Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... -...
-
Upload
duongkhuong -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
3
Transcript of Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... -...
![Page 1: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Extrastriate Cortex andHigher Cortical Deficits
Adler’s Physiology of the Eye 11th Ed.Chapter 31 - by Boyd & Matsubara
http://www.mcgill.ca/mvr/resident/
![Page 2: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1
Monkey Brain
![Page 3: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Discrete cortical areas
• Hierarchical Organization-lower tier, higher tier
• Parallel Streams- what vs. where- intra-area (blobs vs interblobs)- retinotopy
Extrastriate Cortex
• Feedforward and Feedback connections
![Page 4: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Cyto-, myeloarchitecture
• Connectivity
• Retinotopy
• Specialized Function
• Topography
-smoothly varying?-orthogonal axes?
-represent a point in space only once?-complete or partial map of visual space
Criteria For a Visual Area
New Way to Gain a Clear View of the BrainNew York Times October 10, 2011
Extrastriate Cortex
![Page 5: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Monkey Visual Cortex
![Page 6: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Retinotopy
V1
V2V3
Multiple “areas” V1, V2, V3
Doctrine of the Receptive Field
![Page 7: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
18
16
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
7 6 5 4 3 2 18
Receptive Fields at V1/V2 Border
V1 V2
![Page 8: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
V2
![Page 9: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Functional Division of Labor?
(color)
(motion)
![Page 10: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
“What” versus “Where” Pathways
Original concept came from lesion studies in monkeys (Mishkin & Ungerleider, 1982)
![Page 11: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
“What” versus “Where” Pathways
Cross talk remains, and feedback is prevalent
![Page 12: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Extrastriate Visual Areas
• MT - MST
• V3d and V3A
• LIP - 7a
• V4• IT
thin- hcol - V4inter-h ori -V4thick - hori hdis - MT
magno input, V1 4B, thick, hdir, hdis, motion, depth
also magno-like
Optic flow input, large RF, multimodal, project to frontal
Central field input V1, V2, hcol hori, form primitives
input V2, V4, object features, face cells, project to multimodalVery large RF, object invariance, color constancy, training effects
![Page 13: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
MT
* Strongly associated with motion perception
Lesion and microstimulation studies in monkeys (Newsome and Pare, 1988; Salzman, Britten, Newsome, 1990)
![Page 14: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
“Subway Map From Hell”
Wiring Diagram of Visual Areas
Van Essen et al., 1991
![Page 15: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Human Visual Cortex
MonkeyVisual Cortex
Adlers, 2011
![Page 16: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Human Lesion-Behavioral Correlations
![Page 17: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Localization of Function in Humans
Sources of information
• Focal lesions • Histological Analysis• Hemispherectomy• Commissurotomy• Unilateral sodium amytal injection• Brain stimulation• Spontaneous and evoked electrical potentials• Functional brain imaging
![Page 18: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Mapping Visual V1 via Lesion-Scotoma Correlations(Horton & Hoyt, 1991)
• Mapping Visual V1 with Clinical Stimulation(Dobelle et al, 1979)
• Mapping Visual Areas Via Callosal Projections(Clark & Miklossy, 1990)
Retinotopic Areas
Human V1, V2, V3, V3A, V6, VP, V4, V8
“state-of the-art” update of Gordon Holmes’Maps (1918)
![Page 19: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Akinetopsia
Syndromes From Isolated Case Studies
Zihl et al., 1983
Human MT
![Page 20: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Achromotopsia
Syndromes From Isolated Case Studies
Human V4/V8
color co
color constancy
![Page 21: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Visual Agnosia
Aperceptive Agnosia - thought to be due to a disability in the construction of a stable representation of visual form, which impairs all high order recognition.
Associative Agnosia - thought to reflect a deficit in accessing semantic (associative) knowledge about an object following the derivation of an intact perceptual representation of visual form. “Perception somehow striped of its meaning” (Teuber)
Example: The man who mistook his wife for a hat (Oliver Sacks, 1985)
![Page 22: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Prosopagnosia
Syndromes From Isolated Case Studies
![Page 23: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Prosopagnosia
Syndromes From Isolated Case Studies
BentonFacialRecognitionTest
![Page 24: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Neurons Selective For Faces in Monkey IT
![Page 25: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Human Face Areas
• fMRI studies with humans show increased activity in the fusiform face area (FFA).
anterior
inflated braininferior view
Inverted faces are hard to recognize.
We are all face “experts”
![Page 26: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Spatial Neglect
![Page 27: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Artist’s rendition of spatial neglect
German artist Anton Raderscheidt showed graduated recovery over eight-month period.
![Page 28: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Drawings of Patients with Spatial Neglect
![Page 29: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Example Lesions that Produce Neglect
![Page 30: Extrastriate Cortex and Higher Cortical ... - mvr.mcgill.camvr.mcgill.ca/Residents/Fall_17_Lectures/ExtrastriateHigher... · Multiple Visual Areas Beyond V1 Monkey Brain ... also](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022030503/5aaf95807f8b9a5d0a8d9dd5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Modern Analysis of Lesion Overlap
Right Hemisphere