Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
-
Upload
christian-aldair-flores-medina -
Category
Documents
-
view
231 -
download
0
Transcript of Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
1/10
We use for and since to say how long something has been happening.
We use for + a period of time (two hours, six
weeks
etc.):
We
use
since+ the start of a period
(8 o clock, Monday,
1999
et c.) :
0 Ive be en wa iting for
two
hours.
0
Ive been wait ing since 8 o clock.
for two
hours since 8 o clock
t w o h o u ~ a g o ~ ~ n o w
8 o l o k ~ ~ now
for
two hours
20 minutes
a long
time
six months
a week ages
five days
50 years
years
8 o clock
April
lunchtime
since
Monday
2001
we arrived
12 Ma y
Christmas
I got up
0 Sally has been working here for six
months . not sin
ce si
x
month
s)
0
I haven t seen Tom
for
three
days.
0 Sally
has
been working here since April.
(=fr
om
April until now)
C
I
haven t seen Tom
since Monday.
lt
is
possible to leave out for (but not usually in negative sentences):
0 They ve been married (for) ten years. (with or without
for
)
0 They haven t had a holiday for ten years. (you must use for)
We do not
use for+ all ... (all
day I
all my life
etc.):
0 I ve lived here all my life. not
for
all my life)
You can use
in
instead
of
for
in
ne
gat
ive sentences
I haven t
... etc.):
G They haven t had a holiday in ten years.
(=for
ten years)
Compare
when
...
?
+past simple)
and
how
long ...
?
+present perfect):
A:
When
did it start raining?
s: lt started ra ini ng
an hour
ago I
at
1 o clock.
A: How Long has it been rain i
ng?
s:
lt s been raining for
an
hour I since 1 o clock.
A:
When
d id j
oe
and Carol first meet?
Th
f
. {
a
Long time
ago.
s:
ey lrst
met when
they
were at
school.
A: How long have th ey known each other?
{
for a Long time .
s:
They ve known each other .
h h L
smce t ey
were at
se
oo
.
since someth ing happen
ed
We say:
lt s (= lt is)
r lt s been
(=
lt has been)
a long time
six months e tc. )
0 lt s
two years
since I last
sa
w joe.
r
lt s been two years since
..
.
(= I haven t
see
n j oe for two years)
0 lt s
ages
since we went to the cinema. r lt s
been ages
since .. .
(= We haven t been to the cinema for ages)
0 How Long is
it
since Mrs Hill died?
r
How Long has it been since .. . ?
(= When did Mrs Hill die?)
C
ow long
have you (been) ... ? t Unit 11
____
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
2/10
Exercises
Write for or
since.
1
lt
' b . . smce l ht
een
ra1n1ng
....................... unc 1me.
2 Sarah has lived in Paris .................. ......
1995
.
3 Paul has lived in Brazil ..
.... ....... ten
years.
4 I' .
d
f . . w
b . . h h
t1re o wa 1t1ng.
eve
een s1tt1ng ere .... ..... ... ... an our.
5 Kevin has been looking
for
a job ...... .............
...............
he left school.
6
I
haven't
been
to
a
party
...
.........
...
.
.....
. ages.
7
I wonder where joe is. I haven't seen him last week.
8 jane is away. She's been away .................. Friday.
9 The wea
ther
is dry. lt hasn't rained .. ........ ....
...
.. .. a
few
weeks.
Write questions
with
how Long and
when
.
1 it's raining.
(how long?) How
lQ_
lg
h
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
3/10
Study this example situation:
Ten
minutes
later:
Tom
is
looking for
his key. He
can't find it.
He has Lost his key. present perfect)
This means that
he
doesn't have his
key now.
No
w Tom has
found
his
key. He has
it now.
Has he
lost
his key? No, he has found it.
Did
he Lose his key? Yes
,
he
did .
He lost his
key
past simple)
but now
he
has
found
it.
present perfect)
The present perfect (something has happened)
is
a present tense. lt always tells
us
about the
situation
now.
'Tom has
lost his key'= he
doesn't have
hi
s key
now (see
Unit
7).
The past simple (something happened) tells us only about the
past.
If somebody
says
'Tom
lost
his
key', this doesn't tell
us
whether
he ha
s the
key
now
or
not. lt tells
us
only
that he
lost his
key at
some
time in the past.
Do not use the present perfect if the situation now
is
different. Compare:
0
They've
gone
away. They'll
be
back on Friday. (they
are
away now)
They
went
away, but I think they're back
at
home now.
not
They've gone)
lt
has
stopped
raining now,
so
we don't
need
the
umbrella.
(it
is
n
' t ra
ining
now)
lt stopped raining for a while,
but
now it's raining again. not lt has stopped)
You can use
the present perfect
for
new or recent happenings:
'I've repaired the washing machine. lt's
wo
rking OK now.' 'Oh, that's good.'
0
'Sally has had a baby lt's a boy
.
'That's great news.'
Usually, you
can
also
use
the past simple:
0
I repaired the washing machine. lt's working OK now.
Us
e the past simple
not
the present perfect) for things
that are
not recent
or
new:
0 Mozart was a composer. He wrote more t h
an
600 pieces of music.
not
has
b
een
...
ha
s written)
0
My
mother
grew up in Italy. not
has
grow
n)
Compare:
0
Did you know
that
so
mebody has invented a new type
of
washing machine?
Who invented the telephone? not ha s invented)
We
use
the present perfect
to
give new information
(see
Unit
7)
. But
if
we continue
to
talk about it,
we normally use th
e past simple:
A : Ow
I've burnt
myself
.
s:
How did
you
do
that?
not
have you done)
A:
I
picked
up a
hot
dish.
not
have picked)
0 A:
Look Somebody has
spilt something
on
the
sofa.
s: Well, it
wasn't
me . I
didn't
do it. n
t
hasn't been ... haven't done)
Pas
t Unit 5 Present p e r f e t Units 7- 8
Present perfect and past 2 ~
Unit
14
Am erica n English ~ 7
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
4/10
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
5/10
Do not use the present perfect I have done) when you talk about a
finishe
time (for example,
yesterday
ten minutes ago in
2005
when I was a child). Use a past tense:
0 lt was very cold
yesterday
.
(not
has been)
0
Paul and
Lucy
arrived ten
minutes
ag o .
(not
have arrived)
0
Did
you eat
a
lot of
sweets
when you were
a
child
?
(not
have
you
eaten)
0
Igot home late last night. Iwas very tired and went straight
to
bed.
Use the past
to
ask
When
. .. ? or What
time
... ?:
0 When did your friends
arrive
?
(not
have .
..
arrived)
0 What time did
you finish work?
Compare
:
Present perfect
__] Tom
has
Lost
hi
s key. He can t get
into the house.
0 Is
Carla here
or has she
Left?
Compare:
Present perfect
(have done)
0 I ve
done
a lot of work today.
We use the present perfect for a period of time
that continues until now. For example:
today this week since 2007.
I
1
unfinished
1
I
to1ay
I
past
now
0
lt
hasn t rained
this
week.
0 Have you seen Anna this morning?
(it is sti ll mor ning)
0 Have yo u seen Tim recently?
0 Idont know where Lisa i
s.
I haven t
seen her. (= I h
aven t
seen her
recently)
0
We ve
been
waiting for an
hour
.
(we a re sti
ll
wa iting now)
0 Jack lives in Los Angeles. He
has
Lived
there for seven years.
0 I have never played
go
lf. (in my life)
C)
lt s the last
day
of
your holiday.
You say:
lt s
been
a really good
ho li
day.
I ve really enjoyed it.
Past simple _ Unit 5
Presen
t perfect _ Units 7 8
Past simple
= om Lost his key yesterday .
He coul
dn
t get into th e house.
0
When
did Ca
rt
a Leave?
Past simple
(did )
I did a lo t of work
yesterday
.
We use the past simple for a
finished
t im e in
the past. For example:
yesterday last
week
from 2007 to 2010
.
past
1
unfinished
1
I
yesterday
I
now
8 lt
didn t
rain
last week
.
8 Did you see Anna this morning?
(it is now afternoon
or
evening)
8 Did yo u see Tim on Sunday?
0 A:
Was
Li
sa
at
the
party on Sunday?
B
Idon t think so. Ididn t see her.
:=
We
waited
or
were
waiting) for an
hour. (we are no longer waiting)
0 Jack
Lived
in New
York
for ten year
s.
Now he lives in Los Angeles.
8 Ididn t play golf Last summer.
C After you come back from holidayyou
say: lt
was
a really
good
holiday.
I really enjoyed it.
Present perfect and pas t 1 _ Unit 13
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
6/10
xercises
Are the underlined parts
of
these
sentences
right or wrong? Correct them where necessary
1 I ve lost my key. I can,t find it anywhere.
0-'S........ ...... .. ............
...
...............
......
.... .....................
2 Ha
ve
you eaten a lot of sweets when you were a child?
3 Ive bought a new car.
You
must come and see it.
4 Ive bought a new ca r last week.
5 Where have you been yesterday evening?
6
Luc
y
has
left
school in 1999.
7 I m looking for Mike. Have you seen him?
8 Have you been to
Paris?,
Yes, many times.
9 l,m very hungry. I haven ,t eaten much today.
10 When has this book been published?
.
.Di4 . ... - - .. ...
Make
sentences
from
the
words
in
brackets. Use
the
present
perfect
or
past
simple.
1 (it
not
rain this week) .
t .
n . \ ..
r ~
~ ..
.... . ....... .. . .. .
2 (the weather be cold recently) The weather . .... .....
. .. .. . . .
.......... .. .
3
(it
cold last week) lt .... . .. .. ......... .. ... . .... . .... .... ................. .. ......
4 (I
not
read a newspaper yesterday) I . . ..
.. ..
................ .. . .
..
5
(I
not
read a newspaper today) . . . ..
...
. . . . . .
..
. .
6 (Emily
ea
rn a lot
of
money this year) ... .........
....
.. . . .............
...... ... .
....
. .
7 (she not earn
so
much last year) .... ........ . .....
. ........... ... .......... .. ...
............ ...... . .....
8 (you have a holiday recently?) .... ..... .....
.
. . . ........................... ..
Put
the
verb into
the
correct form,
present perfect or past
simple.
1
Whaf
s Madrid like?, I don,t know .
J . Q Y . ~ n l .. .e n.
...
. I
not be) there.
2 When . ...
. . . . .
.
(I get) home last night,
...........
.................... .
........
............
(I
be)
very tired and ..... (I go) straight to bed.
3 A: ....... .............................
..... ...... (you see) Lisa recently?
B: Yes, . ....... . . . .
...
..
(I
saw) her a few days ago.
4 l,m tired. ... ... . . ... .
... . ...
....... .. 1 not sleep) well last
night
.
5 The bu s drivers were on strike last week. (there be) no
buses.
6 Mr Lee . ....
...
(work) in a bank for
15
years. Then .
..
.....................
(he give)
it up.
Now he
works
as
a gardener.
7 Mary lives in Dublin. . . .. ... . . . ............ . (she live) there all her life.
8 A: ... . .........
.....
..............
...
.. (you go) to the cinema last night?
B:
Yes,
but
.
...
. .
(it be)
a mistake.
Th
e film . .
(be) awful.
9 My grandfather ....
. . .
......
(die) before I was born. . . . ...........
.......
1 never meet) him.
10 I don t know Karen s husband. ........
.
......................................................
(I never meet) him.
11
I f
s nearly lunchtime, and .
(I
not
see)
Martin all morning.
I wonder where he
is.
12 Where do you live?, In Boston.
How long .............. .. . (you live)
ther
e? Five years.
Where . . . . . . (you live) before that?
I
n Chicago.,
And how long . . . . . . . (you live) in Chicago? Two years.
Write sentences
about
yourself using the ideas
in
brackets
1 (something you haven t done today) .
1
i : . CM1H t A . ~ . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .
2 (something you have
n,t
done today) . . ...........
3 (something you didn,t do yesterday) . .
.
. ....
. . . .......
4 (something you did yesterday evening) ..
. .
.
5 (s
om
ething you haven t done recently) .....
.
. .. . .....
6 (so
methin
g you ve done a lot recently) . . . . . . .......
.
_ Additional
exe
rcises 2- 4 pages 30 3- 04) , 14- 15
p
ages 310- 11) 29
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
7/10
Study this example situation:
afew years ago
Nicola doesn t travel much these days.
She prefers to stay at home.
But she used to
travel
a lot.
She
used
to
go
away
two
or three times a year.
She
used to
travel
a lot= she travelled a lot often in the
past,
but
she doesn t do this any more.
she
used to travel
she doesn t
travel
these days
past
Something used
to
happen = it happened often in the past,
but
no longer happens:
0 I used to play tennis a lot, but I don t play very much now.
0 David used to spend a
lot
of money on clothe
s.
These days he can t afford it.
C
Do you go
to
the cinema much?
No
t now, but I
used
to
. (=I used
to go)
We
also use used
to
... for things
that
were true, but are
not
true any more:
0 This building is now a furniture shop. lt used to be a cinema.
0 I used to think Mark was unfriendly, but now I realise he s a very nice person.
0 Ive started drinking tea recently. I never used to Like it before.
0 Lisa used
to have very long hair when she was a child.
I
used to do something
is
past. There is no present.
You
cannot say I
use
to do.
To talk about the present, use the present simple 1
do).
Compare:
1 used
to
play
r- ;-esent he
plays
we used to Live I here used to be
we Live there
is
C We used to Live
in
a small village, but now we Live in London.
0
There
used
to be four cinemas in the town. Now there is only one.
The normal question form is did (you) use to ... ?:
0 Did
you
use
to eat a lot of sweets when you were a chi ld?
The negative
form
is
didn t use
to
..
. (used
not
to
...
is
also possible):
:_ I didn t use to like him. or I used not to like him.)
Compare I used to do and I was doing:
now
I used to
watch
TV a lo t. (=I watched TV often in the past, but I no longer do this)
0 I was watching TV when
Rob
ca ll
ed
. = I was in the middle of watching TV)
Do not confuse I used to do and I am used to doing (see Unit 61) . The structures and meanings are
different:
U I
used
to Live alone. (= I lived alone in the past,
but
I no longer li
ve
alone)
0 I am used
to
Living alone. = I live alone, and I dont find it strange or difficult because Ive
been living alone for some time)
Past continuous (1
was
o i n Un it 6
Would
= used Unit 36
Be
/g
et used
to
(doing) s o m t h i n g ~ Unit 61
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
8/10
xercises
Complete the sentences
with use d) to+ a
suitable
verb .
1 Nicola doesn 't travel much
now
. She
tA?.e4
U:? . ~
......
a lot, but she prefers to stay at home
these
days.
2 Sophie .
.
. .
. ................. a motorbike , but last year she sold it and bought a car.
3 We moved to Spain a few years ago. We . . . in Paris.
4 I
rarely eat ice-cream now, but
I
.. ................. it when
I
was a child.
5 Jackie
my best
friend ,
but
we
aren
't
good
fri
ends
any
more
.
6 lt only
takes
me about 40
minutes
to get to work now that the new road is open. lt
. ...
. . .
. ....
.
more
than an hou r.
7 There . a hote l nea r the airport, but it closed a long t i
me
ago.
8 When you lived
in
New
York
, . .
.. . .
.....
.
to the theatre
very often?
Compare what Karen said five years ago
and
what she says
today
:
FIVE YE RS GO
I
travel a lot.
~
. ....
.....
Ive got lots
of friends . -
I m
ve ry
l
azy
.
1don't like/
c
he
ese.
I m a hotel
re
ceptionis
t.
/ I
pl
ay the piano.
TOD Y
Ieat lots of
cheese w ~
Iwork very hard
these da ys. - - -
Idon't know m
an
y ;
people these days/
Iwork
in
a /
bookshop now .
My dog died two
/ years
a
go
.
_;read a
news
paper
/ every day now.
Ihaven't been to a
~ party fo r ages.
Ihaven't p
layed
t he
~ piano fo ryear
s.
~ I
don t go
away
....... th
e ......
.....
I I I Cl
i
J C U
Igo to a lot of partie
s.
Tea 's great I i ke it now .
Now write sentences
about
how Karen has
changed.
Use
used to
didn t
use to never used
to
in
the first part of your sentence.
1
. Y1
e: .
~
to ~ t > ........... .......
but
. h. Me5
n
>t,
go G4 YO-.y
m
tAc}1
t t . J
~ ...... ....
2 She used . . .. .
but . .
. . . . .
. . . . . .
. . .
. .
3 . .
.
. . . .. ....
. .
....... ...... . .
.
...
.... . but . ... ...
.. .....
.... . ......... .
... . ..
...
.. . ......
.. .
4 .
.
..
. .. .. .. but .
5 .. ...
.
..... .
.......
. .
but
6 ..
.
..........
. . . .
......
.
but
7 .... ....
........
............. ..... .....
.. .
.... .... ........ .. but
8 . .
.
.. .
. . ..... .. . but . . . .
. .. ..
.. . .... .
9 .. .... . .
. .......... .. . ... but
10 . . ....
......
. . . . .. . . but
Write sentences about
yourself
Like the examples. Begin I used to ... (I used
to
be/work/like/
play/read
etc. .
1
1 ... ~
..
..
4. 1
...5
rr.
o..U.:
..
w t
n9N
J Y ~ ..
tl
.Jor 49Yl
.......... .. .......... ..
.....
......... ...................
2 1.... tq pla y ~ ~ n
o LQt
> P
v t J
cion,t ~ __any mqre .
3 I used .... . . . .... , but ......... . . _
4 I
......
.....
.................
.... ..
.. .. .. ....
.......
......
....
....... ..
. . . . ......
...... ....
.. ..
.....
.....
..
.. ... ....
.......
......
5
Now begin with I didn t use to ...
6 1 W. ..
~
o .
lot-,
n ~ ~ . . l cio .. .......
..
7 I didn't .... .................. . .. .
. .
~ Unit
.18
8 .
. .
. .... .....
......
.. .
..
..
. .
.......
. ........
..
0 . . .
-+ Additional exercise 9 (page 307)
7
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
9/10
Study this example:
This
house was
built
in
1961 .
Was built is
passi
ve.
Compare act ive and passive:
Somebody
built this house in 1961. active)
subject object
This house
was
built in 1961 .
passi
ve)
subject
When we use an active verb, we say what the subject does:
C:
My grandfather was a builder. He
built
th
is house in 1961.
0 lt s a big company.
lt
employs
two
hundred
people
.
When we
use a passive verb,
we say
what happens to the subject:
0 How old
is
this house?
lt was
built
in
1961.
8 Two hundred people are employed by
the
company.
When we
use the passive,
who
or
what causes
the
action
is oft en un known or unimportant :
A
lot
of money
was stolen
in the robbery. (somebody stole it, but we don t know who)
C
Is this room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it it s not important who)
If we want to say who does or what causes
the
action , we use by :
This house
was
built
by
my
grandfather
.
Two hundred people are
employed
by the
company
.
The passive
is be
(is/was
et
c.
)+ past participle (done/cleaned/seen
etc.):
(be) done (be) cleaned (be)
damaged
(be)
built
(be)
seen
etc.
For irregular
past
participles
(done
/
seen/known
etc.) , see Appendix
1
Study the
active and passive
forms of
the present simple and past simple:
Present simple
active clean(s) I see(s) et
c.
pass e
am/is/are
+
cleaned/seen
et c.
0
Many acc ide
nt
s are caused by careless driving.
0 I m not invited
to
p
ar t
i
es
ve ry ofte
n.
0
How is thi s word
pronounced
?
Past simple
ac tive cleaned
/
saw
et
c.
pa
ssiVe
was
/ were+ cleaned /seen et
c.
Somebody cleans this room eve
ry
day.
This
room
is cleaned every day.
Somebody cleaned
this room yes
t erday.
This room
was
cleaned yeste
rd
ay.
0 We
were woken
up by a loud noi
se
du r
in
g
the ni
ght.
D id you go
to
the
party?
No , I
wasn t
invited
.
How
mu
ch money was stolen in th e robber
y?
__n_
t
_s_4_3__4_4____ _ Y _ ~ _ _ni__1z_a _________________________________________
-
7/23/2019 Extra Activity 1 -Intermediate 4
10/10
xercises
Complete
the sentences using one
of
these verbs in the correct form present or past:
cause
overtake
damage
show
hold
surround
invite
translate
1 Many
acc
idents _
< M :
~ C ( ) . , . by dangerous driving.
2 Cheese . from milk.
make
write
3 The
roof
of the building __________ in a storm a few days ago.
4 You to the wedding. Why didn t you go?
5 A cinema is a place where films . .... .
........
............. .
6 In the United States, elections
for
preside
nt
.
.. ..........
. . every four years.
7 Originally the book . . . . in Spanish, and a few years ago i t
into English.
8 Although we were driving fast we _ _ by a lot of
other cars.
9 You can t
see the
house from
the
road. lt . . by trees.
Write questions using the passive. Some are present and some are past .
1 Ask about glass. (how I make?) H9 W 9 ~ ? .
~ ?
.
....
.
.
.
2 Ask about television. (when
I
invent?) . . .
........................................................
_ . .
3 Ask about mountains. (how I form?) . .
..................
.
4 Ask
about
antibiotics. (when I discover?) . . . . . .
5 Ask about
si
lver. (what I use for?) . . . ..... .
Put the verb into the correct form present simple or past simple active or passive.
1
lt
s a big factory. Five hundred people .
~ e
P l P . d (employ) there.
2
DU:;l
s q . m . ~ o ~ (somebody I clean) this room yesterday?
3
Water
. (cover)
most
of the earth s surface.
4
Ho
w much of the earth s surface
(cover) by water?
5 The park gates
(lock) at 6
.3
0 p.m. every evening.
6 The
letter
....
. . . . . (send) a week ago and
i t
(arrive) .
.
. yesterday.
7 The boat hit a rock and .
. ................ (sink) quickly. Fortunately everybody
_ . . (rescue).
8 Robert s parents . . . . (die) when he was very young. He and his sister
______ . .......... (bring up) by their grandparents.
9 I was born in London, but I
...
(grow up) in Canada.
10 While I was on holiday,
my
camera
....
................ _ (steal) from
my
hotel room.
11
While I was on holiday,
my
camera . ........................
.............
(disappear) from
my hotel
room.
12 Why ........................
(Sue
I resign) from her job? Didn t s
he
enjoy it?
13 Why . (Ben I fire) from his job? Did he do something wrong?
14 The company is
not
independent.
lt
. ...... (own) by a much larger company.
15 I saw
an ac
c
id
ent last night. Somebody .
.......
(call)
an
ambulance
but
nobody
(injure), so the ambulance . .
..................
....... (not I need).
16 Where . .
.....
. . (these pictu res I take)?
In
London?
.............. ........................ (you
I
take) them,
or so
mebody else?
17 Sometim es
it
s quite noisy living here,
but
it s
not
a problem
for
me -
I . . (not
I
bother) by it.
Rewrite these sentences. Instead
of
using somebody
they
people etc.
write
a passive
sentence.
1 Somebody clea ns the room every day.
2 They cancelled a
ll
flights because
of
fog.
3 People don
1
t u
se
th is road much.
4 Somebody accused me of stealing money.
5
How
do people learn languages?
6 People warned us not to go out alone.
h ~ Q P m
Y ~ 1
. . .. .
Al l
.........
.
.........................
How .......
.
.
............................... .