond Laboratories Complex(Continued from page 1)

ratories Dr. Robert B. Dillawayheaded the array of R&D leaders atground-breaking ceremonies.

Located on a 137-acre site adjoiningthe Naval Ordnance Laboratory atWhite Oak, Md., the future home ofthe Harry Diamond Laboratories willbe occupied as each phase of the con­struction program is completed, be­ginning in 1973 and ending in 1975.

The complex of buildings will houseabout 1,350 scientists, engineers andsupporting personnel engaged in re­search, development and engineeringon, electrical fuzes, ordnance electron­ics, ordnance specialties and numer­ous critical materiel components.

Known worldwide for pioneeringdevelopment of the radio proximityfuze, one of the major ammunitionbreakthroughs of World War II, theHarry Diamond Laboratories are des­ignated among the five central labora­tories of the U.S. Army MaterielCommand. The AMC also has as­signed to HDL lead laboratory re­sponsibility in both fluidics applica­tions and in nuclear weapons effects.

HDL bad its origin in the OrdnanceDevelopment Division of the NationalBureau of Standards. About 150 NBSscientists and engineers provided thestaffing nucleus of the HDL when itwas established on the old grounds ofthe NBS on Connecticut Avenue atVan Ness Street, N.W., Washington.

6 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE JULY·AUG. 1971

------------- - ----=-=- - -

Army Sets 17th Conference on Design of Experiments.

retary Johnson acknowledged the con­tributions of his predecessors, Dr.Finn J. Larsen, Willis Hawkins andDr. Russell S. O'Neal, to this effort.

Appreciation also was expressed bySecretary Johnson to the U.S. Navyfor assistance in providing a site thatwill locate the HDL, as one of theArmy's most successful R&D organi­zations, in proximity t() the NavalOrdnance Laboratory.

Envisioned in this relationship iscooperative and integrated R&D effortin line with the Department of De­fense continuing goal of minimizinginter-Service overlapping researchand development activities.

Secretary Johnson cited the longrecord of HDL in R&D achievementsthat have had a profound impactupon the national defense capabilities,with spin-off benefits that have con­tributed richly to the nation's civilianrequirements. This record coupledwith HDL's continual growth in R&Dcapabilities, he said, fully justifies theexpense ()f providing adequate newfacilities.

Applications of statistical designand analysis to medical research areprogramed for emphasis in technicalpapers presented at the U.S. Army17th annual Design of ExperimentsConference, Oct. 27-29, at WalterReed Army Institute of Research.WRAIR is pllrt of Walter Reed ArmyMedical Center in Washington, D.C.

More than 100 of the nation's rank­ing matbematicians, representative ofthe Department of Defense, industry,academic and nonprofit as well asArmy agencies, are scheduled to ex­change information on problem areas.

Sponsored by the U.S. Army Math­ematics Steering Committee on behaliof the Chief f Research and Develop­ment, Lt Gen William C. Gribble Jr.,the conference is arranged throughthe Army Research Office, Durham,N.C. Col Hinton J. Baker and Dr.Douglas ,Tang are the WRAIR spon­sors.

Prof. Bernard G. Greenberg, chair­man of the Department of Biostatis­tics at the University of Carolina, hasaccepted an invitation to give one ofthe featured presentations on "Ran­dQmized Response: A New SurveyTool to Collect Data of a PersonalNature."

Other invited speakers are Prof.Marvin Zelen of the State Universityof New York at Buffalo, Dr. John J.Gart of the National Institutes ofHealth in Washington, Dr. Ge()ffrey

Maj Gen Charles T. Horner, speak­ing on behalf of AMC CommanderGeneral Miley at the luncheon follow­ing the ceremonies, reemphasized theimportance of the R&D contributionsof the Harry Diamond Laboratories.

In meeting numerous requirementsrelated to materiel for Southeast AsiaoperatioJlJ8, in advancing technology influidics, and in responding successfullyto numerous military requirements,General Horner said, HDL scientistsand engineers have continuingly dem­onstrated that they are accepting thechallenge of the future.

Other Army Materiel Commandlaboratories, he added, also are gear­ing their planning to the need of in­creasing the productivity of R&D pro­grams with minimum resources, re­sulting from defense economies. ArmyR&D capabilities must be maintained,he concluded, to achieve the technol­ogical advances essential to futurenational security.

HDL Commander Col D. W. EinselJr. welcomed participants in the

H. Ball of the Stanford Research In­stitute, and Prof. K. S. Banerjee,University of Delaware.

Dr. Zelen's topic is "The Role ofMathematical Sciences in BiomedicalResearch, Dr. GaTt will present "TheComparison of Proportions: A Reviewof Significance Tests, Confidence In­tervals and Adjustments for Stratifi­cation," and Dr. Ball is listed for"Classification and Clustering Tech­niques in Data Analysis." Prof. Ba­nerjee will report findings on "Hotell­ing's Weighing Designs."

Technical and clinical sessions willprovide an opportunity for questionsand answers, with noted consultantsserving as panelists. Dr. Frank E.Grubbs, U.S. Army Aberdeen (Md.)Research and Development Center,will be the presiding chairman. He isalso head of the program committee.

Assisting him on the committee areDr. Francis R. Dressel, ARO-D; Dr.Clifford J. Maloney and Dr. DavidAlling, National Institutes of Health;Dr. Walter D. Foster, Fort Detrick,Md.; Dr. Bernard Harris, Mathemat­ics Research Center, University ofWisconsin; Dr. Boyd Harshbarger,Virginia. Polytechnic Institute; Dr.Herbert Solomon, Stanford ResearchInstitute; Dr. Fred Frishman, ArmyResearch Office, Washington; Dr.Bernard Greenberg, UNCi Dr. AllynKimball, Johns Hopkins University;Dr. Douglas Tang, and Col Hinton J.Baker, WRAIR.

ground-breaking ceremonies anddiscussed briefly HDL's historicalbackground and current capabilities.

HDL Technical Director Billy M.Horton introduced past commandersand his predecessor, William S. Hin­man Jr., who served from 1953 untilhe departed in 1962 to become DeputyAssistant Secretary of the Army(R&D).

Ceremonies were concluded with avisit to the Aurora Gamma Simula­tion Facility now nearing completionof construction. HDL will operate thisfacility, largest and most modern ofits kind in the world, for the U.S.Nuclear Defense Agency, known asthe U.S. Defense Atomic Supportuntil July 1, 1971.

Importance of the Harry DiamondLaboratories among the U.S. Army'sin-house laboratories might be at­tested by listing, at considerablelength, their notable achievementsduring the past 18 years, along withthe ongoing activities (many elimi­nated by their high security classifi­cation), and areas of specialized capa­bility.

Statistical data serve to pinpoint~oncisely HDL's significance: FY1971 budget, $46 million; conductsabout 200 technical projects annually,including some for the Navy and theAir Force j issues about 95 technicalreports and publishes, on the average,about 70 papers in professional jour­nals; personnel awarded 40 to 50 pat­ents annually.

Earth Sciences Lab RelocatesFrom Natick to Fort Belvoir

The Earth Sciences Laboratory(ESL), formerly assigned to the U.S.Army Materiel Command (AMC) andlocated at Natick, Mass., will relocateSept. 1 with the U.S. Army EngineerTopographic Laboratories (ETL),Fort Belvoir, Va.

The ESL will continue to supportAMC projects and remain under thedirection of Dr. Lester W. Trueblood.

ESL was officially transferred tothe Corps of Engineers last May butthe physical move is just now beingcompleted. The U.S. Army Topo­graphic Command of the Corps ofEngineers is the parent organizationof ETL.

The stated mission of ESL is toperform research and development inthe fields of environmental and geo­graphic sciences. To carry out thismission, it is authorized 3 militaryand 31 civilian employes whose skillsare in the fields of geography, geol­ogy, meteorology, climatology, geo­morphology and cartography.

JULY-AUG. 1971 AR IY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE '1

DoD FOOD R&D PROGR t special assistant and joint technical staff membersare Dr. Edward E. Anderson, bj Jaime Sabater (Marine Corps), Lt Col Robert

B. Michl (Army), at NLABS meeting.

of the military services, establishescoordination, and serves in the man­agement and performance of the ap­proved program.

Nutrition activities set up in theprogram are performed through thesurgeon generals of the services work­ing with the U.S. Army Medical R&DCommand and the U.S. Army MedicalResearch and Nutrition Laboratory,as specified by the Army SurgeonGeneral in his capacity as executiveagent for nutrition.

The project on Systems Studies inMilitary Feeding will emphasize inFY 1972 the application of operationsresearch/systems analysis methods.The goal is to define the scope of th"DoD feeding system, identify its com­ponents, and pinpoint the potentialfor high payoff for improving the sy~

tern.A consumer study of garrison feed­

ing is under way at Fort Lewis,Washington, to find out why person­nel authorized to eat in Army dininghalls, free of charge, choose to payfor nearly half their meals in outsidefood service establishments. Plans arebeing made to perform similar non­utilization studies in Air Force, Navyand Marine Corps feeding facilities.

A parallel feeding system study isdefining the total cost and perform­ance of the current system used atFort Lewis. Results are expected tolead to a new feeding system and per­mit "before and after" cost compari­sons.

An automated data processingstudy at NLABS is directed towarddeveloping a new system for collect­ing head-count data for determiningattendance at meals in Army dindnghalls. An automated inventory controlsystem will follow and, ultimately, acomputerized menu planning system.

Designed to produce complementary

E. Pope (Air Force), and Col Maxene

Experience of the NLABS for exe­cution of this respon ibility actuallydates to 1963 when functions and per­sonnel of the Food and Container In­stitute at Chicago were transferred tothe Natick installation.

In conducting the DoD program,Natick's performing laboratories inthe respective mission areas evalu­ate the requirements submitted by thejoint ervices. Detailed R&D planningsummaries are prepared and submit­ted to the developing agencies-theU.S. Army Materiel Command andthe U.S. Army Medical R&D Com­mand-for further evaluation andcomment.

Responses of the developing agen­cies are then submitted to the JointFormulation Board, which providesthe means for multiservice participa­tion in sha.ping the DoD program.Five voting board members representthe Army, Navy, Air Force, MarineCorps and the Army Surgeon- Gen­eral. The Defense Supply Agency hasa nonvoting member. HQ Army Mate­riel Command provides the board's ex­ecutive secretary and the chairman­ship is rotated annually among votingmembers.

The board reviews requirementssubmitted by the services, integratesthem into a joint program, and as­signs each item a priority. Require­ments exceeding funding guidance areplaced in order of priority as un­funded.

Follo\ving the established staffingprocedures through Department ofthe Army channels, the proposed pro­gram is submitted to the Director ofDefeJlJSe Research and Engineeringfor approval, after which it is for­warded to the NLABS for implemen­tation.

The Joint Technical Staff providespertinent information peculiar to each

Joint Technical Staff Formulates 000 Food R&D Program Plans(Continued fron~ page 1)

The goal of this sustained, long­range effort is to improve support tomembers of all the U.S. ArmedForces, from the viewpoint of provid­ing the highest standards of foodservice at the lowest practicable costsin manpower, equipment and capitalinvestment.

Emphasis on joint service coordina­tion of the food research, develop­ment, testing and evaluation activitiesbegan in 1968 when the Departmerutof Defense established a single coordi­nated program. The Secretary of theArmy was designated to formulateand execute the program.

Dr. Edward E. Anderson, a nation­ally known authority who was thenhead of the Plant Products Divisionat NLABS-with prior experience asresearch professor in the Universityof Massachusetts Department ofFood, Science and Technology-wasappointed in mid-1969 as special as­sistant to the NLABS scientific direc­tor regarding the DoD Food R&DProgram.

Conversion of the Army food pro­gram to a DoD program was accom­plished during FY 1971, thereby set­ting the stage for the joint effort informulating the FY 1972 program,supported by a marked increase in thebudget.

Programed expenditures for FY1972 total $9.987 million as comparedwith $6.568 million in FY 1971. Mili­tary food service and subsistencetechnology exploratory developmentaccounts for $.093 million.

Other items: military subsistencesystems, $1.6 million; applied re­search in radiation preservation offood, $1.389 million; food and foodservice research, $1.175 million;wholesomeness tests of irradiatedfoods, $1 million; systems studies inmilitary feeding, $980,000; explora­tory development in packaging tech­nology, $950,000.

Formulation of the DoD Food R&DProgram annually begins with themilitary services and defense agenciesforwarding their detailed require­ments for research, development, testand evaluation activities for the tar­get fiscal year (calendar FY + 2).Generalized requirements also are for­warded for out-years, in sequence ofpriority, to the Natick Laboratories.

Currently, about 300 scientists, en­gineers and food technologists are en­gaged in the NLABS' Food Labora­tory, Equipment and Packaging Labo­ratory, and Pioneering Research Lab­oratory, in various aspects of theDoD program.

ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

TABLE 1DoD Food RDT&E Program, Fiscal Years 1970-72

(Thousands of Dollars)

FY 70 FY 71 FY 7S1014 1038 1175

0 450 980947 2039 1389

1644 1057 2093

600 600 950842 1384 1600

0 0 10005047 6568 9987

current effort to develop a lightweightinsulated food container for helicopterdelivery will be continued.

Tasks in the Military SubsistenceSystems Project include:

Further development of meal, ready­to-eat, individual, to replace thepresent meal, combat, individual forall the military services.

Development of and procurement ofprototypes of the meal, uncooked, 25­man for testing as an ultimate B-ra­tion replacement for all Services.

The meal ready-to-eat, individual, isdesigned to provide highly acceptablefood components under conditionswhich preclude preparation, exceptbeverage reconstitution. It incorpo­rates the advances made in flexiblepackaging systems for heat-processedfoods and in dehydrated foods.

Gross weight of a 1,135-caloriemeal is one pound as compared to 1.77pounds for the meal, combat, individ­ual, having the same calorie content.

During FY 1972, additional menuswill be prepared and engineeringstudies will be initiated on potentialdetectors for microbial contaminationin wet-pack products packaged in flex­ible containers.

The meal uncooked, 25-man includesmenus for breakfast, dinner, and sup­per meals on a 10.day cycle. It con­sists of factory-assembled nonperisha­ble foods, with a maximum use of de­hydrated foods and lightweight pack­aging.

Current and projected studies in­volve continued development of im­proved components, preparation. pro­cedures and packaging, and initiationof procurement of prototypes for fur­ther testing.

The joint services DoD Food pro­gram is supported by basic researchin chemistry, physics, life scien.cesand psychology. Results provide back­ground information and principles forultimate application in improving mil­itary feeding systems.

Condsely summarized, the objectiveis to provide the individual consumer,in all military services, high-quality,nutritious and acceptable foods underall military operational requirements.

ProjectFood and food service researchSystems studies in military feedingRadiation preservation of foodMilitary food service and subsistence

technologyPackaging technologyMilitary subsistence systemsWholesomeness test of irradiated foods

TOTAL

Col George M. Montgomery

6.4

Category

6.16.2

results, these studies are intended toprovide the basis for significant im­provements i garrison. feeding. Ad­vances in radiation preservation offoods, in which the NLABS have pi­oneered, offer encouraging possibili­ties of ultimately minimizing or elimi­nating field refrigeration require­ments.

The U.S. Food and Drug Adminis­tration has approved Army petitionsfor various irradiated foods. A whole­someness test of irradiated beef wasperformed u der contract during FY1971 and the study is scheduled tocontinue through FY 1974. Experi- _ Initiation of studies of improvedmentation involves tests of food on equipment for central food prepara­animals. tion. and continuous automated food

Irradiated beef also is being evalu- production equipment (Army, Navy,ated by analysis for nutrients, includ- Marine Corps).ing protein, amino acid and vitamin _ Initiation of a study of an auto­contents. The NLABS cobalt 60 radia- mated food dispensing operation (Airtion source is serving this program. Force).

Taus in Military Food Service and _ Continuation. of human factorsSubsistence Technology planned atNLABS for FY 1972 are designed to studies in food acceptance.improve the quality and variety of Packaging material and systemsfoods available in field and opera- are an important consideration in im­tional feedi g situations. Examples proving operational rations. Flexibleare: packages for heat-processed foods__ Development of reversibly com- have the advantages over the conven-

pressed freeze dried foods to l'educe tional rigid m~tal can of decreasedweight and vol"ume and yet maintain space requirements in shipment andhigh quality. easier use in the field.

- Improvement of mobile field An important aspect of the FYkitchens, including microwave oveIllS 1972 DoD Food RDT&E effort onfor rapid cooking (SPEED kitchen). packaging is to establish the reliabil-

• Improved food service operations ity of heat-processed foods in flexiblefor shipboard to include disposable packages under the different opera-mess gear ( avy). . tio~al environments of the ervices. A

Montgomery amed Picatinny Arsenal CommanderCommand of Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J., will pass to Col George M.

Montgomery, who is ending three years as deputy director of Development,Test and Engineering, effective Sept. 1. An earlier announcement had sched­uled Col Charles E. Conrad for this assignment.

Col Montgomery was graduated from the University of Arizona in 1948 witha bachelor's degree in electrical engineering, received his master's (EE) in1956 from Purdue University and in 1966 earned another ME degree inindustrial engineering from Columbia University: . .'

Commissioned in the Cavalry Reserve, he 'entered active service in 1948 andin 1949 was commissioned in the Regular Army (Ordnance Corps).

He has held commAnds at the company and battalion levels and was amember of the cadre that established the U.S. Army Missiles and MunitionsCenter and chool at Redstone Arsenal, Ala.Other assignments have included one year con­ducting engineering tests of ammunition andcombat vehicles at Aberdeen (Md.) ProvingGro.und, and three years at Redstone Arsenalas an R&D staff officer with the Army Ballis­tic Missile Agency in the Army's Jupiter mis­sile and early earth satellite and space pro­grams. During four years as an instructor andassociate pr fessor at the U.S. Military Acad­emy at West Point, he taught courses in pro­duction management and operations research.

Col Montgomery has completed courses inthe Armor, Ordnance, Signal and Air DefenseSchools, and is a graduate of the U.S. ArmyCommand and General Staff College and theArmed Forc s Staff College.

JULY·AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPl\1E T NEWS l\1AGAZINE 9

From left: Drs. Gabriel & Mary Mandels, Dr. Reese, Kostick, Dr. Parrish.

Parrish served six months with cur­rent Army Chief of Staff GeneralWilliam C. Westmoreland as a mem­ber of "the Army Concept Team inVietnam (ACTIV) .

John Kostick, educated as a physi­cist at Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology, works in the Natick FoodLaboratory with Dr. Mary Mandels,who earned her doctorate from Cor­nell University. She has credited himwith important contributions to thesuccess of the research project thathas demonstrated the feasibility ofconverting waste paper and other dis­carded cellulose products into glucosefoods and a clean-buming fuel.

One of the many paYoffs of the U.S.Army's long-standing Scientific andEngineering Assistants Program­which enables enlisted personnel towork alongside top Army researchersat in-house laboratories during mili­tary service--came in the contribu­tions of former E5 James S. Weberand E4 Richard Parizek. Weberserved at NLABS (1967-69) andParizek succeeded him on the project(1969-71).

Weber graduated from Montclair(N.J.) State College prior to entryinto military service and is workingtoward a master's degree at NewYork State University. Parizek has amaster's degree in microbiology fl'omthe University of Illinois and is withHaverlock-Ellis Biochemical Co.

Dr. J. Fred Oesterling, deputy fQl'

research under NLABS Scientific Di­rector Dr. Dale H. Sieling, earned atribute from him for effective workas a "project pusher" in assisting thedevelopmental team. Dr. Oesterlinghas served for many years as chair­man of the Army panel of judgeswhich annually selects about 20 out­standing entries in the InternationalScience and Engineering Fair fortrips to or summer work in Armylaboratories. This event draws morethan 400 finalists from regional highschool science fairs.

posium on ceJlulose in 1962 in Wash­ington, D.C., and again in 1968 atAtlantic City, N.J. Numerous booksand publications in professional jour­nals have enhanced his reputation.

Two foreign investigators weredrawn into the project as participantsin Natick's continuing Visiting Scien­tist Research Associateship Postdoc­toral Program. This permits a year ofstudy similar to the SARS Program.

D?·. Tarun K. Gh08e of Indiaachieved recognition for a significantcontribution as a senior visiting scien­tist sponsored by the National Re­seareh Council, U.S. National Acad­emy of Sciences, 1967-69. Dr. Ghoseis now head of the Department of Bio­chemical Engineering, Indian Insti­tute of Technology at New Delhi.

Dr. Moshe Katz was a post-doctoralscientist at NLABS in 1966-67 andworked with Dr. Reese on enzymaticresearch. He is now a microbiologistat the Hebrew University MedicalSchool in Jerusalem, Israel.

Dr. F?'ederick W. Parrish, who de­parted Aug. 27 for a year in Australiaunder a Secretary of the Army Re­search and Study ..Fellowship is anaturalized U.S. citizen who served asa British officer in World War II. He"contributed significantly" to thecrystallization and purification of theglucose syrup conversion to sugar. Dr.

SYRUP, made by converting wastepaper to glucose sugar, is poured overpancakes by Dr. J. Fred Oesterling.

Natick Labs List Sugar From Waste Paper TeamDevelopment of an enzymatic proc­

ess to convert waste papers into glu­cose food products, including sugar,or a clean-burning fuel (ethanol)­announced recently by the Army Na­tick (Mass.) Laboratories-was ac­complished mainly by 9 researchers.

Acclaimed as one of the NLABS'"most significant achievements in 25years," the process is envisioned asbeing potentially of major importance,in view of national and world concernabout pollution control.

Conversion of waste cellulose prod­ucts into various foods for humansand animals is achieved without gen­erating air or water pollutants. (Fora detailed description of the process,see feature article starting on page 1of the April-June Army Research andD'eoolopment Newsmagazine.)

Contributions were made over a pe­riod of several years by others thanthe nine researchers whose roles willbe reported in this article. NatickLaboratories at first withheld infor­mation regarding the developmentalteam to avoid possibility of overlook­ing some deserving individuals.

Dr. Mary H. Mandels, known as oneof the U.S. Army's most distinguishedresearch scientists, was project leaderand principal investigator. Creditedwith the culture work to produce mu­tation of the most potent concentra­tion of enzymes, she also discoveredthat cellulose used in the process ab­sorbs the enzyme. This eliminates theneed for highly sophisticated and ex­pensive filtering systems.

Dr. Gabriel Mandels, the other halfof Natick's famed husband-wife re­search team, is associate director forLife Sciences in the Pioneering Re­search Laboratory. An eminent plantphysiologist, he is "suspected" of mak­ing off-the-record contributions to suc­cess of the project although never offi­cially identified with it.

Dr. Elwyn T. Reese, a. research en­zymologist acknowledged as the dis­COverer of this particular enzymaticprocess, also isolated the enzyme nowbeing used to derive glucose productsfrom cellulose. World renowned, hewas invited by Pope Paul to attendthe Vatican Scientific Conference inApril 1968 and participated as theDepartment of Defense representa­tive.

Dr. Reese is one of numerous Armyin-hOuse scientists whose outstandingcareer potential has been advancedthrough selection for a Secretary ofthe Army Research and Study (SARS)Fellowship in 1964-65.

Dr. Reese organized the AmericanChemical Society international sym-

10 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE JULY·AUG. 1971

BESRL Applies Computer Techniques to Officer Career Counselinghuman counselor from the process.

The OCCS study will investigatethree coun3eling techniques: comput­er-counseling, computer-assistedhuman counseling, and unassistedhuman counseling.

In the computer-counseling system,the officer seeking promotional oppor­tunities and requirement data woulddirectly query the computer. Prefer­ences of the counselee would be inte­grated into the data bank and becomeavailable to the assignment managerin OPO, The cost-effectiveness of thisarrangement will be an integral partof the OCCS experiment.

Computer-assisted human counsel­ing, as an alternative, is associatedwith several advantages. One is tbatthe officer-couIllSelee does not have tobe taught how to query the computer;the counselor mediates for him. Sec­ondly, tbe computer will require lesssoftware, since the counselor can sup­plement the data bank with informa­tion at his disposal. Finally, BESRLwill consider the "humanizing" factorin person-to-person counseling.

After one year of preparatory ex­perimental design, researchers will in­itiate a comparative evaluation ofcomputer-counseling. The criteria forevaluation will be the actual amountof useful job information acquired byofficer-subjects utilizing each counsel­ing method, and the value of the in­formation obtained from the counse­lors in making assignments.

Johnson outlined the prime advan­tages of computer counseling. Primar­ily, a computer-assisted or computer­run counseling service is constantlybeing updated on professional oppor­tunities and requirements; its jobdata is much more current than amanual filing system.

Anticipated also as an advantage ofcomputer counseling is an improvedvantage point with regard to answer­ing job information questions mostfrequently posed by career-orientedofficers. The preferences of the officerscan be more accurately pinpointed;the counselor can be asked to makechoices between alternatives that arereal possibilities for him. Hopefully,officers will feel more directly in­volved in determining their careers.

Finally, counselees with unrealisticcareer goals can be informed quicklyof their relative standing with com­petitors and referred to more suitableposition openings.

Upon completion of the study, theBESRL-developed computer counsel­ing service will be considered forArmy-wide implementation to aid of­ficers seeking career information.

In striving for optimal matching ofmen and jobs, BESRL researcherswill cope directly with the informa­tional needs of officers concerningpromotional and educational goals.

Cecil D. Johnson, Chief of BESRL'sStatistical Research and Analysis Di­vision, said the computer counselorwill be equipped to inform otticers re­garding the mathematical probabilityof attaining a desired position.

The data bank will include informa­tion relevant to job requirements (ed­ucational, professional and experien­tial ba.ckground, mental abilities andaptitude levels required for the posi­tion), as well as the counselee's per­sonal qualifications.

By matching job requirements withofficer potentials and ambitions, com­puter techniques will provide counse­lees with a realistic assessment ofprobable success or failure in aimingfor a particular career goal.

Under the ongoing initial assign­ment system serving enlisted service­men, computers already analyze: tbenumber of persons vying for a specificposition i job related preferences asperceived by an interviewer/counse­lor; and the counj)elee's personal qual­ifications (e.g., Army General Classi­fication Test battery scores, employ­ment history, education, health, etc.).

The role of the counselor, it wasexplained, could be greatly increasedto the advantage of both the counseleeand the Army if the counselor were toprovide direct access to a data bank.

A human counselor mediates be­tween the counselee and the computerin the above system. However, part ofthe BESRL Officer Career CounselingSystem (DCCS) study will explorethe possibility of eliminating the

Col Spitler Directs Artillery Materiel Testing at TECOMResponsibility as director of Field Artillery Materiel Testing at HQ U.S.

Army Test and Evaluation Command (USATECOM), Aberdeen (Md.) ProvingGround was assumed by Col Joseph V. Spitler Jr. late in July.

Col Spitler served until recently with the Developments Directorate, Office ofthe Cbief of Research and Development, HQDepartment of the Army.

He has a 1949 bachelor's degree in civil en­gineering from Virginia Military Institute, a1967 master's in mechanical engineering fromthe University of Arizona and is a certifiedprofessional engineer in Virginia.

His military training includes graduationfrom the basic and advanced courses for artil­lery officers at Fort Sill, Okla., Command andGeneral Staff College, and Army War College.

A veteran of eight campaigns in Korea and'Southeast Asia, he bas receiv.ed the Legion ofMerit, Disti guished Flying Cross, BronzeStar Medal, Air Medal with 10 Oak Leaf Clus­ters, Meritorious Service Medal and ArmyCommendation Medal. Col Joseph V. Spitler Jr.

Application of conlputer techniquesto officer career counseling was an­nounced in July by the Behavior andSystems ReEearch Laboratory as a 2­year project sponsored by the Officeof the Deputy Chief of Staff for Per­sonnel, Department of the Army.

DCSPER officials approached Dr. J.E. Uhlaner, Director of BESRL, anelement of the U.S. Army ManpowerResources Re~earch and DevelopmentCenter, Arlington, Va., with a prob­lem frequently voiced by the officersand those responsible for providingofficers with career guidance. MajGen Frankli Davis, Jr., Director,Military Personnel Policies, stated theproblem:

"There is not a central source ofaccurate, up-to-date career guidanceiIllformation available to officers. In­formation is fragmented in many reg­ulations, in officers' career branchesand other sources not available to allofficers, and tends to change rapidly."

The results were termed "inefficientpersonal career-goal decisions andpoor use of officer capabilities and in­terests," with unquantifiable costs interms of utilization of valuable re­sources and motivation.

In response to DCSPER's expressedneed , BESRL proceeded to design itsproposed study of a computerizedcareer counseling service and a futuremanagement information system that~vill both support and benefit fromsuch a service.

The goal is to "capitalize maxi­mally on individual differences to op­timize assignment with respect to thedesires of the individual and theneeds of the Army ... and to evalu­ate the use of interactive consoles bycounselors to tap a data bank."

JULY·AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 11

Watervliet Studies Unorthodox Grenade Concept

CIENTIFIC AND TECH OLOGICALAchievement Award is presented toFranklyn R. on'elle (left) by GilbertG. Lorenz, SAETL technical director.

ham Flateau, chief of the Aerodynam­ics Research Group of the Edgewood(Md.) Arsenal research laboratories.Initial studies an'!! tests showed byearly 1970 that the concept had suffi­cient promise to warrant a feasibilitystudy of a launching device.

In mid-1970 the U.S. Army SmallArms Systems Agency, Md., choseWatervliet Arsenal to conduct thestudy and to provide feasibility dem­onstration hardware. Watervliet's De­velopment Engineering Division, di­rected by Paul K. Rummel, conductedthe study with the Edgewood groupthat had devised the projectile.

Essential prototype primer hard­ware was developed and supplied byFrankford (Pa.) Arsenal's Conceptsand Exploratory Development Branch,directed by Emmanuel Weinstock.

Design and development of thelauncher-as well as testing for muz­zle velocity and spin-was carried outin nine months by Watervliet's Com­ponent Developments Branch headedby Walter H. Austin Jr. John J. Bu­suttil was the project leader.

Other arsenal employes who con­tributed significantly to the projectincluded AU Miller, chief of designservices, mechanical engin'l!er RonaldGast and Anthony Rinaldi and Mat­thew Sroczynski, mechanical engineer­ing technicians.

a new capability for artillery and thefield army.

He served in the Army during1944-45 and has been employed at thelaboratories since 1946. He attendedIowa and Catholic Universities.

Dr. Pi-Fuay Chen, a n:>minee forthe Scientific and Technology Award,and Dale E. Howell, a nomil'ee forthe Leadership Award, along with thetwo winners, were presented Certifi­cates of Achievement.

LEADERSHIP Award is pre ented too car W. Bowker by Lt Col George J.

imcox, deputy CO of .. Army Engi­neer Topographic Laboratories.

Doughnut- haped projectiles firedfrom a grenade launcher might not beexpected to achieve significantly in­creased range, but Watervliet (N.Y.)Arsenal, U.S. Army Weapons Com­mand, claims the futuristic designgives the mis He a "(lying capability."

The unorthodox configuration has abuilt-in aidoil cro s-section that actslike the wing of an aircraft to in­crease the range of the projectile overthat of the normal bullet shape.

The concept of a ring airfoil gre­nade (RAG) was generated by Abra-

Employes Honored With CO AwardsUSAETL since March 1962.

Bowker, chief of the Inertial Sur­veying Branch, Surveying and Geo­desy Division, was honored for direct­ing R&D programs for several toppriority tasks. He was cited particu­larly for supervising development ofthe lightweight gyro-azimuth theodol­ite and the position and azimuth de­termining systems that have provided

WATERVLIET ARSE AL TEAM for ring airfoil grenade includes (from left)Walter H. Austin Jr., Ronald Ga t, Anthony Rinaldi, AIf Miller and John Busuttil.

Commanding Officer's Awards forScientific and Technological Achieve­ment, and for Leadership, presentedannually at the U.S. Army EngineerTopographic Laboratories (USAETL)since 1969, recently honored FranklynRay Norvelle and Oscar W. Bowker.

Application of mathematical tech­niques to programing concepts for theAS-llA Stereoplotter Program,thereby solving a problem that hadresisted several earlier efforts, earnedNorvelle the S&TA Award.

This accomplishment uses complexphotography not heretofore directlyusable iru a plotting instrument; also,for the first time anywhere, 3-dimen­sional observation, measurements, andplotting of stereo side-looking radarphotography.

Dissimilarities between the geome­tric relationships within a side-look­ing radar photograph and those of apicture obtained with a conventionalcamera are so great that adaptationof analog-type stereoplotters for usewith the S-L radar was previously im­possible.

Others had recognized that only byuse of an analytical type plotter(such as the AS-llA) was there anychance of properly accommodatingstereo radar photography. Norvellewas the first researcher able to derivethe mathematics necessary for properorientation and compilation fromthese slant-range photographs. TheAS-llA computer now can be pro­gramed so that the operator has aparallax-free stereomodel to observeat all times.

Norvelle earned a BS degree incivil engineering from the Universityof VirgiIllia in 1962 and has donegraduate work at Syracuse Univer­sity. He has been employed at

2 USAETL

12 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE JULY·AUG. 1971

BfSRL Studies Internal Response Systems to Augment Human PerformanceIs it possible to exploit man's covert

(internal) responsiveness in order toaugment human performance in amilitary situation?

Essentially, this is the question theU.S. Army Behavior and Systems Re­search Laboratory (BESRL), a partof the Manpower Resources Researchand Development Center, is attempt­ing to answer in long-term experi­mentation on covert response systems.

Under the direction of Dr. J. E.Uhlaner, Dr. Michael Kaplan, aBESRL principal scientist, is explor­ing, in the Response Systems WorkUnit, a new approach to vigilance andmonitoring p rforman.ce tests. The ef­fort is described as "a relativelyunexplored realm of investigation."

Essential to an understanding ofthis research is the distinction be­tween overt and covert behavior.Overt behavior is action observablewithout the aid of recording instru­ments. Covert responses involve inter­nal behavior sually detected and rec­orded with instrument assistance.

The electroencephalograph, electro­cardiograph, and electromyograph areexamples of such recording instru­ment . They utilize electrical signalsfrom the covert response systems, andthese signals can be transmitted byradio telemetry. Dr. Kaplan callsthem "electro-behavioral signals."

Another helpful distinction is thedifference between operant and re­spondent beh vior. Operant responsesare voluntary, motor behavior; con­versely, respondent behavior is gener­ally involuntary, typified by autonomicnervous system responses.

The overt response ystems that Dr.Kaplan is concerned with involve op­erant behavior, but in the area ofcovert behavior he is looking at bothautonomic l' sponses and impercepti­ble operants.

Dr. Kaplan's experimental ap­proach depends on the observation ofa basic imilarity between overt andcovert respo se systems in that bothare affected by stimuli from the exter­nal environment.

Postulating that man may be "neg­lecting" his ability to be internallyreceptive to environmental informa­tion, Dr. Kaplan is studying the util­ity of covert respon es in monitoringand performance situations.

Past ob ervations from the Army'spsychological experimentation inthese areas have indicated that sol­diers' performance curves exhibit de­terioration effects over time. Initially,the men show high performance andaccuracy rates, but begin to make dis-

crimination errors after several hoursof sustained performance.

Emphasizing that such discrimina­tion errors are external, overt re­sponse errors, Dr. Kaplan is search­ing for internal respon e-correlates tothe same external stimuli as those in­volved in customary monitoring andvigilance experiments. He is also pro­ceeding on the possibility that inter­nal responses are more rapid and sen­sitive than external motor or verbalresponses to environmental factors.

He hypothesizes that internal re­sponse systems might profitably (a)give early warning signals that thesubject will soon begin to deterioratein his monitoring or vigilance behav­ior; and (b) continue to respond reli­ably to external stimuli long afterovert reactions to signals deteriorate.

His experiment rests on two majorspeculations: Firstly, that there aresome covert responses (e.g., changesin electrical muscle potentials, skinresistance, depth of breathing) whichparallel and some which bear specialtime relationships to overt reactionsto external stimuli; secondly, thatthese internal response changes, char­acteristic of a particular subject, canbe used as cues that predictably pre­cede deterioration of his external re­sponding to monitoring signals.

Should these speculations provetrue in. long-sustained studies, he be­lieves that practical applicationsabound. For instance, an electricalswitch-triggering device might beused to sound an alarm when electro­behavioral signals from a monitoringsubject evidence covert cues knowncharacteristically to precede his onsetof performance-deterioration.

Deterioration cues also could betransmitted by radio to the command­ing officer, who, like the football coachtaking players in and out of thegame, might suggest the monitor re­vive himself, rest, or be replaced. Dr.Kaplan also suggests his work mayultimately permit another efficiency inutilization of monitoring personnel.

Should individual differences in thecapacity for sustained monitoringperformance be established, he ex­plains, soldiers with longer alertnessspans could be most suitably assignedto monitoring jobs.

One of the most speculative aspectsof BESRL's work in covert response­systems is the possibility (alreadyseen briefly in its laboratory) that in­ternal responses to stimuli col'lltinuereliably long after the external res­ponders fail. This could happen whena soldier is drowsy or falls asleep.

If this premise proves true, a sub-

BESRL'S Dr. Michael Kaplan explainselectrocardiograph fluctuations con­comitant to deterioration of humanvigilance performance to Carol Kee­gan a University of Ohio student em­ployed during the ummer as an internon the Army R&D Newsmagazine staff.

ject might "report" stimuli by his in­ternal reactions. In response to thesestimuli, the subject is presumably re­sponding via covert as well as overtresponse systems.

Should internal autonomic respon­ses be found more sensitive than overtresponses, then classical (Pavlovian)conditioning might be employed soth~t the critical signal to be detectedelicited an autonomic response. Aradar operator, for example, might"report" a special blip with his heartrather than his voice.

BESRL leaders see several valuablenonmilitary applications of this re­search. Medical researchers, for ex­ample have explored the activation ofprosthetic devices by means of electri­cal muscle potential. Dr. Kaplan fore­sees more accurate plotting of a sensi­tive psycho-physical hearing curve.

Basic research projects such as thiscovert-overt response experiment re­quire only a fraction of BESRL's r~

search budget and manpower re­sources. Still, Dr. A. Hyman, deputydirector for Human Performance Ex­perimentation Research, believes thatthe scientific payoff from such investi­gation may eventually be considerable.

One indirect payoff to Washington'sacademic community has been the op­portunity for American UllIiversitypsychology graduate students to in­tern with BESRL and merit academiccredit for work on the project.

The cooperative relationship withthe university serves, in Dr. Uhla­ner's view, as a valuable public rela­tions effort. Offering students a"priceless learning opportunity," italso encourages them to seek scien­tific careers in federal government.

JULY-A G. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 13

ARMY MATHEMATICIANS CO FERE CE-Dignitariesparticipating in the 17th conference of Army Mathemati­cians at Redstone (Ala.) Arsenal, sponsored by the ArmyMathematics Steering Committee on behalf of the Office ofthe Chief of Army Research and Development (OCRD),included (I. to r.) Prof. John D. C. Little, Massachu etts

Institute of Technology; Dr. Franci G. Dre el, Army Re­search Office, Durham (ARO-D), .C.; Prof. Lawrence C.Young, University of Wisconsin; Dr. Alan S. Galbraith,ARO-D; Dr. Fred Fri hman, OCRD; Prof. J. Barkley Ros­ser, niversity of Wisconsin; and Prof. Henryk A.Anto iewicZ"; University of Southern California (L.A.).

Army Mathematicians Discuss R&D ApplicationsAdvanced mathematics technology

applications to current and envisionedU.S. Army materiel research and de­velopment problems were reportedand discussed during the 17th Confer­ence of Army Mathematicians.

HQ U.S. Army Missile Command(MICOM), Redstone (Ala.) Arsenalwas host to the meeting pOl1lSored bythe Army Mathematics Steering Com­mittee on behalf of Army Chief ofResearch and Development Lt GenWilliam C. Gribble Jr.

Featuring the program were fourpresentations by invited speakers, apanel discussion and 46 technical pap­ers given at 16 sessions. Eleven pap­ers could not be fitted into the agenda.Several of these will be given atthe 17th Conference on the Design ofExperiments in Research, Develop­ment and Testing in October at theWalter Reed Army Institute of Re­search (WRAIR), Washington, D.C.

Prof. John D. C. Little, Massachu­setts Institute of Technology, spokeon "Managers and Models-AConcept of Decision Calculus," andProf. H. A. Antosiewicz, Universityof Southern California, Los Angeles,discussed "Stability Theory: An Ov­erview."

Other guest speakers were RobertMiles, University of North CarOlina,Chapel Hill, "Historical Backgroundfor Mathematical Models," and A. W.Dobieski, TRW, Inc., "A CompleteSimulation of Small IndependentAction Forces."

Dr. John L. McDaniel, director ofResearch, Development, Engineeringand Missile Systems Laboratory atMICOM, chaired a panel session on"Control Mathematical View of Man­agement in Man-Organized Systems."

Other panelists were Dr. Maurice J.Zucrow, professor emeritus, Mechan­ical Engineering Department, PurdueUniversity, and Dr. Robert E. Shan­non, associate professor, IndustrialSy tems Engineering, University ofAlabama.

SESSION 1. Chairman, BarryRodin, Ballistics Re~earch Laborato­rie, Army Aberdeen (Md.) R&DCenter. Geometric Programing Ap­plied to the Design of Thermal PowerSupplies, Gerald M. Schultz, HarryDiamond Laboratories, Washington,D.C. Compression of TopographicalData Thorough Polynomial Approxi­mation and Its Application to theField Artillery Problem, T. Pavlidis.Princeton University, and M. Langan,Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Pa.

SESSION 2. Chairman, Eric Men­delson, U.S. Army Mobility Equip­ment R&D Center (MERDC), FortBelvoir, Va. Convergence in MeasureWhen the -Limit Function is Infiniteon a Set 0/ Positive Measure, 1st LtRobert D. Tortora, U.S. Army Secu­rity Agency, Arlington, Va. COtnpari­sons of Co01'dinate Systems andTransformations for Trajectory Sim­ulations, Bernard F. Engebos, Atmos­pheric Sciences Laboratory, WhiteSands (N. Mex.) Missile Range(WSMR). On Flip Flop Wing Con­trols and Trackerless FOur-QuadrantSeekers for Sampled Line-of-SightPursuit Missiles, Ernst T. Evers-Eu­terneck, HQ MICDM.

SESSION 3. Chairman, Hal Weid­ner, U.S. Army Weapons Command(WECOM), Rock Island (Ill.) Arse­nal. Tran ient Inviscid CompressibleFlow Through the Gun Barrel, RaoV. S. Yalamachili, Science and Tech­nology Laboratory, WECOM. Us-

ing MeasU1'ed Material Pat'ameters inSolving FOt'ced Motion Pt'oblems inViscoelasticity, Struan R. Robertson,Watervliet (N.Y.) Arsenal. Interrela­tion and Bounds on Moduli in Com­posite Materials, E. M. Lenoe, Theo­retical and Applied Mechanics Re­search Laboratory, U.S. Army Mate­rials and Mechanic Re earch Center(AMMRC), Watertown (Mass.) Arse­nal.

SESSION 4. Chairman, Dskar Es­senwanger, MICDM. The Integra­tion of Prandtl's Mj'xing LengthEquation, Robert P. Lee, AtmosphericSciences Laboratory (ASL), WSMR.An Iterative Algorithm for Calcu­lating Potentials Near Small Groups0/ Finite Charged Plates, F. S. Actonand J. Barkley Rosser, MathematicsRe earch Center (MRC), Universityof Wisconsin, Madi on, Wis. Intermo­lecular Hard-Core Potentials-PointTransformations with Boundary COtt­ditions, Norman M. Witriol, MICOM.On the Numerical Solut'ion of Bro­var's Integral Equation fo?' a Gener­alized StJorface Density, H. Baussusvon Luetzow, U.S. Army EngineerTopographic Laboratories, Fort Bel­voir, Va.

SESSION 5. Chairman, Capt IsaacS. Metts Jr., WRAIR. ProbabilityDistributiOtu for Multi-VariableFunctiOtul, Charles M. Bowden,MICOM. Evaluation of a CertainAtomic Integral, J. F. Perkins,MICOM. Conserved Quantities inthe Equation of a Motion of an Inter­acting Fermion-Boson Field, R. A.Shatas, MICOM, and C. A. Coulter,Clark University, Worcester, Mass.

SESSION 6. Chairman, JulianDavis, U.S. Army Munitions Com­mand, Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J.On Forced Vibrations in the LinearTheory of Micropolar Elasticity, G. L.

ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEW ~IAGAZINE JULY·AUG. 1971

Army Type~Classifies Water Decontamination Set

IN A FIELD tETROD developed to destroy chemical and biological contami­nants, water is pretreated by superhypochlorination and activated carbonad orption before entering truck-mounted Army water purifier. Pretreatmentis accomplished in two uncovered collapsible water tanks. Potable water entersthe covered tank from purifier developed by the Mobility Equipment R&D Center.

Existence Theorem for ContingentEquations, Jack T. Markin, U.S.Army Aviation Systems Command,St. Louis, Mo. Display of Integer So­lutions, W. W. Happ, U.S. ArmyCorps of Engineers, Champaign, Ill.

SESSION 15. Chairman, Alan Gal­braith, U.S. Army Research Office­Durham (ARO-D), N.C. An Ap­proximate Method for Elastic Inden­tation Problems with Slip, Ben Noble,MRC. Inver8ion of Almost Identi­cal Matrices, Goetz Uebe, MRC.Closed Solution Curve8 for Nonli­near Differential Equations, A NewMethod, G. Di Antonio, The Pennsyl­vania State University, Middletown.

SESSION 16. Chairman, WalterSewell, ARO-D. A Problem in Sto­chastic Control of Queues, N. U. Pra­bhu, MRC. Approx:mate Determi­nation of Periodic Solutions of aClass of Nonlinear Differential Equa­tions, Jagdish Chandra, ARO-D, andB. A. Fleishman, Rensselaer Polytech­nic Institute, Troy, N.Y. Dual Ez­tremum Principles in Applied Mathe­matics, M. J. Sewell, MRC.

steps inherent in the standard "Er­dlator" Army water purificationunits. Pretreatment consists of super­hypochlorination and activated carbonadsorption in series.

The process is the same regardlessof chemical or biological materials,eliminating the requirement for dif­ferentiating between different materi­als in the raw water. The system es­sentially removes the hazard of han­dling contaminated water in the Er­dlator unit.

Equipment designed particularlyfor the destruction of known chemicaland biological contaminants in waterhas been Type Classified Standard Aas a simple and effective methodadapted to field army requirements.

Development of the new water de­contamination set was announced July30 by the U.S. Army Mobility Equip­ment R&D Center, Fort Belvoir, Va.

Chemical and biological contami­nants in water are destroyed prior tothe normal coagulation and filtration

State University, Pullman, Wash.Discrete Variable Meth'Od Applied toTransient Heat-Conduction Problems,Shih-Chi Chu, Science and TechnologyLaboratory, WECOM. Simple Thick.ness Modes for Laminated CompositeMaterials, Charles R. Thomas,WECOM Maggs Research Center,Watervliet ArseJlJal.

SESSION 12. Chairman, WilliamAgee, WSMR. On the Digital Sim­ulation of Signals and Systems, CaptMichael J. Piovoso, IER. Time Se­rie8 Editing by Generalized Differ­ences, Louis D. Duncan, ASL. AQuartic Generalized Spline DigitalFilter, William L. Shepherd, WSMR.

SESSION 13. Chairman, P. A. Lil­ienthal, CRREL. Diffraction of aPlane Wave Normally Incident on aAperture in a Plane Screen, WalterPressman, IER. Analysis of Misa­lignment Effects on TransmissionProperties 0/ Beam Waveguides, J.Benson, IER.

SESSION 14. Chairman, C. M.Greenland, U.S. Army Chemical R&DLaboratories, Edgewood Arsenal. An

Anderson, Benet Research and Engi­neering Laboratories, Watervliet Ar­senal. Dynamic Stress IntensityFactor for an Unbounded Plate Hav­ing Collinear Cracks, M. A. Hussainand S. L. Pu, Benet Research andEngineering Laboratories, WatervlietArsenal. Plastic Defor'TItat'ion in aTransversely-Isotropic Annular PlateStressed by Internal Pressure, PeterC. T. Chen, Benet Research and Engi­neering Laboratories.

SESSION 7. Chairman, Maj P. V.Perrino, WRAIR. Fixed Points andPeriodic Differential Equations, LeonKotin, Institute for Exploratory Re­search (IER), U.S. Army ElectronicsCommand (ECOM), Fort Monmouth,N.J. Boundedness of Solutions fora Second Order System of DifferentialEquations, Irving J. Epstein, IER.A Refor'7ltttlatiO'Tb of Schoenberg'sExplicit Solution of the Finite CubicSpline Interpolation Problem forEquidistant Data, T. N. E. Greville,MRC.

SESSION 8. Chairman, Capt DavidL. Bitters, U.S. Army Combat Devel­'opments Command, Fort Belvoir, Va.Response of Rotor Blades to RandamInputs, C. Lakshmikantham,AMMRC. Optimal Desi{}n of Elas­tic Structures II: Continuous Prob­lems, E. J. Haug Jr., K. C. Pan, andT. D. Streeter, WECOM. DistributedParameter Optimal Design, E. J.Haug Jr., WECOM.

SESSION 9. Chairman, L. C.Young, MRC, U. of Wisconsin. CQm­putational Solution 0/ Ratio Gamesby Iterative Linear Programing, Ste­phen M. Robimwn, MRC, U. of Wis­consin. The Forced Motion of a NO'TIrconservatively Loaded Elastic System,Wayne W. Walter, Benet Researchand Engineering Laboratories. Non­classical Orthogonality and Ezpan-­sion Principles for Second and FourthOrder Systems, E. J. Brunelle, Wat­ervliet Ar~enal (also associate profes­sor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute).

SESSION 10. Chairman, E. M.Lenoe, AMMRC. Thte Time Behav­ior of Plane Cracks Under I1npulsiveLoads, Siegfried H. Lehnigk and Ber­nard Steverding, MICOM. The Cre­ation of Planetary Surfaces, BernardSteverding and Siegfried H. Lehnigk,MICOM. On Torsion-Extension forMaterials That Creep and Its Use inDetermination 0/ Mechanical MaterialResponse, P. A. Lilienthal, U.S. ArmyCold Regions Research and Engineer­ing Laboratory (CRREL), Hanover,N.H.

SESSION 11. Chairman, H. M.Hung, WECOM. A New Approachlor Equations of State at ElevatedTempe1'aturcs and Pre8sure, GeorgeW. Swan, Department of Pure andApplied Mathematics, Washington

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 15

U.S., Canada Review Deve opment-Sharing Program at Meeting

CA ADIAN OFFICERS were oriented on magnetic and seismic sensors whenthey visited the U.S. Army Mobility Equipment R&D Center (MERDC) at FortBelvoir, Va. Col Bennett L. Lewis (second from right), MERDC commander,welcomed Brig Gen H. B. Brodie ( econd from left), enior liai on officer (Army)and Canadian Forces attache in Wa kington, D.C.; Lt Col J. F. Preston (right),senior staff officer, Land Engineering, Canadian Defence Liaison Staff; andMaj. C. K. MacLeod (left), Canadian liaison officer assigned to the MERDC.

Understanding of current objec­tives, procedures and some of the out­standing ongoing efforts and resultsof the United States/Canadian De­fense Development-Sharing Programwas advanced at a recent briefing foru.s. Army agencies concerned withR&D efforts.

Conducted at the U.S. Army Re­search Office in the Highland Build­ing, Arlington, Va., the briefing wasgiven by Deputy Chief Richard Blakeof the Canadian Defence ResearchStaff and Earl G. Jones, Canadian De­partment of Industry, Trade andCommerce.

In attendance were representativesof all directorates and major elementsof HQ, Office of the Chief of Researchand Development, U.S. Army; also,representatives of the U.S. Army Ma·teriel Command, Combat Develop­ments Command, Office of the Sur­geon General, Office of the Chief ofEngineers, and division chiefs of theU.S. Army Research Office.

Initiated by an agreement signedSept. 14, 1960, the Defense Develop­ment-Sharing Program had its begin­ning in the Hyde Park Agreement of1941 concerning mutual industrialmobilization for World War II. Fol­lowing that conflict, the concepts wereprogressively extended, leading to theJoint Industrial Mobilization Plan­ning Committee.

The "Statement of Principles forEcon07ltic CooperfLtion," signed by thePrime Minister of Canada and thePreBident 0/ the United States onSept. 20, 1950, helped to shape, adecade later, the Defense Develop­ment-Sharing Program. It stated inpfLrt:

"In the interests of mutual secu­rity, and to assist both Governmentsto discharge their obligations underthe United Nations Charter and theNorth Atlantic Treaty, it is believedthat this field of common actionshould be further extended.

"It is agreed, therefore, that ourtwo Governments shall cooperate inall respects practicable, and to the ex­tent of their respective executive pow­ers, to the end that the economic ef­forts of the two countries be coordi­nated for the common defense, andthat the production and resources ofboth countries be used for the bestcombined results ...."

The historical affinity and contin­ued compatibility of the United Statesand Canada in pursuance of mutualdefense and joint industrial develop­ment objectives was stated, rather el­oquently, in the January 1967 editionof the Army R&D Newsmagazine.

Donn R. Grand Pre, then on thestaff of the Deputy Assistant Secre­tary of Defense for International Lo­gistics Negotiations, and from 1958 to1966 a key staff member of the Inter­national Office, Office of the ArmyChief of R&D, stated in an article onthe Defense Development-SharingProgram:

"Never in the written history ofman have two countries shared somuch as Canada and the UnitedStates: the Continent of North Amer­ica; a common heritage built on immi­gration, hard work and free enter­prise; and the sweat, blood and tearsof two major wars, plus the Koreanaffair ...."

Grand Pre's article pointed out thatCanada has been a major supplier ofmaterials for U.S. industry for morethan 100 years and that:

"Economic integration of the twocountries has been building up until70 percent of many Canadian indus­tries are U.S.-owned and 80 percentof foreign investment comes from theU.S."

Objectives of the Defense Develop­ment-Sharing Program outlined inthe 1950 statement leading to its es­tablishment in 1963 have not changedgreatly despite organizational andprocedural modifications consistentwith progress. Objectives then were:

• To control emergency-type mate­rials and supplies.

• Facilitate production by a freeexchange of technical knowledge andproductive skills.

• Remove trade barriers and de­velop a coordinated program of re-

quirements, production and procure­ment.

The need for a briefing to updateall U.S. Army R&D primary or re­lated activity leaders with changes inthe Canadian R&D organization andprocedures was recognized during arecent visit of U.S. leaders to Canada.

Among U.S. representatives wereGeneral Henry A. Miley, CG, U.S.Army Materiel Command, ArmyChief of R&D Lt Gen William C.Gribble Jr., Army Chief Scientist Dr.Marvin E. Lasser, and members oftheir staffs.

U.S. Army Chief of Staff GeneralWilliam C. Westmoreland indicatedrecently a keen interest in foreign de­velopments of potential usefulness inmutual defense activities, and a desireto be kept continuingly informed.

During a recent meeting of headsof directorates in the Office of theChief of R&D, Director of Army Re­search Brig Gen George M. Snead Jr.was requested to "look into" the rela·tionship of the Canadian Defence Re­search Board participation in theU.S./Canadian Cooperative R&D Pro­gram-particularly as relates to aneed for further cooperative effort.

The Canadian Defence ResearchBoard is concerned primarily withresearch and preliminary development,corresponding to basic research andexploratory development known inU.S. Army R&D funding parlance as6.1 and 6.2 categories.

Both of these programs are de­voted to the free exchange of researchinfornlation of mutual interest to thepartners in the ABCA (American,BritiSh, Canadian, Australian) Ar-

16 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE JULY.AUG. 1971

OTSG Announces Assignments of Key Personnel

by U.S. industry executives. Addi­tional information is presented in"Production Sharing Handbook."

Both of these publications areavailable free of charge from thenearest Canadian Consulate in theU.S. or from the Canadian headquar­ters office. The address of the head­quarters is: Chief, U.S. Market De­velopment Division, International De­fence Programs Branch, Departmentof Industry Trade & Commerce, 112Kent Street, Ottawa 4, Ontario,Canada.

tary of the Army (1965-71).Certified by the American Board of

Orthopaedic Surgery, he has beenbased at various hospitals in the Con­tinental U.S., Germany and Hawaii.He was also deputy chief, PhysicalStandards Division, Office of theArmy Surgeon General (1964-65). Hehas been awarded the Legion of Merit,Army Commendation Medal (withOLC), and fellowship in the AmericanCollege of Surgeons. He is a memberof the American Medical Association,the American Academy of Ortho­paedic Surgeons, the Association ofMilitary Surgeons of the UnitedStates, the Eastern Orthopaedic Asso­ciation, and the Washington Ortho­paedic Society.

Col Reginald C. Thomas, MCS, isthe new special assistant to the Sur­geon General for Intelligence andchief of the Medical Intelligence Of­fice. He succeeds Col William B.O'Neill, MSC, who is returning to aNATO assignment in Europe.

Col Thomas has served as a labora­tory officer, Microbiology Branch, atthe Third U.S. Army HeadquartersLab, Fort McPherson, Ga. Other as­signments have been in Europe,Hawaii and Brooke Army MedicalCenter, Fort Sam Houston, Tex.

increased life and cost effectiveness.Military, economic and pohtical

considerations of mutual benefit toCanada and the U.S. are covered inthe U.S. Department of DefenseArmed Services Procurement Regula­tion (ASPR) 6-601. Over 400 Cana­dian firms have obtained defenseprime and subcontracts on this basis.

A brochure on the U.S./Canadiancooperative industrial development ef­fort titled "Canadian Defence Com­modities" contains answers to some ofthe questions asked most frequently

The Army Surgeon General's Officerecently announced three asignmentsof key personnel.

Lt Col John P. Piercy, MSC, willserve as chief of the EnvironmentalEngineering Branch of the PreventiveMedicine Division, succeeding Col Ber­nard L. Goldstein, MSC, new execu­tive officer, Directorate of Health andEnvironment.

Col Piercy formerly was sanitaryengineer with the Eighth U.S. Armyin Korea, the U.S. Army Environmen­tal Hygiene Agency at Edgewood(Md.) Arsenal and with the 10th Med­ical Laboratory in Europe.

He is a member of the RegisteredProfessional Engineers in Texas, theAmerican Society of Civil Engineers,and the National Society of Profes­sional Engineers; a Diplomate of theAmerican Academy of EnvironmentalEngineers; and a Fellow of the Amer­ican Public Health Association.

Col (D1'.) Robert W. Parvin, MC, isnewly assigned to the Army SurgeonGeneral's Office as Chief, PrimaryCare Branch, Office of the Special As­sistant for Medical Corps Affairs, Di­rectorate of Professional Services.

Col Parvin was a consultant andmedical member of the Army Councilof Review Boards, Office of the Secre-

Col Bass Assigned as Pine Bluff Arsenal CommanderCommand of Pine Bluff (Ark.) Arsenal passed from Col John K. Stoner Jr.,

who now heads Edgewood (Md.) Arsenal, to Lt Col (Col designate) SampsonH. Bass Jr. late in July. Col Bass had served since July 1969 as director,Weapons Development and Engineering Laboratories, Edgewood Arsenal.

While at Edgewood, he also served as directorof Task Force Eagle, the Army's demilitarizationprogram for the destruction of obsolete stocks ofbulk chemical agents and munitions stored atRocky Mountain (Colo.) Arsenal, a subpost ofEdgewood Arsenal.

Col Bass has a BS in chemistry from VirginiaMilitary Institute and master's in business ad­ministration from Harvard University. He is agraduate from the Command and General StaffCollege, Fort Leavenworth, Kans., and the ArmyWar College, Carlisle Barracks, Pa.

His decorations include the Legion of Merit --with Oak Leaf Cluster, Air Medal with two OakLeaf Clusters (OLC), and the Army Commenda-tion Medal with four OLC. Lt Col S. H. Bass Ir.

mies Technical Cooperation Program.The Defen e Development-Sharing

Program is "dedicated to joint devel­opment of materiel."

Under provisions of the November1963 joint agreement, as a follow-onamplification of the earlier DefenseProduction-Sharing Program, each ofthe U.S. Armed Forces can enter intocooperative developmental projectswith Canada in accordance with thefollowing criteria:

• Designed to meet a specificUnited State military requirement.

• Jointly funded by the U.S. andCanada (at least 25 percent by theU.S.).

• Performed by a Canadian primecontractor.

• Subject to United States designauthority.

U.S. Army Regulation 1-25, dated29 April 1964, states objectives of theDefense De elopment Sharing Pro­gram (DDSP):

• To assi t in maintaining theDDSP at a high level by making itpossible for Canadian firms to per­fbrm R&D undertaken to meet re­quirements of the U.S. Armed Forces.

• To bett r utilize the industrial,scientific and technical resources ofthe United States and Canada in theinterest of mutual defense.

• To make possible the standardiza­tion and interchangeability of a largeramount of the equipment necessaryfor the defense of the United Statesand Canada.

The Canadian prime contractor isjointly selected; the contract is nego­tiated betwe n the U.S. developmentalagency and the Canadian CommercialCorporation (CCC), a government­owned and operated agency. The CCCsigns a separate agreement with thecontractor a d acts on behalf of theU.S. in all future negotiations.

Responsibility for technical direc­tion and supervision of the projectrests with the U.S. developing agency.The Canadian Government assuresthe contract guarantee.

Six of the 20 projects undertakensince 1963 are now active and at leastthree additional projects are expectedto be negotiated soon.

Active projects include an air­transportable maintenance shop;Band IV head for AN/GRC-103 radiorelay set; meteorological research, de­velopment, testing and evaluationrocket; meteorological data soundingsystem rocket; tactical aircraft guid­ance ystem and Lance missile light­weight launcher.

Proposed projects include a dualsating and arming mechanism forrockets and uided missiles; recordingradiation monitor and automatic radi­ation alarm system; track for light­weight (10-15 tons gross weight) with

IULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 17

assistance of the Army Tank Automo­tive Command, Warren, Mich., andthe Mobility Equipment Research andDevelopment Laboratories, Fort Bel­voir, Va., in order to respond to thefeasibility questions posed by NASA'sOffice of Manned Space Flight.

The Army Test and EvaluationCommand, Aberdeen (Md.) ProvingGround and the Waterways Experi­ment Station, Vicksburg, Miss., alsocontributed pertinent information.

The Army Vehicle LunarizationStudy, released in April 1966, was de­scribed as, " ... a study conductedfor the purpose of determining if itwould be feasible to modify a currentmilitary cargo type vehicle to operatein the lunar environment ...."

Essentially, the lunarization studysubjected three modified versions of.the Mule model to levels of analysis.

Mod Level One delineated the mini­mum changes needed to provide theproposed lunar vehicle with a capabil­ity consistent with the study criteriaat a minimal cost.

Mod Level Two analyzed changesthat would provide somewhat bettermobility characteristics than the ModLevel One at a modest cost increase.

Mod Level Three described the de­sign with the highest level of per­formance feasible, with maximummodification logically possible whilestill retaining any portion of the basicMule structure.

Upon completion of the study, allthree levels of the Mule modificationwere judged feasible for a vehicle lu­narization process. The Mule could, itwas agreed, be modified as a lunarrOver capable of expanding the sur­face mobility of U.S. moon explorers.

The study report concluded thatwhile" ... a development program

ARTIST'S CONCEPT of astronauts driving Lunar Rover Vehicle on moon surface.

and the Office of the Chief of Engi­neers considered the lunar potentialof the lightweight, gas engine-pow­ered Mule--previously designed, de­veloped and employed for the supportof combat Infantry operations. ThegaEoline engine was replaced by bat­tery power for lunar use.

AMC and aCE leaders rallied the

prove its ability to perform satisfac­torily during all the operations andfunctions required for the lunar ex­cursion.

TA A quality a surance engineer BenIngels observes as Da id Burris, a pro­fessional "guinea pig," adju ts spacuit pressure before entering dust

chamber for tests at White Sands ( .Mex.) Missile Range. Suit pressure wasmaintained at 3.75 pound p..i. (grade)above normal sea level pre sure.

WSMR Tested Space Suit for Apollo 15 Astronauts

Army Vehicle Development Contributes to Rover Success on MoonWhen the lunar surface rover vehi­

cle was used for the first time in theApollo 15 moon mission in late July,the U.S. Army Corps of Engineerscould take pride in its contribution tothat "land mobility."

As far back as 1959, Army scien­tists projected the requirement for amobility system during future explo­ration of the moon. Harry N. LoweJr., chief of Corps of the EngineersExtraterrestial Research Agency, re­cently said the Army then recognizedthat "any meaningful exploration ofthe moon must make man mobile."

During the early and mid-sixties,the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration likewise cited the ur­gent need for a lunar rover. BecauseNASA's primary concern with pro­pulsion systems and spacecraft designwas rather divergent from its need toconstruct a terrestial mobile system,NASA requested the Army's assist­ance in developing a lunar rover.

Specifically, NASA requested theArmy to study the feasibility of con­verting an existing terrestial vehicle,the Army M-274 "Mule," into anefficient, dependable lunar system.

Consequently, a series of studies ledby the U.S. Army Materiel Command

Apollo 15 astronauts wore a newtype of space suit tested at WhiteSands (N. Mex.) Missile Range whenthey were launched July 26 for thefirst exploration of the moon's surfaceusing the land rover vehicle.

Mobility and ease of movement arethe advantages of the new suit, devel­oped for NASA by ILC Industries.For the first time, the suit permitsthe astronauts to bend from the kneesand at the waist, providing for morenatural movement and the flexibilitynecessary to ride the moon rover.

Tests on the suit were conducted inthe WSMR 64-square-foot dust cham­ber to determine dust interference tomobility. Four 30-minute sessions ofmobility exercises were performed inthe chamber. After each, the suit wasexamined thoroughly for frameworkhinge malfunction, or damage to theouter fabric caused by blowing dust.

Dust used was actWl.lly over 200pounds of pulverized 140 mesh silica"flour," circulated by a P-51 aircraftpropeller, driven by a 75-horsepowerelectric motor.

White Sands was selected for thisphase of testing for its low humidity,but the proj ect was delayed in its testphase at WSMR because of unusuallyhigh humidity. The suit was also sub­jected to rigorous testing elsewhere to

18 AmlY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS J\IAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

Aberdeen Proving Ground Participating in PME Program

Three internationally known speak­ers have accepted invitations to ad­dress a Symposium on Air Pollution,Turbulence and Diffusion, Dec. 7-9, atNew Mexico State University.

They are Dr. Frank Pasquill, Bri­tish Meteorological Office, Dr. NielsBush, Danish Atomic Energy Com­mission, and Dr. Werner Klug, Insti­tute for Meteorology, Darmstadt, Ger­many. Noted American speakers willinclude Dr. W. C. Sinbank, NationalCenter for Atmospheric Research, andDr. Charles Hosler, Dean, School ofMineral Industries, PennsylvaniaState University.

Symposium organizers include per­sonnel of the Atmospheric SciencesLaboratory, U.S. Army ElectronicsCommand, at White Sands (N. Mex.)Missile Range, the Sandia Laborato­ries at Albuquerque, N. Mex., thePhysical Sciences Laboratory at NewMexico State University, and theSocial Services Department, State ofNew Mexico.

Topics of technical papers will in­clude: the theory of turbulence andthe boundary layer with emphasis onshort range diffusion prediction meth­ods; intermediate- and long-rangeprediction methods (mesoscale phe~

nomena) ; meteorology in air re­sources management; pollution effectson climate and eco-systems; and in­strumentation techniques includingremote sensing in the atmosphere.

For each of the topics discussed,the symposium planners have invitedreview papers for the delegates' con­sideration. Additional papers willtreat other facets of the scientific dis­ciplines involved, including legal as­pects of pOllution, thermal pollutionand water pollution.

U.S. Army agencies expected tomake substantial contributions to thesymposium include the ElectronicsCommand, Munitions Command, Mis­sile Command and the Test and Eval­uation Command. The Air Force andNavy also will be actively involved.

Marvin Diamond, technical directorof the Atmospheric Sciences Labora­tory, sees the prime purpose of thesymposium as an international ex­change of current research knowledgepertinent to pollution prediction, con­trol and prevention.

The worldwide treatment of pollu­tion problems is expected to be ofgeneral public interest, in that pollu­tion control procedures to be exploredmay well have significant nonmilitaryapplications in the current ecologicalimprovement activities.

Symposium on Air PollutionScheduled Dec. 7-9 at NMSU

systems and automotive design.The electric-powered, 460-pound

lunar vehicle was designed for a max­imum speed of 10 miles per hour.Particularly useful in the astronauts'exploratory missions was the rover'srear storage area, capable of holdingthe 200 pounds of rock samples col­lected by Scott and Irwin, duringthree rover expeditions. The 4-wheel,2-seater vehicle, with steering powerin aU four wheels, offered an unusualpush-button drive system, as a steer­ing wheel alternative.

CDC Seeks Whirlpool SystemTo Aid Frost-Injured Soldiers

A Cold Injury Rewarming andTreatment System is being consideredby the U.S. Army Combat Develop­ments Command (CDC), Fort Belvoir,Va., to provide almost immediate aidto frost-injured soldiers.

The concept is that a hospital-typewhirlpool warmine; bath will be in theBattalion Aid Station to start re­warming and massage of frozen ex­tremities immediately, to avoid fur­ther injury or infection. A CDC­directed study, "Medical Operations inNorthern Area," showed that waterwarms human flesh four times fasterthan does air.

CDC seeks a system capable of cir­culating water in a tank at a steady104 0 F., with pressure temperaturecontrols, "Fair-safe," and alarm sys­tems. The empty tank, heater and alldevices should not weigh more than 10pounds, with most of it fitting into a3-cubic-foot suitcase.

Aberdeen Proving Ground will participate in a "Personnel Management forExecutives" (PME) program beginning this October.

John A. temberg, chief of the Training and Development Division atAberdeen, has been named program coordinator for the District of Columbia­Virginia-Maryland Region PME program.

In accordance with the guidelines of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Personnelof the Army, he will conduct the first of the courses Oct. 13-22 in Washington,D.C. Additional classes are planned for Dec. 1-10, 1971; March 1-10, 1972; andMay 3-12, 1972.

Since its initiation in 1954, the program has evoked the participation of morethan 20,000 military and civilian executives.

Designed to improve the capabilities of Army executives in the managementof human resources, the PME classes are not courses of instruction, in thetraditional sense.

Rather, PME learning activities include gen­eral sessions with speakers from government,industry and educational institutions. Individ­ual study, selected reading in the field of man­a~ement, ca e studies, problem-!::olving exer­cises and management personnel role-playingare among the educational techniques utilized.

The PME is designed for top levels of man­agement-military and civilian-and is essen­tially limited to "field grade" (GS-12 andabove). First preference is given to nomineeswho are senior officers, military and civilian,particularly commanding officers, division andbranch chiefs, key personnel and staff officers. John A. Sternberg

for a lunar surface vehicle by a modi­fication route is practical and feasible. . . the use of anyone particularterrestial vehicle as the modificationdeparture vehicle does not appear,however, to be the best answer.Rather, the program would be bestattempted by a vehicle concept syn­thesis of systems and components."

The program feasibility analysisfurther explained that this synthesiswould ideally utilize, to the fullest ex­tent, systems and components alreadydeveloped or under development forterrestial cross-country vehicles; themodification process would then beapplied to lunarize these systems andcomponents.

The suggested synthesis-modifica­tion program of lunar vehicle develop­ment, it was estimated, would costclose to that of the third-order modi­fied Mule vehicle ($21.1 million).

Acting on the considered advicepresented in the Army vehicle lunari­zation study, NASA subsequentlysigned with independent contractorsfor construction of the three lunarrovers now ill existence.

While Lowe acknowledges "strikingsimilarities between the lunar roverand the modified Mule," he was quickto emphasize the "continuing solidcontribution" of all the U.S. ArmedForces to the national space effort.

Citing past space explorationachievements as an integrated civilianand military effort, Lowe attributesthe development of the lunar rover tothe "best minds" in astronautical en­gineering, space environment, power

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE 19

R&D OFFICER PROGRAMPromotion and Selection Statistics

R&D OFFICER PROGRAMEducation Levels

%100908070605040302010o

COL

IlllIIIIIIIIIIIPROGRAMMEMBERS

LTC SSC

~OPD AVERAGE

0/0100908070605040302010o

BAC ORHIGHER

eEL

MS DEGREEOR HIGHER

PROGRAMMEMBERS

MEL

CGSC/AFSCOR

EOUIVALENT~OPD AVERAGE

Program Offers Advancement Opportunities to Career OfficersFilled entirely by volunteers since

its establishment in 1955, the R&DOfficer Program presents an opportu­nity to a select group of highly moti­vated Army officers to contribute tobuilding a better future Army.

Through demonstrated performanceand educational achievement, partici­pants in this special career field canadvance progressively to research:>anddevelopment positions at the highestlevels of responsibility.

Officers inclined towards an R&Dcareer are enabled, by explicit design,to develop an additional skill by par­ticipating in the R&D Officer Pro­gram without leaving their ba8icbranch.

Repetitive R&D assignments andeducational advances in the programenhance an officer's basic branch qual­ifications and ultimate value to theArmy. Quite logically, the officer bestsuited to perform the vital ta~ks inthe RDT&E jobs of the Army's devel­oping agencies is an officer who pos­sesses keen knowledge and broad ex­perience in the doctrine and materielof his basic branch.

Only at the highest level are thefunctional aspects of R&D affordedequal importance with the technicalbase of knowledge and experience inan officer's basic branch or commodityorientation.

As an R&D Officer Program mem­ber, a participant must compete withhis branch contemporaries for promo­tion and advanced military and civil­ian schooling. Statistics show that 98percent of enrollees have a bachelor'sdegree or higher as compared to an

over-all Officer Personnel Directorate(OPD) average of 60 percent. Sixty­eight percent have a master's degreeor higher compared to an OPD aver­age of eight percent.

Seventy-two percent of programmembers, who are or have been eligi­ble for Jlelection, are graduates of theCommand and General Staff College,the Armed Forces Staff College orhave equivalent schooling versus a 40percent Army average.

Senior Service College attendanceof R&D Officer Program members ismore than double the Army average-23 percent versus 11 percent.

Based upon cumulative figures since1966, the first-consideration promotionrates for R&D program membersexceed the Army promotion list aver­age-60 versus 48 percent to coloneland 89 versus 80 percent to lieutenantcolonel.

Program membership does not auto­matically assure advanced militaryand civilian schooling or promotionahead of one's contemporaries. Per­formance effectiveness and personalinitiative remain the key factors incareer progression.

With respect to assignments anddetailed career management of pro­gram members, Army Regulation615-134 clearly assigns the responsi­bility for such action to the Office ofPersonnel Operations, OPO's SpecialCareer Branch has until recently hada limited capability to obtain the datanecessary to anticipate problems inthe utilization of program members.

Successful completion of testing ofa management tool called "The Auto-

mated Work Force Information Sys­tem" now provides program monitorsand managers with a complete listingof R&D officer program members. In­formation readily available includestheir military and civilian educationlevels, current assignment (includingdate of assignment) and each mem­ber's previous 10 job assignments.

The system is specifically designedto anticipate impending under-utiliza­tion or over-utilization; it al~o ena­bles OPO to determine training defi­ciencies of program members.

Career branches are currentlybeing advised of specific cases of im­proper utilization of program mem­bers and are being requested to takecorrective action. Program membersare encouraged to correspond directlywith the Special Career Branch ofOPO, ATTN: OPDAA, and with theirbasic branch concerning individualcareer management problems.

The R&D Officer Program had 781officers enrolled as of 31 July 1971. Abreakout by grade shows 214 colonels,296 lieutenant colonels, 241 majorsand 30 captains. The Ordnance Corpshas the largest number of memberswith 174 followed closely by Field Ar­tillery with 138.

A further break-out shows 79 inAir Defense--25 colonels, 32 lieuten­ant colonels, 14 majors, 8 captains; 49in Armor-21 colonels, 19 lieutenantcolonels, 8 majors, 1 captain; 61 inCorps of Engineers-16 colonels, 18lieutenant colonels, 26 majors, 1 cap­tain; 86 in Chemical Corps-12 colo­nels, 31 lieutenant colonels, 36 majors,8 captains; 138 in Field Artillery-46

20 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE JULY·AUG, 1971

Schrader Succeeds Reed as USACSC Commander

Edgewood Accepts $2.8 Million Computer Systementific and engineering personnel tofeed their inquiries into the systemand receive fast solutions to problemswithout leaving their work areas.

The system is being used in s()lutionof complex problems in chemistry,physics, biophysics, biochemistry, ap­plied mathematics and statistics, toxi­cological experimentation, operationsresearch, and a wide range of the en­gineering disciplines.

Five memory drums in the com­puter have a total capacity of 270million characters of information,with the main memory bank having acapacity of 98,000 words. Other stor­age is in four magnetic tape units.Two high-speed printers, a cardreader and card pUTllCh are included inthe system.

Key management information sys­tems personnel from the Army Mate­riel Command, Munitions Command,directorate and office chiefs from thearsenal, and tenant activities andUnivac officials participated in thededication.

heavily engaged in the design and de­velopment of tactical systems to pro­vide accurate data to the commanderon the battlefield.

General Schrader served as directorof Management Information Systems,Office of the Assistant Vice Chief ofStaff, for 2* years, and was respon­sible for the extensive study that re­sulted in establishment of theUSACSC. He later commanded the18th Engineer Brigade in Vietnam.

Included in his service record areassignments as chief, Systems Analy­sis Group in the Office of the Chief ofStaff, and in key positions· in R&D atHQ CONARC, HQ U.S. Army Mate­riel Command, and at the U.S. AtomicEnergy Commission.

General Schrader received his BSand MS degrees in civil engiMeringat the University of Illinois. He is agraduate from the Command andGeneral Staff College and the In­dustrial College of the Armed Forces.

Among his awards and decorationsare the Distinguished Service Medal,Legion of Merit with three OLC, Ail'Medal (fourth award), Army Com­mendation Medal with OLC, Vietnam­ese Cross of Gallantry, Award ofGuard (Russian), Ordem Do MeritoMilitar (Brazilian), and ROK Presi­dential Citation.

General Schrader is a member ofthe American Society of Civil Engi­neers (Fellow), National Society ofProfessional Engineers, and the So­ciety of American Military Engineers.

Inauguration of a $2.8 million sci­entific and engineering computer sys­tem serving six research, developmentand testing activities at the U.S.Army's Edgewood (Md.) Arsenal waseffected July 1.

Arsenal Commander Col George W.Connell Jr. presided at dedication cer­emonies during which he formallyaccepted the Univac 1108 third-gener­ation computer from S. Grady Put­nam Jr., vice president of field opera­tions for federal systems, Univac Di­vision of Sperry Rand Corp.

The central processor and mainstorage units of the computer are inBuilding 5234. Terminal module con­trollers and teletype remote terminalsare in the Research Laboratories,Weapons Development and Engineer­ing Laboratories, Defense Develop­ment and Engineering Laboratories,Army Munitions Command Opera­tions Re earch Group, Army Environ­mental HygieM Agency, and SystemsAnalysis Office.

The terminal network permits sci-

Maj Gen Henry C. Schrader

Maj Gen Henry C. Schrader tookcommand of the U.S. Army ComputerSystems Command (USACSC), July30, at Fort Belvoir, Va., succeedingBrig Gen Wilson R. Reed, who retireda.::ter 30 years active service.

General Reed was assigned to FortBelvoir in October 1967 as commanderof the Automatic Data Field SystemsCommand (ADFSC), which becamethe nucleus of the USACSC when itwas established in March 1969.

Under his command, the USACSCestablished operational ADP systemsthat provide personnel, logistical andfinancial support to commanders atall echelons of command throughoutthe Continental United States, Eu­rope and Southeast Asia.

Additionally, the command has been

colonel , 53 lieutenant colonels, 39 ma­jors; 75 in Infantry-38 colonels, 27lieutenant colonels, 7 majors, 3 cap-tains; .

Also, Military Intelligence, 1 lieu­tenant colonel, 1 maj or; 174 in Ord­nance Corps-34 colonels, 54 lieuten­ant colonels, 79 majors, 7 captains; 17in Quarter-master Corps-3 colonels, 8lieutenant colonels, 5 majors, 1 cap­tain; 62 in Signal Corps-12 colonels,32 lieutenant colonels, 18 majors, 1captain; 36 in Transportation Corps-7 colonels, 21 lieutenant colonels, 8majors.

The Army's R&D mission, a pro­gram supervisor emphasized, will beachieved best by a corps of officerswho combine specialized skill with theability to perform a variety of mili­tary duties. Consequently, the pro:gram must preserve a broad, branch­immaterial orientation, with rela­tively easy and repetitive access toR&D assignments available to se­lected, highly qualified officers.Needed technical skills must be devel­oped to the highest level consistentwith a parallel development of eachofficer's ability to lead and manage.

This is the rationale, the challengeand the opportunity of the R&DOfficer Program, a proved avenue ofcareer success for an elitely selectgroup through demonstrated perform­ance in planned assignments.

Army Studies New MaterialsFor Shatterproof Eyeglasses

Materials that may serve satisfac­torily as "spectacle substitutes" forsoldiers expo ed to the threat of eyedamage from broken lenses, whileworking with sophisticated surveil­lance, target and other devices, arebeing studied by the Army.

The U.S. Army Combat Develop­ments Command, headquartered atFort Belvoir, Va., has issued a pro­posal for "soft" lenses that will notshatter when used by soldiers whomust wear eyeglasses under abnor­mally hazardous conditions.

Existing flexible silicone rubher len­ses are being considered to meet therequirements. Preliminary studies in­dicate they meet many of the requiredcharacteristics such as safety, com­fort, stability and satisfactory per­formance for a minimum of five daysin a military environment, the CDCreports.

Data collected in CDC studies showthat some 35 percent of U.S. soldierswear eyeglasses (26 percent came intothe Army wearing them). The sur­veys also produced a list of 92 opticalsights and devices that a soldier withglasses ntay be required to operate.

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 21

Col William A. Walker

July 1969 as commanding officer ofPicatinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J.

As commander of Picatinny Arse­nal, Col Walker supervised approxi­mately 7,COO civilian and militarypersonnel, including about 2,000 scie~

tists and engineers. The Arsenal'sammunition responsibilities encom-

raj Gen John G. Appel

Chief of Staff for Logistics, DA(1969-70), subsequent to duty as com­manding general, Deseret TestCenter, Fort Douglas, Utah.

Following an assignment in the G3Section, Eighth U.S. Army, Korea(1965), he was chief, Plans andPolicy Division, CBR-Nuclear Opera-

Key positions are designated by HQDepartment of the Army in coordina­tion with the commanders of agenciesconcerned. Listed in AR 614-131, theyhave recently been reviewed and up­dated. Most key positions require as­signn1ents of colonels; the remainderare lieutenant colonels.

Currently, there are 69 key posi­tions, representing some of the mostimportant assignments in the Depart­ment of Defen3e.

Key positions normally are filled byAE officers who have had experiencein varying AE positions to give thembalanced qualifications for top leader­ship respon ibility. The AE positionsare designated by commanders andagency heads without reference to HQDepartment of the Army.

Currently typical of a long line ofofficers who have held progressivelyresponsible AE positions and respon­sibility within the Department of De­fense are Col William A. Walker, ColJohn E. DiGrazia Jr., Col Arthur V.Corley, and Lt Col JObn E. Schweizer.

GENERAL APPEL, as head ofthe Cnemical and uclear OperationsDirectorate, OACSFOR, is the princi­pal adviser on nuclear matters, chemi­cal, radiological and biological re­search to the Department of theArmy. He is a member of the MilitaryLiaison Committee of the Atomic En­ergy Commission, and an executivemember of the Technical CooperationProgram of the Chemical-BiologicalQuadripartite Organization.

His career record shows service asdirector of Plans, Office of the Deputy

Atomic Energy Officer Program Actions Advance Membershiptions Directorate, OACSFOR, andlater deputy head of the directorate.

General Appel served (1962-64) ascommander of the U.S. Army PineBluff (Ark.) Arsenal. He also at­tended the Management Program forExecutives conducted by the Univer­sity of Pittsburgh Graduate School ofBusiness, and was designated anArmy logistician.

Other major assignments have in­cluded: CO of the U.S. Army Chemi­cal Procurement District, New York,N.Y. (1957-58); chemical officer, U.S.Army Caribbean, Canal Zone(1954-57); deputy chief, R&D Divi­sion, Office of the Chief Chemical Of­ficer, Washington, D.C. (1951-54);staff officer, Plans and Policy Office,Research and Engineering Division,Field Office, Office of the Chief Chem­ical Officer, Edgewood Arsenal, Md.(1947-51).

General Appel has a BS degree inchemical engmeering from Rose Poly­technic Institute, Terre Haute, Ind.(1941). He completed the Army Com­mand and General Staff College(C&GSC) at Fort Leavenworth,Kans. (1946); the Chemical CorpsSchool, Edgewood Ar enal, Md.(1948): the Air Command and StaffSchool, Maxwell AFB, Ala. (1948);the Armed Forces taff College, Nor­folk, Va. (1958); and the Army WarCollege (AWC), Carlisle Barracks,Pa. (1962).

COL WILLIAM A. WALKER, acharter member of the AE OfficerProgram, recently was assigned toVietnam, following assignment since

Membership in the U.S. ArmyAtomic Energy Officer Program hasbeen stimulated greatly in recentmonths by actions to enhance this im­portant career field, in which manyparticipants have achieved top leader­ship positions.

Oldest of the U.S. Army's 11 careerofficer specialty fields, the AE OfficerProgram was established in 1953. Itwas followed two years later by theResearch and Development OfficerProgram, with which it was longmerged.

Passage of 18 years has producedmany policy changes that have ad­vanced the original goal of developinga professional corps of officers skilledin areas of R&D, operations, doctrinedevelopment, training and logisticspertaining to atomic energy.

The program now has the highestmembership it has had in six years,with 211 officers enrolled. The Officeof Personnel Operations (OPO), HQDA, has established a goal of 240 of­ficers.

To insure a proper utilization ofAE personnel, the appropriate OPOcareer branch now consults the Spe­cialist Branch each time an assign­ment is made for an AE officer.

Through the new Automated WorkForce Information System, the branchis able to maintain control that as­sures assignments of progressive re­sponsibility for career training anddevelopment consistent with the pro­fessional AE corps objectives.

The AE Officer Program Consult­ant Board also is conducting a pro­gram, in conjunction with the majorArmy commands, to refine the re­quirements for AE personnel-insur­ing that AE officers are assigned tojobs that require their special skills.

Maj Gen John G. Appel, directorof the Chemical and Nuclear Opera­tions Directorate, Office of the Assist­ant Chief of Staff for Force Develop­ment (OACSFOR), DA, is chairmanof the AE Officer Program ConsultantBoard.

Backed by special qualifications inengineering and the physical sciences,AE program participanJts are givenopportunities to serve in civilian labo­ratories, military research facilities,military development and test boards,and in technical supervisory jobsthroughout the Defense Department.

Based upon proved prcficiency asthey climb the career ladder in theirareas of expertise, program enrolleesare selected for key positions involv­ing a high degree of responsibilityand authority in nuclear operationsand policy matters.

22 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

pass the research and engineeringfunctions required for design, devel­opment, production, maintenance andtechnical support of Class V items.

Other ammunition assignmentshave includ d adapting nuclear war­heads to Army delivery systems; op­eration of pilot plant facilities forfabrication and assembly of missionitems; procurement of all Army nu­clear munitions and designated con­ventional munitions; and operation ofthe Army Explosive Ordnance Dis­posal Center. The commander also su­pervises the operation of the DoDPlastics Technical Evaluation Center.

Col Walker graduated from theU.S. Military Academy (USMA) in1945 and rcceived an MS degree inphysics from the University of Vir­ginia in 1950. He also has completedthe Infantry Officers' AdvancedCourse, the C&GSC and the AWC.

He recently served as Army mili­tary representative to the Assistantto the Secretary of Defense forAtomic Energy. Prior to an assign­ment as a staff officer in the Nuclear,Chemical and Biological Division,Office of the Chief of R&D (1964-65),he commanded the 83d Ordnance Bat­talion in Korea.

Other assignments have included atour at Aberdeen (Md.) ProvingGround; with the Office of SpecialWeapons Developments, Fort Bliss,Tex.; and staff officer, OACSFOR.

COL JOHN E. DiGRAZIA JR.completed a key position as assistantto the Assistant to the Secretary ofDefense for Atomic Energy, prior tohis recent assignment to Vietnam. Healso served recently as secretary, AEOfficer Program Consultant Board.

':".~"•.':l· ~~. -'. ~ .. -

rt~. I~ ..

'f' •,I

Col John E. DiGrazia Jr.

Since graduating from the USMAin 1950, Col DiGrazia has completedthe Army Artie Indoctrination School,Ordnance officer basic and careercourses, the Nuclear SupervisorCourse, and the C&GSC.

He served 2% years with the Nu­clear Division, Chemical and NuclearOperations Directorate, OACSFOR,was assigned to the Nuclear Policy

subsequent to duty (1966-68) as com­mander of the 101st Ordnance Battal­ion in Germany.

His OACSFOR duties induded gen­eral staff supervision of the Armynuclear weapons surety program.

Col DiGrazzia's interest in the mili­tary application of atomic energy wasprompted by an assignment as an in­structor to Field Command, DefenseAtomic Support Agency in 1954.

During his service with DASA, heserved on the Weapons OrientationAdvanced Team that conducted brief­ings world\vide for DoD officials atsenior service colleges in the U.S. andat major headquarters overseas.

He has served as commander ofTUSLOG Detachment 57, Turkey;ammunition officer, HQ First U.S.Army; chief, Ammunition Branch,Ordnance Section, and chief, Muni­tions Division, G4 Section, HQ Sev­enth U.S. Army.

COL ARTHUR V. CORLEY wasassigned recently to Vietnam uponcompletion of an assignment as chief,Nuclear Division, Chemical and Nu­clear Operations Directorate, Office,Assistant Chief of Staff for ForceDevelopment.

In this key position, Col Corley wasresponsible for qualitative require­ments for nuclear weapons, the Armynuclear weapon surety program, andoperational capability objectives. Heserved as alternate Army member ofthe Military Liaison Committee to theAtomic Energy Commission and wasa member of the AE Officer ProgramConsultant Board.

Prior to his OACSFOR assignment,he commanded the 16th General Sup­port Group at Fort Benning, Ga. He

Col Arthur V. Corley

Branch, War Plans Division, Office ofthe Deputy Chief of Staff for Mili­tary Operations (1964-67).

Col Corley commanded the 5th Mis­sile Battalion (Lacrosse), 39th Artil­lery at Bamberg, Germany, followingan assignment with the TechnicalInspections Branch, Inspector GeneralDivision, HQ U.S. Army Europe.

Upon completing the Artillery Ad-

vanced Course in 1954, he was an in­structor at the Artillery School forthe Honest John rocket, 280mm gun,8-inch howitzer, Corporal missile, La­crosse and associated warheads.

During the Korean War, he wascommunication officer of the 45th Di­vision Artillery. In 1952, he assumedcommand of the 140th field ArtilleryBattalion at Camp Polk, La. He hasparticipated in campaigns in Sicily,Italy and Southern France.

LT COL JOHN E. SCHWEIZERwas assigned to the Office of the JointChiefs of Staff in an atomic energyposition after graduating from theArmy War College. Meanwhile, hecompleted studies for an MS degreefrom Shippensburg State College, Pa.

A 1951 alumnus of the USMA, heis a graduate of the Engineer officerbasic and advanced c()urses and theC&GSC. He has an MS degree in civilengineering from the MassachusettsInstitute of Technology and has donegraduate work in nuclear engineeringat the University of California,Berkeley, and Argonne National Lab.

Prior to entering the AWC, he waswith the Nuclear Division, Chemicaland Nuclear Operations Directorate,OACSFOR. There he was responsiblefor establishment of qualitative re­quirements for atomic demolition mu­nitions and other nuclear weapons.

He was technical operations officer,Atomic Energy Commission, Chicago(1957-59), responsible for develop­ment, design and construction of nu­clear reactors.

Other assignments have includedS-2 and communications officer, 13thEngineer Battalion, Korea; physicsinstructor, U.S. Military Academy;

Lt Col John E. Schweizer

assistant division engineer, 3d Infan­try Division, Germany; chief, Opera­tions Branch, Engineer Division,CENTAG; and deputy director, U.S.Army Engineer Reactors Group.

Lt Col Schweizer commanded the168th Engineer Battalion (Combat)and served as deputy engineer, IIField Force in Vietnam (1968-69).

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZI E 23

AFIP Serves Nation Through Consultation, Education, ResearchVastly dispersed and varied pathol­

ogy research interests, a new $7.5million medical museum, and involve­ment in creating as well as preserv­ing medical history, are linked to theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology(AFIP) in Washington, D..C

Serving U.S. federal and foreigngovernments, as well as civilian or­ganizations throughout the nation,AFIP has a 3-fold mission of consult­ation, education and research. Laserresearch, to study the effects of pro­longed exposure of the retina to lowintensity of CW (Continued Wave)laser beams, is one of the currentlyimportant AFIP projects.

Due to the increasingly popular useof the laser for military, industrial,scientific and medical purposes, asafety standard to define the thresh­old level for eye injury in operationsis of high-priority concern.

Basic studies at the AFIP assistthe Joint Laser Safety Team of theArmy Surgeon General and the ArmyMateriel Command in evaluatinglaser hazards. Results are used by theArmy Environmental Health Agencyto establish safe operating standards.

The eye is most immediately vul­nerable to laser damage. In the ret­ina, an opthalmoscopically visible le­sion has been adopted as the endpoint for recognition of thresholddamage by most researchers.

The AFIP histopathological studyof these lesions in the acute stage hasshown definite damage to the photore­ceptor cells and the retinal pigmentepithelium. The previous concept heldthat the photoreceptor cells, which areneuronal cells, were not capable ofrecovery following laser injury.

Through detailed studies, Drs.Mark Ts'o, Lorenz E. Zimmerman,James O. Powell and Ingolf Wallowhave demonstrated the capacity forregeneration of the photoreceptor ele­ments following photic damage.. As istrue in the case of eclipse burns, theradiant energy is focused on the ret­ina, producing a clinical loss of visualacuity. In time, regeneration accom­panied by a restoration of function isobserved.

In follow-up experiments to docu­ment initial destruction of the photo­receptor elements and to determinethe subsequent fate of these cells, ithas been determined that, structur­ally, these cells may survive and rege­nerate; the functional state remainsto be more definitely defined.

The scientists have differentiatedbetween temporary disability due toreversible damage of photoreceptor el-

Col Robert W. Morrissey

ements, and permanent disability dueto the death of photoreceptor cells.Further study, however, is required toestablish differences in regenerationcapacities between rod and cone cells-between photoreceptors of the foveaand those of the remainder of the ret­ina.

Light and electron microscopy arebeing used in studies of the effects oflaser exposure of varying intensityand duration to photoreceptor cells.Major Ts'o will present a technicalreport on results of the research inSeptember at the American Academyof Opthamology and Otolaryngologyconference. Attendance of about 3,000is expected at the Las Vegas, Nev.,meeting.

Research in aoother AFIP division,Geographic Pathology, is focusing a.large proportion of effort in investi­gating diseases of tropical Africa. Dr.Daniel H. Connor, chief of the divi­sion, termed that area one of the"neglected parts of the world." Conse­quently, it provides an opportunity tostudy the processes and treatment ofdiseases unclouded by other forms oftreatment or antimicrobial agents.

Geographic pathology research alsocontinues in other parts of the world.Louse-born relapsing fever is beingstudied in Ethiopia by Maj RonaldGillum, MC, at an AFIP permanentunit.

Maj Ernest E. McConnel, VC, isassigned to the Onderstepoort MedicalResearch Institute in South Africa

Dr. Dan Connor

where he is doing research on zoonos­es--those diseases of animals whichalso afflict man.

Baboons, which bave become impor­tant animals for research in thiscountry because of their human-likecharacteristics, are the subject of thisRepublic of South African study.

Lt Col Myron Radke, chief of micro­biology in the Geographic PathologyDivision, is producing filarial infec­tions in experimental animals and itis hoped that these investigative infec­tions will shed light on the mechanismof human filiariasis. Dr James Connorrecently studied patients with oncho­cerciasis in the Ubangi territory. Hefound that some patients had obstruc­tive lymphadenitis caused by the mi­crotiliariae of Ovolvulus and that se­vere elephantiasis resulted.

Lt Col John K. Read, chief of Mi­crobiology in the Geographic Pathol­ogy Division has defined a toxic sub­stance in bacterium that inflicts Afri­cans and others in tropical climatesby causing large debilitating u.lcers.The mechanism by which the ulcersare produced bas never been success­fully analyzed, but discovery of thetoxin is the first step, The organismsare related to those that cause tuber­culosis and leprosy.

Future hopes of the di.visiol'lJ includeestablishment of a field unit Or re­search station in the Democratic Re­public of the Congo. The intent is tostudy tropical diseases as they existin the Congo, and to provide profes­sional people with experience in tropi­cal diseases.

Rulers of the Congo, a country ofone million square miles with medicalcare centered in the capitol, Kinshasa,favor the research program in con­junction with medical care for thepeople.

Studies helpful to American under­standing of tropical diseases, or Con­golese treatment, are only part of thegeographic pathology investigationsof vector-born epidemic diseases, orthose with an unknown potential forcontagion that may jeopardize a mili­tary campaign.

Investigations in Geographic Path­ology, and in General and SpecialPathology Division "C," which in­cludes opthamology, are comple­mented in similarly far-ranging activ­ities of the other eight divisionswithin the AFIP Department rA.Pathology.

The organization includes threeother separate divisions of Generaland Special Pathology; also, divisionsfor Basic Sciences, Military Environ-

24 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS J\1AGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

CO :lPUTER Services Division stores case information for the AFIP.

mental Pathology, Dental and OralPathology, Veterinary Pathology, andRadiopathology.

The AFIP has a Special Assistantfor Veterans Administration Pathol­ogy, a Spechll Assistant fo~ PublicHealth Service Pathology, a well­staffed and equipped Computer Serv­ices Division, Management ServicesDivision and other support elements.

Hou ed in a beautiful and recentlyopened new wing of the AFIP build­ing is the Medical Museum, the oldestof the institute's organizational ele­ments and actually the original nu­cleus of its continuing growth.

Founded in 1862, the museum stillemphasizes its original purpose of ed­ucating by displaying specimens illus­trating all phases of military medi­cine and surgery. The specimens arerepresentative ()f all U.S. militaryhistory and wars in many parts ofthe world. The museum loans exhibitsor artifacts, and works with otheragencies and museums.

Less than 10 percent of the entirecollection, according to Miss HelenPurtle, assistant curator, is on ex­hibit, with the exception ()f the mu­seum's most famous display, that is,microscopes. pproximately one-thirdof the world's largest collection of mi­croscopes is open to the public.

That collection began with JohnShaw Billings, an early curator, whohired an Englishman to search Eu­rope for antique microscopes. Thefirst shipment of 17 arrived in 1884.Shopping has continued, and 90 in­struments of the early eighteenth cen­tury were bought from Holland in1967.

Electron microscopes figure in thecollection's progression. A Siemenelectron microscope confiscated by theU.S. Army Signal Corps followingWorld War ] I was operated at FortMonmouth, N.J., until brought to themuseum in 1955.

Displayed also is the first U.S.­made electron microscope, fromColumbian Carbon and Carbide Co.,which never went into production. Itstands beside the first commerciallymade electron microscope, owned byLoyola University when on exhibitthree years ago at a Chicago medicalmeeting. A few others are in storagebut size and weight (up to eight feetand one ton) limit storageability.

The new museum has several halls,including one for current events, anda Brinton Hall of History which wasinstalled in July. A great deal of de­sign and artwork for the museum wasdone by Colin Thompson, special as­sistant to the chief of Medical Illus­tration Service for Museum Design(MISMD).

The MISMD is one of the largeAFP departments. Each year, about250,000 photographic items are pro­duced, 6,400 illustrations prepared,3,000 motion pictures and 2,500 lan­tern slide sets loaned. More than 350scientific exhibits constructed an­nually and displayed at national andinternational meetings since 1947 havewon more than 186 awards.

Each of the Armed Forces sharesin prOViding the AFIP director. AnArmy, Navy, or Air Force SurgeonGeneral serves for a normal tenure offour years. Deputy directors are sen­ior pathologists from each of' the twomilitary departments not representedby the director.

Col Robert W. Morrissey succeededCapt Bruce Smith as Director in July.Deputy Director since 1969, Col Mor­rissey has served at three of the larg­est Air Force hospitals as chief, De­partment of Pathology-Wilford HallUSAF Medical Center, LacklandAFB, Texas (1965-69); Wiesbaden,Germany (1963-65); and MaxwellAFB, Alabama (1956-63).

A 1948 Albany Medical Collegegraduate, he also received a master's

degree in biochemistry from the Uni­versity of Iowa. The new director is aFellow, College of American Patholo­gists, and the American Society ofClinical Pathologists. He is a memberof the American Medical Association,Air For<.-a Association, AerospaceMedical Association and Associationof Military Surgeons.

U.S. Army Col James L. Hansen,MC, continues as a deputy directorand Capt William A. Schrader is theNavy Deputy Director. The Instituteis subject to the authority of the Sec­retary of Defense.

Located in an atomic-blast-resistantbuilding, with the walls facing down­town Washington made of 26-inchthick, steel-reinforced concrete, theInstitute carries out its threefold mis­sion of consultation, education and re­search.

Pooled information and computer­ized cases contribute to the advancedconsultation service at AFIP. An­nually, over 50,000 cases, carefully se­lected from worldwide histopathologycenters, are sent to the institute. Thecomputer can provide 7,000 casesdaily for a consultation----drawn froma repository of about 1,400,000 cases,with samples of almost every knownpathological condition.

Educational "in-house" training in­cludes residency and fellowship pro­grams, annual postgraduate coursesfor physicians, technical courses, andindividualized training. More than180 foreign nationals annually jointhe American students for these pro­grams.

In additiollJ, the AFIP conducts anextensive mail-order training pro­gram. Motion picture films, gross tis­sue sets, lantern slide sets, micro­scopic slide sets, clinical-pathologicconferences, and film strips are avail­able for short-term loans. AFIP pub­lications may be loaned or purchased.

Research efforts at the institute in­volve about 230 projects, approxi­mately 65 of which are supported byother agencies or foundations. Activi­ties vary from simple statistical anal­yses or groups of cases to highly com­plex projects involving advanced in­strumentation.

All AFIP organizational elementsare concerned with carrying out thethreefold mission through worldwidecommitment.

The late President Dwight D. Ei­senhower suggested this role at the1956 dedication of the AFIP buildingwhen he said:

"I dedicate this building to the con­quest of disease so that mankind,more safe and secure in body, maymore surely advance to a widelyshared prosperity and an enduringand just peace."

J LY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE 25

Aberdeen Proving Ground Absorbs Edgewood Arsenal Functions

VALUE ENGI EERI G Division projects at Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J.,accounted for more than 13 million validated savings for FY's 71-73. HaroldKruger and Vincent Baldanze (at left) performed a study with Aaron Voglerthat resulted in redesign of the safety clip for 1\167 and M69 grenades, withfirst-year savings of $273,400 and a 3-year total of 961,311. John T. Keider,Norman :0. Baron and Jack D. Selkin (below, left) demonstrated that theXM224 fuze, with a slight modification, could be used in conjunction with obsoleteM218 fuzes in the CBU-49 aircraft bomb dispenser system, thereby cutting FY 71procurement costs by 69 ,711. George Buck, Charles Banta, James Spilman andPeter Mahalik (below, right) figured out a way to use fewer parts in the l\f105A3fiber container for 105mm cartridges, with savings over 12 million in FY's 71-73.

Aberdeen (Md.) Proving Ground(APG) has become one of the mostdiversified military research, develop­ment, test and evaluation installationsin the nation, if not in the world, as aresult of its July 1 acquisition ofEdgewood Arsenal.

Merging of the bases means thatmanagement, administrative and postsupport functions that were providedfor units at Edgewood by the arse­nal's staff are nOw combined underthe jurisdiction of the APG command­ing officer.

Consolidation of the two largestArmy bases in Maryland requiredreassignment of almost 950 civilianemployes and 150 military personnelstationed at Edgewood to similaroffices under the jurisdiction of APG.Some personnel remained physicallylocated at the arsenal while otherswere relocated to Aberden.

Since the consolidation involvesmostly personnel who perform post­wide support or "housekeeping" serv­ices, more than 700 civilian and mili­tary personnel in the arsenal's Instal­lation Services and Facilities Directo­rate were affected; over 50 percentare now in the Proving Ground's Fa­cilities Engineering Directorate.

Many 01 the remaining personnelwho transferred have been reassignedto the APG Logistics Directorate.Some of the combined logistics func­tions are:

Equipment Management. Bothmotor pools are compined to includemaintenance operations. Bus serviceis provided on an hourly basis duringworking hours between both locations.

Services. Both commissaries havebeen merged to utilize more effectivelythe purchasing, storage and retailingresources. Seven-day service is being

•

provided by scheduling alternate clos­ing days. Property disposal facilitiesalso have been combined and post ex­change facilities are being renovated.

Movement Services. All transporta­tion resources have been combined toprovide expanded personal services,including all household goods move­ment transactions and the processingof individual and family transporta­tion requests.

Housing. With the incorporation ofgovernment-owned housing facilitiesat Edgewood under APG control, mil­itary personnel of both installationshave a greater variety of quarters.

C01n1nunications-Elech·onic8. Bypooling all maintenance personnelinto one unit, this division can, oper­ate more efficiently, with greater flexi­bility for receiving and transmittingteletype messages.

26 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE JULY.AUG. 1971

PYROTECHNIC SEARCHLIGHT, developed by Picatinny Arsenal engineers,has an output surpassing that of standard Army Xenon-arch searchlight.

Picatinny Develops High-Intensity Searchlight

outlay of $105 million, in wages con­stitute more than 75 percent of theeconomy in Harford County.

Since both installations have beenin existence since World War I, manypeople find it difficult to understandhow Edgewood Arsenal, after 50years of existence as a separate in­stallation, could be absorbed by Aber­deen Proving Ground.

To others, it's just like when an oldestablished business firm changesownership--everyone still refers to itby the original name through long­time habit.

motor that supplies a constant andhomogeneous mix of the two compo­nents to a nozzle. The unit has ahigh-temperature pilot and a remotemethod of ignition.

One of the project's critical aspectswas development of a self-containedmethod of providing an accurate andhomogeneous mix of the components.

Several models of the torch under­went extensive testing recently undervery difficult wind conditions at Aber­deen (Md.) Proving Ground. Duringnight tests conducted at Picatinny,observers were able to read a newspa­per nearly one-half mile from the lab­oratory model source of light.

Because of its small size and tre­mendous output, the aluminum-oxy­gen torch has created an interest inits potential for other than militaryuse. It can be used as an emergencylight in the event of urban power fail­ure or for emergency illumination atairports and other large areas.,

A 90-pound pyrotechnic searchlightreportedly producing more light thanany other portable system has beendeveloped by engineers at the Felt­man Research Laboratory (FRL), Pi­catinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J.

Devised by Chester Smith, JohnWright, Charles Mosner and RichardFrisina, the new light derives its out­put of 2 to 6 million candlepowerfrom two components--oxygen in gas­eous form and aluminum in the formof finely divided particles.

A parabolic reflector, also designedin-house, gathers and directs the illu­mination to produce a total output(lumens) surpassing that of thestandard field unit Army Xenon arcsearchlight, powered by a generatorthat weighs 3,700 pounds.

Portable models of the pyrotechnicsearchlight are approximately one­foot wide and three-feet high. Eachunit consists of an oxygen tank, ahopper with a supply of aluminum, amixing chamber and an oxygen-driven

senal, Denver, Colo., and Pine BluffArsenal, Ark.

Concomittantly, the eight other spe­cialized military organizations housedat Edgewood are now tenants of theProving Ground.

Col Warren D. Hodges, APG com­manding officer, is charged with serv­ing 21 tenant organizations dispersedthroughout a land and water area em­bracing more than 82,000 acres. Thecombined military and civilian work­force totals almost 16,000.

Edgewood Arsenal's annual payrollof $51 million and the APG's yearly

IA( Names New Vice Chairman

Supply. Central control permitspurchases to be made in larger quant­ities to effect greater savings. Moreand varied warehouse space is availa­ble. Operation on a self-service basisis planned when the entire supply sys­tem becomes computerized.

In the Administrative Office, intra­post mail service, one Daily Bulletin,all records management services,printing and reproduction work, andissuance of all government orders arecentrally controlled.

Changes resulting from the mergercallJ be noted elsewhere. Civilian per­sonnel offices, the civilian securityguard force, and Military Police pla­toons were merged.

In the Materiel Testing Directorate,the Proving Ground's "navy" hasbeen expanded to include the fleet ofpicket boats that patrol the Gunpow­der and Bush River areas. Now allrange firings are centrally scheduledand controlled by MTD.

Administrative services provided bythe post chaplain, staff judge advo­cate, and certain functions of thecomptroller's and management officesare combined to avoid duplication.

Provision of medical services, how­ever, is unaffected by the change sincethese have been provided at Edge­wood on a joint basis for severalyears by the Proving Ground's Medi­cal Activity.

All of the arsenal's real estate, in­cluding 10,450 acres and fixed assets(more than 1,100 buildings, struc­tures, facilities, machinery and equip­ment valued in excess of $122.8 mil­lion) have been placed under the op­erational jurisdiction of APG.

The Army's Chemical CommodityManagement Center is now a tenantactivity of the Proving Ground. Inmaking reference to Edgewood Arse­nal today, one is actually referring tothe Army Chemical Commodity Man­agement Center.

However, the Army Chemical Com­modity Management Center's com­manding officer still retains commandjurisdiction over Rocky Mountain Ar-

Edmund B. Fitzgerald is the newvice chairman of the Industry Ad­visory Council, which provides aforum for discussions between theDeputy Secretary of Defense, hisprincipal management assistants andleaders from the private sector of theU.S. economy.

Chairman and chief executive offi­cer of Cutler-Hammer, Inc., Fitzger­ald has served on the 25-membercouncil since October 1969. The coun­cil meets three times each year, withthe next meeting scheduled Oct. 8-9.

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE 27

Army R&D Office Announces Assignments of 23 Officerstion Group; and executive officer,214th Combat Aviation Battalion. In1965-66 duty in Vietnam, he was as­sistant S3, 12th Combat AviationGroup, and duty officer with theArmy Aviation Element, Tactical Op­erations Center, II Field Force.

Col Top has a BBA degree fromTexas A&M (1954) and is workingtoward an MS degree in systems man­agement from the University ofSouthern California. He completedC&GSC training in 1968.

Among his awards are the LaM,Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC)with OLC, BSM with two OLC, AMwith "V" device and 19 OLC, and theARCOM with OLC. He has receivedthe Social Services Honor Medal,Honor Medal 1st Class, Cross of Gal­lantry with Silver Star, and the AirService Medal for service in Vietnam.Other decorations include the Cross ofGallantry with two Palms, CivilActions Medal 1st Class, and thePresidential Unit Citation.

Lt Col J08eph A. Yore completedthe Army War College (AWC) courseprior to a signment as chief of theCritical Projects Branch, Surveil­lance, Target Acquisition, Night Ob­servation (STANO) Division, OCRD.

Col Yore received a BS degree inbuilding construction from RensselaerPolytechnic Institute (1953) and anMS degree in civil engineering fromthe University of California at Berke­ley (1961). In 1958 he completed theAFSC.

Duty as chief of the ConstructionEngineer Division Engineer School,Fort Belvoir, Va., followed a tour of

CDC Adviser Attends Fort McNair National War Collegeu.s. Army Combat Developments Command Scientific Adviser David C.

Hardison has been selected to attend the National War College at FortMcNair, Washington, D.C., for 10 months of training designed to preparegraduates for federal executive a::signments.

The War College presents a curriculum on national security policies; inte­gration of military and foreign policy; the role of the United Nations andother means to avoid armed conflict between nations; and determination of theinfluence of the possession or deficiency of economic, scientific, political, psycho­logical and social resources upon national security.

Hardison has served since 1964 as CDC sci­entific adviser, following 12 years as a mathe­matician and physical scientist in the BallisticResearch Laboratories at the Army's Aberdeen(Md.) Proving Ground. After six years aschief, Armored Systems Evaluations Branch,he was promoted in 1963 to deputy chief,Weapons Systems Lab.

Graduated cum laude with an AB degreefrom Atlantic Christian College, he earned hisrna ter's degree from Duke University in 1951.He has completed a number of Army-spon­sored executive training programs, including

David C. Hardi on the Federal Executive Institute in 1969.

Artillery (Airborne), Ft. Bragg, N.C.He has been awarded the BSM with

"V" device, Meritorious Service Medal(MSM), Air Medal (AM), Joint Serv­ice Commendation Medal (JSCM),ARCOM with OLC, CIB, and theMaster Parachutist Badge.

Lt Col John :G. Burbule8. a newstaff officer with the Command andControl Branch, Communications-E­lectronics and Space Division, OCRD,recently earned an MS degree in in­dustrial management from GeorgeWashington University. He received aBS degree from the University ofSouthern Mississippi in 1960 and com­pleted the C&GSC in 1968.

During 1969-70, he served with theArmy Concept Team in Vietnam(ACTIV) Liaison Group, Office of theAssistant Chief of Staff for Force De­velopment (OACSFOR). He servedtwo tours with the U.S. Army, Repub­lic of Vietnam (USARV) during1967-68 and 1965-66, split by an as­signment with the Aviation TestBoard, Fort Rucker, Ala.

He has been awarded the LOM,BSM, AM with three OLC, andARCOM with OLC.

Lt Col John J. Top is a new staffofficer with the Combat Support Air­craft Branch, Air Mobility Division,following a tour of duty with theUSACDC Institute of Systems Analy­sis, Fort Belvoir, Va. He served withthe USACDC Artillery Agency(1966-67) at Fort Sill, Okla.

During 1968-69, he was in Vietnamas commander, 146th Combat Avia­tion Battalion; S3, 12th Combat Avia-

Eighteen of 23 officers newly as­signed to the Office of the Chief ofResearch and Development (OCRD)have recently earned advanced de­grees from a major college or univer­sity or completed courses at one ofthe three senior service schools.

Col Jerry B. Lauer has been as­signed as chairman of the Depart­ment of Defense Air Munitions Re­quirements and Development(AMRAD) Committee, following com­pletion of the Officers Rotary WingAircraft School at Fort Wolters, Tex.,and Fort Rucker, Ala.

Col Lauer completed the NationalWar College in 1967, subsequent to atour of duty as a staff officer with thePlans Division, Office of the Chief ofResearch and Development (OCRD).

He then was assigned as J3 staffofficer, STRICOM, and special mili­tary assistant to CINCSTRIKE, Mac­Dill Air Force Base (AFB), Fla.During 1969-70, he served as brigadecommander and chief of staff with the7th Infantry Division in Korea.

A 1949 graduate of the U.S. Mili­tary Academy (USMA), he has anMS degree in electrical engineeringfrom Georgia Institute of Technology(1960) and has completed the MarineCorps Senior School (1964).

Among awards and citations, ColLauer holds the Legion of Merit(LaM) with Oak Leaf Cluster(OLC), Bronze Star Medal (BSM)with "V" device, and the Army Com­mendation Medal (ARCOM) withOLC. He also has earned a MasterParachutist Badge, the Combat Infan­tryman Badge (CIB), and the ArmyAviator Badge.

Lt Col Frank J. Palermo J1'. grad­uated from the Industrial College ofthe Armed Forces (ICAF) courseshortly before his assignment to theFire Support Missiles Branch, Air De­fense and Missiles Division, OCRD.

He completed the Armed ForcesStaff College (AFSC) course in 1966,and the Command and General StaffCollege (C&GSC) in 1963. He has anAB degree from Xavier University(1962) and an MS degree in aerO­space engineering from the Univer­sity of Arizona (1965).

He served a tour of duty with theMissiles and Space Directorate,OCRD (1967-68), following a year inVietnam as a task-force adviser withthe Vietnamese Airborne Division.

Other recent assignments have ill>­eluded staff officer, HQ U.S. ArmyCombat Developments Command(USACDC), Fort Belvoir, Va., andbattalion commander, 2d Bn., 321st

28 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME TEWS l\lAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

search and Development Center(AMRRDC).

Graduated recently with an MBAdegree from the University of Texas,he received his BBA degree fromSaint Mary's University at San Anto­nio in 1957, and completed theC&GSC in 1969.

Maj Biesenbach served as S3, 7thBattalion, 11th Artillery in Vietnamduring 1967-68, following a tour ofduty with HQ Allied Forces, CentralEurope, in Fountainbleau, France. Hewas liaison officer, 8th Infantry Divi­sion, USAREUR, from August 1964to July 1965, and CO of the 377thArtillery, 101st Airborne Division,Fort Campbell, Ky., from April 1963to June 1964.

His military honors include theLOM, AM with three OLC, ARCOMwith OLC, and the Vietnamese Gal­lantry Cross with Silver Star.

Maj Hugh H. Trumbull Jr., arecent graduate of the C&GSC, isserving as a staff officer with the FireSupport Missiles Branch, Air Defenseand Missiles Division, OCRD. A 1958graduate of the USMA, he earned a1967 MS degree in aerospace sciencefrom Princeton University.

During 1968-70, he was aIll R&Dcoordinator with the U.S. Army Ad­vanced Ballistic Missile DefenseAgency (ABMDA) at Huntsville, Ala.He served as S3/executive officer, 5thBattalion, 2d Artillery, Vietnam(1967-68).

Other assignments have includedassistant S3, 3d Missile Battalion,21st Artillery, and battery com­mander 2d Missile Battalion, 82d Ar­tillery, in Germany (1962-64), andAir Defense Artillery director(SAGE), McChord AFB, Wash.

(Continued on page 90)

tion Division, Construction Directo­rate, MACV. In 1967-69 he was astaff officer, Review Branch, Conceptsand Doctrine Division, Combat Sup­port Group, USACDC ; S3, 577th En­gineer Battalion (Construction), Viet­nam (1966-67); assistant to the resi­dent engineer, and project engineerfor the Alaska Engineer District(1963-66); engineer liaison officer,and instructor, Explosive OrdnanceDisposal School, Indianhead, Md.(1958-61) .

Among his awards are the BSMwith two OLC, MSM, JSCM, andARC OM.

Lt Col John F. Ingman completedthe C&GSC course prior to his newduty as a staff officer, Research Tech­nology Division, USARO, OCRD. Hehas a BSEE degree from the Univer­sity of Washington (1956) and an MSdegree in n.uclear engineering fromthe University of Michigan (1961).

A tour of duty in Vietnam as exec­utive officer with the 24th Transpor­tation Battalion followed an assign­ment as nuclear physicist, U.S. ArmyNuclear Weapons Surety Group, FortBelvoir, Va.

During 1965-67, he served as chiefof Services, Fort Greely, Alaska,after completing an assignment as li­aison officer, U.S. Atomic EnergyCommission, Germantown, Md. Dur­ing 1962-63, he commanded the 60thTransportation Compan,y (LightTruck) in Korea.

His citations and decorations in­clude the BSM and ARCOM withthree OLC.

Maj Donald E. Biesenbach is as­signed as a staff officer with the Moti­vation Research Branch, Motivationand Training Research Laboratory,U.S. Army Manpower Resources Re-

MERDC Selects Relyea for Executive Director AssignmentLt Col George R. Relyea is the new executive officer of the U.S. Army

Mobility Equipment R&D Center (MERDC), Fort Belvoir, Va" following ayear of service with the National Defense College Advisory Detachment inVietnam.

After serving as an enlisted man (1945-48), heentered the U.S. Military Academy and was com­missioned in 1952. He later earned a master'sdegree in civil engineering from the University ofIllinois and has completed courses at the Com­mand and General Staff College, the ArmedForces Staff College and the Army War College.

He has served with the Joint Chiefs of Staff(1968-69) ; Office of Personnel Operations(1967-68); Thailand (1965-66); Army EngineerCenter, Fort Belvoir, Va. (1962-64); U.S. ArmyEurope (1958-62); the New York Engineer Dis­trict (1954-55); and in Korea (1953-54).

His awards and decorations include the BronzeStar Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster (OLC), JointService Commendation Medal, Army Commenda­tion Medal with OLC, and the Vietnam HonorMedal (first class). Lt Col George R. Relyea

duty in Vietnam as CO, 35th Engi­neer Battalion and chief of opera­tions, 18th Engineer Brigade,USARV.

During 1965-68, he was assignmentofficer, Engineer Branch, Office ofPersonnel Operations, Washington,D.C. He has received the LOM, BSMwith "V" device, MSM, AM, and theRepublic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross.

Lt Gol Alvin G. Rowe is newly as­signed as a staff officer with theCombat Support Branch, Combat Ma­teriel Division. During two years atFort Bragg, N.C., he was assistantchief of staff, G4, and CO of the307th Engineer Battalion, 82d Air­borne Division.

In Vietnam he was chief, SupportDivision, MACV Training Directo­rate, subsequent to service as opera­tions officer, S3, 307th Engineer Bat­talion, and CO of the 618th EngineerCompany, Fort Bragg.

Educational qualifications of ColRowe include a BS degree in civil en­gineering (1956) and an MS degree instructural enlJ'ineering (1963) fromIowa State University. He completedthe U.S. Marine Corps Command andStaff College at Quantico, Va., in1968.

He has been awarded the LOM,BSM with "V" device, MSM, JSCM,ARCOM, Purple Heart, and MasterParachuti t Badge.

Lt Col John L. Joh1lJ3en, assigned asa taff officer with the WeaponsBranch, Combat Materiel Division,was recently awarded an ME degreefrom Stevens Institute of Technology.A 1956 graduate of the U.S. MilitaryAcademy (USMA), he completed theO&GSC in 1968.

Col Johnsen served in 1968-69 asadvi er, Per onnel Management Pro­grams, J1, Military Assistance Com­mand, Vietn m (MACV), deputy G2,82d Airborne Division, Fort Bragg,N.C. (1966-67), company commanderand brigade S3 with U.S. Army, Eu­rope (1964-66).

He has received the BSM and theARCOM.

Lt Gol Howard J. Guba completedthe C&GSC before he was assigned asstaff officer, Studies and AnalysesDivision, U.S. Army Research Office(USARO).

In 1956 he was graduated fromBrooklyn Polytechnic Institute with aBCE degree. He has a BS degree inmilitary studies from the Universityof Maryland (1962), an MCE fromTexas A&M University (1963), andan ME (management) from the Uni­versity of Alaska (1966).

He was, in 1969-70, chief of theConstruction Operations and Manage­ment Branch, Lines of Communica-

JULY-A G. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPl\1ENT NEWS MAGAZI E 29

nam with the 2d Battalion, 20th FieldArtillery, Aerial Rocket, 1st CavalryDivision-1969, and 1965-66. He holdsthe BSM with "V" device and twoOLC, AM with 16 OLC, ARCOM withtwo OLC, and the Vietn~mese HonorMedal (1st class).

Mo,i Jo,meB C. Cercy, staff officerwith the Air Defense Branch, Air De­fense and Missiles Division, OCRD,has a BSCE degree from the Univer­sity of Delaware (1958), and anMSME degree from the University ofArizona (1966). He completed theC&GSC couree this year.

He was assistant executive officer,3d Battalion (Hercules), 43d Artil­lery, Pedricktown" N.J., following1969-70 duty in Vietnam as S2 andassistant S2, HQ I Force, V Artillery,USARPAC, and battalion executiveofficer, HQ 6th Battalion, 56th Artil­lery, Americal Division.

The major completed the Hawkmissile system officer course at FortBliss, Tex., follo\ving 1966-69 duty asan R&D coordinator at the Los Ala­mos Scientific Laboratory, N. Mex.

Maj Cercy has received the BSMwith two OLC, ARCOM, National De­feme Service Medal (NDSM), Viet­nam Service Medal (VSM), and theRepublic of Vietnam CommendationMedal (RVNCM).

Maj Walter J. Wosicki, a new staffofficer in the Materiel Needs Branch,Plans Division, OCRD, recently com­pleted the C&GSC course. He is a1959 graduate of the USl\1A with a1969 master's degree in aerospace

management from the University ofSouthern California.

In Vietnam (1969-70) he served asassistant S3, Division Artillery, andbattery commander, Aerial Artillery,1st Cavalry Division, and (1966-67)as brigade aviation commander, 2dBrigade, 1st Infantry Division.

He was company commander, Offi­cer Student Company, Fort Rucker,Ala. (1967-69), and S2, 5th AviationBattalion, 5th Mechanized Division,Fort Carson, Colo. (1965-66).

His military honors include threeDFCs, BSM with three OLC, MSM,AM with 24 OLC and a "V" device,ARCOM with "V" device, VietnamCampaign Medal, VSM, two awardsof the Vietnam Cross of Gallantry,Vietnam Medal of Honor, and theVietnam Civil Action Medal.

Maj Jok11J P. Herrling is a staff of­ficer with the Special Programs andSupport Branch, Office of the Chief ofAdministration, OCRD. He completedthe C&GSC course this year, subse­quent to duty in Vietnam as brigadesenior adviser, Airborne Division,ARVN.

He earned a BS degree in psychol­ogy from the University of Scranton(1960) and in 1967-69 was an ROTCinstructor at Canisius College, N.Y.

Maj Herrling served in Vietnam asrifle company commander, battalionS2, and assistant brigade S2, 1st Bri­gade, 101st Airborne Division, RVN.He has been awarded the Silver Star(SS), BSM with two OLC, AM withfive OLC, ARCOM \vith five OLC andthe "V" device, Purple Heart, and theVietnamese Gallantry Cross withGold, Silver and Bronze Stars.

Dugway CO Moves to APG as Deputy for Support. Assignment of Col Charles M. Shadle to Aberdeen (Md.) Proving Ground asdeputy commander for support, early in August, will follow a 3-year tour ofduty a commanding officer at Dugway (Utah) Proving Ground.

Col Shadle succeeds Col Richard E. Maloy, who is retiring from militaryservice. During his tour at Dugway, he also served as director for logistics atDeseret Test Center in Utah. His new duty returns him close to his birthplaceat Edgewood (Md.) Arsenal.

Service as an enlisted man in the Marine Corps and the Army interruptedhis college studies. He received a BS degree from Texas Western College in

1957 and MS from Framingham State Collegeof Massachusetts in 1963, just 20 years afterhe graduated from Officer Candidate School.His RA commission came in 1947.

Following completion of a tour of duty inVietnam, Col Shadle took command of the 1stChemical Battalion at Fort McClellan, Ark., in1964. He later became personnel director thereat the U.S. Army School Training Center. Healso has served as chief of industrial opera­tions at Rocky Mountain Arsenal and as as­sistant profes or of military science at Massa­chusetts Institute of Technology.

He has received the Bronze Star Medal(with OLC), Army Commendation Medal, Pur­ple Heart, Air Medal, and Korean PresidentialUnit Citation.

OCRD Announces Assignments of 23 Officers(Continued from page f9)

(1959-61). He bas received the LOM,BSM, MSM, and AM with OLC.

Maj David A. ydarn served as as­sistant Joint Plans officer (CBR),CINCLANT, Norfolk, Va., prior toassignment as staff officer, Chemical­Biological Branch, Nuclear, Chemicaland Biological Division, OCRD.

Maj Nydam has a BS degree inbiology from Norwich University(1958), MS degree in microbiology,University of New Hampshire (1964),and is a graduate of the Naval WarCollege (1968).

He has served as assistant chemicalofficer, 1st Infantry Division, Republicof Vietnam (1966-67), and deputycbief of the Operations Division, Bio­logical Laboratories, Fort Detrick,Md. (1964-66).

He has received the DFC, Soldier'sMedal, BSM with OLC, AM with twoOLC, ARCOM, and the VietnameseCross of Gallantry.

Maj Robert A. Nulk, staff officer,Test and Evaluation Branch, Manage­ment and Evaluation Division, OCRD,recently completed the C&GSC. Hehas a BSME degree from the Univer­sity of Santa Clara (1958) and anMSME degree from the University ofAlabama (1962),

He served (1968-70) as chief of theMaintenance Evaluation Division,U.S. Army General Equipment TestActivity, Fort Lee, Va., and in1967-68 was in Vietnam as materielofficer, 27th Maintenance Battalion,1st Cavalry Divi ion, RVN.

He has served as CO of the 77thHeavy Equipment Maintenance Com­pany, 81st Maintenance Battalion,Germany; staff officer, 4th Battalion,41st Artillery (Pershing), Fort Sill,Okla., and Germany; and projectofficer, Persbing Project Office, Red­stone Arsenal, Ala.

His honors include the BSM, MSMand the AM.

Maj August M. Cianciolo, a 1971graduate of the C&GSC, has been as­signed as a staff officer wi~h the AirMovement Branch, Air Mobility Divi­sion, OCRD. He holds a 1958 BS de­gree in business administration fromXavier University, and a 1968 MAdegree in aerospace operations man­agement from the University ofSouthern California.

During 1970, Maj Cianciolo wasproject officer, Internal LiteratureBranch, Department of Tactics, U.S.Army Aviation School, Fort Rucker,~la. He was operations officer, Avia­bon Armament Division, at theSchool, 1966-68.

The major served two tours in Viet-

30 AR IY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T EWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

AAMRDL Announces Coleman as Directorate Head

Capt Nowland was plans officer,ARADCOM, Ent AFB, Colo.(1969-70), after completing theguided missile systems engineeringcourse at Fort Bliss, Tex.

He served as battery officer, 7thBattalion, 13th Artillery, Vietnam(1967-68), following an assignmentas battery officer, 3d Battalion, 517thArtillery, Selfridge AFB, Mich.

He has been awarded the BSM andthe ARCOM with OLC.

Capt Ra.lph W. James is the newadjutant of the U.S. Army ManpowerResources Research and DevelopmentCenter, OCRD.

He served (1970-71) as assistantS4 with the 16th Combat AviationGroup, Americal Division, after serv­ing in Vietnam as S4, CO and platoonleader with the 2d Battalion, 35th In­fantrY,4th Division.

He was assigned in 1969-70 as as­sistaIllt division and command infor­mation officer, 82d Airborne Division,Fort Bragg, N.C. Among his awardsare the BSM, AM, VCM, VSM,NDSM CIB, and Parachutist Badge.

One of the key executive positions in the U.S. Army Air Mobility Researchand Development Laboratory was filled in July with appointment of Thomas L.Coleman to head the Langley (Va.) R&D Directorate.

Selection of Coleman was announced by Paul F. Yaggy, director, Army AirMobility R&D Laboratory, Moffet Field, Calif. Coleman had been serving astechnical assistant to Lawrence K. Loftin Jr., director for Aeronautics, Lan­gley Research Center.

The directorate Coleman heads is one of four subordinate elements of theArmy Air Mobility R&D Laboratory, which is a part of the NASA-AmesResearch Center. Establishment of the AAMRDL was announced in January1971 by the U.S. Army Materiel Command, as an outgrowth of a November1969 agreement with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

Key officials of these agencies have estimated that the agreement for jointuse of NASA facilities is saving the U.S. Government more than $100 millionthat would have been necessary to erect separate Army facilities.

Coleman's qualifications for his new role with the Langley Directorate in­clude about 24 years employment with the Langley staff, following his honora­ble discharge from the U.S. Navy in 1947. He will be concerned with genera­tion of plans and the conduct of research in low-speed aeronautics. He has aBS degree in aeronautical engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology.

Regarded internationally as an authority in the field of operational flightloads (especially gust loads and effects of repeated loads on aircraft andstructural design criteria), he has served as a consultant representing NASAin the U.S. and abroad.

Coleman's Langley Research Center assign­ments have included assistant head, Airworthi­ness Branch, and technical assistant to thedirector for Aeronautics.

He was a member of the International CivilAviation Organization (1958-61) i also, a mem­ber of a working group assessing runway con­struction, ground environment, and preparingrecommendations for the AGARD Structuresand Materials Panel. He did some of the initialwork on the use of randomly spaced satellitesfor communications, was chairman of a NASASubcommittee on Environmental Design Cri­teria for Space Vehicles, and served as a mem­ber of the NASA Committee on Fatigue Re-search and Technology. Thomas L. Coleman

from the Armed Forces Staff College.During 1966-67, the major was

troop commander and S2, 1st Squad­ron 9th Cavalry, 1st Cavalry Division.He holds the BSM with OLC, AM,Purple Heart, Presidential Unit Cita­tion, and the Vietnamese Cross. ofGallantry.

Capt Kurt F. Buokley, military as­sistant in the Optical Systems Divi­sion, ABMDA, recently received anMS degree in mechanical engineeringfrom the University of Texas at ElPaso and has a 1964 BA degree fromthe University of California, Berkeley.

In Vietnam (1968-69) he was as­sistant S2, II Field Force, Artillery,and with HQ USAREUR (1964-69)was a battery commander, fire con­trol, and missile assignment officer.

Awards and decorations include theBSM with OLC, and the AM.

Capt Donald E. Nowland has beenassigned to OCRD as a research asso­ciate statiolU!d at the Lawrence Ra­diation Laboratory, Livermore, Calif.He recently received an MS degree inphysics from the University of Texas.

Maj Charlton G. Johnson Jr., a newstaff officer, Budget Branch, Pro­grams and Budget Division, OCRD,recently was awarded an MBA degreefrom Indiana University and has a1962 bachelor's degree in business ad­ministration from Auburn University.

Maj Johnson, in 1968-69, was amanagement analyst, HQ 1st Logisti­cal Command, Vietnam, followinggraduation from the U.S. Army Fi­nance School (USAFS), Fort Benja­min Harrison, Ind., where he re­mained as an instructor (1965-67).

He was adjutant and platoon leaderwith the 3d Armored Division atKirch Gons (1962-64) and laterserved as deputy finance officer withthe 106th Finance Section at Stutt­gard. He has been awarded the BSMand ARCOM.

Maj Gilbert J. Stieglitz wasawarded an MS degree from the Uni­versity of Texas atEI Paso iIll Juneand is a staff officer with the Manage­ment and Analysis Branch, Manage­ment and Eval ation Division, OCRD.

He earned his BS degree in me­chanical engin ering from the Univer­sity of Delaware in 1962 and in1969-70 completed advanced officercourses at Fort Bliss, Tex.

Maj Stieglitz served in Vietnam(1967-68) as assistant S2, 173d Air­borne Brigade, and assistant S3, 3dBattalion, 319th Artillery, 173d Air­borne Brigade. He holds the BSM,AM. ARCOM and RVNCM.

Maj Robert A. Burns completed atour of duty in Vietnam as G2 plansofficer, HQ II Field Force, prior toassignment as staff officer with thePhysics, Electronics and MechanicsBranch, Physical and EngineeringSciences Division, USARO, OCRD.

A 1961 graduate of the USMA, hehas a 1969 MS degree in mechanicalengineering from the University ofMichigan. In 1970 he was graduated

Army Uses Navy Jet FightersTo Test SAM·D at White Sands

Obsolete U.S. Navy F3-D Skynightjet fighters are being used to test theArmy's newest surface-to-air missileat White Sands Missile Range.

One of the 22-year-old jets willserve as a "target" while the otherchases it in the initial testing phase,designed to detect flaws in the elec­tronic gear before the instruments arepackaged in the SAM-D.

F3-D fighter planes were selectedbecause each has a large nose conefor the installation of instruments,and two front seats to accommodatethe pilot and a senior electronic tech­nician, who will check highly intricateinstruments. The F3-D jet was usedduring the Korean War.

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 31

Major Army ROT&E, Procurement Contracts Exceed $589 Million

UNIV~RSAL LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR. This cross-country vehicle is beingdeveloped by the U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Re earch and DevelopmentCenter, Fort Belvoir, Va., to provide combat uppod unit with highly mobilemeans of preading dust-control materials. It i capable of di tributing du tpalliatives and bituminous materials at rates up to 300 gallon per minute.Designed to be especially helpful at helipads and air trip the di tributor canapply, simultaneously, water to pre-condition soil, fibergla crim for reinforc­ing, and liquid du t-control material. The vehicle can travel 10 mph cro country.

ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPII1E T EWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

nance activities at Texarkana, Tex.,and at Parsons, Kans.; Uniroyal, Inc.,$12,733,379 101' operation and mainte­nance of the Army Ammunition Plantat Joliet, Ill.;

LTV Aerospace Corp., $12,344,650for test sets and containers for theLance missile system and for Phase IIof the Horning Interceptor TechnologyProgram; Hughes Aircraft Co.,$11,987,239 (three contracts) for laserrangefinders and spares, and forpreparation of a contract definitionstudy for the Hardsite Defense Pro­gram.

AVCO Corp., $11,186,617 (five con­tracts) for radio sets, for a productimpro "emeDJt program for theT-55-L-ll gas turbine engine, forrotor modification kits for turbine en­gines, for advanced development mod­els of a lightweight VHF-FM radiosystem, and for continued develop­ment, fabrication, and test of theAGT-1500 turbine engine.

Contracts under $10 million. AtlasChemical Industries, Inc., $9,736,373for operation and maintenance of fa­cilities at the Volunteer Army Ammu­nition Plant, Chattanooga, Tenn. ;HARSCO, York, Pa., $8,677,838 (fourcontracts) for M110 8-inch howitzersand M578 recovery vehicles, and forarmor fragmentation kits for tacticalvehicles.

Ford Motor Co., $7,856,458 for en­gineering services for M151, M718and M825 trucks, and for research inceramic materials design for use inhigh-temperature gas-turbine en­gines; General Electric Co., $6,OOO,OCOfor 20mm guns; International Har­vester Co., $5,779,100 for trucks andvans; Caterpillar Tractor Corp.,$5,152,912 for GOER cargo vehicles;Union Carbide Corp. $5,110,238 fordry batteries.

Contracts under $5 1niLZion. GlobalAssociates, $4,806,750 for logistic sup­port at the Kwajalein Missile Range;Aerojet Solid Propulsion Co.,$4,471,416 for loading Hawk rocketmotors; Thiokol Chemical Corp.,$4,437,376 for operation and mainte­nance of the Army ammunition plantat Marshall, Tex.;

Federal Cartridge Co., $4,383,849for operation and maintenance of theArmy ammunition plant at NewBrighton, Minn.; CONDEC Corp.,$4,366,285 for mopile floating assaultbridges; Dynalectron Corp.,$4,280,925 for maintenance services inVietnam.

Control Data Corp., $4,000,000 forelectronic equipment; Radiation, Inc.,$4,000,000 for electronic equipment;Ravenna Arsenal, Inc., $3,846,826 for

and for engineering services for theimproved Hawk missile system.

General Motors Corp., $19,867,731(four contracts) for development andengineering for the XM803 combattank, for M113A1 armored personnelcarrier diesel engines and transmis­sions, and for diesel engines for MI07and MllO tanks.

Chrysler Corp., $19,239,015 forM60A1 combat tanks and AVLBchassis; Olin Corp., $19,234,512 (sixcontracts) for 45 caliber and 81mmilluminating cartridges, and for oper­ation and maintenance of Army am­munition plants at Barbaroo, Wis.,and at Charlestown, Ind.

We;;tern Electric Co., $18,371,69-2(six contracts) for changes at theVarian and Spences Test Stations, forSafeguard ABM System training ef­forts, for command and control equip­ment and maintenance support serv­ices for the Safeguard PerimiterAcquisition and tactical softwear con­trol site, for site housing for Safe­guard, and for research and develop­ment for tbe data processing subsys­tem of the Safeguard Ballistic MissileDefense System.

Southern Airways of Texas, Inc.,$14,752,413 for providing helicopterpilot training, maintenance of air­craft and support services; A. M.General Corp., $14,365,762 for *-tonand 2lh-ton trucks; Harvey Alumi­num Sales, Inc., $13,638,367 for oper­ation and maintenance of the ArmyAmmunition Plant at Milan, Tenn.

Day and Zimmermann, Inc.,$12,814,350 for operation and mainte-

32

Army research, development, test,evaluation and procurement contracts,each exceeding $1 million, totaled$589,251,084 since the previous editionof the Army R&D Newsmagazinethrough Aug. l.

Eastman Kodak Co. is receiving$33,149,454 for operation and mainte­nance of tile Holston Army Amnmni­tion Plant at Kingsport, Tenn. BoeingCo. was awarded $33,069,187 forCH-47C helicopters, for overhaul ofcrash-damaged helicopters, and forresearch to advance technology relat­ing to heavy-lift helicopter develop­ment.

Textron, Inc., was issued$32,718,641 in contracts for OH-58Ahelicopters, for rotor blades and forrepair of crash-damaged helicopters.Remington Arms Co., Inc., will re­ceive $31,332,790 for operation andmaintenance of the Lake City Ammu­nition Plant, Independence, Mo.

Page Aircraft Maintenance, Inc.,gained $25,146,781 for aircraft main­tenance'services. NHA, Inc., Arling­ton, Tex., is receiving $22,966,896 forwork in support of U.S. Army air­craft in the Republic of Vietnam.Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co.,Inc., successfully bid $20,398,060 foroperation of Army ammunition plantsat Grand Island, Neb., and at Bur­lington, Iowa.

Contracts unde1' $20 million. Ray­theon Co., $19,962,124 (five contracts)for radar antenna cartridges, formetal parts for bomb fuzes, for prep­aration of contract definition studiesfor the Hardsite Defense Program,

Ceramics for Turbines Studied Under Contract

operation of the Ravenna Army Am­munition Plant; Beech AircraftCorp., $3,800,000 for U-21F aircraft.

Maremont Corp., $3,771,950 for7.62mm machineguns; Martin Mar­ietta Corp., $3,568,684 for multiplex­ers i Honeywell, Inc., $3,469,009 forR&D efforts on artillery munitionsand for value engineering change pro­posals and royalty payment for theM219El fuze.

Teledyne Industries, Inc., $3,389,046for engineering support for produc­tion of engines and for engine assem­blies; IBM Corp., $3,323,057 forcombat services support system;Cutler-Hammer, Inc., $3,314,388 foradvanced development models and en­gineering design for tactical landingsystem.

Sperry Rand Corp., $3,184,894 foroperation and maintenance activitiesat the Arm Ammunition Plant,Shreveport, La.; FMC Corp.,$3,122,858 for production engineeringand maintenance of evaluation func­tions in support of the MU3 familyof armored personnel carriers; Gulfand Western Industries, Inc.,$3,121,272 for parts for 105mm pro­jectiles.

Norris Industries, Inc., $2,873,640for parts for 105mm cartridge cases;

Deve!opment of ceramic materialsdesigned for use in high-temperaturegas turbine engines, including feasi­bility demonstration, is ordered in acontract awat'ded recently by theArmy Materials and Mechanics Re­search Center (AMMRC), Water­town, Mass.

AMMRC issued the contract in be­half of the Advanced Research Pro­jects Agency (ARPA) of the Depart­ment of Defense. Westinghouse Elec­tric Corp. was designated as a sub­contractor to l~ord Motor Co. for thisprogram. Together they representboth ends of the gas turbine rang&­Ford with automotive-type engines,Westinghouse with large electricalpower generators.

The 5-year, $10,500,000 incremen­tally funded government contract isexpected to yield knowledge havingmany applications in vehicles, ships,aircraft and field power generatorsfor the U.S. Army, Navy and AirForce.

The ARPA contract calls for devel­opment of ceramic test assemblies, op­erable at ceramic temperatures of2,500°F. or higher, on two turbinesystems. One system is an automobileengine, under development at Ford.Westinghouse is developing a30,000,000-watt electrical power gen­erator engine.

Westinghouse Electric Corp.$2,720,012 for work on the first proto­type unit of a new federal radiowarning network Decision Informa­tion Distribution System.

Electromagnetic Technology Corp.,$2,645,600 for radar sets, installationequipment and test sets; ITT Gilfil­lan, Inc., $2,642,000 for testing ofradar systems; Hawthorne Aviation,$2,605,172 for aircraft maintenanceand related test support services.

McDonnell Douglas Corp.,$2;500,000 for contract definitionstudy for the Hardsite Defense Pro­gram; R. G. LeTourneau, Inc.,$2,362,500 for parts for 750-poundbombs; Lockheed Aircraft Corp.,$2,406,921 for a cost-reduction studyfor AH-56 aircraft, and for equip­ment and services in connection withunderground nuclear testing at theNevada Test Site.

Federal Electric Corp., $2,165,691for technical support services and en­gineering maintenance services inThailand; Harvey Aluminum Sales,Inc., $2,142,686 for operation andmaintenance activities of the ArmyAmmunition Plant at Milan, Tenn.;Hamilton Watch Co., $2,000,000 forthe a.cquisition of ammunition produc­tion facilities.

ARPA expects that this contractfor development of design technologyfor the practical use of high-strength,high-temperature ceramic materialswill constitute an extremely impor­tant breakthrough applicable to manycivilian and military requirements.

AMMRC Director Dr. Alvin E. Gorum(center), Dr. Maurice J. Sinnot (left),ARPA director for Materials Science,and Harold G. MacDonald, vice presi.dent of Ford Motor Co. Product Devel­opment Group, examine experimentalceramic parts for turbine engines, fol­lowing signing of $10.5 million contract.

Contracts under $~ miUion. RCACorp., $1,996,375 for lightweightradio systems; New Mexico StateUniversity, $1,961,145 for data reduc­tion analysis and processing, andcomputer operations; LTV Electro­systems, Inc., $1,940,888 for receivertransmitters.

Resdel Engineering Corp.,$1,912,500 for radio frequency moni­tors; Computer Sciences Corp.,$1,858,600 for scientific and opera­tions research effort in support ofcombat development and related stud­ies j ITT Corp., $1,820,000 for testsets for radios.

Magnavox Research Laboratories,$1,798,000 for refurbishing and modi­fying radio communications subsys­tems for satellite communications;Harvard Industries, $1,770,733 for2.75-inch rocket launchers; Hewlett­Packard Co., $1,701,200 for automaticcalibration systems and instrumentcalibration programs for an auto­matic network analyzer.

Airport Machining Corp.,$1,631,961 for 60mm projectile parts;General Dynamics Corp., $1,592,593for electromagnetic intrusion sensingdevices; REMCOR, Inc., $1,560,127for 81mm projectile parts; Gearhart­Owen Industries, $1,549,380 for partsfor demolition kits.

AMBAC Industries, Inc., $1,404,546for flares; White Engines, Inc.,$1,366,979 for multifuel engines fortrucks; System Development Corp.,$1,326,317 for a training program forthe AN /TSQ-51 Missile Mentor andthe AN/GSG-5 BIRDIE Air DefenseSystem.

Textron, Inc., $1,282,812 for repairof crash-damaged helicopters; Navi­gate, Inc., $1,272,138 for automatedstorage retrieval system at the Let­terkenny Army Depot; TeledyneRyan Aeronautical Division of Tele­dyne Industries, $1,244,160 for a mis­sile flight and repair program.

Allied Products, $1,205,468 for 12­ton semitrailers; REDM Corp.,$1,204,685 for parts for bomb fuzes;United Aircraft Corp., $1,196,378 forPhase II advanced development of anopen-cycle fuel cell power plant.

Polan Industries, $1,101,992 for in­frared searchlights and repair parts;Boehme, Inc., $1,082,950 for gyromag­netic compass sets; GFR Industries,Inc., $1,081,880 for bomb parts; Eu­reka-Williams Co., $1,038,000 forbomb fuze assemb'ies.

Massachusetts Institute of Technol­ogy, $1,030,000 for basic and appliedresearch in general physics, plasmadynamics, communications sciencesand engineerin.e:; Leece Neville ofMichigan, $1,003,891 for alternatorassemblies; and TRW, Inc., $1,000,000for electronic equipment.

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 33

Army Program at Edgewood Seeks to Improve Effectiveness of Detector DogsImproved detector doglr-rather

than the "Super Dog" term appliedby some news media-are the long­range objective of Edgewood (Md.)Arsenal's research and developmentselective canine breeding program.

That goal, advanced encouraginglyby the first two generations, still haseight generations to go, the Army es­timates. This calculation is the con­sensus of a select group of Army vet­erinarians and technicians.

The search to find the best breed inthe effort to develop "super snoofer"dogs originated in response, severalyears ago, to the U.S. Army's urgentneed for more effective ambush detec­tion and mine-sensor devices forSoutheast Asia operations.

Col M. W. Castleberry, chief of theprogram at Edgewood, beams withpride as he comments "that by 1980we will have a remarkably superiordog."

The program originated in 1967and the January 1968 edition of theArmy Research and DevelopmentNewsmagazine, pages 8-9, carried afeature article headlined "Army Eval­uating Skills of Dogs for SpecialDuty."

The initial effort, involving WalterReed Army Institute of Research(WRAIR) and the University ofMaryland (under contract), requiredassembling of 125 dogs. Twenty-fivein each of five categories were evalu­ated.

Castleberry explains that it is theArmy's goal "to develop a more intel­ligent and sensually acute dog whichis physically and temperamentallybetter suited for military purposes

VETERI ARIA TECHNICIAN PfcMilton Coley exercises eil, a 16·month-old German Shepherd sire u edin selective breeding program designedto develop a better military dog. Armyveterinarians estimate 10 generationswill develop the dogs they are seeking.

than is now generally available."A function of the Army's Medical

Research l>nd Development Command,the selective breeding program is con­ducted through the WRAIR Depart­ment of Bio-Sensor Research.

"Bio" means life and "sem:or" de­scribes the capacity to recognize andevaluate details of the environment.

Castleberry says that the dog iswithout a doubt the most mobile andversatile detector the Army hastoday. "There is no electronic sensingdevice at this time that can equal thedog," he says. "Members of the K­9 Corps have proved their worth timeand tiD1e again in Vietnam."

The German Shepherd was selectedfor the Army breeding program onthe basis of its suitability and learn­ing ability. Used for years by armiesthrougrO'.lt the world, this breed wasrecommended by the University ofMaryland following the evaluationprocess.

Selective breeding was launched atEdgewood Arsenal in September 1968with four males and 21 females, se­lected from more than 200 dogs exam­ined in the eastern and midwesternsections of the U.S.

The unit now keeps about 250 pup­pies and 50 adult dogs on hand. Todate more than 500 dogs have beentransferred to military units through­out the nation and overseas.

Trainers at Fort Benning, Ga., re­portedly are enthu£ed with the Edge­wood dogs. Handlers and trainers areconfident that these second-generationdogs are superior to those procuredelsewhere.

All dogs whelped at Edgewood un­dergo extensive conditioning and eval­uation from birth until 11 months ofage, when they are shipped to othermilitary units or retained for breed­ing stock.

Evaluation begins when the puppiesare eight weeks old. They undergotests once a week for the next fiveweeks and each puppy is "socialized"daily from the 4th through the 14thweek.

Evaluations include the standardfetch, sit and come tests used in se­lecting guide dogs for the blind. Othertests developed by the bio-sensor unitinclude reaction to rag play, loudnoises, bright lights and mirrors,alertness to hidden decoys, and abilityto escape from a complicated, 10-footmaze.

When the pups are seven monthsold they are tested to see how theyreact to strict basic obedience train­ing, rag agitation, to strange animals,decoys hidden in wooded areas and a

KO RAD, a 6-year-old German Shep­herd, has sired more than 200 Dys·plasia-free puppies. Dysplasia has longb en a crippling hip and elbow abnor­mality common to dogs and humans.

menace that threatens themselves andtheir handlers.

Col Castleberry pointed out that itis not the mission of his 36-man teamto train dogs for specific militaryroles, only to determine intelligence,explaining: "The only way you canjudge a dog's intelligence is by evalu­ating his ability to learn."

Usually about 50 percent of allGerman Shepherd dogs develop somedegree of hip dysplasia, a deformityof the hip joint. Selective breedingover the past three years at Edge­wood has reduced this problem consid­erably. Konrad, one of the Army'schoice studs, has sired more than 200dysplasia-free puppies.

X-rays are taken of all dogs at 5, 8and 11 months of age to check for hipand elbow dysplasia. Radiographs oftnose dogs selected for breeding stock

Col. M. W. Castleberry, chief Depart­ment of Biological Sensor Research atEdgewood (ld.) Arsenal, looks overtwo German hepherd pups, the sec­ond generation of dogs being rai edin Army selective breeding program.

34 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T EWS MAGAZINE JULY·AUG. 1971

Model Helps Determine Flare Illumination Needs

GERMAN Shepherd and pointer puppies at Edgewood (Md.) Arsenal. Duringthe past 12 months, 369 puppies were weaned from 65 litters. The presentBiological Sensor Research Group kennel population is about 300, whichincludes the German Shepherd breeding stock of 4 sires and 44 bitches.

with a dog that will be trained easier "If you think these second-genera­and faster, be more stable and physi- tion pups are something, then comecally capable to perform a wider back in a few years and we'll showrange of duties. you a truly super dog."

nition of the target can be determined.The pyrotechnic illumination scale

model is operated by the Physical Ra­diation Research Branch, Pyrotech­nics Laboratory, Feltman ResearchLaboratories. The information pro­vided is important in designing flaresystems, and in the evaluation of nu­merous potential improvements.

TERRAl MODEL of Vietnam villageis used at Picatinny Arsenal to deter­mine flare illumination requirementsfor Southeast Asia combat operations.

Flare illumination requirements inSoutheast Asia combat operations arebeing calculated by using PicatinnyArsenal's scale model of the terrain.

The model is used in an effort toestimate reliably the amount of illu­mination required to see and recog­nize military targets from theoreticalconsiderations.

Unique characteristics of flare illu­mination include spectral distribution,flicker, oscillation and drift. Thesemake it almost impossible to estimatereliably the amount of illuminationrequired for military purposes. Untilrecently, requirements were deter­mined by field tests.

The model, 10' by 40', built to a160: 1 scale, with native villages, bam­boo huts, palm trees and dense under­growth, simulates an area of South­east Asia about .3 by 1.2 miles.

Electrical sources exactly reproduceactual flares in regard to illuminationlevel, flicker, parachute descent rate,and wind velocity. Miniature tanks,guns, trucks and personnel are partof the model.

With this model, a test can be re­peated without variation as often asnecessary. Each parameter can bevaried independently to determine il­lumination requirements, just as theeffect of each parameter on the recog-

are sent to the Orthopedic Foundationof America for certification that theyaTe dysplasia-free.

All litters whelped at Edgewood areregistered with the American KennelClub. Those puppies selected for re­tention as breeders are also registeredindividually.

The bio-sensor team is proud of thefact that it has successfully weanedmore than 600 puppies during thepast 2 1h years without a single caseof distemper. They credit this re­markable feat in part to innoculatingthe puppies with gamma globulin andhuman measles vaccine at 14 days ofage. When old enough, they receivepermanent distemper shots.

Col Castleberry is confident thattheir work in developing a betterstrain of military dog will also con­tribute to a better all-around civiliandog.

"Dogs developed through selectivebreeding will be smarter, healthier,happier and more useful to both themilitary and civilian dog lover," hesaid, adding:

"With the development of a dyspla­sia-free dog, and by making the bloodlines available to the general public,the Army will help relieve the suffer­ing of many dogs and at the sametime provide less heartaches and ex­pense to their owners."

Castleberry credits dedication ofthe team of four veterinarian officersand the 30 enlisted veterinarian tech­nicians for success of the program todate. His deputy is 30-year-old CaptJeffery Lin. Capt Willard L. Wilkeis responsible for the health and com­fort of the unit's 300-plus charges,who are fed only normal dog food andexamined periodically for physical fit­ness.

First Lt Stephen E. Scalara, 24,has a master's degree in geneticsfrom the University of Arizona.Dubbed by associates as a "chromoso­mal engineer," he is in charge of thepuppy evaluations. All later work is

.. based on Scalara's recommendations.Results of the evaluation program

are being computerized and eventu­ally may be helpful in determiningwhat dogs should be used for selectivebreeding.

Many of the enlisted technicianshave college degrees. Others were vet­

~ erinary or animal husbandry stu­dents. One wa a professional animaltrainer in Hollywood until drafted.

Scientific and selective breeding hasproduced cows that give more milk,chickens more eggs, sheep more wooland horses that run faster, Col Cas­tleberry said, adding: "By using these

• same principles, we'll produce a bettermilitary dog . . . . We will come up

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 35

HumRRO Reviews 20 Years of Training, Education R&D ProgressWays of utilizing more effectively

the nation's manpower resourcesthrough technological advances intraining and education have comemore urgently into the public focus inrecent years, in line with socialchanges of profound significance.

In an exceptionally favorable posi­tion to respond creatively to this na­tionwide requirement is the HumanResources Research Organization.Originated July 31, 1961, HumRROwas established as the U.S. Army'sprincipal training and education re­search and development contractagency, and has held that status.

Known until late 1969 as theHuman Resources Research Office ofthe George Washington University,HumRRO terminated that affiliationto reorganize as an independent non­profit organization. The purpose wasto provide greater flexibility in under­taking contract R&D in its highlyspecialized field with private industryand other federal and local agencies.

Progressing steadily in furtheranceof that objective, HumRRO still con­centrates about 75 percent of its totalactivities on U.S. Army requirementsfor R&D studies.

Other contract efforts are with theU.S. Navy, Air Force, Federal Avia­tion Administration, U.S. Departmentof Transportation, Department ofLabor, National Science Foundation,and National Institute of MentalHealth.

In marking the 20th anniversary,July 31, HumRRO investigators couldtake well-earned pride in achieve­ments that have contributed impor­tantly to solution of many U.S. Armytraining and educational problems.

HumRRO scientists have providedthe Army with R&D information,training programs, training deVlces

and other products tl,at have conedsuccessfully with problems of motiva­tlOn, leadership and personnel man­agement.

Complete "packages" of instructionfor riflemen, medical corpsmen, radiooperators, field wiremen, armor crew­men and junior noncommissioned()!lwers \amol.g many others), werebaEed on development of psychotech­nology of instruction.

Uses to which the U.S. Army hasdirected HumRRO-developed informa­tion are spelled out in a series ofpamphlets published by the U.S. Con­tinental Army Command. More than1,200 reports and papers HumRROhas produced for the Army in 20years are listed and annotated in theHumRRO Bibliography of Publica­tions.

Copies of the CONARC pamphletsand bibliography are available uponrequest from HumRRO, 300 N. Wash·ington Street, Alexandria, Va. 22314.

CONARC Regulation 35~10~1,

Systems Engineering of Training,elllbodies major concepts and tech­niques that HumRRO behavioral sci­entists have produced for the Armysince 1951. It requires that all coursestaught in CONARC's 26 schools be"systems-engineered," in effect, rede­signed in accordance with moderntechnology.

HumRRO's contributions to theeffectiveness of the U.S. Army's vasttraining program, involving man-ma­chine compatibility whenever a newweapon or weapon system comes intobeing, takes on real meaning in con­sideration of the fact that 70 to 80percent of the life cycle costs of aweapon system are personnel costs.

The Department of Defense hastermed CONARC Regulation<>Dv-.Lu~1 a n.Odel ~or all tne U.S.

•

Armed Forces in systems engineeringdesigned to achieve a 10 to 15 percentreduction in training costs--mean­while improving the proficiency ofcourse graduates.

HumRRO R&D studies are identi­fied by a code name or acronym. List­ing of the more significant of thestudies over the past two decades iscomplicated by the fact that theArmy tends to stress those that haveproduced specific products; HumRROscientists tend to favor those moregeneralizable--that is, have producedprinciples applicable to a number ofArmy or even civilian needs.

HumRRO's most ambitious effort in20 years is easy to identify, withouteven a close second. Project IMPACT(Instructional Model Prototypes At­tainable in Computerized Training)was initiated in 1967 as a 5-year esti­mated $4.3 million R&D programheaded by Dr. Robert Seidel of Divi­sion No. 1.

The project will actually takelonger to complete than originallyplanned because of a reduction in thelevel of per-year Army funding. It isnow scheduled for completion in 1974.

Because of its vast interest to aca­demic institutions throughout theUnited States - although directedprimarily from the outset to mil­itary training applications - ProjectIMPACT has attracted support, too,from the National Science Foundationand the James McKeen Cattell Fund.(A detailed discussion of ProjectIMPACT will conclude this article.)

Some other Army HumRRO resultsare:

FORECAST-produced a new ap­proach to Army electronics mainte­nance training ... cut classroom in­struction hours by more than half

PACE-SETTI G TECHNICAL DIRECTOR Billy 1. Horton,U.S. Army Barry Diamond Laboratories, honored recentlyas Inventor-of-the-Year by the Patent, Trademark andCopyright Institute of George Washington University, issurrounded by HDL employees who also are recent patentwinners. Honored for their inventions at a ceremony July28, with HDL Commander Col David W. Einsel Jr. presiding,were (1. to r.) John F. Burke, flueric vortex proportional

amplifier (with John L. Dunn and K. R. Scudder); FernandoVillarroel, plural re d reciprocating generator (with Carl J.Campagnuolo); Jonothan E. Fine, fluidic demodulator (withCampagnuolo); Col Einsel; Billy Horton; Allan B. Holmes,supersonic jet engine flueric bypass control (with R. W.Warren); George Mon, fluid amplifier with improved inter­action region; C. J. Campagnuolo; Warren P. 10rrow, minefuze safing system; and John L. Dunn.

86 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE JULY.AUG. 1971

ECOM Announces Thermoelectric Mini Generator

while maintaini g proficiency of thegraduates.

LOCK-ON-produced a method(and materials) for on-the-job train­ing of guided missile operators. TheArmy adopted this method and mate­rials, and also based its "conven­tional" instructional program on theLOCK-ON appr ach.

ARMORNlTE-examined the hu­man factors aspects of armor oper­ations under conditions of limited vis­ibility, and made recommendationswhich the Army adopted for tanknight fighting.

SHOCKACTlON.---developed a newprogram of advanced individual train­ing for armor crewmen; currentarmor AIT is bused on it.

FlGHTE&-developed an approachwhich increases the trainee's confid­ence in his ability to "do the job."

NCO-developed Leader Prepara­tory Program, enabling the Army toidentify and train junior NCOs earlyin their careers.

OFFTRAlN-produced methods andmaterials for teaching leadershipto ROTC cadets and junior officers.primarily in garrison use.

LEAD-identified the criticalcombat skills and knowledges requiredof the small-unit infantry leader.

TRANSITION-studied problemsinvolved in transitioning civilians intosoldiers, and made recommendationsfor improving the process. Findingswere incorporated in Drill SergeantProgram (for which HumRRO devel­oped the instruction program).

SUPPORT---developed a newmethod for combining BCT and AlTfor the medical corpsman; utilized in­structional tel vision to improve thetraining' program.

CONTACT-produced tape-record­ed, self-instructional programs togive front-line soldiers a limited lan­guage capability in Russian and Man­darin Chinese.

MALT-produced a tape-recorded,self-instructional program in Viet­namese language, tailored for mili-

p. tary advisers.AUTOSPAN-produced a tape-rec­

orded, beginner's level self-instruc­tional program in Spanish.

PATROL--produced a "package"of instruction for infantry soldiers toincrease accuracy, extent, and relia­bility of information obtained fromreconnaissance patrols.

lNGO-produced a new method forderiving instructional objectives fromjob and task analyses, adopted andpromulgated by CONARC in CONRegulation 350-100-l.

SAMOFF- roduced systematic a­nalyses of updating training require­ments and procedures for surface-to­air missile officers.

UPSTREAM---developed a set ofprocedures the Army can use in pre­dicting training requirements, and de­veloping new training programs, forfuture air-defense guided missile sys-tems. I

ECHO-training program for heli­copter pilot candidates that reducedattrition and increased proficiency ofgraduates.

SYNTRAlN-studied use of avia­tion training devices and developedplans for synthetic flight trainingsystem which promises to save Armymillions of dollars each year.

UPGRADE---developed an ap-proach to improving aviation mainte­nance training through task and in­structional analyses.

AREA---developed concepts andtechniques for training U.S. militarypersonnel to work productively in for-

Development of a 500-watt, 28-voltdirect current thermoelectric genera­tor, without moving parts and weigh­ing only 57 pounds, was announcedrecently by the Army ElectronicsCommand, Fort Monmouth, N.J.

Fully "militarized," the 26-inchhigh generator is only 18 inches indiameter. Consuming only about halfa gallon of fuel (diesel oil, gasoline oraircraft fuels) an hour, it can operateunattended in field areas as long asthe fuel supply lasts.

Built for and demonstrated withthe Army's new low-frequency air­craft beacon, the AN/TRN-30, thegenerator may be used with fieldradio transmitters and receivers, ra­dars, data terminals and navigationalaid equipment. It also can be em­ployed as a vehicular-mounted batterycharger.

Generation of electricity by applica­tion of heat to two dissimilar metals

THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR,designed to operate 1,000 hours withoutmaintenance, is demonstrated with low­frequency AN/TRN-30 aircraft beacon.

eign countries with host-country per­sonmel.

JOBTRAIN---developed a newmethod for building training pro­grams for Signal Corps electronics re­pairmen.

OBSERVE---developed training foraerial observers; program can betaught in classroom or can be self-in­structional; produced the Army's first"programed" technical manuals.

STOCK---developed a set of proce­dures (now being used by the Quar­termaster School) for managing thetraining of widely heterogeneous abil­ity groups.

RECON---developed training meth­ods and techniques for improving thecombat readiness of Armored CavalryPlatoons.

REALTSTIC-determined the read­(Continued on page 98)

in a thermocouple, which is the prin­ciple of the thermoelectric generator,has been used for years on a limitedbasis-primarily in the laboratory fortemperature measurement or commer­cially for controls.

Instead of being made of two diff­erent metals, each thermocouple inthe Army's generator is a singlelead-telluride semiconductor whosetwo sides are "doped," or treated, sep­arately. One side is positive and theother negative.

The 500-watt unit has 256 suchthermocouples, hermetically sealed be­tween "hot" and "cold" walls-the hotside with a maintained heat of1,100°F. and the cold side at 250°F.by forced air cooling.

Maintenance of heat on the hot wallis achieved by ultrasonically atomiz­ing and burning any of the variousfuels with an atomizer driven at 77kilohertz (77,000 cycles per second)by a transistorized oscillator whosetransducer is a piezoelectric disc. Thepower is taken from the cold wall.

The thermoelectric generator can beused for continuous operation and isdesigned for a minimum of 1,000hours without maintenance. It is in­audible beyond 100 feet.

Participating with the Army Elec­tronics Command in work on the gen­erator was the Minnesota Mining andManufacturing Co., which is nowbuilding three engineering develop­ment qualification units.

The thermoelectric generator is oneof many military power sources underdevelopment at the Power Sources Di­vision of ECOM's Electronic Compo­nents Laboratory. Project engineer isJoseph P. Angello of Eatontown, N.J.,chief of the Thermal Conversion Sec­tion of the Power Sources Division.

JULY·AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 37

Roger M. Atkins

eluding the CAl language, and a newlanguage was developed linked withthe IBM Coursewriter language-toover~()me limitations of that languageand lIllCrease the potential of the sys­tem.

Software changes and other devel­opments are directed towards makingthe system foolproof, limiting thenumber of monitors necessary, and si­multaneously providing for a largenumber of students.

Despite budget cuts, HumRRO hasdeveloped, to varying degrees, the soft­ware, hardware, and instructionalmaterial for the CAl course.

Current efforts include developing asecond version of the Course incorpl>­rating all the improvements. The fea­sibilit.y of voice input and outputtechmques is being investigated.. Dr. Felix Kopstein, principal asso­

CIate of Dr. Robert J. Seidel, head ofthe research team, distinguished be­tween development progress and useof that which gets developed opera­tionally.

In his opinion, experiments haveyielded a fair idea of how the Armycan or could make operational use ofwhat has been developed, and it isnow the Army's role to implementCAl experimentally in its schoolsparticularly thos.e of the ContinentaiArmy Command. He feels the projecthas reached a stage at which "limitedoperational implementation seems fea­sible."

Much work remains to be donehowever. Increasingly complex SYS~tems with increasingly sophisticatedsUbj~ct matter must be taught. Re­movm~ some. restriction3 of the sys­tem, lncreasmg its efficiency andmaking the program more cost benefi­cial are all part of future goals.

Ralph Dabbs, relOearch manager forthe project, adds that COBOL I mustb~ perfected now; also, based on expe­rIence, that technical documentationbe refined to assist further develop­ment of this and other CAl efforts.

puter, display devices to present in­formation to the students and takeanswers, and teaching devices that re­turn answers to the system for analy­sis and storage.

Software-the computer languageand processes which drive the coursesof the computer--carries signals fromthe computer to students, and viceversa. Software is of the basic tele­communications access mode(BTAM).

The system requires development ofan instructional logic and instruc­tional material is another part of theresearch effort.

Heart of the CAl system is the in­structional decision model. This modelstores information about the studenthis capabilities, and the COurse' italso provides a means for interactionof information.

The decision to determine what todo with a student at a given time isbased upon student answers to partic­ular qu~st!ons, his history of respon­ses to slmllar types of questions andhis aptitudes and abilities as ~scer­tained by a battery of tests.

Previously, tests were conducted todetermine what aptitudes and abilitiesare predictive of performance.Through cluster analysis, and subse­quent correlation of test Scores withperformance as predictors, a small,select group of tests was chosen.

The purpose of the first program ofinstruction was to teach commOn busi­n~s~ oriented language, COBOL, tolmh~ary and civilian programers.SUbJects. were chosen from ProjectTRANS!TION, designed to assistthose leaving the Army to developskills of marketable economy.

Results suggested breaking downtre ~ourse to lOmall units (modules) t()prOVIde more easily instruction par­ticularly needed by students. Alterna­tive modules were also established.

Some so1tware was modified, in.

MERDC Assigns Atkins as Representative in VietnamRoger M. Atkins is the U.S. Army Mobility Equipment R&D Center's

iM~~DC) pfourth representative in Vietnam under the Vietnam LaboratorySSlS ~nce rogram, Army (VLAPA).Atkms replaces Jimmy Lee, who recently returned to his re I .

a~ an elect:onics engineer in the MERDC Intru- gu ar assIgnmentSlOn DetectlOn and Sensor Laboratory. The otherswere ';ernon Urie and Jack Stevenson.

Atkms will visit various bases to ascertain inwh~t manner the center can assist in improvingequIpment under test or evaluation in Vietnam.Grad~ated from Purdue University with a BS

degree lD metallurgical engineering in 1947 hewas empl?yed in private industry prior to jOi~ingMERDC m 1969. Currently he is employed in theSyst~ms Management Division, Systems Engi­neermg and Computation Support Office.

HumRRO Reviews 20 Years of Progress in R&D(Continued from page 97)

ing, listening, and arithmetic skillsrequired for major military occupa­tional specialties.

SWINGSHIFT-developed trainingmethods for improving individual ands~uad infantry performance in opera­tions during periods of limited visibil­ity.

NIGHTSIGHTS-produced infor­mation on ability of individuals to usethe new electronic night-vision de­vices; developed instructional methodsand materials for teaching their use.

SKYFIRE-developed method fort~aining infantrymen to locate, idelb­bfy and fire upon incoming hostileaircraft with small arms.

TRAINMAN-developed a programto ~e~ch ~rmy officers how to managetraInmg In accordance with latest de­velopments in instructional technol­ogy.

President (Dr.) Meredith P. Craw­ford has headed HumRRO since itsinception and Dr. William A. McClel­land, executive vice president hasserved since Sept. 26, 1955. CharlesW. Smith is treasurer. In charge ofthe four HQ directorates at 300 N.Washington St., Alexandria, Va., are:

Arnold A. Heyl, Operations; Dr.Eugene A. Cogan, Research Designand Reporting; Dr. Robert G. SmithJr., P~ogram Development; CharlesW. Smlth, Business Affairs.

Directors of divisions are: Dr. J.!?aniel Lyons, No. I, Systems Opera­tIOns, Alexandria; Dr. Donald F.Haggard, No.2, Fort Knox, Ky.; Dr.Howard H. McFann, No.3, Presidioof Monterey, Calif.; Dr. T. O. Jacobs

o. 4, Fort Benning, Ga.; Dr. AlbertL. Kubala, No.5, Fort Bliss, Tex.;Dr. Wallace W. Prophet, No.6, FortRucker, ~a. i ~r. Arthur J. Hoehn.,No.7, SOCIal SClence, Alexandria.

Former Secretary of the Army Ste­phen Ailes is chairman of the 12­member Board of Trustees, and presi­dent, Association of American Rail­roads. Vice Chairman Dr. Louis T.Rader is chairman, Department ofElectrical Engineering and professorBusiness Administration Universit;?f Vir~inia. Other memb~rs hold keymdustrlal or academic posts.

PROJECT IMPACT reportedly isprogressing satisfactorily toward itsgoal of achieving effective methods ofcomputer-as~isted in truction (CAl).The operatmg prototype system iscapable of matching specific subject~~t~er wi~h individual trainee capa­bl~ltle~, Wl~h a wide diversity of ap­plicatlOns ln numerous diverse loca­tions.

System hardware includes a com-

38 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINEJULY-AUG. 1971

BESRL Officials Consider Extension of SIM OS to Field Units

OFFICER SUBJECT charts hypo­thetical location of enemy troops insimulation study of command informa­tion-processing and decision-making.

lectronics," a novel field of cyberneticsdesigned to extend man's intellectualabilities through computer technology.

SIMTOS and researchers in the en­tire intellectronics field use ccmputersto explore the contingencies inherentin various decision alternatives. This"decision look-ahead technique" is in­tended to prevent contingent errors indecision-making by revealing ind'orma­tion essential to sound judgment. Thecomputerized concept aims to projectall effects possible within a pro­gramed scenario.

BESRL plans to offer these samecomputer-assistance techniques toArmy field officers through direct ap­plication of SlMTOS findings.

Col Ives Directs Test Operations at USATECOMCol Robert N. Ives is the new director of Test Operations at HQ U.S. Army

Test and Evaluation Command (USATECOM), Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md.Graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1945, he is also

a graduate from the Army Command and General Staff College, and theIndustrial College of the Armed Forces. He was a student at the University of

California at Los Angeles when selected to attendthe academy.

Col Ives served two years (1967-68) as chief ofthe Command, Control and CommunicationsBranch, Joint Continental Defense Systems Inte.­gration Planning Staff, U.S. Army Element,Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Until assignedto TECOM he was chief of the Republic of Viet­nam Armed Forces Plans and Force StructureDivision, U.S. Army Military Assistance Com­mand. In 1966-67 he commanded the 1st Battal­ion, 32d Infantry, 7th Infantry Division in Korea.

His military decorations include the Legion ofMerit, Bronze Star Medal, Joint Services Com­mendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, Merito­rious Service Medal, Army Commendation Medaland the Combat Infantryman Badge.

briefing papers. Officers may be re.­quested to 'role-play' the enemy's ex­pected tactical maneuvers.

From a separate experimelLter-con­trol booth, the project coordinator isable to monitor the decision-makingbehavior of officers working in fourindividual isolation booths. The boothsare "ideal for facilitating reliable ex­perimental conditions essential to acontrolled exercise environment."

About 130 officer subjects have par­ticipated in these simulations runsover a 3-year period. From the databank still being developed by theseexperiments, BESRL psychologistswill investigate an extensive varietyof research applications.

"Decision-process pattern scores" ofall subjects will supply experimenterswith:

• Indications of the type of infor­mation most consistently requested byofficers, systematically presented withidentical problem-situations.

• The specific order in whichofficers query the computer for data.

• The frequency distribution of in­formation requests over the time pe­riod allotted to the decision.

The Army plans to utilize the iru­formation gathered from the SIMTOSstudy to improve officer training pro­grams. Eventually, officers in the fieldwill use remote computer consoles to"plug into" a central data bank tosupplement their decision-orientedseeking of information as a normalpart of daily activities.

Baker foresees far-reaching impli­cations of SIMTOS as an experimentin computer-assisted decision-making.SIMTOS is termed a study in "intel-

Rewarding re ults of SIMTOS(Simulated Tactical Operations Sys­tems), tested three years by the ArmyBehavior and Systems Research Labo­ratory as an aid to key decision-mak­ers, have reached a point where theyhave direct implications for Armysystems in the field.

BESRL scientists are exploring thefeasibility of establishing remote com­puter terminals in the field to provideproficiency maintenance support forplanning and operations decision-mak­ers.

Directed by James D. Baker, seniortask leader of BESRL Command In­formation Systems, the study is beingcontinued as an investigation of thedeterminable critical factors in mak­ing successful tactical decisions.

Since January 1970, BESRL hasbeen one of three laboratories of theU.S. Army Manpower Resources Re­search and Development Center,which was then established in Arling-on, Va. BESRL, however, traces its

origin to 1917 and has passed throughnumerous redesignations and reorgan­izations.

Currently deeply involved in behav­ioral research aspects related to someof the major areas in the Modern Vol­unteer Army Program, BESRL is de-cribed by its director, Dr. J. E. Uhla­er, as one of the nation's first organ­

izations to apply computer scienceand technology to personnel selectionand motivational problems, beginning15 yeaTS ago.

SIMTOS deals essentially with thecommunication, processes, the subtle­ties of me sage encoding and screen­ing irrelevant from relevant informa­tion for decision-makers; also, the op­timal means of message display (e.g.,alpha-numeric vs. graphic) for rapidassimilation.

In its efforts to explore the numer­ous complex aspects of command in­formation processing and decision­making, BESRL has devised a combatecision booth. An experimenter-con­

trolled teletype riter bombards theofficer-subject with hypothetical infor­mation from the field, extensive map­ping of the hypothetical combat area,and enemy troop location.

Within the booth is a computer con­sole, giving the officer an index ofavailable information categories per­taining to the hypothetical tactical de­cisions he must make and justify.

During the particular time limit seton hi 3-to-1 clock, the officer is re­quested to query the computer fordata deemed most pertinent to thesimulated combat problem; also, tojustify his conclusions in explanatory

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 39

Army Agencies Discuss Future Role in Pollution Abatement Areas

ATTe Aids University of Panama During D7E Tests

ARMY D7E TRACTOR, equipped with larden bru h-cutter, digs in at ni­versity of Panama Research Farm during product improvement tests conductedby HQ U.S. Army Tropic Test Center, Fort Clayton, Panama Canal Zone.

Pollution abatement areas pertinentto military operations and currentcapabilities for corrective action in anintegrated, coordinated program weredi cus ed at a recent conference ofU.S. Army Materiel Command repre­sentatives and other agencies.

In his opening remarks, Brig GenMahlon E. Gates, AMC Director ofResearch, Development and Engineer­ing, stressed that communication di­rected toward a more comprehensiveunderstanding of the magnitude ofthe over-all problem, as related toArmy program development, was thebasic purpose.

Discussion development of a databank and center in the Office of theChief of Research and Development tocoordinate over-all Army long-rangeenvironmental quality goals.

Serendipitous civilian benefits werecombined with military testing objec­tives when the U.S. Army Tropic TestCentel', Panama Canal Zone, con­ducted recent product improvementtest of the D7E medium tractor.

Routine evaluation of the Mardenbrush-cutter developed into a full­fledged civic action when the Univer­sity of Panama asked the U.S. Armyto help in clearing pasture land at itsresearch farm. The Third Civil Af­fairs Group of the U.S. Army South­ern Command responded favorably.

Designed to clear land covered bysecondary growth containing little orno heavy timber, the test equipmentconsists of two drum rollers fittedwith longitudinal cutting blades.Weight can be increased by addingwater or oil to the drums. A full­tracked tractor is required as a primemover.

Test plans for the brush-cutter, oneof five pieces of land clearing equip­ment being evaluated by the Tropic

AMC Deputy CG for MaterielAcquisition Maj Gen John R. Guthriecontributed a strong sense of purposeand motivation to the conference byexplaining, in a letter, that the AMCand Army-wide programs will entaila systematic evolution of proceduresand capabilities to:

• Define the over-all Army pollu­tion problem related to operations.

• Compare the Army problem ofemission of environmental pollutantsas related to existing federal stand­ards, and develop standards as neces­sary.

e Undertake appropriate actions toensure continued compliance with fu­ture environmental quality require­ments.

Army Vice Chief of Staff GeneralBruce Palmer Jr. provided guidance

Test Center, called for completion ofa 50-hour test mission in a humidtropic environment, which Panamapossesses in abundance.

In pection of the areas to becleared at the university researchfarm disclosed that they consisted pri­marily of overgrown farm land, mak­ing them well-suited to the Army'spurpose.

With an ideal test site at hand andan appr dative host, the Army's trac­tors mov d "on campus" in early Mayto begin clearing operations.

In the over-all test, the objectiveswere to compare the performance of atractor equipped with a Bush HogTreedozer Blade, the Rome Plow, theSpade Plow, and the Fleco V-Blade.

Other functions included a compari­son of the performance of a tractorwith an armored radiator to oneequipped with a standard radiator;also, evaluating relative merits of theSpade Plow and the Marden Brush­Cutter.

relative to the envisioned scope ofArmy pollution control and environ­mental quality objectives in a letterthat stated, in part:

"... Avoid directing ... efforts toresolving even those problems thatapply both to the military and thegeneral public, if the problems arebeing addressed by nonmilitary gov­ernment agencies, Or would moreproperly fall within their responsibil­ities ...."

General Palmer's letter recognizedalso that "Each Agency has special­ized capabilities that can and shouldbe utilized by other Army agencies. Inthis regard, persons operating in posi­tions with liaison potential shouldmaintain contact and coordinate capa­bilities and requirements with theircounterparts in other agencies ..."

Further clarification limiting thescope of the Army activities came ina letter from the Office of the GeneralCounsel, Environmental ProtectionAgency, U.S. GO\iernment. It statesthat tracked vehicles do not have toconform to the emission control stand­ards of the Cleal1J Air Act.

Army Materiel Command activitiesrepresented at the meeting includedthose responsive to pollution abate­ment problems as part of their mis-ion responsibilitie~, e.g., re earch, de­

velopment, engineering, procurement,construction and maintenance.

Reports were presented by theNatick (Mass.) Laboratories(NLABS), Tank-Automotive Com­mand (TACOM), Mobility EquipmentCommand (MECOM), MunitionsCommand (MUCOM), Aviation Sys­tems Command (AVSCOM), and theCoating and Chemical Laboratory(C&CL) at the Aberdeen (Md.) R&DCenter.

Arn1Y agencies represented that didnot present reports included the Officeof the Chief of Research and Develop­ment, Office of the Chief of Engi­neers, Office of the Surgeon General,Electronics Command, Test and Eval­uation Command, and Missile Com­mand.

NLABS reported on studies in fourareas: the conversion of waste paperproduct to glucose sugar or clean­burning fuel, studies in biodegrada­tion, the particle analysis of air pollu­tants, and disposal problems. Dr.Fred Oesterling introduced theNLABS presentation and describedthe process of converting cellulose(waste paper) to glucose. (For de­scriptive details, see Army R&DNewsmagazine, April-May-June, p. 1.)

Dr. Arthur M. Kaplan, head, Ap-

40 ARMY RESEARCH AND DE ELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

MARK FOUR Version of British Army Chieftain Main Battle Tank

British Team Tests Chieftain Tank at Yuma PCpower and a larger radius of action.Major improvements at that time in­cluded:

• A 120-millimeter gun, stabilizedin azimuth and elevation, using am­munition with separate baggedcharges.

• A short period to target engage­ment.

• Immunity against conventionalattack achieved by low silhouette andheavy, well-disposed armor. Filteredair, maintained at slightly above at­mospheric pressure, gave the crewcompartment protection against nu­clear, biological and chemical effects.

• A multifuel opposed piston en­gine.

• A unique gear change systemthat eliminated driver fatigue andspeeded the changing of gears.

MECOM, including Army watercraftranging from small tankers to out­board driven crafts are part ofMECOM's pollution abatementconcern.

MECOM would like to initiate aprogram to evaluate oil-in-water mon­itoring equipment and oily water sep­arators, because the hazard of poten­tial oil pollution is ever present atArmy installations activities.

Should present equipment prove in­adequate to deal with Army-generatedoily water discharges, MECOM wouldprefer to develop adequate oil/waterseparators to process such waste.

AMC recommended that MECOMindicate that this effort is not a dupli­cation of any other agency's effort orof maritime interest to the U.S.Navy, U.S. Coast Guard, etc. It wasfurther advised that this program becoordinated with an earlier approvedprogram, dealing with water craftusage, to provide a "package" ap­proach for marine craft, with the ex­ception of engine exhaust.

MUCOM claimed that, with 32 in-

(Continued on page 42)

Britain's Mark Four version of itsChieftain main battle tank is at theYuma (Ariz.) Proving Ground wherea 26-man British Army trials team issubjecting it to three months of pro­gressive environmental testing.

The Chieftain was billed by theBritish Ministry of Defence as "thebattle tank of the 1970s" when it wasintroduced in the early 1960s.

In the current trials, endurance anddurability in hot, dry desert condi­tions will be two of the categoriesunder examination, stated Lt Col Les­lie Douglass, British Embassy repre­sentative.

"... Embodying new requirementsarising from lessons learned in thepast," the Chieftain was described bythe Ministry of Defence when it wasintroduced as providing greater fire-

in nine fully equipped temperaturecontrolled test cells. Capacity rangingfrom larger type vehicles as a totalsystem, to engine/drive train compo­nents, permits the application andevaluation of alternate correctiveactions under the entire spectrum ofambient conditions.

Delivery of an exhaust gas analy­zer system in November will provideTACOM with complete baseline andcertification testing capabilities forboth spark ignition and compressedignition systems.

An aldehyde test apparatus and alarge Clayton Dynamometer will soonbe operable. This will permit testingof all wheeled vehicles in present orplanned use. A mobile emissions labo­ratory is planned to evaluate emissionlevels anywhere in the ContinentalUnited States.

MECOM provides some 50,000 diff­erent items of equipment, spare parts,and tools used by the Army. Responsi­bility includes sanitizing waters inhostile environments, as well as wastewaters from Army operations.

Engine-driven items managed by

:plied Microbiology Group, PioneeringResearch Laboratory, reported onthat group's research in pollutionabatement. Three decades of experi­ments in biodegradation, suggestedDr. Kaplan, render Natick highlycapable in the study areas of biode­gradability of machine-working fluids,biocides, detergents and s~rfactants,

polymers and plastics, packaging ma­terials, and degradation through co­metabolism.

Pollution abatement activities inpackaging, food service equipmentand organizational field equipmentwere explained by Dr. Leslie A.McClaine, chief, Engineering SciencesDivision, General Equipment andPackaging Laboratory.

Natick Laboratories' problems in­clude dealing with the solid wastes ofpackaging, food and packaging wastesof the food service systems, and con­taminated water from preparativeand cleaning operations. These in­clude control, handling, and disposalproblems in both garrison and fieldsituations.

Some approaches being investigated-include plastic laminates to replacecans, vacuum packing to reduce bulk,and expandabl field shelters adapta­ble as a field kitchen or latrine unit.

Another study area involves mini­mizing waste disposal through re­claiming, recycling, or reusing pack­age materials, as well as exploringtile use of new materials and designs.Reduction, elimination and conversionof wastes are the major concerns em­phasized by the General Equipmentand Packaging Laboratory.

Particle analysis of air pollutantsat NLABS was presented by Dr. JohnA. Sousa, Quantum Physics Group,Physical Science Division.

Particles greater than 0.1 micronsin size contribute to the visible airpollution in the form of smog andindustrial plumes. These particlesconstitute the greater fraction byweight, but little is known of the par­ticles smaller than 0.1 microns, which

~ are greater in number and concentra­tion.

The dominant mechanism in theformation of submicroscopic particlesis combustion. Techniques to studythe smaller particles include laserspectroscopy, E'lectron spin resonance,flash photoly is, and pulse radiolysis.

TACOM's presentation focused onreduction of exhaust gas pollutantsfrom ground operating vehicles. In­ternal combustion power plants af­fected include diesel engines, andspark ignition engines.

The Propulsion Systems Division~ has the in-house capability to test

compression ignition engine emission

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE

Army Group Redesignated at Training Device Center

Army Agencies Discuss Roles in Pollution Abatement(Continued from page 41)

stallations and activities in 20 states,it has the "largest pollution abate­ment problem within the Departmentof Defense." It was the fourth largestU.S. manufacturing industry inFiscal Year 1969, exceeded only byGeneral Motors, General Electric, andChrysler Corp.

Installation of "red water incinera­tors" at Joliet Army Munition Plantin 1955 and current updating ofwaste treatment facilities at MUCOMinstallations are designed to meet fed­eral, state and local standards. Sepa­rate short-range and long-range mod­ernization programs are planned forabatement procedures.

Meeting anticipated standards, itwas stressed, requires an extension ofcapabilities through research, develop­ment, and engineering in support ofthe manufacturing operations. Enditem developments are carried on inthree MUCOM installations.

Edgewood Arsenal is the center forchemical warfare items, FrankfordArsenal for metal parts, and Pica­tinny Arsenal for explosives, propel­lants and pyrotechnics. Each commod­ity center is responsible for the load,assembly and pack operations for itsmission-oriented items.

The U.S. Army Air Mobility Re­search and Development Laboratory(AMRDL), an activity of AVSCOM,explained its pollution abatement cap­abilities and needs in noise pollution,

Redesignation of the U.S. ArmyParticipation Group at the NavalTraining Device Center, Orlando,Fla., gives the unit a new name as theU.S. Army Training Device Agency.

Participating in an unveiling cere­mony showing the sign with the newname were Col Robert E. Phelps, com­mander of the unit (since succeededby Lt Col Myles H. Mierswa), andCapt Frank H. Featherston, com­mander of the Naval Training DeviceCenter.

When established in 1950 byArmy-Navy agreement, the U.S.Army Participation Group was partof the Continental Army Command.During the 1962 Army-wide reorgani­zation, it was shifted to the ArmyMateriel Command.

Col Phelps emphasized that the re­designation "will not affect the closeworking relationship the Army Grouphas had with the Naval TrainingDevice Center for more than 21years."

The new name, he added, will pro­vide greater visibility throughout theArmy. The cutback in defense fund-

emphasizing its facilities available toother Army agencies desiring to re­duce noise-pollution problems.

AVSCOM aircraft noise research isalmost exclusively related to rotary­wing aircraft noise, with the majorityof that work addressed to aerodynam­ically generated noise. The Army'sprimary objective is to minimize air­craft detection time and distance.

Additional goals include reductionof aircraft cabin noise, and noise tothe surrounding community. Basicacoustic theory and vortex sheddingnoise are being investigated, as is hel­icopter and V/STOL noise reduction.

The Coating and Chemical Labora­tory is concerned with fuels and lu­bricants for Army vehicles, and or­ganic and semi-organic coatings usedfor surface preservation. Current pol­lution abatement procedures includethe investigation of specifications andtest procedures for low-leaded or un­leaded gasolines, improved combustionproperties of diesel fuels, improvedengine oils and other lubricants.

In addition to these studies onabatement of pollution from mobilesources, work is being done to reducepollution in two other areas, underthe Organic Materials Program.

The first of these is the eliminationof photochemically reactive solventsfrom organic coatings. Second is theelimination of fluorides and chromatesfrom phosphatizing baths used in theproduction of ammunition and other

ing accents the need for expanded useof training devices as a means to theachievement of the goal of finding"more efficient and less costly ways ofaccomplishing the Army's trainingmission."

Col Phelps said the Army Chief ofStaff is in strong support of betterutilization of training devices in theArmy, and that numerous general of­ficers and many senior Army officershave visited or are turning to theArmy Training Device Agency for as­sistance in solving training problems.

types of equipment.In the summary, Dr. J. V. Richard

Kaufman, AMC Deputy Director ofResearch, Development and Engineer­ing (Plans), reemphasized the needfor joint projects in areas related topollution abatement rather than single command projects which may tendto duplicate.

Dr. Kaufman reported the currentfunding status of FY 72 R&D pollu­tion abatement projects. He stressedthat neither OCRD nor AMC has a"kitty" of withheld funds, and recom­mended that unfunded requirementsbe absorbed within program re­sources.

Throughout the meeting, the abilityof AMC, in terms of both staff andequipment, to investigate pollutionabatement procedures was empha­sized. Stress was also placed on theneed for coordination and communica­tion to utilize effectively this potential.

Surplus Equipment in SEATo Be Used in AUTODIN

Equipment made surplus by troopreductions in Southeast Asia will beused in test programs for the integra­tion of intelligence communicationsinto the automatic digital network(AUTODIN).

Maj Gen W. B. Latta, head of theworldwide Army Strategic Communi­cations Command (STRATCOM), saidthe integration will save "several mil­lion dollars" in manpower and essen­tial equipment.

Surplus equipment will be used todevelop, test and proof communica­tions hardware and software systemsfor the intelligence community.

AUTODIN, which became opera­tional in the early 1960s, is a modernautomated computer-contrOlled datasystem that provides communicationsat speeds up to 6,000 words a minutein support of the defense communica­tions system.

In contrast, the present manualtorn-tape intelligence communicationsnetwork (Defense Special SecurityCommunications System, DSSCS),utilizing a semi-automatic teletype­writer system developed in WorldWar II, operates at 60 to 100 words­per-minute and requires many humaninteractions.

Placing the DSSCS on AUTODINis expected to reduce significantly thehuman errors; also, to provide greaterwriter-to-reader speed and full systembackup for message transmission re­liability, as well as an error-detectioncapability.

To facilitate the integration, theAUTODIN switching center at NHATrang, Vietnam, is being relocated tothe East Coast TelecommunicationsCenter, Fort Detrick, Md.

ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZI E JULY-AUG. 1971

SPL Rates Weapons Systems Concepts at Aberdeen R&D Center

OPTICAL SY TEM is used to determine effects of the atmosphere on electro­magnetic radiation in the Signature and Propagation Laboratory at APG. Thesystem includes a helium-neon laser source and a beam-splitting device.

Other efforts include the measure­ment of laser-beam bending caused byatmospheric shimmer; also, the meas­urement of the attributes of militarytargets (tanks) by which they can bedetected and identified by shape,sound, temperature, reflectivity, etc.These characteristics are called thetarget's signature.

Results of these studies and relatedprojects currently in the planningstage are expected to yield informa­tion and data of considerable scientificvalue in determining componentry ofmany of the weapons systems re­quired to provide more effective andefficient firepower for the futureArmy.

with methods of missile guidance,with emphasis on correlation and pat­tern recognition concepts; effects ofthe external environment upon weap­ons system technical feasibility; anal­ysis of concepts, including analog sim­ulations; and the theory of measure­ments in these areas.

Some of the projects in progressare a radar-like experiment workingat a frequency of 70 GHz (that's 650times higher in frequency than FMradio); a highly complex experimentfor duplicating in the laboratory cer­tain reactions occuring in the upperair; and the development of a weap­ons concept for shooting at tanks"over the hill" with deadly accuracy.

Ponder Heads TECOM Infantry Materiel Test DirectorateCol Lewington S. Ponder is the new director of the Infantry Materiel

Testing Directorate, U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (TECOM),Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md. He was Eerving with the Iniantry TrainingCenter, Fort Lewis, Wash., until selected for the TECOM assignment.

He commanded the center's 3d Training Brigade from August 1968 untilJanuary 1970 and then was named G3 (later director of Plans and Training).

Col Ponder served in Vietnam (1967-68) following graduation from theArmy War College. He completed the Com­mand and General Staff College course in 1959and was graduated in 1943 from SyracuseUniversity with a BS degree in business ad­ministration.

Col Ponder served during World War II inthe Rhineland and Central Europe campaigns;Hawaii, 1949-51; Korea, 1955-56; and Ger­many, 1960-62. He has served at Camp Croft,S.C.; Fort Benning, Ga.; Fort Holabird, Md.;and in Washington, D.C.

Among his military honors are the Legion ofMerit with two Oak Leaf Clusters (OLC),Bronze Star Medal, Army CommendationMedal with two OLC, Combat InfantrymanBadge, European-African-Middle East Cam­paign Medal, Republic of Vietnam CampaignMedal, and Republic of Vietnam Armed ForcesHero Medal First Class. Col Lewington S. Ponder

TESTI G of many parameters encoun­tered in rocket flight is carried on inthe Aeronomy Branch of the new Sig­nature and Propagation Laboratory( PL) at Aberdeen Proving Ground(APG), Md. Donovan M. Thurn, a me­chanical engineering technician, isshown making measurements on anantenna ystem installed in the no econe of an instrument rocket prior totesting in the controlled temperaturevacuum chamber at the laboratory.

Weapons s~'stems concepts arebeing advanced and evaluated in theSignature and Propagation Labora­tory of the U.S. Army Ballistics Re­search Laboratories, newest of thecomplex of facilities in the Aberdeen(Md.) Research and DevelopmentCenter.

Full-scale operations in the SPLare driving ahead rapidly following amove into a new $1,242,776 buildingthat was spread over several weeks.The 2-story structure has a full base­ment and two rooftop penthouses de­signed for testing. Construction of thebuilding began in August 1968.

Staffed currently with about 100civilian and military personnel, theSPL also employs nationally eminentscientists and engineers during thesummer month and uses them as con­sultants throughout the year.

The staff includes 15 scientific per­sonnel with doctoral degrees. Physi­cists, mathematicians, ballisticians,statisticians, engineers and techni­cians offer a vast amount of practicalexperience in Qolving the Army's fieldproblems with weapons systems.

Under direction of Harry L. ReedJr. as chief, SPL personnel conducttheoretical and experimental studiesin several disciplines. Areas of effortinclude optical and radar signal prop­agation; also, target signatures andacquisition, including detection, recog­nition and identification, with empha­sis on environmental effects.

SPL investigators are concerned

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE 43

Picatinny Refines Infrared Spectroscopy Technology artillery projectiles. By interactingwith rifling grooves in the gun tube,the rotating band-a strip of metalabout one-eighth-inch thick near thebase of the projectile--provides a gasseal and the all-important spin to theprojectile.

Lee and Pasman had the ta_k ofdetermining, by infrared spectros­copy, if the rotating band was seatingproperly. Optimum range andaccuracy of an artillery shell requirethat the rotation band be seated withmetal-to-metal contact to the shellbody. This required detecting anythermal differentials created by clear­ance under the band.

Refinements in infrared spectros­copy technology achieved in theirwork give Picatinny Arsenal an iden­tification method for analysis of ex­tremely small specimens of materialthat is accurate, fast, low in cost, andis applicable to nondestructive testsfor larger projects.

Ronald Moore

Dr. T. H. Chen

Computerizing Medical Slide Collectionand categorically stored more than200,000 color slides dealing with inno­vative surgical techniques, patientcase histories and a variety of medi­cal research. The collection is knownfor its medical detail and accuracy­qualities assured by a close workingrelationship between the physicianand the photographer in the filmingprocess and caption compo ition.

The planned electronic file for slidecollection is expected to be invaluableto the WRAIR research staff, medicalstudents and their professors. HaroldE. Dixon, director, Division of Medi­cal Audio-Visual Services, citedWRAIR's slide studies of completesurgical cases as one of many uniquesubject areas on file.

Ultimately, the division will be ableto offer medical researchers instanta­neous access to a visual record of thecomplete medical history of Vietnam.

The division recently purchased theelectronic photo documentation facili­ties necessary for the planned storagesystem and is developing and imple­menting an effective coding system.

In the process of developing the ini­tial coding system, Dixon explained, itis essential that the system be com­patible with coding procedures al­ready in operation at Tobyhanna(Pa.) Army Depot, enabling exchangeof motion picture footage.

Under the prospective retrieval sys­tem, WRAIR's Division of MedicalAudio-Visual Services will beequipped to supply medical profes­sors, students and researchers withidentification of requested slides'\vithin seconds. The current manualfiling system may require up to 1lhdays for slide retrieval.

The Division of Medical Audio-Vis­ual Services at the Walter ReedArmy Institute of Research(WRAIR) is initiating a new pro­gram to automate retrieval of its med­ical slide collection and from its stockof motion picture footage.

Under this computerized-access sys­tem, physicians, medical students andresearchers will have rapid access tovaluable medical photographs gath­ered on a worldwide basis byWRAIR's audio-visual division.

Since 1966, WRAIR has collected

WRAIR

polyester prepegged glass were identi­cal as claimed.

In another case, a 60-40 polymethyl­methacrylate-butyl acrylate was dis­tinguished from 70-30 polymethyl­methacrylate-ethyl acrylate.

Applicability of the technique tovery small amounts of material wasestablished when an identification wasmade of a piece of chemical compoundabout the size of the period at the endof this sentence.

Robert Lee and Jay Pasman, me­chanical engineers in the Nuclear Re­liability Division, Quality AssuranceDirectorate at the arsenal developedthe improvement in the techniquewhile working on nondestructive test.­ing.

Infrared scanning has long beenused for nondestructive testing todetect poorly seated rotating bands on

esc Seleds Two From Picatinny for Management ProgramPicatinny Arsenal's Dr. T. H. Chen, research

chemist, Feltman Research Laboratories, andRonald Moore, employed in the Quality AssuranceDirectorate, have been selected by the U.S. CivilService Commission for the 1971-72 Educationfor Public Management Program.

They will receive a year's free scholarship atCornell University with their salaries paid, plusall living and travel expenses and most incidentalfees. They also have freedom to develop the aca­demic program best suited to individual needs.

The purpose is to encourage agencies to iden­tify men and women who have the potential tohold high management positions. The Educationfor Public Management Program thus can be animportant part of an agency's executive develop­ment effort.

Dr. Chen in 1968 won the R&D AchievementAward and in 1969 took one of the top honors atthe first Munitions Command science conferenceat the Dover, N.J., installation. Hi doctorate inchemistry is from the University of Louisville.

Moore is chief of the anti-armor section in theAmmunition Systems Reliability and Safety Divi­sion. He has a BS degree in mechanical engineer­ing from Rutgers University.

Identification of the chemical com­position of an enemy fuze that untilrecently might have required aboutthree weeks was accomplished re­cently in two days by improved in­frared spectroscopy at the Army's Pi­catinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J.

Use of this technology in nondes­tructive testing has long been em­ployed at the arsenal. The recent im­provement permits analysis of verysmall samples (.3 milligrams inweight) by precise preparation of thespecimen.

Either transmission or attenuatedtotal reflectance (ATR) methods maybe used. Thermoplastic materials maybe analyzed as received or may beprocessed into a cast or pressed film.The potassium bromide IR crystalmay be dipped in a solution of a ma­teria to deposit a very thin film ame­nable to IR scanning.

If one component is obscured by an­other, they may be separated by ex­traction or preferential pyrolysis sothat the nature of each may be deter­mined. For opaque material, the IRspectrum may be obtained directly byATR or by pyrolyzing the materialand examining the pyrolyzate spectro­scopically. The method may be used toidentify purity, the componentswithin a compound and the degree ofdegradation of a material.

Examples of how the techniqueshave been used include such tasks asproving that ethyl cellulose itemswere compounded with different plas­ticizers, and that two batches of a

44 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T EWS MAGAZINE JULY·AUG. 1971

eserve Officers Symposium Focuses on Executive Role in R&D

WES Automates Testing of Pavement Surfacings

A TOl\IATED FACILITY for testing membrane materials and pavement sur­faces is inspected by Brig Gen Curtis Chapman, director of Military Engineering,DCE, during Waterway Experiment tation tour with Col E. D. Peixotto, WESdirector, and J. P. Sale, chief of the Soils Division at Vicksburg, Ii s., facility.

Boyd, George Washington University;Brig Gen H. L. Willard, mobilizationde ignee to the Office of the Chief ofResearch and Development; Dr. Gil­ford G. Quarles, chief scientific ad­viser, Office of the Chief of Engi­neers; W. B. Taylor, MERDC techni­cal director; Dr. D. C. O'Connor,chief, Research Institute, U.S. ArmyEngineer Topographic Laboratories;and Billy M. Horton, technical direc­tor, Army Harry Diamond Laborato­ries.

Col A. H. Humphreys, an MERDCcivilian employe, and commander ofthe 1664th Mobilization DesignationDetachment, will serve as director ofthe symposium. Other members of thefaculty are Col Herbert L. Ley Jr.,Col Raymond L. Dennis, Col TrelyonW. O'Connor Jr., Maj Richard S.Medding, Maj James C. Stillman, andCapt Francis M. Ceva!lco Jr.

tions are constructed 22 feet wide.Traffic with maximum gross weightsup to 50,000 pounds can be applied inuniform coverages or in fixed-wheelpaths at any speed up to 30 mph.

Present tests are applying an18,000-pound, single-wheel highwayaxle loading on the inside lane ofeight different items of -pavement. Be­fore the tests are completed, thewheels will have rolled over the 240­foot test section 300,000 times. Datacollected will be evaluated to deter­mine which of the designs and mate­rial qualities are the most serviceableand economical for roads carryingheavy truck traffic during militaryoperations.

These and other carefully controlledWES engineering tests give valuableguidance on paving mixes, total thick­ness, compaction requirements, mem­brane strength, and other aspects ofdesign for military roads, heliportsand airfields constructed by the Corpsof Engineers.

Fully automated testing of mem­brane materials and pavement sur­faces, subjected to continuous trafficunder various wheel and load condi­tions, is one of the answers to"What's new?" at the U.S. Army Wa­terways Experiment Station at Vicks­burg, Miss.

In support of the WES mission ofdeveloping design criteria and con­struction techniques for militaryroads and airports, the system speedsup evaluation of "candidate" materi­als and surfaces for specific opera­tional requirements.

Traveling at a speed of 30 miles anhour, the rig spins around the circu­lar track every 10 seconds applyingrolling wheel traffic on pavement SUr­facings. In one hour it has appliedloads equivalent to 360 aircraft land­ings, or the same highway traffic assix heavy trucks passing over anyspot each minute.

The inside radius of the track is 28feet and the outside 49 feet. Test sec-

"Developing and Maintaining Internaland External Support of Programs."Dr. E. Appenfeld, School of Educa­tion, New York Unhersity, has se­lected as his subjects "The Contempo­rary Image of the Scientist and Engi­neer" and "Cultural Influence onR&D."

Maj Gen J. M. Roberts, Chief,Army Reserve, Department of theArmy, is on the agenda for "TheR&D Mobilization Designee," and MajGen G. Sammet Jr., Army DeputyChief of R&D, is listed for "FutureImportance of Effective Executives inDepartment of the Army R&D."

Director of Army Research BrigGen George M. Snead Jr. will speakon "The Need for Creative Executivesin Department of the Army R&DActivities."

"Supervision of Scientists and En­gineers" will include as panelists Dr.

U.S. Government, industrial andacademic leader- are programed asspeakers at the 2-week 13th anilUalReserve Officer Symposium Aug.16-27, Fredericksburg, Va.

The U.S. Army Mobility EquipmentRe earch and Development Center(MERDC) and the 1664th Mobiliza­tion Designation Detachment Unit,both at Fort Belvoir, Va., are cospon­sors. Focused on "The Role of theTechnical Executive in Research andDevelopment," the symposium objec­tive are to examine their career exec­utive objectives and their influence inprogram innovations; also, to seekmore effective means of managing,utilizing and motivating creative sci­entists and engineers.

Edward M. Glass, Assistant Direc­tor (Laboratory Management), Office,Deputy Director of Research and En­gineering, Department of Defense, isa guest lecturer on "The Role of theTech Executive in Government."

Other invited speakers include J. P.D'Arezzo, vice president, AmericanMachine and Foundry Co., "The Roleof the Executive in Industry"; andDr. R. W. Roberts, R&D manager,Materials and Engineering, GeneralElectric Co., "Meeting Career Scien­tific and Engineering Goals as an Ex­ecutive."

Dr. A. Longacre, Dean of Engineer­ing, Syracuse University will speakon "In What Capacity Can 1 Contrib­ute Most?" Dr. D. D. Roman, chair­man, Committee on Doctoral Studies,George Wa hington University, willpresent "Technical Management andManagement of Technical Activities"and "Management/Scientist Conflict."

Also, Dr. D. P. Boyd, George Wash­ington Univer ity, "Supervision ofCreative Scientists and Engineers andExecutive Responsibilities to Subordi­nates"; Col H. F. Sykes Jr. (Ret.),former MERDC commander, "Alloca­tion of Resources for Mission and Fu­ture"; R. H. Hastings, director, LaborRelations Training Center, U.S. CivilService Commi sion "Growing UnionInfluence (Management Viewpoint)."

John F. Griner, president, Ameri­can Federation of Government Em­ployes, is programed for "GrowingUnion Influence (Organized LaborsPoint of View)." H. Tecklenburg, vicepresident, R&D, Proctor and GambleCo. will discuss "U.S. GovernmentPolicy on Pollution and Affect on De­partment of Defense R&D Commun­ity."

Lt Gen A. W. Betts, Army Chief ofR&D until he retired Dec. 31, 1970,and now vice president, SouthwestResearch Institute, is programed for

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RE EARCH AND DEVELDPME T NEWS MAGAZINE 45

EXCEPTIO AL Civilian Service Awardis presented to recently retired Mrs.Frances L. Whedon by Chief of Re­search and Development Lt Gen Wil­liam C. Gribble Jr. for achievement asmeteorologi t, Environmental ciencesDivision, OCRD, Augu t 1959 to Janu­ary 1971. The citation states, in part:"Mrs. Whedon's extraordinary dedica­tion of purpose, her mature wisdomand astute judgment, and her leader­ship have enhanced the .S. Army'satmospheric sciences research and de­velopment program••.•"

OUTSTANDING Civilian ServiceAward. Army Chief of Stall' GeneralWilliam C. Westmoreland presentedthe OCSA to Russell DeYoung, chair­man of the board and chief executiveofficer of the Goodyear Tire and Rub­ber Co., for services as an adviser tothe Army from January 1968 to De­cember 1970.

Under DeYoung's supervision, thecitation states, the company re­searched and developed a crash-resist­ant fuel system for Army helicopterswhich substantially reduced postcrashfires, saving lives and equipment. Inconjunction with the Army, Goodyeardevised a tougher, more crash-worthyfuel tank that would withstand severecrash impacts and would be self-seal­ing when hit by small-arms fire.

The tanks are now being used inUH-l "Huey" and AH-l "HueyCobra" helicopters. By 1975, mostArmy aircraft are expected to beequipped with the new tanks.

MERITORIOUS Civilian Service.James E. Gillis Jr. was awarded theMCSA for "professional guidance andtechnical direction of major U.S.Army R&D programs," as technicaldirector of the Advanced Systems Di-

rectorate, U.S. Army TopographicCommand, since January 1969.

The citation credits Gillis for hisefforts in support of the Army's Top­ographic RDT&E Program, saying, inpart, "His mature and objective coun­sel has been a substantial factor inthe success of the Army's Topo­graphic R&D Program and in thecontinuing effort to adapt advancingtechnology to military requirements."

DISTINGUISHED Service. BrigGen Wilson R. Reed received theDSM from Army As istant ViceChief of Staff Lt Gen William E.DePuy, in Pentagon ceremonies, priorto his retirement after 30 years ofmilitary service.

The award was made for "excep­tionally meritorious service in posi­tions of great respomibility ... cul­minating his long and distinguishedmilitary career as commanding gen­eral of the Automatic Data Field Sys­tems Command and the U.S. ArmyComputer Systems Command duringOctober 1967 through July 1971."

LEGION OF MERIT. Lt Col Lu­cien T. Winegar, deputy command­ing officer of Fort Detrick since June1969, received the LOM at a recentceremony honoring him upon retire­ment following 20 years of active mil­itary service. He was recognized inparticular for "establishing an excep­tionally high state of administrative,financial, and logistical efficiency atFort Detrick."

Col Margaret E. Bailey, an Armynurse for the past 27 years, receivedthe LOM from Lt Gen Hal B. Jen­nings Jr., the Surgeon General, at re­tirement ceremonies in the Office ofthe Surgeon General (OTSG), Wash­ington, D.C.

Col (Dr.) Harold G. Stacy, actingdirector of Plans, Supply and Opera­tions (PS&O), OTSG, was presidingofficer at an award ceremony held re­cently to recognize the services of sixMedical Service Corps officers.

MERITORIOUS Service Medals.Col Ralph W. Parkinson Jr.• who re­cently became chief of the OperationsBranch, Plans, Supply and OperationsDirectorate, received the MSM foraccomplishments in a prior assign­ment as chief, Evaluation Division,U.S. Army Combat DevelopmentsCommand Medical Service Agency,Fort Sam Houston, Tex. Lt Col Lean­der K. Beckley III, chief, StockFund Office, Division of Logistics andFacilities, PS&O, received the MSMfor service with 2d Logistical Com­mand, U.S. Army Ryukyu Island .

Lt Col Joseph E. Herndon Jr. re­ceived the MSM for services coveringthe period July 1968-June 1971 whenhe was assigned as chief of the Sani­tary Engineering Branch, UtilitiesDivision, Facilities Engineering Di-

rectorate, U.S. Army Engineer Com­mand, Europe.

He is now serving as an environ­mental pollution consultant, Preven­ventive Medicine Division, Directorateof Health and Environment, OTSG.

The U.S. Army Computer SystemsCommand at Fort Belvoir, Va., re­cently awarded MSMs to Lt Col JohnD. Chastain, chief of the OrganizationSystems Division, Project Control andIntegration Directorate; Lt Col Wil­liam H. Mitchell, project officer forDivision/Corps Combat Service Sup­port System and the Quick ReactionInventory Control Course i and to MaiJames Giddens, an electrical engineerwith the Engineering Directorate.

BRONZE STAR. Mai Jimmy Walk­er, project officer in Plans, Sup­port and Operations Directorate,OTSG, received this award for recentduty in Vietnam.

ARMY COMMENDATION Medalswent to Maj Paul M, Pugh for serviceas operations staff officer, OperationsDivision of PS&O; Maj Lloyd M.Mallo11J for service as chief of theHospital and Evaluation Section,PS&O i and to Capt Jonothan P. Westfor service as a management analystin Health Care Organization andManagement Analyst Branch, PS&O.

COMMENDATIO S. Chief ofR&D Lt Gen William C. Gribble Jr.recently presented commendation cer­tificates to Vi1'ginia Richards, GleaLassen, Mild"ed Kern & Bea Heste1'.

Brig Gen Wilbur H. Vinson Jr.,director of Missiles and Space, OCRD,presented outstanding performancerating to Edna T. Jernigan, Edith V.Johnson and Mildred B. Pence. BettyF. Kleindienst received awards foroutstanding perl"ormance and sus­tained superior performance.

VIET AMESE Civilian ervice ledalis pinned on Vernon W. Urie by ColBennett L. Lewis, CO of the .. Armylability Equipment R&D Center, Fort

Belvoir, Va., giving recognition to ayear in Vi tllam as the center's repre­sentative under the ietnam Lab­oratory si tance Prog-ram, Army(VLAPA), it \Va complemented by a750 "Special Act or ervice Award."

46 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP lENT EWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

Coastal Problems Research Review Slated at MRC-CERC Seminar

;----- 'The Well-Rounded Tomato' Rewarded -----

ISEF Winner Caps Success With Summer at WES

Research on coastal problems willbe reviewed at an Advanced Seminaron Waves on Beaches, Oct. 11-13, co­sponsored by the Mathematics Re­search Center of the University ofWisconsin and the Coastal Engineer­ing Research Center, Army Corps ofEngineer.

Sessions on the University of Wis­consin campus will be devoted to asurvey and discussion of recent ad­vances in knowledge on the motion ofwaves and currents on beaches, withresultant sediment transport.

Reports will concentrate on devel­opments still undisclosed in books oruniversity courses, according to Prof.J. Barkley Rosser, director of theMathematics Research Center.

Lectures will aim at a balanced re­view of the subject from the points ofview of theory, experiment and ob­servation. Specifically, the character­istics of wave records in the coastalzone will be examined to discussagreement with, and departure from,commonly used theories.

Diverse sy terns of equations forwater waves in use, and the approxi­mations behind them from the view ofmathematical physics, will be dis­cussed. The phenomenon of off-shorewave resonance due to refraction willbe de~cribed to show the dominanteffect of shore lines on wave trapping.

In this connection, the radical ad­vances of the geometrical optics ap­proximation for the determination ofresonant frequencies will be ex­plained. A variational method andstudies of Coriolis force effects will bedelineated.

The role of Caustics in refractionwill be examined from theoretical andexperimental points of view. Use ofsuch developments in calculation ofrefraction upon the forecasting of thewave environment in shallow wateralED will be discussed.

One lecture will report recent re­sults on the shoaling of waves, withemphasis on effects of frequency dis­persion upon development of waveshapes and wave breaking; also, in­teraction between primary and sec­ondary wave trains.

Another lecture will describe recenttheories and observations which haveled to rapid advances in understand­ing mechanisms of alongshore cur­rents.

Sediment transport on beaches, in­cluding varying forms of accumula­tion, and results of wave-induced sedi­ment suspen. ion obtained by experi­ments with a new electro-optical sys­tem, also will be reported.

A review of the pa t decade's re­search on 2-dimensional wave motionon beaches of small slope with empha-

sis on the water wave mechanism atthe very shore is on the agenda. Thiswill treat standing wave theory andits connection with classical hydro­dynamics as well as bore theory withits shore singularity and its distinc­tive swash and backwash mechanism.A survey of wave breaking in shallowwater will conclude the lectures.

Programed lecturers include Prof.R. G. Dean, University of Florida;Dr. D. Lee Harris and Dr. C. J. Gal­vin, Coastal Engineering ResearchCenter; Prof. H. A. Einstein, Univer­sity of California at Berkeley; Prof.J. J. Stoker and Prof. Willard Pier­son, New York University; Prof. M.C. Shen, Prof. D. H. Peregrine and

Basic research resulting in "TheWell-Rounded Tomato," a technicalreport and exhibit, has paid off toDebra Rhodes in cash honorariums, asummer job, a college scholarship, atrip to Japan and national recogni­tion.

The title describes her project,which won the top U.S. Army awardat the recent 1971 InternationalScience and Engineering Fair in Kan­sas City, Mo. However, her parents,Mr. and Mrs. W. O. Rhodes of 348Kimberly Lan,!:l in Los Alamos, N.Mex., reared a well-rounded girl withinterests ranging from scientific re­search to gymnastics to music.

During summer employment withthe U.S. Army Engineer WaterwaysExperiment Station (WES) at Vicks­burg, Miss., as part of her Armyaward, Debra is assisting technicalpersonnel with ecology and waste-wa­ter management studies. Debra wassurprised to find that one of thejudges at the International ScienceFair is her boss.

Debra has learned about major mis­sions of WES relative to hydraulics,soils, concrete, mobility and environ­ment, and nuclear weapons effects atthe vast laboratory complex of theArmy Corps of Engineers.

Debra captured top honors at thefirst high school science fair she en­tered. Selecting the tomato as a plantsuitable for growing in pea-gravel, byusing a hydroponic technique, she an­alyzed the chemical needs of the plantthrough all stages of its life cycle.She devised the needed equipment outof an alarm clock, a used juice can,an old thermometer holder, and otherodds and ends.

After winning local, regional, andstate honors, Debra went on to com­pete at the national and international

Prof. R. E. Meyer, University of Wis­consin; Prof. T. Y. Wu, CaliforniaInstitute of Technology; Prof. C. C.Mei, Massachusetts Institute of Tech­nology; Prof. D. L. Inman and Prof.W. G. Van Dorn, Scripps Institutionof Oceanography; Prof. M. S. Lon,.guet-Higgins, Cambridge University;Prof. J. F. Kennedy, University ofIowa; and Prof. M. O. Hayes, Univer­sityof Massachusetts.

The program will allow ample timefor informal discussion. (Further in­formation may be obtained from theSeminar Secretary, Mrs. G. Moran,Mathematic Research Center, Uni­versity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wise.53706, Tel. 608-263-2652.)

science fair levels. In January, shewill represent the U.S. Army in Oper­ation Cherry Blossom along with AirForce and Navy award winners, inthe Japanese Student Science Awardsi n"'Tokyo.

Honors and prizes she has garneredinclude an Air Force award as themost outstanding high school studentin chemistry and a National Aeronau­tics and Space Administration cashaward for creative scientific endeavorin aerospace research.

Turning down a music scholarshipin favor of science, Debra will enterNew Mexico Institute of Mining andTechnology on a university scholar­ship this fall. Although definitelyaiming toward a career in science,Debra is allowing herself a little moretime to decide if her major will bebiology, or chemistry, or environmen­tal engineering.

Debra's favorite sport is softball,her instrument specialty is the bas­soon, and she holds an amateur radiolicense for International Morse Code.

Debra Rhodes

JULY·AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS lAGAZINE 41

IMaj Cen Sammet Outlines Executive Role in R&D I(Continued from page 2)

Secretary Packard's testimony beforethe Mahon Committee last spring.

It should be noted, judged from re­marks of the various members of Mr.Mahon's House Appropriations Com­mittee, that Mr. Packard enjoys anunusually high degree of respect. It isquite logical to assume that what Mr.Packard said on management to hiscommittee shall be DOD policy aslong as he is in office.

Mr. Packard noted the political cli­mate and its budget implications,which he says means we must nowfocus our attention far more on capa­bility and less on 1IIUmbers of peopleand items of equipment.

This means there mu t be continuedattention to a productive R&D effort,and that all monies received for thisR&D work be much more carefullymanaged than iIb the past.

Secretary Packard listed eightmajor areas where he said manage­ment improvements had been or were

MERDC Airmobile LaboratoryTo Test Military Aviation Fuels

An improved airmobile laboratoryto test military aviation fuels in thefield has been developed by the U.S.Army Mobility Equipment Researchand Development Center, Fort Bel­voir, Va.

Designed to replace a previous ex­pedient, the laboratory is a militarystandard electrical equipment shelter,approximately 12 by 7 by 7 feet, mo­dified to accommodate equipment andsupplies necessary to conduct qualitysurveillance of aviation fuels.

Weighing 3,340 pounds, it is de­signed for rapid movement by groundor air transportation, for quick on­site set-up and operation in tempera­tures from -40° to +125°F.

Tests can be made of vapor pres­sure of petroleum products, distilla­tion, copper-strip corrosion, gravitydetermination, moisture determina­tion, millipore-for-solid contamination,and water tolerance of aviation fuels.

The lab has an ultra-violet detectorkit for undissolved water, and atank-and-drum sampling and gaugingkit. It is self-contained except for anexternal power source, water supplyand waste water disposal facility. Apurging and alarm system provides aunique safety feature to prevent pos­sible explosions due to build-up ofvapor.

One unit has been built by theHoppmann Corp., Springfield, Va.,under contract with MERDC, at acost of $22,096.

being made. These included:• Decentralization to the Services

of much of the day-to-day managing.• Better cost control by better and

more frequent trade-off analysis.• Making early and correct deci­

sions regarding the real need for aproposed system and the ability to de­"elop it.

• Reduce failure by more compo­nent testing-the "fly-before-buy"concept.

• More emphasis on hardware andless on paper studies.

• Elimination of total package pro­curement.

• Use of suitable type of contract.• Put good men in charge, along

with the n2cessary authority, respon­sibility and staffs.

Then there is today's climate withinthe Army itself. The Army R&D man­ager is now going to have to struggleto maintain or augment his level ofeffort in the face of competing pres­sures--what I call the operatingaccounts versus the investmentaccounts.

By this I mean that assuming agiven level of dollars, one must thenmeasure immediate requirements interms of force structure and moderni­zation of equipment against the re­quirements lor materiel for the nextdecade and beyond.

We are constantly preaching thatR&D should not be related to forcestructure. As one looks ahead to 1980,I'm tempted to say that it shouldmake no difference 0111 the size of theR&D effort whether the Active Armyof 1975 has 10 divisions or 20.

But do we really mean this? Wealso say we counter quantity withquality ... in times of a small Army,don't we need to do more R&D inorder to keep the quality up? A sidebenefit is that at the same time weare helping maintain a military ori­ented indiVIdual base.

What all of this says is that thefuture climate does not appear tomake us odds-on favorites to receiveeverything, or nearly everything, wein R&D believe we need. And what wedo get better be carefully managed.

Having set the climate in which to­morrow's executive will 'have to oper­ate, let's look at the executive himself.Some people believe that the militaryR&D executive should come up via aspecialized program-like an R&Dcareer field-entering it very early ina career and having his attention un­diverted by other work. I tend to lookat things that pure as being sterile.

I would rather quote Peter Drucker

of New York University-that thereis no correlation between effectivenessand any other characteristic. His viewis that there are brilliant people whoare totally ineffectual j others rathermodestly endowed who were quiteeffective-there is no correlation withknowledge and no correlation withpenonality.

Peter Drucker sums up by sayingthere are M natural executives, thatexecutives are largely made, not born.They learn their craft.

The first characteristic of an effec­tive executive is that he knows wberehis time goes. He can triple his effec­tive time by not doing things thatdon't fe-ave to be done.

The second characteristic of aneffective executive is that he is up­ward focused, Mt downward focused.A~ an executive what he gets paidfor and he says he supervises 5,000people. That's not a job, it's an appli­cation. The job of the executive is tomake sure that top management isprepared to make the decisions it willhave to make in tile future.

Another important characteristic ofa top executive is that he sets priori­ties and sticks by them. It's not reallydifficult to determine the real priori­ties; it's numbers 5 to infinity whichare hard.

Unbelievably, the larger the organi­zation, the fewer things it can do atonce.

This is due to the difficulty of com­munication. When there are X,OOOpeople who must be informed of a

ASSISTANT ECRETARY of theArmy for R&D, the Honorable RobertL. John on (right), reviewed the mis­sion and objectives of the .S. ArmyR&D Group (Europe) during a recentvisit to its offices in London, England.Accompanying the ASA (R&D) wereChief of R&D Lt Gen William C. Grib·ble Jr., and OCRD Executive OfficerCol Donald R. Keith. General Gribblpresented the 1eritorious ervice1edal to Col Benedict L. Freund (left)

commanding officer of the group.

48 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

ALMC Tests Computer-Driven Microfiche Tutorial System

Ichange in direction, the people fardown the line don't get the word untillong after it is too late for them tochange course.

To put it in other words, the ahilityto put aside the interesting and popu­lar tasks and do the one most impor­tant task 1bOW is one of the secrets ofeffective management.

Lastly, the effective executive buildson strength-the strength of his suh­ordinates and is boss. You can't fireall your subordinates and you surelycan't fire your boss. Therefore, learnwhat your people can do and makefull use of them.

Dr. Ralph Siu, who used to workwith me in the Army Materiel Com­mand, always sed to say to me whenI was getting hot under the collarover someone, "Tis better to aid theailing ass than carry the whole loadyourself."

Maybe you'vl! heard it put anotherway-in the definition of a sane man.A sane man is not the man who be­lieves that the universe is rational;only a paranoid believes that. A saneman is a man who knows how to be­have rationally in an irrational uni­verse.

I am very much concerned over oneweakness in our system. We just donot eem to have what industry callsa "bright young men" plan. I at­tended recently a Brookings Institu­tion conference on business opera­tions, and I was very much impressedby the formal methods and the atten­tion given at the very top corporatelevel to the early identification ofbright young men in their corporatestructure.

The bright young men are usuallyidentified earl in their careers, liketheir 20s, and the list is updatedyearly to eliminate those who showsigns of wear and to add in the latebloomers.

For example, I feel we in the Officeof the Chief of Research and Develop­ment have b come too inbred. Weneed a bright-young-men plan, and Iam planning to explore this concept inthe coming year.

Having defined the executive andwhere he is to come from, how do weidentify such a man? In an over-sim­plification, it's perhaps a man with arecord of 'nning, or showing aprofit, or running an organization ina manner as to do both.

But how do you identify a man whowill be able to do this, or how do youassure you will become such an indi­vidual, particularly as it applies tomoving up an echelon in the magni­tude of the endeavor?

One thing we do know, for sure, isthat skill at one level does not imply

equal skill at the next level up­whether one is concerned with base­ball, football, the military leadershipbusiness, or the R&D business.

The corollary to this is that evenassuming one has equally good execu­tive talent, he must make a conscien­tious effort not to continue to be thetechnician in his new task. In theArmy it is like being promoted fromcaptain to major, and having to learnto stay out of your old company sup­ply room.

I once told a group of newly as­signed OCRD officers and new civil­ians that too often the R&D executivetends to act like a product engineer.Face it, acting like a product engineeris fun. You feel like you are makingsomething, contributing directly tothe effectiveness of the Army by iII>­troducing a new piece of hardware.

But if that were the product engi-

Effectiveness of a computer-drivenmicrofiche tutorial system as com­pared to programed instruction textsis being tested and evaluated by U.S.Army Logistics Management Center,by direction of the Department of theArmy.

Testing of the tutorial system forlarge-scale implementation beginsAug. 23 at the center and three Armydepot field locations. It will end Jan.15,1972.

Related research has been con­ducted by Florida State University inthe learning and retention effective­ness of computer instruction. Most ofthese experiments were conductedwith children and not adults, as isbeing done in the Army program.

Most Computer Assisted InstructionSystems currently use cathode raytubes or printers to display the coursetext. This is costly in terms of thehuge amounts of computer storage re­quired and data to be transmitted be­tween the computer and the terminal.

The system that the Army has an­nounced will use a microfiche terminalcapable of holding up to 75,000 pagesof course materials. The computerwill position the proper page of in­struction dependent upon the studentresponse to the course material andquestions.

Tbe amount of data transferred be­tween the computer and the terminalwill be extremely small in volume aswill the data base stored on-line. Thiswill greatly reduce the cost of a com­puter-assisted instruction system.

Taurus Associates, Alexandria, Va.,under contract with the Army, willprovide the systems design, hardwaredesign and software package for thecomputer-driven microfilm system.

Students at the ALMC and Sharpe

neer's interpretation of their job, thenthey would miss the boat. That is thejob of the engineer. Being an execu­tive means managing, which meanssetting policy and managing throughcontrolling R&D funds. Whoever con­trols the money controls the project!

Another aspect at Department ofthe Army level is to support the hard­ware-cutting people by stating theircase effectively before Congress, be.fore ODDR&E, and before the rest ofthe Army staff. But it really isn'ttheir case. It's your case. The engi­neers are only doing what you at thecorporate level authorized or directedthem to do.

While part of an executive's jobmay be to support and defend a givenprogram or group of programs to thenext higher authority, he must firstbe a bit of a skeptic-review every-

(Continued on page 50)

Army Depot, Calif. ; SacramentoArmy Depot, Calif.; and Lexington(Ky.) Blue Grass Army Depot, willbe divided into two groups. One groupwill use programed learning texts, theother the computer-driven instructionsystem. Identical frames of instruc­tion will be used to teach the twogroups.

The two groups will be equated onthe basis of intelligence scores re­ceived by students on the CaliforniaTest of Mental Maturity, experiencein subject matter, educational back­ground, and any other factors whichmight be used as a basis for matchingpairs of students.

Student response will be graded bythe computer, which under programcontrol, will respond to the answers.Structured interview and open-endtype questions will be used, with tnelatter giving the student freedom ofresponse.

This system provides an interactivemethod of instruction that allows thestudent to proceed at his own pace,and also allows a group instructor tomonitor the student's educational at­tainment.

Instructors also will provide theirevaluation of student reactions toeach mode by completing a ratingscale. This scale will cover such fac­tors as student interests, enthusiasm,perseverance, and seriousness of pur­pose.

Testing of the computer-driven mi­crofiche tutorial system for large­scale implementation is a first in theeducational field. The Army LogisticsManagement Center cites this as anexample of innovation being used toreduce costs of training personneLThe ALMC is an educational activityof the U.S. Army Materiel Command.

.t

1

11

."

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 49

IMaj Ge Sammet Outlines Executive Ro e -0 R&D I(Continued from page 49)

thing; question it. Is it needed, reallyneeded? Who says so, and why?

If the answer is yes, are all thingsbeing done that should be done, andwith due haste and adequate support?Is there a hole in the program? Arewe overlooking something? Can weaccept just a little less with a consid­erable saving in time and money?

And always demand proof-con­vince me! Be a critical enthusiast whois looking for a better way.

R&D by nature is the antithesis ofthe status quo. The R&D executiveshould be no less so. There is a wordthat we hear used to describe thisquality-innovative.

There's an old saying that nothingis constant but change, but changefrequently comes in for criticism.Changes are often criticized becausethey are changes for change sake;other changes are criticized becausethey fail. Still others are regarded asdisruptful of a then smooth flowingoperation or organizatioIll.

I believe not in change for changesake, but that the good executiveshould be ever ready to alter ways ofdoing things, if there is a good prom­ise of improvement.

The industry feeling here is thatthey are continuously reorganizing,because one cannot solve today's prob­lem with yesterday's methods and or­ganization.

EPA Appoints BreidenbachAs Director of NERC in Ohio

Appointment of Dr. Andrew W.Breidenbach as director of the Envi­ronmental Protection Agency's Na­tional Environmental Research Centerin Cincinnati, Ohio, was announcedAug. 6 by William D. Ruckelshaus,EPA administrator.

Dr. Breidenbach directs the effortsof nearly 1,200 EPA employes in 10locations in the city, and is responsi­ble for the $28 million multi-discipli­nary environmental research labora­tory to be built at the University ofCincinnati by 1975.

The Cincinnati complex is one ofthree National Environmental Re­search Centers being establishedunder EPA. The others are in Re­search Triangle Park, N.C., and Cor­vallis, Ore.

Dr. Breidenbach, 47, who will re­ceive program direction from Dr.Stanley Greenfield, EPA's AssistantAdministrator for Research and Mon­itoring, earned his BS degree fromthe University of Cincinnati and hisdoctorate from the University ofFlorida.

Industry doubts that they will beable to solve tomorrow's problemswith today's methods and organiza­ti<}Ds. And, as an extension of this,the innovative quality in their execu­tives is a key to corporate success.

Industry has an advantage overgovernment here in that they recog­nize that while inoovative peoplebring success, they also make mis­takes. They are prepared to acceptthis.

Unfortunately, we in the Servicesare not given much leeway in permis­sible or acceptable mistakes, possiblybecause the size of our high risk pro­grams dictates that failure is ex­tremely costly.

Rather than rambling on further,let me paraphrase what I've been say­ing by reciting a set of six command­ments which I have picked up some­where along the way.

THE FIRST COMMANDMENT,and probably the most important one,is--"hang loose." Experience showsthere is no greater impediment toprogress than the wish to determineits outcome by means of obscure sym­bols printed on paper.

Formalized organization charts tellyou more about what you can't dothan about what you can do. Toooften, those neat little hoxes establishfunctional islands, with no way to getfrom one to another except up narrowlines to the top, along the wings andback to the bottom.

An organization chart is a com­fort, but once you have it, stick it inthe bottom drawer of your desk and-"hang loose." Probably the worstthing you could do is create a com­pletely efficien.t organization. Thatkind of perfection leads to rigidity-itleaves no room for mistakes or inno­vation.

THE SECOND COMMANDME Tis to delegate responsibility. It is ahuman trait to want to keep a fingerin every pie, but there are two thingswrong with that attitude: First, youdon,'t have enough fingers for all thepies and, second, you crowd everyoneelse out.

People often tell the story of HarryTruman's desk sign which said, "Thebuck stops here." That is a good slo­gan, but I counter that· every execu­tive should have another sign whichsays, "The buck starts here--keep itmoving."

The surprising thing is that oncepeople get used to that idea, theyenjoy the freedom that re ponsibilitygives them.

THE THIRD COMMANDMENT is

keep your intuition well lubricated. Ifyou have a well-developed intuition,use it. Don't get me wrong; some ofmy best friends are computers, and Iwelcome their help-so long as theyknow their place.

But any executive who turns thefinal decision over to a computer hasto ask himself what his role is in theprocess. I have found that some of mybiggest mistakes were made after Iignored my intuition under the pres­sure of what looked at the time likeunshakeable evidence.

THE FOURTH COMMANDMENTis to know where the information is

SCIENTIFIC CALENDAR3d Biennial Cornell Electrical Engineering

Conference. Ithaca. N.Y., Aug. 17-19.Astrodynamics Conference, spOnsored by

AAS and AlAA. Fort Lauderdale. Fla.• Aug.17-19.

International Geoscience Electronics SympOs­ium, spOnsored by IEEE. Washington. D.C.,Aug. 25-27.

1st World Congress of Nuclear Medicine andBiology, Montreal. Canads. Aug. 30-Sept. 4.

5th National Symposium on Fracture Me­chanics, Urbana. Ill.. Aug. 31-Sept. 2.

International Symposium on Antennas andPropagation. Sendai, Japan, Sept. 1-3.

2d National Symposium. Society of FlightTest Engineers. St. Mary's City. Md., Sept. 1-3.

1971 International Electrical and ElectronicEngineers/City University International Sym­posium on Network Theory, London. England,Sept. 6-10.

6th Aerospace Mecbanisms SympOsium. spon­sored by Ames Research Center, Sunnyvale,Calif.• Sept. 9-10.

3d International Colloquium on Gasdynamicsof Explosions and Reactive S)'Stems. Mar ilIes.France. Sept. 12-17.

Petroleum and Chemical Industry T-echnicalConference, sponsored by IEEE, Atlanta, Ga.,Sept. 13-15.

5th Internstionsl Materials Symposium: ThStructure and Properties of Materials-Tech­niques and Applications of High-ResolutionMicroscopy, Berkeley. Calif.. Sept. 1B-17.

International Symposium of the In~titute ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers. Los An­geles. Calif., Sept. 20-23.

22d International Astronautical Congress.Brussels. Belgium. Sept. 20-25.

;Toint Conference on Infrared Techniques,sponsored by lERE. Reading, England. Sept.21-23.

Aeronautic and Space Engineerina- and Man­ufacturing Meeting. sponsored by SAE. LosAngeles. Calif.• Sept. 27-0ct. 1.

Bd Internstional Congress on Spectrometryof Absorption and Atomic Fluorescence. Paria,France. Sept. 27-0ct. 1.

19th Annual Joint Engineering ManagementConference, spODlHlred by IEEE, Los Angeles.Calif., Oct. 4-5.

IEEE Electronic and Aerospace SYStems Con­vention, Washington, D.C.• Oct. 6-8.

International Electron Devices Meeting. spOn­sored hy IEEE. Washington. D.C.. Oct. ll-1B.

Advanced Seminar on Waves on 'Beaches.sponsored by MRC. University of Wisconsinand CERC, Madison, Wis., Oct 11-13.

;Toint Meeting of the American Nuclesr Soci-ety, Miami Beach, Fla., Oct. 17-21. •

1st EUROCON Convention. sponsored byIEEE. Lausanne, Switzerland. Oct. 18-22.

1971 Fall Symposium of Research aad De­velopment Associates for Military Food andPackaging Systems, Inc., Natick, Mass.. Oct.19-20.

Convention on Aerospace and Electronic Sys­tema, spOnsored by IEEE. Washington, D.C..Oct. 25-27.

8th Annual Meeting and Technical Display,sponsored by AlAA. Washington. D.C.. Oct.25-28.

17th Conference on the Design of Experi­ments in Army Research, Development andTesting. sponsored hy ARO-D and WRAlR,Washinlfton, D.C., Oct. 27-29.

50 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

I

MERDC Breaks Ground for CCID Facilities at Fort Belvoir

GROU D-BREAKING ceremonies are shown for new facilities for Counter­mine/Counter Intrusion Department (CCID) and for the Barrier and Counter­surveillance Division of the Military Technology Department at Fort Belvoir,Va. Left to right are William Fin glass, owner, American Construction Co., whichwill erect the buildings; Lawrence Krause, project inspector; Ira Reed, areaengineer; Col Bennett L. Lewis, CO of the U.S. Army Mobility Equipment R&DCenter; Francis Paca, program manager for countermines; Terence G. Kirkland,ccrn chief; architect Dr. Leslie Kara of Daniel, Mann, Johnson and Mendenhall.

ing with more than 18,000 square feetof space. Special facilities will includea controlled humidity and dust-freearea, a shock-in-materials lab, a bar­riers lab, electronics lab, simulatorlab, electro-mechanical area, and aminor shop area.

The Countermine/Counter Intru­sion Department, headed by TerenceG. Kirkland, is responsible for re­search, development and engineeringin the fields of intrusion and antiinfil­tration sensors and detection systems,buried land mines detection, concealedmunitions and explosives detection,covert per~onnel and vehicular move­ment, tunnel detection, etc.

The Barrier and Countersur­veillance Division has responsibilityfor research and development in thefields of mine laying and clearing,barriers and counterbarriers, combatfortifications and obstacles, and coun­tersurveillance and deception. VirgilM. Davis is chief of the Division.

on a test plan because he wants to."When you forget those things,"

said Mr. Burnett, "then it is time totake your name off the door."

Improved facilities for the Counter­mine/Counter Intrusion Department(CCID) and for the Barrier andCountersurveillance Division (B&CD)of the Military Technology Depart­ment, U.S. Army Mobility EquipmentResearch and Development Center,Fort Belvoir, Va., will be provided intwo new buildings.

Col Bennett L. Lewis, CO of thecenter, broke ground in August forthe CCID building which will be a3-story structure that will provide30,000 square feet of space, and houseapproximately 135 scientists, engi­neers, technicians and administrativepersonnel.

The facility will include a seismicsimulator room, a magnetic room,optics and infrared room, radiationlab, mechanical lab, five electroniclabs, an anechoic chamber, a chemis­try lab and a soils lab.

The Barrier Field ExperimentalFacility will be a 2-story brick build-

• Finally, never lose respect for thelonely individual-tre man at hisdrawing board, or scribbling ideas ona yellow tablet, or working overtime

buried. When it comes to the point ofdecision, you have to reach, sometimeswith lightening speed, all the infor­mation you have locked in your mem­ory cells.

That is what intuition reany is.The human being is a marvelous in­strument. It can give you 40 or moreyears of service; it can store billionsof bits of information, and it answersyou in clear, understandable English.It can even program and reprogramitself.

Don't be too proud to leave youroffice to seek information from others.Any day of th week there is a mil­lion dollars worth of intelligence afew minutes down the hall. Right out­side your office there is a moving con­ference room. It's amazing how muchyou can learn, day after day, from a5-minute nose-to-nose conversation inthe hallway.

THE FIFTH COMMANDMENTsays set ycur prio'l"ities in terms ofth'fl p"obable rltther than the merelypossible. I can restate that in threewords-work from strength.

MY SIXTH COMMANDMENTsays l1Ulke sure you generate a rea­sonable numbe,' of mistakes. Take alook at your record; and if you cancome to the end of a year and haven'tmade any mistakes, then I say, youhaven't tried everything you shouldhave tried.

It's a cliche to say we learn by ourmistakes. I'll state the case morestrongly. I'll say you can't learn with­out mistakes.

I'm beginning to feel like Polonius,full of advice and great formulas forsuccessful living. But I rememberthat eventually Polonius got stabbedfor his troubles. And I rememberwhat Hamlet said as he stood overPolon,ius' body. He said, "Thouwretched, rash, intruding fool, fare­well!"

Before I reach that point, I shouldsay farewell to you. However, I wouldlike to leave one more bit of executivemystique with you. It comes from atalk by Leo Burnett, founder andchairman of the Leo Burnett Adver­tising Company. He titled his talk,"When to Take My Name cif theDoor." Let me paraphrase a few ofhis words of counsel to his executives:

• Don't lose the sheer fun of yourjob-enjoy what you're doing, and letit please and stimulate you further.

• Don't ever lose the restless feel­ing that nothing you do is ever quitegood enough.

• When you di approve of a pieceof work, don't start tearing the bellout of the l1UlU who d:d it rather thanthe work itself.

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZI E 51

Army-Developed Vaccine Used to Combat VEE

Colonel Fair Takes Command of USACCS at Fort McClellan

keys, mules and burros. Two humanfatalities all::O occurred.

By 1960, Fort Detrick virologistssuccessfully applied the experimentaldata gathered from nearly two dec­ades of VEE research. At this time, alive attenuated vaccine was prepared.

The vaccine was subsequentlytested with animal and human sub­jects. Experimenters concluded thatthe vaccine conferred a solid andlong-lasting immunity. In 1966, theNational Drug Company, a subsidiaryof Richardson-Merrell, Inc., beganproducing the vaccine under an Armycontract.

VEE is native to Central America,Northern South America, and theCaribbean Islands. Outbreaks occurpractically every year in one or moreplaces in these areas. The specificcause of the epizootic in a particulararea at a given time is still unknown.

Speculations emphasize the environ­mental conditions suitable for trans­mission of the virus by mosquito andthe availability of susceptible targetpopulations, infra-human and human.

The human VEE epidemic thatswept through Venezuela between1962 and 1964 reportedly caused32,000 human illnesses and 190deaths, mostly among children.

Besides equines, dogs, swine, bov­ines and birds have proven susceptibleto VEE infection. With the virus intheir blood, these animals serve as re­servoirs for infection of mosquitoes,which in turn can transmit the dis­ease to man.

Col Stanley D. Fair

Col Stanley D. Fair, 1959-£2 action officer with the Office of the Chief ofResearch and Development, will become commandant of the U.S. Army Chemi­cal Center and School at Fort McClellan, Ala., July 28.

In his previous assignment, Col Fair was a member of the Directorate ofStrategic Studies, U.S. Army Combat Developments Command (USACDC)Strategic Studies Institute, Carlisle Barracks, Pa.

Graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1946, he has attended theChemical Officer Advanced Course at Edgewood (Md.) Arsenal, studied physi­

cal science at the Navy Postgraduate School inMonterey, Calif., and received a master's de­gree in radiobiology from the University ofCalifornia at Berkeley in 1954.

Following a tour of duty as a nuclear staffOfficer with the Chemical Field RequirementsAgency at Fort McClellan (1954-58), he at­tended the Command and General Staff Col­lege, Fort Leavenworth, Kans.

In 1962 he was assigned to Vietnam as achemical staff officer with the Advanced Re­search Projects Agency, Office of the Secretaryof Defense. He served as CBR representativeof the U.S. Army Standardization Group inOttawa, Canada (196lHl8), following gradua-

_ tion from the Army War College at CarlisleBarracks. His military honors include the Le­gion of Merit with Oak Leaf Cluster, theBronze Star Medal and Commendation Medal.

breaks in Oolumbia, Guatemala andCosta Rica. More than two milliondoses of the vaccine have been admin­istered to animals in these nations, aswell as in Mexico, Panama, EISalva­dor, Nicaragua and Honduras.

In these nations, the vaccine hasalso been given to more than 6,000persons, protecting 95 percent ofthem. Even vaccinated researchersworking closely with virulent strainsof VEE remained protected.

Science, the journal of the Ameri­can Association for the Advancementof Science, devotes nearly three pagesin the 30 July 1971 edition to anaccount of the U.S. Army's 18-yearresearch effort in producing the VEEvaccine. In accordance with ArmyPolicy, this research was oriented tomilitary objectives.

Titled "VEE Vaccine: FortuitousSpin-off' from BW Research," the ar­ticle points out that, "ironically," thevaccine now proving extremely valua­ble in efforts to cope with threatenedcatastrophic outbreaks in Mexico andthe U.S. Southwest, was a serendipi­tous result of biological warfare re­search. Except for medically orienteddefensive research, this effort has re­cently been phased out at Fort De­trick in line with national policy.

The Army's interest in the viruswas first aroused by an epidemicwhich began on Trinidad in October,1943. The Trinidad outbreak wasalarmingly lethal among horses, don-

Army Chief of Staff General Wil­liam C. Westmoreland announced July15 a new Army policy that placestraining into three basic categories:mission training, individual trainingand training that deals with the 1::01­

dier's personal knowledge of hisrights and responsibilities.

In a message to commanders, hestated, "We must reaffirm our confid­ence in the dedication, judgment andprofessionalism of the officer corps bydecentralizing the management andconduct of training. Only by doing socan we enhance the realism and effec­tiveness of our training to producethe best possible level of mission per­formance."

The existing DA policy of specify­ing certain training subjects as man­datory will be discontinued. Unit com­manders at battalion level and belowwill now receive training guidance inthe form of mission-type instructionsrather than by detailed directives.

Mission training is that training aunit must conduct to accomplish mili­tary tasks it may be assigned. Indi­vidual training includes such areas asthe soldier's individual job, physicalfitness and proficiency with his as­signed weapon.

The third category, the oldier'spersonal knowledge of his rights andresponsibilities, includes training inthe Code of Conduct, the Geneva andHague Conventions, service benefits,race relations and drug problems.

This new training policy does notaffect current programs of instructionfor basic and advanced individualtraining, preparation for overseasmovement, Or service school courses.

The vaccine currently proving suc­cessful in Mexico and the southwestUnited States in treating the deadlyVenezuelan Equine Encephalitis(VEE) was developed during 18years of U.S. Army research effort atFort Detrick, Md., laboratories.

VEE, the horse "sleeping sickness"that has been sweeping Texas andparts of Mexico in recent months, is amosquito-borne disease that killsabout 50 percent of the unvaccinatedhorses it infects.

The Army-developed vaccine, an­nounced in 1961 and effective experi­mentally in 1962 in immunizing adonkey, proved successful on a largescale in 1967-68-69 in preventing thespread of the sleeping sickness in out-

Army CofS AnnouncesNew Training Policy

52 AR :J:Y RESEARCH Ai~D DEVELOP lENT NEWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

Mortar System

Dr. Arthur T. Jobnson. a civilian engineer inEdgewi.od (Md.) Arsenal's Defense Develop­ment and Engineering Laboratories (DDEL),was bonored late in July by the "AmericanSociety of Agricultural Engineers,"

Dr. Johnson was cited for a tecbnical paperof "except.ional merit,'· titled tlMeasurement ofHypothalamic Temperatu,'e and Heart Rate ofPoultry." It reports on researcb compleled dur­ing graduate study at Cornell University.Ithaca, N.Y.

Dr Johnson's bachelor's and master's de­grees in agricultural engineering and his doc­torate in biological engineering were earned atCornell in 1964, 1967 and 1969.

ASAE Cites Edgewood Employe

strain rate relationship for the testmaterial.

A computer program has been writ­ten to provide a rapid method forcomputing the dynamic stress-straincurve. The analytical form of thestress-strain curve is then formulated.Temperature effect may also be incor­porated into the system.

He is the author of several paperson wave propagations in solids andlarge deformation theory of shells ofrevolution, and is a member of theAmerican Society of Mechanical En­gineers, the Society for ExperimentalStress Analysis and Sigma Xi.

WATERVLIET ARSE AL automaticcontrols group members credited withdeveloping a mortar system that auto­matically repositions weapon barrelwithin seconds are (from left) tool anddie-maker Herbert Lewis, technicianW. H. Ziegler and physicist Gary Woods.

Watervl iet Develops AutomaticAutomation has corrected mortar

system firing displacement caused bymovement of the weapon's baseplate.

Watervliet Arsenal has developedan automatic- mortar system which re­quires less than two seconds to returnthe barrel to its original aiming posi­tion. This reduction from the minuteneeded for manual operation providesfor an increased rate of fire and de­creases the possibility for error inmanual re-aiming.

Currently undergoing further labo­ratory and field tests, the device uti­lizes an elevation angle sensor thattransmits a differential air pressuresignal to a fluidic amplifier. This acti­vates a piston-cylinder combinationattached to the barrel that returns thebarrel to the original firing position.

The system is applicable to all mor­tars now being used by U.S. militaryforces, and those of the future.

Hopkinson Apparatus to Material TestingDr. Shun-chin Chat' graduated

from National Taiwan University in1956 with a BS degree in civil engi­neering. He obtained an MS from theUniversity of Washington and a PhDin applied mechanics from StanfordUniversity in 1964.

Since joining the Theoretical andApplied Mechanics Research Labora­tory of the U.S. Army Materials andMechanics Research Center(AMMRC), Watertown, Mass., in1968, he has been engaged in studyingthe propagation characteristics ofstress waves in solids and determin­ing constitutive relations of materials.Prior to his employment at AMMRC,he worked as senior staff scientist atAVCO-Missile Systems Division, Wil­mington, Mass., where he alw was en­gaged in material characterization.

nate the magneto-strictive effect thatoccurs if wire or foil gauges are usedin an impact test.

Two sets of gauges are located asclose to the two interfaces as possi­ble; the other set is located near theimpact end of the weighbar. The out­put of each set of gauges is fed to anoscilloscope. The oscilloscopes' aretriggered by a crystal pinducer and adelay system.

These gauges record: the incidentwave at the impact end of the weigh­bar; the resultant of the incident andreflected waves at the interface of theweighbar and the specimen; and thetransmitted wave at the interface ofthe specimen and anvil-bar.

Once these stress-time curves areobtained, they are analyzed by usingthe one-dimensional theory of wavepropagation to obtain a stress-strain-

-~:ll:rlljW

Fig. 1 Compression, Shear and TensionTest rangement

MMRC Applies SplitBy Dr. S. C. Chou

Most Army materiel must operaten a dynamic environment, therebymposing analyses requirements forpredicting the dynamic response oftructures. Since mechanical proper­

ties of materials are generally timeand temperature dependent, it is es­ential that these effects be included

in the predictive analyses.A constitutive equation of the mate­

rial, which incorporates temperatureand strain rate effect, is needed toobtain good predictions. The U.S.Army Materials and Mechanics Re­~earch Center, Watertown, Mass., isusing a split Hopkinson bar appara­us to determine the strain-rate effectn mechanical properties of bothetallic and nonmetallic materials.Figure 1 shows a schematic of

hree arrangements of a modified splitopkinson bar for conducting com­

ression, tension and shear tests onny arbitrary material at high strain

rates.The range of strain rates achieva­

Ie with such a device is from 50 to,000 inches/seconds, governed by the

ength and str ngth of the elasticars and those of the test specimen.The principle is that a striker is

lccelerated down a barrel (by releas­ng compressed gas in a reservoir) tompact an elastic weighbar. The re­'ulting stress wave travels down theNeighbar.

When the wave reaches the inter­"ace between the weighbar and thepecimen-sandwiched between theeighbar and the anvil-bar-part of

he wave is reflected at the interfacend part is transmitted into the an-

vil-bar through the specimen.Under this condition, the specimen

's plastically deformed. Three sets oftrain gauges are mounted to thelastic weighbar and anvil-bar. Semi­

conductor gaug s are used to elimi­""'00/fm ..,"( ''''''''7 1_ "''''''1

rl--<----,,. __....L---,

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME IT NEWS MAGAZINE

Canadian Forces Officer Assigned to AMC Liaison

approach the applications stage in theaerospace field because of their ex­tremely high strength and modulus/density ratios_

Watervliet Arsenal ~cientists morerecently have made extensive investi­gations into the characterization andfilament winding fabrication of steelwire (0.002"-0.008" dia.) with tensilestrengths of 500,000 psi and tensilemodulus of 30 million psi. Commer­cially available, these wires have been

COMPO ITE MATERIAL TUBING for the 106mm recoil­less ritle wa developed by Watervliet (NS.) Arsenal teamcomprised of (standing, from left) Robert Cullinan, Dr.Giuliano D'Andrea and lartin . Ferguson. Paul Croteau(kneeling) holds 106mm projectile of the type successfullytest-fired through the experimental 54-inch tube section.

found to be easily handled on fila­ment-winding equipment.

Steel wire has been generally over­looked as a legitimate candidate foradvanced composite because of itshigh density. Watervliet investigatorshave found that steel wire has definiteadvantages over other reinforcingfibers besides availability and price.The tensile and compressive modulusand tensile strength are higher; wet­ting is quicker and the bond i gener­ally stronger between resin and fila­ment.

Significant also is that there is noloss of strength due to mechanicaldamage of the filaments during fabri­cation. This is a very important char­acteristic of the wire because it leadsto high composite efficiency, i.e., allthe filament strength is utilized in thestrength of the composite. Steel wirecomposites show no loss of strengthwith time due to poor static fatigueresistance.

Future plans call for extensive en­vironmental testing on this compositesystem along with the fabrication andtest firing of a full size 106mm com­posite recoiUe s rifle.

Arsenal scientists feel that steelwire organic composites have a defi­nite future in advanced composites.The high composite efficiency permitsmore effective designing of parts andresults in good correlation betweentheory and experimental data.

Assignment of a Canadian Forces Liaison Officer at HQ, U.S. Army MaterielCommand, Washington, D.C., was announced recently.

During a 3-year tour of duty, Lt Col Glassco Henderson will be responsiblefor providing the AMC staff with re earch and development information onCanada and the Canadian Forces. His duties include repol-ting on AMC pro­jects in which Canada is interested by virtue of mutual defen e goals.

On the completion of officer candidate trainingat the Royal Canadian School of Artillery (Anti­aircraft), Lt Col Henderson was commissioned asa Reserve officer and retained as an instructor.During 1959 he was a student at the BritishArmy Staff College, CamberIey, England.

In 1963, he was appointed commanding officerof the 2d Surface-ta-Surface Missile Battery,Royal Canadian Artillery, an independent unitequipped with the Honest John rocket. He wasmoved in 1966 to Cyprus, where he served asOperations Officer for the United Nations Force.

After completing a course in 1969 at theArmed Forces Staff College at Norfolk, Va., bewas appointed senior staff officer, Equipment Re­

Lt Col Glas co Hender on quirements, HQ Mobile Command in Montreal.

Watervliet Uses Composite MaterialsTo Reduce Weight of 106mm Rifle Tube

Fabrication and successful test firing of a 106mm recoil­less ritle with a section of tube made of composite materi­als weighing 40 percent less than its conventional steelcounterpart was reported recently by a team of Watervliet(N.Y.) Arsenal scienti ts and engineers.

Initial successful test results on the 54-inch-long light­weight tubing are regarded as a major step toward devel­opment of a complete 106mm tube made entirely of com­posite materials. Improving the strength-to-weight ratio isexpected to increase significantly the weapon's efficiency interms of increased mobility.

Created in the arsenal's Organic Composite Laboratory,the tube was fabricated of steel wire and epoxy binder toform a composite jacket, which was then filament-woundon a thin-walled steel-rifled liner. The length limitation of54 inches was imposed by the wire winder; normaJ106mmtubes are 108 inches.

Dr. Giuliano D'Andrea, who heads the development pro­ject, says the steel-epoxy composite gives the componentlower density, higher tensile strength and higher modulusof elasticity-or stiffness-than can be obtained with con­ventional structural materials.

Developed following long-sustained and intensive workin elastic-plastic analysis by Watervliet Arsenal research­ers, the tube was successfully test-fired at Picatinny(N.J.) Arsenal. Plans call for manufacture of economicaland highly effective gun tubes made of similar compositematerials readily available from commercial suppliers.

Dr. D'Andrea is being assisted in the project by che­mists Robert Cullinan and Martin S.Ferguson, physicist Lt Frank A.Costa and engineering technicianPaul Croteau.

Investigators, the world over, intheir search for the ideal compositefor gun tubes and other ordnanceitems, have long been screening thepotential candidate fibers which havestrengths exceeding 200,000 psi andmodulus values over 25 million psi.

Boron and graphite fibers, bothvery expensive to date, have begun to

54 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T EWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

NLABS-WPllnnovate Techno!ogical Education Program per onnel. Dr. Yi H. Ma, associateprofessor of chemical engineering atWPI, will be faculty adviser to thestudents working at NLABS. He hasworked with the labs as a consultant.

The WPI plan was developed after18 months study by faculty members,students, administrators, alumni andtrustees. After planning with his ad­viser a program to meet career objec­tives, a student works at his ownpace. By attending optional summerterms, he/she may graduate in as lit­tle as three years or go slower for thenormal four years.

Each student will work on two pro­jects or independent studies duringhis undergraduate program--one inhis technical fielit 'alld the other ineffort emphasizing the humanities.

The conventional letter gradingsystem has been changed so that stu­dents will earn course grades of"acceptable with distinction" or"acceptable." His adviser provides awritten evaluation of his work tobecome part of the academic record.A sufficiency examination in his stud­ies, in the science project and in thehumanities must be passed to qualifyfor a BS degree.

Adaptation of the plan on a smallscale has demonstrated that most stu­dents learn better with this approach,in that a real problem challenge givespurpose to textbooks and lectures.

Interest in the plan from prospec­tive students is credited by the WPIadmissions office with increasing theWPI entering class in September by12 percent over the originally plannedenrollment of 550 men and women.

Col Kenneth L. Stahl

Stahl Takes Command of Fort McClellan C-B-R- AgencyCommand of the U.S. Army Combat Developments Command's (CDC) Chem­

ical-Biological-Radiological Agency at Fort McClellan, Ala., was assumed re­cently by Col Kenneth L. StahL

In 1968 he served at Fort McClellan as chief, Technical Department, U.S.Army Chemical Center and School and subsequently as CO of the 100thChemical Group (Provisional). He completed the Chemical Officer AdvancedCourse at the installation in 1959 and was assigned as operations officer (S3)with HQ Army Chemical Corps Training Command.

..• He was inspector general, 1st LogisticalCommand, Vietnam, prior to completing theIndustrial College of the Armed Forces, Wash­ington' D.C. He also has completed the Com­mand and General Staff College at Fort Leav­enworth, Kans.

Commissioned in 1950 after completing theROTC program as a distinguished militarygraduate at the University of Wisconsin, ColStahl holds a BS degree in chemistry and anMS degree in microbiology (1956) from thesame university.

He has served in the Far East with the 1stCavalry Division, as general staff officer in theOffice of the Chief Chemical Officer in Wash­ington, D.C., and U.S. liaison officer in London.

His decorations include the Legion of Merit,the Bronze Star Medal and the Army Com­mendation Medal with four Oak Leaf Clusters.

Project activity in which WPI stu­dents will become involved at NLABSwill include food preservation, pack.aging for dropping from aircraft ini..-olated or emergency areas, develop­ment of mobile and portable fieldkitchens, design of insulated food con­tainers, microwave cooking, taste re­search, and recycling of waste paperto fqrm fuels and edible sugar.

Students will all work in nonclassi­fied areas on projects having broadpotential for civilian applications. Ingroups of two or three, they will beunder direction of NLABS technical

uty for Laboratories Dr. Robert B.Dillaway participated in the ceremo­nies on the WPI campus markingagreement on the plan. Dignitaries in­cluded Brig Gen Dean Van Lyder­graf, CG of NLABS, and Dr. Dale H.Sieling, scientific director and hisNLABS deputy.

WPI was represented by Dr.George Hazzard, president, Milton P.Higgins, trustee chairman, and Wil­liam R. Grogan, dean, UndergraduateProgram. Dr. Hazzard termed signingof the agreement "a great day forWPI students."

Citing NLABS as a world-re­nowned research center in food proc­essing, protective clothing and otherhuman needs, he said it is "an idealsite for our first internship center.This type of work is particularly ap­pealing to today's socially consciousstudents who want to work on pro­jects to improve the quality of life...

Described as a "completely new ap­proach to technological education" isa program agreement betweenWorcester Polytechnic Institute andthe U.S. Army Natick (Mass.) Labo­ratories that sets up internship cen­ters.

Announced July 22 and scheduledfor initiation with the resumption ofclasses at WPI in September, the planwill begin on a limited basis. Up to 20WPI undergraduates will spend about25 percent of their normal study timeworking with NLABS staff engineersand scientists.

Students selected for the innovativeprogram, intended to stimulate crea­tive-thinking graduates with provenskill, will be as igned to projects thatwill train them in solving technologi­cal and EOcietal problems.

Working closely with faculty advis­ers, students will develop their indivi­dualized programs of study, insteadof following a prescribed set of re­quired courses. Under the plan, pro­jects will pertain to real problemsneeding solution by industry, busi­ness, government or the public.

WPI is arranging with cooperatingcompanies and agencies to have workon some of the projects done awayfrom campus. For example, NLABSwill provide special laboratory equip­ment and ready consultation withsome of the world's leading authori­ties in the project areas.

Student progress will be evaluatedby a WPI faculty adviser assigned towork with the student teams and tocooperate with sponsoring organiza­tions. The agreement with NLABSwas described as the first formal ar­rangement between WPI and a spon·sor.

U.S. Army Materiel Command Dep-

SAM-D System CTV FlightsMeet Test Objectives at WSMR

Controlled test vehicle (CTV)flights with tbe SAM-D missile havebeen completed successfully at WhiteSands (N. Mex.) Missile Range.

The SAM-D (Surface-to-Air Mis­sile Developm nt) has passed numer­ous launch-eject, propulsion and con­trol system flight tests. Test objec­tives included a series of high-angleattack maneuvers that subjected themissile to severe stress to verifystructural integrity, and ability to becontrolled and maneuvered.

The highly mobile system, being de­veloped for use against high-perform­ance aircraft in the late 19705, will beable to engage and simultaneously de­stroy several t rgets.

Brig Gen J. C. Fimiani of MICOMis project manager.

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZINE 55

Fig. 1. Longitudinal, transverse, and short-transverse micro tructures of:(a) commercial 7075-T6 and (b) specially proces ed 7075-T6 roUed plate.

By Harold Markus andHigh-strength aluminum alloys are

used extensively in Army materiel be­cause of their light weight, ease offabrication and good mechanical prop­erties. Utilization would be increased,particularly for critical structuralcomponents, if alloys with higherstrengths, improved ductility andgood secondary properties could beproduced.

Two new processing techniqueswere demonstrated recently which sig­nificantly improve the mechanicalproperties of high-strength aluminumalloys. Developed cooperatively byFrankford Arsenal and the Massa­chusetts Institute of Technology is atechnique that involves elimination ofundissolved phases in the materialthrough control of purity, ingot solidi­fication rates and homogenizationtreatments.

New also is a thermal mechanicaltreatment (TMT). Patent applica­tions for the treatment, involving theapplication of plastic deformation be­tween aging cycles, have been filed inItaly and the United States. Provid­ing excellent combinations of strengthand ductility in high-strength alloys,TMT was developed under a Memo­randum of Understanding betweenthe U.S. Army and the Italian Minis­try of Defense.

In the "U.S.-Italy Cooperative Re­search and Development Program onAluminum Alloys," work was con­ducted at the Instituto Sperimentalledei Metalli Leggeri (ISML), Milan,Italy, under contract with the ItalianMinistry of Defense.

The program was monitored for theU.S. Army by Frankford Arsenal,and its establishment resulted fromefforts of the Physical and Engineer­ing Sciences Division, Office of theChief of Research and Development.

HOMOGENIZATION. Strengthand ductility of commercial high­strength wrought aluminum alloys

ID ..: .... .......

....•.•.

I.....:.

40

j~j!:i.: ;:l~::

1O-r-------------,

E::!COMMERCIALISSISPECIALLY

PROCESSED

temperature of 900°F. produced acompletely homogeneous material.

Mechanical working of the ingot atelevated temperature prior to or aspart of the treatment decreases thetime required for complete homogeni­zation. In fact, the greater the me-­chanical work, the less the time re­quired for homogenization; the work­ing decreases the diffusion distancebetween the second phase particles,breaking them down to a small size sothey are more readily dis!;olved.

Figure 1 shows the longitudinal,transverse and short transver e mi­crostructures of commercial 7075-T6and specially processed (homogen­ized) 7075-T6 rolled plate. It shouldbe noted that the second phases havebeen eliminated in the specially proc­e sed material.

Tensile properties of these materi­als are plotted in Figure 2. Strengthsof the materials are about the same.Ductility of the homogeneous mate­rial, as measured by reduction ofarea, is much greater, however, thanthat of the commercial counterpart.This difference is especially noticeablein the short transverse direction.

Figure 2 ah:o shows that the me­chanical properties of the homoge­neous material are essentially iso­tropic whereas there i considerabledirectionality pre"ent in the proper­ties of the commercial material.

Secondary properties, such as frac­ture toughness and fatigue behavior,are improved by homogenization, es­pecially in the short transverse direc-

HIIlJ

Fig. 2. Longitudinal, transverse andshort transver e properties of commer­cial and specially proce ed 7075-T6.

High-Strength Aluminum AlloysDr. Thomas E. Sullivanare impaired by the presence of un­dissolved phases in the microstruc­ture, arising from two sources-insol­uble impurity phases and solublephases that were not dissolved due toinadequate treatments.

Experimental work on homogeniza­tion was carried out on 7000 seriesalloys, primarily 7075(AI-5.6 % Zn-2.5%Mg-1.6%Cu), butthe results are applicable also to the2000 and 6000 series alloys. Homogen­ization was facilitated by: (1) lowimpurity content, (2) small dendritearm spacing (DAS) in the ingot, (3)proper homogenization temperatureand time, and (4) mechanical workingof the ingot.

Previous studies showed that theinsoluble impurity phases are mainlyiron-rich. Consequently, the amount ofiron was limited to less than 0.01 per­cent. Silicon was also limited to lessthan 0.01 percent as a precautionarymeasure since it al!;o ha low solubil­ity in aluminum. Specifications forcommercial 7075 alloy permit 0.5%max. iron and 0.4% max. silicon.

The DAS is an important parame­ter affecting homogenization becauseit is a measure of the diffusion dis­tance involved in the homogenizationprocess. The finer (i.e., smaller) theDAS, the more rapid the material canbe homogenized. If the DAS isgreater than 100 micron, it wasfound, homogenization will be incom­plete in reasonable times at tempera­ture. By u ing a direct chill-castingtechnique and by proper control ofcasting procedures, one is able toachieve a very small DAS even inlarge ingots.

'1'0 achieve a structure that is com­pletely free of undissolved solublephases, the homogenization tempera­ture must be chosen "0 that the com­position of the alloy is in the AI-rich,solid-solution phase field. In the expe­riments on 7076, a homogenization

56 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T EWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

Transfer of a computerized communicationscenter at Hancock Air Force Base. Syracuse.N.Y.. from the Navy to the Army, July 1.was announced by Maj GeD W. B. Lalta. CGof the Army's worldWIde Strategic Communi­cations. Command. Fort Huachuca. Ariz.

Vile at J.~ JOeated around. tlle wOnd as partof the defense communications system (DCS).the Syracuse AUTODJN (automatic digitalnetwork) Switching Center is a computer·controlled data system. Operational since April1966, it provides high-speed communications ofover 100.000 messages a day at rates of up to6.000 words a minute.

Renamed tbe STRATCOM Northeast Tele­communications Switching Center. the facilityis part of STRATCOM's National Communica­tions Command (Provisional), beBdquanel'edat Fort Ritchie. Md.

Similar to the STRATCOM East Coast Tele­eommuniea",ions Center at Fort Detrick, Md.•the Syracllse AUTODIN will be lbe second con­trolled in tbe United States by STRATCOM,which has overseas facilities in tbe Repllblic ofVietnam. Okinawa, Italy and West Germany.

The SyrBcus, AU1'ODII'1 link. D<partmentof Defen.e organizations with STRATCOM'sPentagon Teleeommunica.tions Center andnOl·tbeast Federal agencie••

Syracuse AUTODIN CenterTransfened to Army Control

Fig. 3. Yield strength vs. elongation of7001, 7005, 7075 and 7139 alloys in theT6, T9 and TMT tempers categories.

effect of homogenization and TMT onthe mechanical properties, fracturetoughness and stress-corrosion crack­ing resistance. Furthermore, thesenew techniques are being applied toseveral development programs involv­ing such critical applications as car­tridge, armor and rocket motor cases.

..

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nt". T'.nmoJt 14:. ~""i­van (teft). chief. Mate·rials .sciellcc, &: 1'eclmol.0011 Branch. Pill/.ical &:Engineering Sc;encea Di­lfiBion. U.S. Army Re­.earch Office. 0 f!icc. Chiefof Re.earch anlt Develop­ment.

Harold Marku.8 (right).director, MetaUurgl/ Re­sea..clL Laborato"" Pit­man·Dunn Reaearch Lab­oratories, Frankford(Pa.) Arsenal.

ment, cold-water quench, naturalaging for three to seven days, lowtemperature artificial aging, coldwork, and final artificial aging at ei­ther a higher temperature than thefirst artificial aging step or for alonger time at the same temperatureas the first artificial aging step.

In the TMT of 7075 alloy, the firstartificial aging step has been carriedout at about 220°F., the working hasbeen 10 to 30 percent at room temper­ature (although working tempera­tures up to 375°F. are acceptable),and the final artificial aging step hasbeen carried 'out a 200 0 and 260°F.Work is being conducted in optimizingthe steps involved in TMT.

The yield strength and correspond­ing elongation of several 7000 seriesalloys in the TMT and T9 conditionsare plotted in Figure 3. These dataare for commercial purity material5/64 of an inch thick. It can be seenthat for a given treatment, T9 orTMT, the strength increases and theelongation decreases. However, TMTgives a better combination of strengthand elongation than does T9 temper.For a given strength, the elongationis greater in the TMT than in the T9temper; for a given elongation, thestrength is greater in the TMT thanin the T9 temper.

The 7001 data in Figure 3 alsoshow that, compared to the T6 temper(open symbol at far right), TMT(closed symbol at far right) signifi­cantly increases the yield strengthwhile decreasing the elongation only avery small amount. Note in the uppercurve, illustrating the TMT proper­ties of 7001 alloy, that a yieldstrength of 100,000 psi with an elon­gation of 10 percent was achieved.

SUMMARY. The processes of hom­ogenization and the new thermal me­chanical treatment have been shownto improve significantly the propertiesof high-strength aluminum alloys.The combined effect of homogeniza­tion and TMT is potentially capableof additional improvement in theproperties of aluminum alloys.

Current work is directed towardsoptimizing the parameters involved inTMT and evaluating the combined

tion. Specifically, the plane strainfracture toughness, K••, in the shorttransverse direction in 2-inch thickplates is 22,000 psi for commercial7075-T6 compared to 60,000 psi forhomogeneous 7075-T6.

Preliminary tests show that the fa­tigue strength in the short transversedirection in commercial 7076-T6 is22,000 psi compared to 27,000 psi inthe homogeneous 7075-T6. Fatiguestrengths of the two materials areequal in the longitudinal direction(their value is 27,000 psi), indicatingthat the fatigue strength of homoge­neous 7075-T6 is isotropic.

Other preliminary results show thatthe stress corrosion resistances ofcommercial and homogeneous 7075-T6are essentially equivalent.

THERMAL MECHANICALTREATMENTS. TMT in aluminum.alloys combines thermal treatmentsand mechanical processing techniquesto improve the properties of the mate­rials over those of the standard T6condition (solution heat-treated,quenched and artificially aged).

A common thermal mechanicaltreatment is the T8 temper, which in­volves solution treating, quenching,cold working and then artificial aging.Since the cold work is applied prior toaging, the aging kinetics are affected.

In the 2000 and 6000 series alloys,the cold work accelerates the agingkinetics and the strength is greaterthan in the T6 temper. The T8 temperis used commercially in these alloys.

Cold work prior to aging does nothave a favorable influence on theaging kinetics of 7000 series alloysand the strength in the T8 temper isno better than that in the T6 temper.Therefore, T8 is not a commerciallyused temper in 7000 series alloys.

One means of raising the strengthof the 7000 series alloys is the so­called T9 temper. This is only a me­chanical treatment involving coldworking the material in the T6 condi­tion, which does not influence theaging kinetics because the cold workis applied after aging is completed.Hence the effects of aging and coldwork are merely additive.

Cold working T6 material naturallyincreases the strength, but the ductil­ity is greatly reduced. In addition, theT9 temper is not commercially feasi­ble for use in the 7000 series alloys.

With this as a background, ISMLdeveloped TMT for 7000 series alloys.Better combinations of strength andductility result than can be obtainedby the use of conventional thermalmechanical treatments. AlthoughTMT was developed primarily for the7000 series, it has given similar resultsfor the 2000 and 6000 series.

TMT involves solution heat treat-

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH ANI) DEVELOPMENT NEWS MAGAZI E 57

WRAIR's Dr. Hahn Defends Army Medical Research EssentialityIn addressing the first graduates fr01lt the

year-lO'Ylg Walter Reed Army Institute of Re­search prog1'ant for Research Training Fellows inmid-July, Dr. Freidrich E. Hahn vigorously de­fended the essentiality of medical researchagainst current criticism. His address is repro­duced here.

Dr. Hahn joined the WRAIR staff in 1949 andsince 1959 has served as chief, Depart11tent 0/Molecula1' Biology. He was chief, BiomechanicalLaboratory, Institute of Virus Research in Hei­delberg, Germany (1946-49) and received hisdoctorate from the University of Kiel in 1948.

• • •Today's graduation of OUT Research

Training Fellows is a milestone intheir professional development and inthe 78-year history of our Institute.. . . This is the first time that wegraduate research training fellow;,;.In so doing we give formal expres­sion to the fact that our curriculumemphasizes the training of medicalofficers in the planning, actual con­duct and reporting of original bi~

medical research. Gentlemen, we havebeen trying to give you a scientificeducation in miniature.

I hold it appropriate, therefore, tocomment on the current condition andproblems concerning biomedical re­search at large. We all know that thisresearch is the target of various linesof adverse criticism and of attemptedinterference.

Firstly, there has arisen a neo-ro­mantic and highly irrational move­ment among younger intellectualswhich is often called the counter­culture. (This counterculture attacksscience as we know it and considers itnot relevant to the contemplation ofnature and of man.) Instead, it advo­cates reliance on intuitive and specu­lative insights based upon naive open­ness to nature and to people.

This is neither new nor surprising.In the early 1800s arose the originalromantic movement in Europe whichwas an emotional reaction to therationalism inherent in the uhilosophyof Enlightenment. Natural Philosophy,as it was called. relegated science tomere phenomenology.

The German philosopher, Schelling,speculated, interestingly enough inMedical Science Annual, that naturecould never be comprehended throughobservation and scientific theorv butonly throug-h speculative and intuitiveinterpretation.

Within thirty years, the romanticNatural Philosophy had crossed theAtlantic and found an echo in RalphWaldo Emet'f"on's treatiQI!. "Naturli',"and in the ideas of the TranscendentalClub of 1836. The counterculture of

the 19th Century finally came to griefin the revolutionary year 1848 and didnot impede the advancement ofscience, medicine and technology.

Today's irrational and antiscientificcounterculture, it seems, does have animpact on critical thought concerningscience and technology in general, andmedical research in particular, evenamong individuals and institutionswho or which are not camp-follov'ersof the new cult.

From such an impact arises thesecond argument, which holds thatfunds which are spent for medical re­search should be more appropriatelyused for improvements in practicalhealth care, based upon knowledgewhich is already established.

To the extent to which the argumentromanticizes the underpriviledged, itis incapable of objective discussion.Taken at its face value, it is patentiyfallacious. Care for mental patients,for cancer patients or for patientssuffering from cardiovascular dis­eases is expensive for the evidentreason that research has not yet pro­vided the fundamental knowledge nec­essary to develop effective means forthe cure or prevention of these dis­eases.

Let me remind you that less than 30years ago, the institutional care ofpatients suffering from tuberculosiswas lengthy, costly and of uncertainprognosis. The medical aspects ofThomas Mann's Magic Mountai?t havea positively medieval :liavor.

Today with streptomycin, isoniazid,PAS and rifampicin, the radical cnreof tuberculosis is a routine procooureand TB sanatoria have been closeddown for lack of chronically illpatients. While it is desirable to allotmore money to health care, it wouldbe self-defeating for the progress ofmedicine to dismantle research inorder to free such funds. Wh!1t isneeded is more research in order togenerate fundamental knowledge as abasis for the development of su.~cess­

ful therapy.

The element of skepticism concern­ing science and technology the cuun­tercuture is injecting into our cultureleads, thirdly, to an unfocused line ofcriticism that grows out of frustrationand impatience with the measured rateof progress in medical research.

People have called antibiotics mira­cle drugs and they are demandingcontinued miracles for their money.We read much about political and ad­ministrative infighting over the es­tablishment of a $100-miIlion-a- yearcrash program to cure cancer.

Laymen, whether in office or not,argue that a technology which hasdeveloped atomic bombs and landetimen on the moon should also be able tocome up with cures of the majordiseases of man. The. argument issuperficial and uninformed. The Man­hattan Project and the ApoPo Pro­gram were based upon establishedscientific knowledge: Atomic fissionand the laws of gravity were known.

The famous letter of Albert Einsteinto President Roo:::evelt in the fall of1939, which suggested the technologi­cal feasibility of developing atomicexplosives, was written preciselybecause uranium fission had been dis­covered earlier that year by Hahn andStrassmann and the way was nowopen for an application of this dis­covery.

To develop the bomb or to buildthe moonship required prodigiousfeats of expensive engineering, butdid no longer require the acquisitionof the fundamental scientific knowl­edge on which these projects werebased.

In the disease categories which con­stitute major causes of morbidity andmortality, we do not yet have thefundamental knowledge to organLzemedical Manhattan Projects and todevelop the medicinal items or pro­cedures that will be needed to elimi­nate these health problems throughthe practice of medicine on a broadbasis.

We cannot even judge with -confi­dence if the elimination of dhlea:::esmust be brought about by the stndyof diseases themselves or if the meansfor such eliminat:on will come tromnon-disease-oriented areas of scientificinvestigation.

Don't forget that the bact-erialetiology of many infectious diseaseswas known for 70 years before thefirst curative drug, pronto ii, wafound as a sideline of the indust'tialdevelopment of synthetic dyes. Wecome perhaps closest to an engineer­ing approach in the development of

58 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

EPA Establishes Standing Advisory Unit

I

vaccines or of chemotherapeutic drugs.Even in these areas there remains toomuch trial and error and a largeelement of scientific uncertainty, asborn out vividly by the history of thedrug-resistance problem in malariaduring the past 12 years.

Fourtbly and lastly, unrealistic ap­praisals of what current medical re­search can or cannot accomplish ulti­mately, in the form of improvementsin the practice of medicine, have showna tendency of spilling over into legis­lative bodies and into upper adminis­trative echelons.

This has led to the adoption of amanagement concept known as misH1n/torientation. It is in this form andwith the associated managerial andfiscal controls that the biomedical re­search scentist encounters the newcriticism directly on his own opera­tional ground.

Let me say at this point with un­mistakable clarity: If, when, and assoon as, ba ic scientific knowledge be-­comes available which can be directlyapplied to the solution of medical

The Environmental ProtectionAp'ency announced July 31 the estab­lishment of' a Standing AdvisoryCommittee of state and interstate of­ficials to provide consultation on acontinuing ba is to EPA's Office ofWater Programs.

The EPA said the Advisory Com­mittee will offer the views and adviceof the states and interstate agencieson the progmms and proposed poli­cies, legislation, and other matters ofmutual concern in the nationwide ef­fort to prevent water pollution andenhance the quality of water re­sources.

First of its kind to be set up withinthe EPA, the committee will consistof executive officers of three nationalorganizations-the Association ofState and Interstate Water PollutionControl Administrators (ASIWPCA),the Conference of State Sanitary En­gineel's (CSSE), and the InterstateConference on Water Problems(ICWP).

Until the committee selects officers,the president of the ASIWPCA, Rob­ert A. Lafleur of Louisiana, and thechairmen of the CSSE, Wesley G. Gil­bert..on of Pennsylvania, and theICWP, orman Billings of Michigan,will serve jointly as committee vice­chairmen.

Nicholas M. Golubin, EPA Office ofWater Programs, will be the execu­tive secretary of the committee.

Under proposals now before theCongress, the Water Programs Office

., '

problems, such application and theensuing developments must, indeed, beoriented according to the mission ofany given organization that is dedi­cated to the solution of such problems.

In research areas in which biomedi­cal scientists are still groping ftlr thefundamental knowledge on which tobase future applications, the sense <Jfdirection is an intrinsic feature of theresearch process. Interference bysuperimposing premature missionorientation can only be counterpro­ductive.

Basic biomedical research is theindispensible procedure by which youcome to know, and mission orientationof applied research and developmentis the mandatory procedure to followafter you know.

Professionally speaking, this is 1'elf­evident. The current crisis in medicalresearch can, in the last anal vsis, betraced to a condition in which layunrest, fostered among other factorsby the counterculture with its inces­sant agitation and prodding, diffusesinto the planning and management of

of the Environmental ProtectionAe:ency would receive $2 billion in FY1972 for construction grants to mu­nicipalities for installation, expansion,and updating of municipal wastetreatment facilities. An additional $15million in grants would support oper­ation of state and interstate waterpollution control programs.

Hospital at Fort Devens NamedTo Honor Famed Army Surgeon

Dedication of a new $6,822,000 U.S.Army hospital at Fort Devens, Mass.,July 27, provided the occasion forArmy Surgeon General (Lt Gen) HalB. Jennings Jr. to pay tribute to thefamous surl!'eon, Dr. Elliott CarrCutler, for whom it is named.

Dr. Cutler, commissioned in the Re­serve as a brigadier general, servedas surgical consultant to the ChiefSurgeon, European Theater of Opera­tions during World War II.

Upon his return to the U.S. in1945, he resumed a position as Mose­ley Professor of Surgery at HarvardUniversity and chief surgeon, PeterBent Brigham Hospital in Boston.Until his death two years later healso was a consultant to the Secretaryof War.

Dr. Cutler was credited with help­ing to lay the foundation for rebuild­ing the Army Medical Departmentcapabilities, following the ravages ofdemobilization, and also assisting theVeterans Administration to improvecare of wounded veterans.

medical research and causes disunityamong those who can only jointlysucceed.

You gentlemen who graduate todayafter a period of toil but, I hope, alsoof satisfaction with your researchexperience, should remember beyondthe technical details of your experi­ments that medical research-moreresearch, the best possible research­holds the one promise of eliminatingthe miseries of disease of man, mili­tary and civilian alike.

ODD R&D Agencies EvaluateBRL Prog~am at APG Meet

Nearly 200 scientific and engineer­ing personnel from U.S. Army, Navy,Air Force and other Department ofDefense R&D agencies participated ina mid-July conference at Aberdeen(Md.) Proving Ground.

The 2-day semiannual TechnicalReview of the Ballistic Research Lab­oratories (BRL) agenda includedpresentations by BRL representatives,the Army Materiel Command's var­ious commodity commands and otherArmy agencies.

In his introductory remarks, Dr. R.J. Eichelberger, BRL director, saidthe purpose of the review is to evalu­ate the over-all BRL program, to in­sure that the organization is makingeffective use of its resources in meet­ing current and envisioned futureArmy requirements.

Discussions emphasized ongoingand planned programs in exterior, in­terior and terminal ballistics. Vulner­ability, reduction of vulnerability, tar­get signatures, propagation and rec­ognition and nuclear weapons effectsre..earch and simulation were amongtopics considered.

Dr. Eichelberger described the BRLas an integral organization within thecomplex of the U.S. Army AberdeenResearch and Development Center. Hedelineated the following objectives ofthe BRL program:

• To establish a technological baseand provide Army agencies with basictools for the design and evaluation ofweapon systems.

• To innovate by synthesizing theresults of BRL research into feasibleconcepts for advanced weapon sys­tems or components.

• To provide consultation servicesto weapon developers and to solveproblems occurring in specific systemsundergoing development or arisingduring field use of completed systems.

The review discussions concentratedon the BRL's rate of progress, mile­stones reached and the importance ofcertain research results.

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4 JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE 59

Joseph W. Steyaert is an electrical engineer incharge of vehicle instruments and ignition system.sin the Vehicular Components and Materials Divi­sion, U.S. Army Tank-A1Ltomotive Command Wa?'­ren, Mich.

A U.S. Government employe for lit years, he hasa BS degree in electrical engineering from theUniversity of Detroit and is a registered profes­sional engineer in the State 0/ Michigan.

tion to detect poor combustion or bor­derline misfire. (Borderline misfire isdefined here as poor burning of thefuel mixture rather than the mix­ture's failure to ignite. A wOt~sening

condition would eventually lead tocomplete mLfire.) Bonuses from thisinstrumentation were an accurate ex­hau_t emission graph and pollutantgeneration data.

Effects of spark voltage rise-time,spark duration and spark energy onperformance were studied on the cali­brated engine by constructing a CDsystem with variable spark character­istics. This wag.' a "breadboard" sy ­tem with potentiometer controls forvarying rise-time, duration or energythrough a pt'edetermined 'ange.

Initial testing revealed that eventhe lowest energy system (3.6 milli­joules) performed as well as or betterthan the standard ystem. The testprogram was enlarged and from it anoptimum system was selected. Thespark energy was 8 millijoules, sparkduration 120 microseconds, and volt­age rise-time 8 microseconds. Nominaloutput voltage was 18 kilovolts, withan available 22 kilovolts for low-tem­perature starting.

Although the ignition system per­formance was satisfactory with sparkenergies in the 3.5-millijoule range,the 8-millijoule value was selected be­cause it is well above any marginalperformance area.

A higher energy was not chosen be­cause electrode el'Osion must be keptto a minimum to assure the long pluglife necessary for a maintenance-freesy tem. The 120-microsecond sparkduration keeps peak power at a maxi­mum and electrode heat losses at aminimum. The 8-microsecond rise-time(2* KV/I4S) assures a good firingcapability for a fouled plug.

Once these characteristics were de­termined, 12 prototype CD ignitionsystems ~ere fabricated. Currentlythey are undergoing rigorous tests inthe laboratory and in the field.

Results to date show improvements

3,500-hour requirement, so annulargap spark plugs were chosen. Due totheir massive electrodes annular gapspark plugs are not affected by in­creasing gap size as rapidly as con­ventional plugs.

An additional advantage of usingannular gap spark plugs is the possi­bility of establishing a univer al heatrange for plugs used on all militaryspark ignition engines. Tests alsoshow they can be used with furtheradvanced spark settings than conven­tional spark plugs.

The CD system under developmentis a basic 2-piece assembly consistingof an electronic power Ilack and adistributor assembly: The electronicsare reverse-polarity pl~tected so thatan accidentally reversed batteryconnection will not cause damao-e.

The distributor is currentlyequipped with a vacuum as well as acentrifugal advance mechanism, butthis will not necessal'ily be a require­ment for the production unit. Thepossibility of incorporating the elec­tronic power pack within the distribu­tor is being investigated. To date thishas not proved practical. .

To keep costs down and still have alarge number of test vehicles availa­bll!; the system is being tested on the4-cylinder engine used in the M151jeep. It is designed for use on allexi ting 4-, 6- and 8-cylinder militaryspark ignition engines by altering thedistributor.

To assure optimal system design,the characteristics of the electricalspal'k had to be determined; also, pa­rameters of the standard ignition sys­tem had to be identified'to aSSUl'e thatthe CD system under development issuperior.

To accomplish this, an M151 enginewas mounted on an electric dynamo­meter, thoroughly instrumented andcarefully calibrated. Intake air, coo­lant and lubricant temperatures wereheld constant throuehout the tests toassure valid repeatable data.

Exhaust hydrocarbons, CO and CO.were measured dUl'ing engine opera-

TACOM Initiates R&D on Vehicle Ignition System ImprovementBy Joseph Steyaert

Recognizing a requirement for sub­stantial ground vehicle ignition sys­tem improvement, the U.S. ArmyTank-Automotive Command's Vehicu­lar Components and Materials Labo­ratory is engaged in an R&D programdirected toward a system mainte­nance-free for the life of the vehicleon which it is installed. (Vehicle lifeis defined here as 50,000 miles or3,500 hours of engine operation.)

The current military vehicular igni­tion system is basically the same asthe one used on the family car. Onedifference is that the military systemhas the coil located in the distributorhousing for waterproofness and radiosuppression; also, it does not use avacuum advance mechanism nowstandard with the automotive indus­try.

Cam-actuated breaker points in mil­itary engines are used in conjunctionwith a capacitor to interrupt the pri­mary current of the coil. Secondaryvoltage is distributed to each sparkplug by a rotor and distributor cap.

The system requires regular main­tenance and parts replacement. Sparkplug performance and longevity arerelatively poor. Furthermore, military'vehicles of all types spend character­istically long periods at low-speed op­eration or at idle. This causes seriousspark plug fouling problems which,coupled with normal maintenance, re­sult in very long "down" times forArmy vehicles.'To achieve -'long maintenance-free

life, a breakerless ignition systemmust be used. Such a system shouldeliminate maintenance associated withengine timing, and adjustment andreplacement of breaker points.

An electronic sensor, either opticalor magnetic, is used to replace thepoints in this type of system, thuseliminating timing variations due tothe wear of the rubbing block and thecontacts. This sensor is permanentlyadjusted when the distributor is man­ufactured so that the engine timing,once set, remains fixed for the life ofthe distributor.

A capacitor discharge (CD) systemwas chosen for this program becau~e

its associated fast spark plug voltagerise-time, high available voltage overthe entire speed range, and large en­ergy reserve are very desirable.

These characteristics allow a capa­citive discharge system to fire se­verely fouled or widely gapped sparkplugs, a feature necessary to assurelong spark plug life.

Conventional spark plugs obviouslywould not meet the 50,000-mile or

60 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T EWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

in engine performance and durabilitywith a marginal improvement in fueleconomy. The vacuum advance raisesthe level of exhaust emissions and ap­parently does not offer any significantperformance advantages.

The prototype units can be operatedwith centrifugal advance only, as in

conventional military systems, byblocking the vacuum line. Because ofthis factor and the added cost andcomplexity of the va::uum advance,production units will use only the con­ventional advance mechanism.

A detailed cost analysis was run onthe system as applied to current vehi-

cle densities. It shows that a mainte­nance-free ignition system of thistype would yield a yearly saving inexcess of 1.8 million dollars. If theresults of tests currently being cpn­ducted are favorable, the breakerlessCD ignition system could become aproduction item for military vehicles.

WECOM Appoints Brinkman as Deputy for RD&E

WRAIR Investigates Effects of Microwave Energy The microwaves are then channeledinto any or all of four animal-expo­sure chambers. Rats, rhesus monkeys,hamsters, cats and rabbits will be me­thodically exposed to varying micro­wave intensity levels throughout theexperimental schedule.

The Division of Neuropsychiatry'sinterdisciplinary research team of 20Army scientists includes neurophy­siologists, mathematicians, psychia­trists, neurochemists, electronics engi­neers, computer specialists and exper­imental psychologists.

Four distinct areas of postulatedmicrowave effects will be explored:

• Behavioral effects, such as thelearning, vigilance and performancepatterns of exposed animals.

• Electrophysiological effects (e.g.,EEG, EOG, ECOG, and EKG).

• Neurochemical effects (e.g., inter­actions with important enzyme sys­tems and central transmitters) .

o Electronic and physical measure­ments of the interactions of micro­wave energy with organisms andother biological preparations and re­finement of the techniques of meas­urement and dosimetry.

WRAIR's experimental paradigmwill allow Army researchers to ex­plore conflicting theories of micro­wave effects proposed by Eastern andWestern countries. Mr. Grove said aflurry of microwave studies, con­ducted during the late 1950s andearly 1960s established profound dif­ferences of opinion between Easternand Western scientists treating mi­crowave effects.

Specifically, Western nation re­searchers generally postulated sucheffects to be thermal. Conversely, in­vestigators in Eastern countries havetended to concentrate on transient,nonthermal effects such as neuras­thenia, fatigue and irritability.

A noteworthy divergence exists alsoin the respective safety levels estab­lished by these nations. The Easternlevel is only 1/1,000th of the currentWestern standard of 10 milliwatts persquare centimeter.

Upon completion of this program,WRAIR will be prepared to proposeappropriate protective measures forpersonnel handling microwave instru­ments, including revisions to currentoperating procedures and recom­mended safe-exposure levels.

personnel exposed to microwave en­ergy in their work routines. In thisaction, the Department of Defensegave recognition to WRAIR's estab­lished expertise in radiation biologyand experimental psychology.

In preparation for the requestedstudy, a specialized microwave labora­tory was designed and installed atWRAIR annex at Forest Glen, Md.The research project was startedearly in August and is scheduled tocontinue at least five years.

WRAIR's unique microwave facil­ity will be utilized throughout the ex­periment. It will serve also as a na­tional facility for cooperative re­search with the academic community,the Department of Health, Educationand Welfare, and other U.S. Govern­ment agencies.

In studying microwave energy ef­fects upon human and infra-humanorganisms, WRAIR uses this facilityto generate microwave energy at lowlevels and to amplify it to the desiredintensity.

John A. Brinkman

State Physics, a 3-week course atIspra, Italy.

He has been chairman of the Radia­tion Damage Symposium held inconnection with the Fifth Interna­tional Congress for Electron Micros­copy, Philadelphia, Pa., a member ofthe editorial board of Radiation Ef­fects Journal, has authored more than30 technical publications and has beenawarded two patents.

Behavioral and physiological effectsof microwave energy on human andinfra-human organisms are being in­vestigated by the Department of Mi­crowave Research, Division of Neu­ropsychiatry, Walter Reed Army In­stitute of Research (WRAIR) in anewly initiated research effort.

In this context, "microwave" istaken to include the frequency rangefrom 100 megahertz to 100 gigahertz(wavelength from 3 meters to 3 milli­meters, respectively) .

WRAIR's Chief of the Departmentof Microwave Research, H. MarkGrove, ell.-plained that the interest inthis study originated within the De­partment of Defenoe in 1965. Concerndeveloped at that time because of thelarge number of high-powered radarand communication systems beingused by Armed forces personnel.

WRAIR's Division of Neuropsy­chiatry was subsequently requested todesign and execute a microwave studythat, hopefully, will delineate behav­ioral and phy iological effects upon

Appointment of John A. Brinkmanas deputy db'ector, Research, Develop­ment and Engineering Directorate,HQ U.S. Army Weapons Command,Rock Island (Ill.) Arsenal, was an­nounced Aug. 4.

Graduated with BS and MS degreesin physics and mathematics fromMichigan State University, he haspursued advanced studies in physicsat California Institute of Technology.

Prior to joining the USAWECOM,he was the director of the NorthAmel'ican Rockwell Science 'Center,Thousand Oaks, Calif. There he di­rected the planning and conduct of allresearch, support and administrativeactivities of the corporation's centralresearch laboratory.

In addition to winning variousscholarships and receiving his BS de­gree with honors, he has been electedto several honor societies and is aFellow of the American Physical So­ciety. In 1958 he organized an Inter­national Confel'ence on 'Lattice De­fects in the Noble Metals" and in1960 was a faculty member of theFourth International School of Solid

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZINE 61

AMMRC Studies Impact of Erosion on Materials, MaterielBy Dr. Joseph Prifti

Environmental degradation of ma­terials has been studied in depth-tothe degree that erosion has becomeincreasingly a major design consider­ation for advanced weapon systems­in a recent state-of-the-art survey bythe U.S. Army Materials and Me­chanics Research Center (AMMRC),Watertown, Mass.

Results of the study have provideddirection to and led to expansion ofAMMRC research and developmentactivities to produce materials withimproved erosion resistance. TheAMMRC is a part of the Army Mate­riel Command. Among problem areasfacing engineers and designers are:

• Sand, dust or rain erosion of air­craft, principally helicopter gas tur­bine engine components and rotorblades.

• Hypervelocity particle phenome­non associated with the antiballisticmissile system development.

• Erosion phenomenon relative togun-tube degradation.

U.S. Army helicopters operating inthe Southeast Asia theater are expe­riencing particularly severe sand/dusterosion effects due to the frequencywith which they must land on, takeoff from and hover above unpl'eparedsurfaces.

Dust particles subsequently causeerosion of helicopter rotor blades.Upon ingestion into gas turbine en­gines, the dust causes damage, partic­ularly to compressor blade airfoils.

Cost of premature replacement ofgas turbine engines in Southeast Asiaoperations attributable to this damagehas been estimated as high as $150million annually. Engine life has beencut from a normal range of 1,000 to1,600 hours to only 300 hours (some­tim~s appreciably less when operatingin severe sand/dust environments).

In addition to the sand/dust erosionproblem, degradation of helicopterrotor blades and the high-speed air­craft )-andomes is caused by rain.

Another area of prime concern isthe erosion of materials occurring inhypervelocity flight through dust andrain environments. This is recognizedas a major barrier to the efficient op­eration of ultra-high-speed ballisticvehicles (interceptors, reentry, andboosters).

A dust/rain environment on the ex­isting severe aerodynamic heating andshear conditions can substantiallyreduce the efficiency of a hypersonicveilicJe's thermal protection system.The mechanisms of erosion and pene­tration generate temperature levelshigh enough to destroy the vehicle

DR. JOSEPH J. PRIFTI has beenemployed since 1967 at the U.S. ArmyMaterials and Mechanics ResearchCenter, Watertown, Mass., in heattransfer-fluid investigations, particleerosion phenomena of materials, andin development of personnel armormaterials systems.

Dr. Prifti, 36, received a BS degreein chemical engineering from North­eastern University in 1959. Followingfour years of federal governmentservice, he resumed his academictraining and obtained MS and PhDdegrees in chemical engineering fromNortheastern in 1964 and 1967.

traveling at hypervelocities.An understanding of particle ero­

sion characteristics in the hyperveloc­ity regime is fundamental to designand development of these systems.

Erosion of gun tubes has been in­vestigated in the past, but better un­derstanding of the erosion heat trans­fer mechanisms is needed to guide thedevelopment of improved materials.

The erosion problem is increasinglyacute because of the need for higherrates of fire, higher projectile veloci­ties, higher operating temperaturesand greater accuracy, along withlonger life of gun barrels and liners.

In attacking the Army problemareas described above, and many in­dustrial processes requiring erosioncontrol, considerable effort has beendevoted to investigating the particleerosion phenomena and the develop­ment of materials having improvedsand/dust/rain erosion resistance.

In studies of particle impingement,cavitation and abrasion, progress hasbeen slow in developing useable math­ematical models for the developmentof erosion-resistant materials. Thishas been mainly due to the insuffic:entbasic understanding of the mecha­nh,ms that control the complex ero­sion process.

A limited number of models havebeen developed; those which have pro­vided some insight involve ductile, de­formation or cutting wear, brittlefracture or fatigue mechanisms.These relationships are functions ofthe impacting particles' kinetic en­ergy, and the basic mechanical prop­erties of the eroding material.

Recent advances, taking intoaccount the thermal effects occurringat the impact sight, have shed addi­tional light on the erosion process.This includes the importance of thematerial's thermal properties (specificheat, conductivity, and melting tem­perature) on erosion resistance.

The common point of agreement

among these studies is that the ero­sion process involves a net inter­change 01' transfer of energy and mo­mentum from the impacting particlesto eroding surface. A fraction of theparticle's kinetic energy is convertedinto other energy forms at. the impactsurface.

The probable energy translations(not mutually exclusive) are: (1) 10­cali;"ed heating of impinging particlesand/or impact surface, (2) plastic de­formation or cracking of impact sur­faces, (3) shattering or spinning ofthe impinging particles, and (4) net

.transfer of momentum to surface.In view of the state-of-the-art con­

cerning erosion of material , a directdesign engineering approach involvesacquiring the appropriate experimen­tal data to: (1) rank materials, (2)determine quantitative erosivity coef­ficients and (3) develop relationshipsbased on environmental parameters(impact velocity, particle si;"e, tem­perature, time, etc.).

Test facilities employed to deter­mine the dust/rain erosion character­istics of materials include high veloc­ity gas-particle jet systems, particleaccelerators, whirling arms, wind tun­nels, vibratory methods, ballisticranges and rocket sleds.

To investigate the erosion effectsassociated with aircraft materials,gas-particle jet and whirling-arm testrigs operating in the subsonic and lowsupersonic flow regimes are used.

For hypervelocity erosion charac­teristics relevant to missile perform­ance, particle accelerators, wind tun­nels, ballistic ranges and rocket sledsare employed to develop the appropri­ate data to accomplish a reliable engi­neering design.

Unfortunately, high costs are asso­ciated with the operation of these fa­cilities, ranging from $200-$500/spec­imen for low-velocity erosion (air-

62 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EWS MAGAZINE JULY-AUG. 1971

Brig Gen Fimiani Assigned as SAM-D Project Manager

AGS, Major Commands Review New OPMS ProposalsThe concept allows more specializa­

tion to meet the needs of the Army,by providing increased utilization ofindividual skills, aptitudes, interestsand desires, and by maintaining equi­table promotion opportunities.

If the proposals are accepted thepresent system of designating somemilitary occupational specialties(MOSs) as "branch immaterial"would be abolished. Responsibility forindividual MOSs would be assigned toindividual career branches or branchgroupings and related MOSs would begrouped to establish career fields.

Upon promotion to major, officerswould be tentatively identified forfurther development as commandersor staff officers. Formal command orstaff identification would be accom­plished in conjunction with selectionfor promotion to lieutenant coloneland colonel.

A new "specialist" career branchwould be established to manageofficers pursuing careers in the areasof computer science, information,comptroller, research and developmentand operations research and systemsanalysis.

The Army promotion list would bedivided into competitive groupings ofrelated branches, with equitable pro­motion opportunities afforded to each.

Ongoing efforts to improve theofficer evaluation system are being in­corporated into OPMS. A new per­formance report is due for field tes~

ing in August and September.The OPMS concept now being cir­

culated envisions a long-range, grad­ual implementation to insure a smoothtransition from the present to theproposed concept. Additionally sincethe concept is now in its initial staff­ing and since many of the proposedchanges are highly controversial, sub­stantial changes may be made beforea final concept is ready for approval.

DRRI to Begin First ClassAt Patrick AFB in October

The Defense Race Relations Insti­tute (DRRI), recently established atPatrick Air Force Base, Fla., willbegin instructing the first class ofabout 100 students in October.

Primary purpose of the program isto train Armed Forces personnel asinstructors to help achieve a moreharmonious relationship among allmilitary personnel so that organiza­tional efficiency and combat readinesswill not be impaired by racial unrest,tension or conflict.

Army Col Edward F. Kries, whoholds a doctorate in social welfarefrom the University of Chicago, isdirector of the Institute. Air ForceCol Claude Dixon is deputy director.Brig Gen Joseph C. Fimiani

Proposed changes under a new Of­ficer PerEOnnel Management System(OPMS) have been submitted to theArmy General Staff and major com­mands for review, the Department ofthe Army announced Aug. 3. Objec­tives are:

• Improve the profes ional and per­sonal standards and goals of theofficer corps.

• Develop an officer career manage­ment system that meets present andfuture Army requirements.

• Provide for the professional de­velopment of each officer in an atmos­phere of constructive competitive ad­vancement.

• Create confidence in the careermanagement system by allowing eachofficer more control over his career.

Ideas proposed are the result of astudy begun in Fiscal Year 1970 andare aimed at improving professional­ism and job satisfaction within theArmy by allowing each officer morecontrol over his career.

commanded a Hawk battalion inKorea in 1961-62 and an ArtilleryGroup (Air Defense) in Vietnam in1967-68. His new assignment followstwo years as director, Air Defense Di­rectorate, Office of the AssistantChief of Staff for Force Development,HQDA.

Graduated from Officer CandidateSchool in 1942, he served duringWorld War II in air defense units inNorth Africa, Sicily, France, Belgiumand Holland.

Graduated from Rensselaer Poly­technic Institute with a bachelor's de­gree, he has a master's degree in gov­ernment administration from GeorgeWashington University and hasworked for a doctorate in public ad­ministration at American University.His military education includes theOfficers Guided Missile Course, theCommand and General Staff Collegeand the Army War College.

craft) to ;2,OOD-$7,OOO/specimen forthe hypervelocity erosion effects. Theamount of testing is modest becauseof budgetary considerations.

A consensus among erosion investi­gators is that considerable advancescan be achieved in both understandingthe erosion mechanism and in the sub­sequent development of erosion-resis~

ant materials by better coordinationof experimental and theoretical inves­tigations.

AMMRC's intent is to employ amaterials science approach to investi­gate concurrently the erosion phenom­ena and guide the development of ma­terials having improved erosion re­sistance.

AMMRC's extensive backgrounddealing with metal, ceramic, poly­meric and composite materials, andtechnical capability in the areas ofmetallurgy, metallography, electronmicroscopy, etc. will permit investiga­tion of a wide variety of base/coatingsystems to fulfill the various Armyneeds for erosion-resistant materials.

HISA Established at PicatinnyHQ u.s. Army Munitions Command

(MUCOM) at Pieutinny Arsenal, Dover, N.J.,and tenant activities are being served by arecently established Headquat',ers and .Lnstalla­tion Support Activity (HISA).

1.1s.jor elements of the new activity are 18­cilities engineering. internal security, adminiJI­trative services. morale and welfare, communi­cations electronics, equipment manslrement.post transportatio and station supply andsteck control.

The or,Janization is made up of Picatinny'sInstallation Support Office, Security Office, andStall' bervices Ollicc elements.

The reorganization is part of the ArmyMateriel Command'. standsrd Commodity Com­mqnd and Commo'lity Center concept. SimilarHrSA operations ha"e been or are being estab­lished at each of AMC's major subordinatecommands.

The Picatinn)' Arsenal commander also headsthe mSA.

SAM-D (Surface-to-Air Missile­Development) System advanced devel­opment activitie are now the respon­sibility of Brig Gen Joseph C. Fimi­ani. He has succeeded Col James C.Miller Jr. as project manager at HQArmy Missile Command, Redstone(Ala.) Arsenal.

MICOM Commanding General (MajGen) Edwin 1. Donley announced thatCol Miller is reassigned as chief ofstaff to succeed recently retired ColEugene J. McGinnis. Col Miller wasSAM-D P.O. for 42 months.

The SAM-D project office staff ofapproximately 100 government civil­ian employes and military personnelis based at Redstone Arsenal. BrigGen Fimiani reports directly to Gen­eral Henry A. Miley, CG of the U.S.Army Materiel Command.

Formerly an enlisted man, GeneralFimiani, 50, ha specialized in air de­fense artillery since he started missilework with the Nike Ajax in 1952. He

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS IAGAZINE 63

TACOM Seeks Improvements in Army Transportation System

Propo.edTRICON Container (ISO Standard 8 ft. " 8 ft. x 6-2/3 ft )ISO Standard 8 ft. x 8 ft. x 10 ft.

Containers: CONEX (Two Types)ISO Standard 8 ft. x 8 ft. x 20 ft.Various Specially Configured Air Caqro Containers

Fig. 2. System of 8 Points in Space

the design criteria used in road andbridge construction.

The study is not yet complete butindications are that a 70,000-75,000pound gross weight will be practicalfor a 5-axle unit. This would permitpayloads to be increased about 20 per­cent. It should be noted that this doesnot indicate an error in the previousload rating; it is a result of the gen­eral upgrading of the worla's roadnetworks.

Unitized Loads. The next areabeing addressed is the impact of uni­tized load on the total transportationsystem. Technically, a unitized load isany packaging of smaller packagesinto a larger unit to facilitate han­dling. Thus, a 6-pack of beer is proba­bly the most common unitized load.However, in considering the impacton military trucks, only the largerunits are of significant interest.

Several different type containersand pallet are presently in the mili­tary system and many more havebeen propo ed (Fig. 1). The basic lim­itation of most systems is that theyare designed for only one or twomodes of tran~port.

For example, 40- by 48-inch palletsare essentially too small to be consid­ered unit loads for either air or seatransport because present goals forturn-around time cannot be met withthese small packages.

The CONEX box was designed forthe World War II Liberty ships but isusable on trucks. The Air Force 463Lpallet system is optimized for aircraftand must be loaded, unloaded andtransported at an airhead. Semi­trailer vans are suitable only forroll-on/roll-off ships, piggy-back railmovement in the United States, andgeneral road movement.

The new container standards areoffering a solution to these problems.The American Standard Associationissued the MH5.1 initial standard in1965. The American Standard As~o­

ciation is now known as the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI).

Concurrent with the U.S. national

The TACOM Mass Transport Vehi­cle Program is based on two predic­tions. First, the Army's pre ent line­haul vehicles will not u e the full po­tential of future unitized loads.Second, a more cost-effective line-haultransport system is feasible andpractical.

The Army's basic line-haul capabil­ity for resupply is in the form ofmedium truck companies. Each com­pany has, as its mission vehicles, 60tractor/semitrailer combinations. Thebasic type company has 5-ton M52tractors and 12-ton M127 stake andplatform semitrailers. In addition,there are separate companiesequipped with 5,OOO-gallon fuel tanksemitrailers and 7 1h-ton refrigeratedvan semitrailers.

The current TACOM program forinvestigating the potential increase incapability and effectiveness consists offive separate study areas.

Load Rating. The first obvious areais the load rating of the individualtruck. The present rating came intobeing rather arbitrarily during WorldWar II a the maximum capacitywhich could be readily produced inlarge quantities.

The vehicle drivers represent ap­proximately two-thirds of the totalC03t; thus any increase in capacitywill result in a significant cost sav­ings for those operations where thefull capacity can be utilized.

Since the transport vehicle operatesprimarily on available road networks,a study was initiated to determine thecapacities of roads throughout theworld. This study involves identifica­tion of both legal and physical limita­tions for the roads.

The necessity for the Army to rec­ognize the legal limits is Eometimesquestioned. However, as long as weclass ourselves as "the guys with thewhite hats," we must recognize therights of the local governments, espe­cially during peace-keeping or limit­ed-war type operations.

Further, the legal limitations arefrequently the only indication availa­ble and they generally correlate with

1.... U.eNATO (40 in. x 48 in. and 32 in. x 40 in.)Air Force 463L (88 in. x 108 in.)

Fig. 1. filitary Unitized Load Configuration

Pallets:

By Roger GayToday's Army is dependent on a

complex transportation system for in­itial deployment of the men and mate­rial necessary to military operations,and for supply of the vast quantitiesof goods consumed.

The U.S. Army Tank-AutomotiveCommand (TACOM), Warren, Mich.,is playing a major role in efforts toimprove Army line-haul capability.

In most military operations con­ducted to date, preparation and de­ployment time for Army forces hasinvolved several months; however,recent planning has indicated the ne­cessity for speeding up this process.

To provide military commanderswith the flexibility necessary forlarge-scale maneuver tactics, thetransportation system must now becapable of moving large quantities ofgoods to any point on the globe withinhours. These movements must bemade without prior knowledge of theexact time or destination.

In addition to this requirement forincreased speed and flexibility, the re­sources with which to accomplish thejob are increasingly restricted. Mili­tary costs are being reviewed at everylevel with the basic objective of pro­viding required increases in capabilitythrough greater effectiveness ratherthan additional cost. Besides the dol­lar costs, the public clamor for an endto the draft is placing great empha ison the reduction in manpower re­quirements. The combination of thesefactors reflects in the classic motto­"Do more with less."

The basic line-haul mission involvesall bulk movement of goods notaccomplished by the using units withtheir own vehicles-such as artilleryunits which return to supply points toobtain their own ammunition resup­ply, as opposed to having it deliveredby a transport truck.

The primary difference between theArmy line-haul mission and a publiccommon carrier is the lack of predict­ability in either the destination or thequantity and type of goods.

64 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOP lENT NEWS MAGAZI E JULY-AUG. 1971

Fig. 4. End·loading Test Unit

standardization, efforts to establishworldwide standards were conductedby the International Organization forStandardization (ISO). The basic ISOrecommendation was pnbl i sbed in1968 with the approval of 20 membercountries.

These two standards provide essen­tially identical standard containersfor land, rail an sea usage.

Air transport is not included. TheSociety of Automotive Engineers(SAE) attempted in 1968 to eliminatethis deficiency by publication of Aero­space Standard 832. This provides forair-transport containers dimensionallyinterchangeable with those of theother two stan ards. The degree towhich they are suitable for land, railand ~ea tran port is dependent onoptions exercised within standard.

In all three standards, the heightand width are both 8 feet, and thelength is varied. Lengths of 10, 20, 30and 40 feet are specified in eachstandard. Other size options (5- and6% foot) are available only in theISO and ANSI standards. Of all thesizes, the 20-, 30- and 40-foot lengthshave proved most popular.

While the standards refer only tovan-type containers, the basic princi­ple permits an enlargement of theconcept from the basic cargo-carryingrole. Commercial industry has devel­oped containers for all types of cargo.Open gondolas, refrigerated vans,tankers, livestock and auto transportcontainers have already seen service.

Refrigerated and liquid containerconfigurations are of special militaryi,nterest. However, the real potentialis realized when the standards arevisualized as a system of eight pointsin space (Fig. 2) which provide for a

universal interface with all forms oftransport and materials-handlingequipment.

Each of the eight corner fittingsprovides for engagement on any ofthe three exposed faces for handling,supporting or restraining the con­tainer module. All types of militaryequipment could be manufactured tothe interface standards. This wouldpermit maximum speed and flexibilityin deployment, using both civilian andmilitary modes of transportation.

In this area, proposals have beenmade to mount field kitchens, radarunits, maintenance shops, missile-fir­ing units, field hospitals and even acomplete shower and latrine in stand­ard container-size units.

Self-Loading. The Army is opera­ting a fleet of containers and specialtrailer chassis in a pilot operation be­tween the West Coast and SoutheastAsia. The container remains on asemitrailer chassis except when onboard a ship.

This approach requires a relativelylarger number of specialized semi­trailer chassis. For this reason,TACOM is involved in a third impor­tant area of study: that of evaluatingpotential approaches to provide self­loading and unloading capabilities forthe trucks.

This concept would eliminate thenecessity of having a large fleet ofsemitrailer chassis and could provideself-unloading capabilities for othertypes of cargo as well.

Two basic approaches to self-load­ing are being evaluated. Side-loadingis represented in a commercial semi­trailer built by a German manufac­turer (Fig. 3). The second is an end­loading appr,oach and a test unit hasbeen fabricated under TACOM'sdirection (Fig. 4).

One of the prime considerations indesign of this unit was that it shouldbe capable of all missions currentlyperformed by the existing semitrailer.This includes all interfaces with ex­isting or proposed material-handlingequipment (MHE).

Each concept design is capable ofloading not only the ISO container,but also all other types of loadswithin the size and weight limits ofthe truck.

The self-loading and unloadingconcept should not be confused withthe material-handling equipmentfunction. What TACOM is proposing

(Continued on page 66)

JULY-AUG. 1971 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T NEWS MAGAZI E 65

TACOM Seeks Improvements in Army Transportation System

Templeman Directs Procurement, Production

area is the combined impact of largeunit loads and self-loading trucks.Caution must be exercised in thisarea. Many revolutionary systems canbe visualized, but the line-haul vehiclefor the near future will have to inter­face with all of the present transpor­tation and material-handling equip­ment.

Any transition to a new system willrequire more than a decade. Duringthis transition tJ,e truck will have tointerface with all new and old trans­portation materials-handling systems,

one patent in the al'ea. of vehicleflo alation techniques, Seve1'al of histechnical papers on heavy-equipmentt1'ansporters a.nd statistical techniq~Les

fOT measu1'ing cross-country vehiclespeed have been published.

Roger R. Gay graduated from theIllinois 11l8titute of Technology witha bachel07"s degree in mechanical en­gineering and is studying businessad'ministration at Michigan State Uni­venity. He is a registered profes­sional engil~eer in the State of Michi­gan.

With the F01'd Motor Co, ScientificLaboratory he worked on developmentof free-piston ngines, While in thA rmy he was assigned to test missilecont1'ol systems. With the U.S. ArmyTank-Automotive Command since1958, he has served as technical direc­tor of SlJstcm fOT7I~ulation studies, andhas played a major rolc in advanceddevelopm>6nt engineering efforts intransport vehiclcs.

Currently acting as chief of a taskforce developing a tracked carrier fOl'the SAM-D missile system, he holds

highest mobility is required.Data obtained from this testing will

establish the performance capabilitiesof such a system. The next step willbe to determine the desirability ofsuch an improvement as comparedwith cost.

The five study areas-payload in­crease, unit loads, self-loading, powerrequirements, and mobility-are to alarge extent independent. They mayresult in independent or coordinatedchanges in the line-haul vehicle fleet.

Probably the most significant study

Col (Brig Gen designate) James M. Templeman is the new director ofProcurement and Production, HQ Army Electronics Command, Fort Mon­mouth, .J.

Col Templeman, who recently command~:1 the 7th Signal Brigade in Mann­heim Germany, was at HQ ECOM a pl'oject manager of the Army AreaCommunications Systems (AACOMS) project from 1966 to 1967. This is hissixth tour at Fort Monmouth, where he wa commissioned from OCS in 1943.

He has served a signments at Pirmassens, Germany, at the STARCOM relaystation, and with the G-1, United tates Army in Europe at Heidelberg. As

commander of the 560th Signal Battalion atVicenza, Italy, in 1961-62, he worked withItalian Army officials in the laying of a radiorelay system through the Dolemite Alps.

In 1963 he was assigned to the J-6 Directo­rate, Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff inWashington, D.C., later went to HQ ECOM asAACOMS project manager, and in 1967-68wa advi er to the Vietnamese J-6, Joint Gen­eral Staff, and the Vietnamese Chief SignalOfficer.

Col Templeman has a BS in electrical engi­neering, a BA degree in mathematics and mas­ter's in physics, all from the University ofWashington. He has graduated from Commandand General Staff College, Armed Forces Staff

Col Jame M. Templeman College, and National War College.

(Continued from page 65)is to free the truck from dependencyon the MHE for turn-around time.The form of unloading envisioned willstill require MHE to sort, stack andstore the container and its contents.

The avings will be based on truckturn-around time. Any reduction inMHE requirements would be a sec­ondary benefit. The dependency onMHE is becoming increasingly criti­cal as the size of the unit loads isincreased. The number of MHE unitsis decreased when a large unit re­places several smaller ones, and thepotential field expedients are reducedas the load increa es,

The success of studies in the areasof unit loads and self-loading wouldpermit the fielding of a vehicle inwhich turn-around time is no longerdependent on MHE or prepositionedsemitrailers.

Pilot cost studies have indicatedthis one basic change could make pos­sible a savings in operating co ts lorthe Army of about $5 million an­nually through increased utilizationof fewer trucks.

Powel' Level. While the first threeareas are being investigated primar­ily to take advantage of new technol­ogy, another area is becoming criticalfrom a legal standpoint. The powerlevel of the Army's current line-haultrucks is below some of the presentlyrecommended minimums.

In 1972, a new German law takeeffect, requiring eighty horsepowerper ton for all on-road vehicles. Com­pliance with this law will necessitatea significant power level increase ofU.S. Army trucks.

While the German law is presentlyan isolated case, similar requirementsare being imposed by other govern­ments, domestic and foreign, to reduceconge tion caused by slow-moving ve­hicles.

Mobility. The last TACOM trans­portation system study area is the po­tential improvement in mobility. Paststudies of high-mobility vehicles haveconsidered trailers as a hinderance tomobility. However, when the trailerwheels are powered, a tractor/semi­trailer combination becomes an artic­ulated, all-wheel-drive vehicle.

Early studies in this area consid­ered relatively complex systems forproviding this power. TACOM is nowevaluating a simple hydrostatic drivesystem that delivers trailer axlepower from the tractor engine. Thissystem operates only in the lowestgear range, since this is where the

66 ARMY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPME T EW MAGAZI E JULY·AUG. 1971

ODD Announces Two Appointments as DASD (ISA)taff, Office of the A' i tant ecre­

tary of Defense I A).General Scigniou' graduated from

The Citadel, Charle ton, . ., and theatlonal War College. Hi military

honors include the Distingui h dService Medal, ilver Star, and Le­gion of Merit with three Oa LeafCluster '.

Credentials of Eagleburger for hinew duties include as 'l/1;nment a

pecial a sistant, ational. ecuritCouncil Staff, the State Department'Forej~ Service In tltute, and (19G9to present) COUll clor for politic I af­fairs, U.S. Mis.lon to the 'orth t­lantic Treaty Organization in Bel·gium.

Hi cal'eer ha inclld d . cr, ic asan economic officer at Belgrade, Yu 0­

slavia, and with the tate Depart­ment' Bur au of Intelligence and R -eal'ch, Wa 'hington, D.C. lIe joined

the Foreign Service in 1957 afterteaching political cienc in 1956-67at the University of Wi con in, fromwhich he has BS and 1 degre .

ecurity a 'i tance matters; also, tocorrelate :security a si:stance planningwith U.S. military force planning andsecurity objecti 'e .

The JOint Chie s will participate informulation of Security A sistancePrograms and will conduct e,"alua­tions of the effectiveness of such pro­grams in relation to the . ecuritr in­tel'e. ts of the United tatc. TheASD (J A) will formulate compre­hen ive DoD security assistance pro­grams and provide the D dlrec 01'policy direction and staff' sup rvision.

Commanders of unified commandwill retain military command over the1:ilitary Assistanc Ad i ry Group.

which are authorIzed to deal directlwith the DSAA on approved programadmini tratioll and implementation.

of Defen e (ISA), th council includesrepresentatives of the Joint Chiefs of

taff, the Director of Defen. e R­search and Engineering, the As istantSecre ary of Defen e (Installationsand Logistics), the Assi tant Secre­tary of Defen e (Sy ·tem Analy. is),and th Director of the Advanced Re-earch Project Agenc:.

Pres nt roles of the Joint Chief ofStaff, the A. D (ISA) and the com­manders of unified commands will re­main e sentially unchanged.

In accordance with statutory re­sponsibility, the Joint Chiefs will con­tinue to provide directly to the Secre­tary of Defen,e military advice on

Deputy Assistant ecretary of De­fense duties were as. umed Aug. 3 byLt Gen George M, eigniou 11, U.S.Army, and Lawrence S. Eagleburger.

General Seignious heads 1ilitaryAssi tance and ales, Office of lnter­national Security Affairs, filling avacancy left by the July 1 retIrementof Lt Gen Robert H. Warren, U.S.Air Force. Eagleburger became headof ISA Policy, Plans and National Se­curity ouncil Affairs, succeedingRobert J. Pranger, now enrolled inthe American Enterprise Institute forPublic Policy Research.

As igned until recently as U.S.Commander and Deputy Chief, U.S.,)iission. Berlin, Germany, General

eignious earlier commanded the 3dInfantry Divi'ion, U.S. Arm: Europe,and the Seventh Army.

High points in his dis inguishedcareer IDclude assignment a' deputydirector, Plans and Policy Directorate(J-5), The .Joint Staff' Office of theJoint Chiefs of Staff, Wa hington,D.C., and director, Policy Planning

000 Establishes Security Assistance Agency, CouncilRespon ibilit. for increased empha­

,I. on manag ment and control of theDepartment of Defen_e portion ofPre~ldent fixon' new International'ecurity A si'tance Program isve ted in two new agencies.

Se retary of Deien e Melvin R.Laird announced that the function ofhe Defen e Security A i tance

Ag ncy (D AA) is to administer allapproved DoD Security AssistanceProgram.. The new De ~nse Secu rityAs, istance Council is charged withadvisJn~ him and coordinating suchactivities within the DoD.

The D AA director has re pon ibil­itie. as a eput· under the As istant'ecr tary of Defeme (Internationalecurity Affair ). This will permit

him to participate in policy formula­tion and recommendations, to controladmini tration of approved program..,and erve a .'e retary to the Defenseecurit~· A 1 ·tance ouncil.Chaired by the Assistant Secretary

Woman Heads New ProgramsOf EPA for Noise Control

Army R&D 1D tallations concernedwith problem' of noise control andabatement, as part of the over-all mil­Itary antipollution program, can now\\ork with a national! kno VIl I ader

'10 h Joined the -t~ff of the EnVl­ronmental Protection Agency.

EPA Admini ·tralor William D.Ruckel-haus announced July 24 theappointment of Elizabeth Cuadra asone of two deputie to Alvin F. MeyerJr., who head the newly e tablishedEP Office of NoLe Abatement andControl (0 AC). he will be respon­'ible or the development of new pro­grams.

EPA's nOIse control activities were. 'tabli 'hed by the 1970 amendmentto the Clean Air Act and the officew s organized in April 1971. Theo 'A authorized to conduct abro d re earch program in nil a_peetsof noi~e pollution, evaluate noi e as­pect of the Environmental Impact. tatement , and hold public hearingand demonstrations.

11". Cuadra ha been a senior re­search and con ulting specialLt inacoustics at Wyle Laboratorie.., EI

egundo Calif. Her areas of specialtyinvolved air>raft, tran portation andcommunity noise problems and archi­tectural and legal conh'ol of noise.

In the merican ln~titute of Aero­nautics and A tronautic and theAcou. tical Society of America he haserved as chairman of the Lo Ange­

les Regional Chapter 1970-71. Mr.Cuadr i al 0 n member of a numb ;of con ervation groups.

J L -A G. 1971 AlUIl' HE 'EARCH Al D DE ELOP,IE, T EW .lAG ZI E 117

Tri-Serrices Honor IT chievements in ilitary Electronics R&D

. IE EARC I Al'D DE ELOP E. T -E ~ JU L -A G. 19i1