Extended Classification System for Medical Applications of

1 Jukka Tuomi, Aalto-yliopisto

Extended Classification System for Medical

Applications of Additive Manufacturing

Jukka Tuomi

Research Director

Aalto University, BIT Research Centre

President

Finnish Rapid Prototyping Association, FIRPA

AFPR Conference

PARIS, June 24-27, 2013


Classification Systems for AM

Technology oriented [ASTM F42, ISO 10303]

Binder jetting

Directed energy deposition

Material extrusion

Material jetting

Powder bed fusion

Sheet lamination

Vat photopolymerization

Application oriented

Prototyping

Tooling

Manufacturing


Brand Names

Stereolithography, SLA (3D Systems)

Fused deposition modeling, FDM (Stratasys)

Binder jetting (3D Systems/Z Corp.)

Material jetting (Stratasys/Solidscape)

PolyJet (Stratasys/Objet)

Selective laser sintering, SLS (3D Systems/DTM)

Direct metal laser sintering, DMLS (EOS)

…


Prototypes

Tools

Production components

Industrial Applications


AM Process 1/2

3D-CAD - Ideas

- Pro/E

- Catia

- SolidWorks

- …

.stl file

.stl file AM - SLA

- SLS

- DMLS

- LOM

- FDM

- …

Physical part

Layer wise manufacturing


3D Model AM process Physical part

AM Process 2/2


Why AM?

Rapid Prototypig

Rapid Tooling

Rapid Manufacturing

1990 -

1995 -

2000 -

Time to market

Faster Ramp-up

Agile manufacturing and customization

2000

High-end products, production and logistics

”SuperMachines” 2010 - Additive Manufacturing, AM


Biomanufacturing

Pre- and postoperative models

Inert implants

Tools and instruments

Medical aids and

Supportive guides

Classification of Medical Applications

[J. Puokens]

[Tsinghua University]


Models for Pre- and Postoperative Planning,

Education, and Training


Medical Aids, Supportive Guides,

Splints and Prostheses


Tools, Instruments and Parts for Medical Devices

[J. Puokens]


Inert Implants


Biomanufacturing

[Tsinghua University]


Class Purpose Relation of AM'd piece to patient

Primary description Requirements Other

Preoperative models

Plan or simulate surgical procedure; Educate students, patients and family, train surgeons

No patient contact Based on patient geometry but magnification or miniaturization possible;

Anatomical accuracy requirements depend on case

Transportability, storability, behavior in process, haptic response requirements depend on case

Medical aids, supportive guides, splints & prostheses

Enhance healing from trauma, anomaly or defect

External to body – non invasive

May be combined to standard devices to provide patient-specific fit; Long term and postoperative supports, (motion) guides and fixators

Non-allergic if in contact with skin, mechanical and surface requiements depend on case

Includes external prostheses and prosthetic sockets, personalized splints, drill-guiding microtables, orthopedic appliances and braces

Tools, instruments & parts for medical devices

Enable or improve the efficacy of a medical or surgical procedure

Contact with body fluids, mucous membranes, tissues or organs for a limited time: Invasive but not implantable,

Patient-specific dimensions and shapes may be incorporated;

Sterilizable; No immediate toxicity or allergic reactions, no shedding of particles; mechanical and surface requirements depend on case

Includes drill guides, specialty surgical instruments, orthodontic appliances

Inert implants Tissue replacement Wholly or partly implanted, long term contact with body fluids, tissues or organs

Biocompatible; will not change its characteristics (much) in vivo

May attract cell adhesion on surface but mainly stays inactive; durability, mechanical properties, surface properties depend on case

Strict material requirements, long approval processes; Includes dental applications: crowns & bridges

Biomanu facturing

Biologically active tissue replacement; “organ manufacturing”

Incorporated into body

Shape personalized to match tissue defect, porous structures, optimal morphology depends on cell type and application site

Porous structures; Scaffolds must be cell growth conductive, inductive, resorbable, controlled

Polymers, ceramics and composites; Freeform culture media in vitro; Additive manufacturing + tissue engineering;


Medical AM Process

1 Medical Imaging and 3D Digitizing

2 3D Modeling

3 Additive Manufacturing

4 Finishing

5 Clinical Application


Classification Extension –

MAAM Matrix


Case Example


www.medicalam.info

Web Platform for MAAM


Acknowledgements

Ian Gibson, National University of Singapore

Stephen Rouse, USA

Antti Mäkitie, Risto Kontio, Jan Lindahl, Jari Salo, Helsinki

University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki

Juho Vehviläinen, Kaija-Stiina Paloheimo, Roy Björkstrand,

Mika Salmi, Eero Huotilainen, Aalto University


Thank you!

Jukka Tuomi

[email protected]

+358-500-713420

mailto:[email protected]

Extended Classification System for Medical Applications of

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