• Is anything different?• Has anything changed since you last performed this task?• If so, Take 5! minutes to Take 5! steps

Identify the job you are about to do

Break the job into steps and identify hazards involved in each step

Assess the HAZARDS using the Hazard Assessment Tool

Develop CONTROLS and apply to HAZARDS

Record the CONTROLS

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Who we are, what we do

Contact Information

DisclaimerWe cannot anticipate all conditions under which this information and our products, or the prod-ucts of other manufacturers in combination with our products, may be used. We accept no responsibility for results obtained by the application of this information or the safety or suitability of our products, either alone or in combination with other products. Users are advised to conduct their own tests to determine the safety and suitability of each product or product combination for their own purposes.

Dyno Nobel Inc. and its subsidiaries disclaim any warranties with respect to their products, the safety or suitability thereof, or the results to be obtained, whether express or implied, IN-CLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND/OR OTHER WARRANTY. Buyers and users assume all risk, responsibility and liability whatsoever from any and all injuries (including death), losses, or damages to persons or property arising from the use of their products. Under no circumstances shall either Dyno Nobel Inc. or any of its subsidiaries be liable for special, conse-quential or incidental damages or for anticipated loss of profits.

Dyno Nobel2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121 USA Phone: 800-732-7534 Fax: 801-321-6706 website: www.dynonobel.come-mail: explosivesengineerguide@am.dynonobel.com

TAKE 5! Rapid Hazard Assessment

Explosives users in the mining, quarry, construction, pipeline and geophysical exploration industries know that Dyno Nobel, a global leader in commercial explosives, delivers Ground-breaking Performance through Practical Innovation by focusing on Safety and Continuous Improvement.

Our founder, Alfred Nobel, changed the world with his invention of dynamite and the detonator in the 1860s and changed it again when he founded the world famous Nobel Prizes. Dyno Nobel’s roots also include William Bickford’s invention of Safety Fuse in 1831. Our corporate history is built on this legacy of safety and innovation.

With Zero Harm as our goal - for our employees, our customers and the environment - our safety standards are among the highest in the industry. Because we are all responsible for working safely, we rigorously apply internationally recognized safety standards at all our loca-tions and in everything we do, from storage and transport to handling and use.

Together with our owners, Incitec Pivot Limited, we are a global force in nitrogen-based chemical manufacturing, holding foremost positions in the commercial explosives and fertilizer markets. Incitec Pivot’s explosives business will continue to be identified by the well known Dyno Nobel brand as we take care of our customers in the industries we serve.

DYNOMIX™ (ANFO)• poured 50 lb. bag• augered• pneumatically placedFRAGMAX®

TITAN 7000 RUTITAN 7000 RUSTITAN 7000 RUSCTITAN 7000 RU-ATITAN 7000 RU-SX

TITAN 1050TITAN 1040TITAN 1030TITAN 1025TITAN 1000 GTITAN 1070 GTITAN 1060 GTITAN 1050 GTITAN 1000 SDTITAN 1080 SDTITAN 1070 SDTITAN 1050 SDTITAN 1030 SDTITAN 1020 SDTITAN 1000 LDTITAN 1070 LDTITAN 1050 LDTITAN 1040 LDTITAN 1030 LDTITAN XL 1000TITAN SME™

0.820.860.931.051.201.221.221.201.20

1.321.251.151.101.201.201.201.251.201.231.241.271.151.051.251.291.301.251.151.201.20

2¼ / 574½ / 1151¼ / 324½ / 1151¾ / 453 / 75

2½ / 651¾ / 451¾ / 45

8 / 2006 / 1505 / 1254 / 1002½ / 653 / 75

4 / 1006 / 1503 / 75

3½ / 904 / 1005 / 125

4½ / 1153½ / 903½ / 904½ / 1156 / 1505 / 1255 / 1252½ / 652½ / 65

880880881880690670670690680

780800820830680740760780680720740771815835680740780800820680680

720755837925830840820830815

1,0301,000945915815890910975815885920980935880850955

1,0151000945815815

11,80012,80010,70015,60018,00017,10017,10018,00018,000

16,40015,80015,30015,00014,80014,10013,50014,10018,40017,70015,70015,40014,40013,80019,00018,50017,70016,40015,30017,10017,100

3,5973,9013,2614,7505,5005,2005,2005,5005,500

5,0004,8004,7004,6004,5004,3004,1004,3005,6005,4004,8004,7004,4004,2005,8005,6005,4005,0004,7005,2005,200

NoneNoneNoneNone

ExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellent

GoodFairPoorPoor

ExcellentExcellentExcellent

GoodExcellentExcellentExcellent

GoodFairPoor

ExcellentExcellent

GoodFairPoor

ExcellentExcellent

-A-APPPPP

AAAAPPPAPPPAAAPPAAAPP

S,US,US,US

R,UR,UR,SR,U

R,U,SO

SSSS

S,GS,GS,GS,GS,RS,RS,RSSS

S,RS,RSSS

S,GS,G,SM

AverageDensity

g/cc

WaterResistance

Velocitym/sec

Velocityft/sec

Energycal/cc(ABS)

Energycal/g

(AWS)

MinimumDiameter

in/mm

LoadingMethodP=PumpA=Auger

UsageCode

PercentEmulsion

0000

100100100100100

50403025

100706050

1008070503020

10070504030

100100

Usage Codes S = Surface Blasting U = Underground Blasting R = Repumpable SM = Site Mixed G = Gassed or Gassable SO = Sulfide Ore Compatible

ANFO Augerable Emulsion/ ANFO Blend Pumpable Emulsion/ANFO Blend

Bulk Explosives

TITAN® Emulsion TITAN LD / TITAN SD Emulsion TITAN 7000 RU Emulsion

Bulk Explosives

Relative Weight Strength (RWS) and Relative Bulk Strength (RBS) can be calculated based on ANFO = 1.00 @ density of 0.82 g/ccEnergy cal/g = Absolute Weight Strength Energy cal/cc = Absolute Bulk Strength

The TITAN 7000 RU Series is designed for use only with DynoMiner® delivery systems.

UNIGEL®

UNIMAX®

DYNOMAX™ PRO Z POWDER STONECUTTER®

DYNOSPLIT® DDYNOSPLIT D1

DYNO® APDYNO AP PLUS DYNO SLDYNO SL PLUSDYNOSPLIT® APDYNOSPLIT CDYNOSPLIT RiGHT™DYNO E-5DYNO TX (chub)DYNO TX (paper) BLASTEX®

BLASTEX PLUSBLASTGEL® 1000BLASTGEL 1070

DYNOMIX™DYNOMIX WR

GEOPRIME® dBX GEOPRIMEVIBROGEL®

SEISPRO®

1.301.511.45 1.37 1.021.400.95

1.151.15 1.151.151.081.201.111.051.171.101.261.261.221.27

0.820.87

1.701.631.431.18

1¼ to 3 1 to 3

1¼ to 3 1¼

⅞ to 2¾ to 1

⅞

1 to 3½1 to 2½ 1 to 1½1 to 1¼1 to 1½⅞ to 21 to 2

1¼ to 1½ 1¼ to 3½

1½ to 32 to 3½2 to 3½3 to 74 to 7

50 lb. bag50 lb. bag

1½ to 2¼2¼

1 to 2.41.4 to 2.4

Dynamite

Emulsion

Seismic

9551,0551,055 965 842995990

775860 770850775800775740

1,000985740800650730

880880

1,8801,5001,2501,000

1,2401,5101,510

1,351 859

1,4401,230

890990 885980840960860777

1,1701,085930

1,010800935

720748

20.527.926.035.5

14,10019,70019,700 16,400 4,8208,9009,800

15,40015,100 15,40015,10015,40023,00016,10014,80016,40016,40016,40016,10019,00018,000

12,80011,350

23,95024,60020,00019,350

4,3006,0006,000 5,000 1,4702,7003,000

4,7004,600 4,7004,6004,7007,0004,9004,5005,0005,0005,0004,9005,8005,500

3,9003,460

7,3007,5006,1005,900

GoodExcellentExcellent Excellent

PoorGoodGood

ExcellentExcellent ExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellent

NoneLimited

227230133103

Densityg/cc

WaterResistance

Velocitym/sec

Velocityft/sec

Energycal/cc(ABS)

Energycal/g

(AWS)

Diameter(s)inches

UsageCode

D,G,UD,G,U

D,G,RS D,U,P D,PS

D,PS,UD,PS,U

D,G,UD,G,U D,SL,UD,SL,UD,PS,UD,PS,UD,PS,UD,U,P

D,RD,UD,RDB,G,UB,G,UB,GB,G

B,G,UB,G,U

D,SD,SD,SD,S

Densityg/cc

DetonationPressure Kbars

Velocitym/sec

Velocityft/sec

GasVolume

Caloriesper Gram

Diameter(s)inches

UsageCode

Usage Codes D = Detonator Sensitive B = Booster Sensitive G = General Purpose PS = Presplitting P = Permissible U = OK for underground Use RD = Resistant to Dead-Pressing RS = Resistant to Sympathetic Detonation SL = Use with Swedish Loader S = Seismic Energy Source

Presplitting Dynamite in Paper Tube Shell with Plastic Coupler

Emulsion in Plastic Chub

Dynamite in Paper Shell

Emulsion in Paper Shell

Dynamite in Paper Tube Shell with NG Vapor Barrier

Emulsion in Plastic Chub

ANFO

Seismic Charge in Plastic Shell

Densityg/cc

WaterResistance

Velocitym/sec

Velocityft/sec

Energycal/cc(ABS)

Energycal/g

(AWS)

Diameter(s)inches

UsageCode

Packaged Explosives

Relative Weight Strength (RWS) and Relative Bulk Strength (RBS) can be calculated based on ANFO = 1.00 @ density of 0.82 g/ccEnergy cal/g = Absolute Weight Strength Energy cal/cc = Absolute Bulk Strength

Spartan® 90g 150g 200g 350g 400g 450g 900gSuperPrime® NBU 350g 450g 900gSpartan® SL Slider 450gSpartan® Twinplex 450gSpartan® SR 350g 400g 450gSuperPrime® Stinger 10g 20g

Detonating Cord

Trojan® Cast Boosters

3.25.57

121416321216321616121416

0.3530.705

1.52.43.23.63.65.38.5

10.83.63.65.35.38.58.5

21.331.542.585.03.65.38.68.6

7.512151818254050181825254040

10015020040018254040

68271136868689090454550454545799090

13623455050

15060

25015015015020020010010011010010010017520020030050

100110110

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

Coreloadg/m gr/ft

Tensile (minimum)kg lbs

ApplicationDownline* Presplit Trunkline

Color / CounterColor / Stripe

JacketT = TextileP = Plastic

yellow / 5 blackorange / 4 black

red / 1 black + 1 whiteyellow / 1 black

redred / 1 blackred / 2 black

yellow / 2 blackpink

clear / blackorange + wax coating

orangeyellowyellowclearclearclear

light greenclearclearclear

yellow

TTTTTTTTPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

1.1 x 4.71.5 x 4.71.6 x 4.62.0 x 4.72.1 x 4.72.2 x 4.73.1 x 5.62.0 x 4.72.3 x 4.73.1 x 5.12.2 x 4.72.2 x 4.62.0 x 4.72.2 x 4.72.3 x 4.7

0.75 x 2.10.65 x 3.5

1.651.651.651.651.651.651.651.601.601.601.651.601.651.651.651.601.60

24,80024,80024,80024,80024,80024,80024,80025,60025,60025,60024,80024,80024,80024,80024,80025,60025,600

7,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,8007,8007,8007,5507,5507,5507,5507,5507,8007,800

235235235235235235235245245245235245235235235245245

ExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellentExcellent Excellent Excellent

• Spartan, Spartan SL Slider, Spartan Twinplex and SuperPrime Stingers are detonator sensitive and have nominal energy of 1,370 cal/g and 2,190 cal/cc.

• SuperPrime NBU boosters are detonating cord sensitive (3.6 g/m and higher), and have nominal energy of 1,880 cal/g and 3,120 cal/cc.

Detonating Cord & Cast Boosters

Additional specialty cords are available.

* Detonating cord downlines may adversely impact explosives in the borehole. Please consult your Dyno Nobel representative

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

ü

WaterResistance

Velocitym/sec

Velocityft/sec

Diameter x Lengthinches

Densityg/cc

Weightoz

DetonationPressure

Kbars

Weightgram

is a green self-consuming 0.9 g/m (4 gr/ft) detonating cord connected to a high strength detonator. Available in 18 delay periods from 0 to 3800 ms.

PRIMACORD® 1PRIMACORD 2.5PRIMACORD 3PRIMACORD 4YPRIMACORD 4RPRIMACORD 5PRIMACORD 8PRIMACORD 10PRIMALINE® 4DPRIMALINE 4HSPRIMALINE 5PRIMALINE 5DPRIMALINE 8DPRIMALINE 8HTPRIMALINE 21PRIMALINE 31PRIMALINE 42PRIMALINE 85PRIMASHEAR® 4PRIMASHEAR 5PRIMASHEAR 8PRIMASHEAR 8CPRIMALINE SMS

Electronic Initiation

SmartShot™

• Wired or Wireless Remote Firing (up to 3.5Km line-of-sight)• Leaky Feeder Underground Remote Firing• 4-Wire Daisy-Chain Hookup• Up to 2400 Detonators per Blaster (dependent on shot layout)• Delays from 0 to 20,000 msec in 1 msec Increments• Requires Password, Coded Signal & Blast Key to Fire

Wire Lengthmeters feet

Casequantity

DigiShot®, DigiShot® Plus, GeoShot®, DriftShot® and SmartShot™ are registered trademarks of DetNet South Africa (Proprietary) Limited

DigiShotCable Color

Cable Tensile Strength

Dyno Nobel Electronic Initiation Systems

• Wired Firing• 2-Wire Busline Hookup• Up to 300 Detonators per Blaster• Fully Programmable with Auto-Programmability• Delays from 0 to 20,000 msec in 1 msec Increments• Requires Password, Coded Signal & Blast Key to Fire

DigiShot®

• Wired or Wireless* Remote Firing• 2-Wire Busline Hookup• Up to 1800 Detonators per Blaster (7,200 per blast)• Fully Programmable with Auto-Programmability• Delays from 0 to 20,000 msec in 1 msec Increments• Requires Password, Coded Signal & Blast Key to Fire

DigiShot® Plus

DigiShot PlusCable Color

2**9

1518243037465575

6.530506080

100120150180245

90846050403224241818

374 N 84 lbs374 N 84 lbs374 N 84 lbs374 N 84 lbs374 N 84 lbs374 N 84 lbs374 N 84 lbs374 N 84 lbs374 N 84 lbs374 N 84 lbs

N/ARedRedRedRedRedRedRedRedRed

GreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreenGreen

* up to 3.5 Km line-of-sight ** 2m units are manufactured with bunch blockAdditional length configurations are available, please consult your Dyno Nobel representative for details.

Downlinemeters feet

Surfacemeters feet

101520303545

7100.20.20.20.2

33496698115148

2333

0.660.660.660.66

SmartShotCable Color

CableTensile Strength

Dark GreenDark GreenDark GreenDark GreenDark GreenDark Green

>250 N >56 lbs>250 N >56 lbs>250 N >56 lbs>250 N >56 lbs>250 N >56 lbs>250 N >56 lbs

Casequantity

181818181818

* Please consult your Dyno Nobel representative for details.

DriftShot™

Electronic Detonator for Initiation of Seismic Charges• Wired Firing• 2-Wire Direct Hookup• Maximum of 7 Detonators per Array• Firing Accuracy of <0.1ms Deviation• Fires Only With encrypted Signal from GeoShot SIU• High Visibility Orange Cable Color

Electronic Detonator for Underground Development• Pre-Numbered Periods with Electronic Accuracy• 2-Wire Busline Hookup• Fired via Blast Control Unit (BCU)• Remote Firing Available• Easy to Use - All Timing via Preset Templates in BCU• Requires Password, Coded Signal & Blast Key to Fire

Wire Lengthmeters feet

57

10

162233

DriftShotCable Color

YellowYellowYellow

Casequantity

N/A*8045

GeoShot™

GeoShot is available in lengths from 3.5m (12 ft) to 54m (180 ft). See the GeoShot Technical Info Sheet or consult your Dyno Nobel representative for details.

An instant electric detonator in a plastic bunch block for easy connection to both shock tube and detonating cord.

SP SeriesNominal Firing Time

(msec)

Electric Super™The SP series features 26 precise “short period” millisecond delays. The LP series features 19 “long period” delays.

Delay Periods

LP SeriesNominal Firing Time

(msec)

Legwire Color - SP & LP Series:SP copper wire (single) = yellow & turquoiseSP copper wire (duplex) = turquoiseSP copper clad iron (single) = orange & orangeLP copper wire (single) = red & yellow

Electric Super Seismic

Electric Super LPElectric Super SP Electric Super Coal

Resistance (ohms)Copper Wire

Average Wire Gauge 1000 ft

Electric Super

SP & LP

Average Resistance (ohms)LegwireLength

(feet) (meters)

Electric SuperCoal

Electric Super

Seismic

Coal SeriesNominal Firing Time

(msec)

Electric Super™ Coal

Delay Periods

Legwire Color

Designed to meet MSHA requirements in under-ground coal mining.

InstantLegwire Color

Electric Super™ SeismicA high strength detonator designed to initiate seismic explosives used in geophysical exploration.

Delay

Copper wire (single) Yellow & Yellow

(duplex) Yellow

0123456789

10111213141516171819202224262830

5255075

100125150175200225250275300325350375400425450475500550600650700750

-25

200400600800

1,0001,2001,4001,6001,9002,2002,5002,9003,3003,8004,4005,100

--------

81214162024303540455560657585

100120160

2.43.64.24.86.17.39.1

10.712.213.716.818.319.822.825.930.236.648.8

-1.92

-2.032.142.252.40

-2.66

--

3.19--

3.85---

--

4.30---------------

-1.20

---

1.40-

1.65-

1.852.05

-2.252.502.703.003.404.25

121416182021222324

1.59 2.52 4.02 6.3810.1513.2616.1421.0925.67

123456789

101112

25100175250325400500600700800900

1,000

both whiteboth pink

both light blueboth orange

white & dark greenboth goldboth red

both light greenlight blue & white

pink & orangelight blue & orange

light blue & pink

Electric Initiation

InstantLegwire ColorDelay

Copper wire (single) yellow & turquoise

Electric Super™ Starter

Electric SuperStarter

-1.92

----------------

Electric Super Starter

NONEL® EZ DRIFTER®

EZ DRIFTER units consist of a 200 ms out-of-hole detonator housed in a white plastic EZ Connector block on one end of a length of yellow shock tube with a 5400 ms in-hole detonator on the other end.

NONEL® SLSL nonelectric short lead millisecond delay units consist of a precise millisecond delay detonator as-sembled to a 30 inch (76 cm) length of sealed orange shock tube with a looped end.

Star ter & Lead LineNONEL® Starter is a spool of shock tube that is fac-tory-assembled to a nonelectric detonator. Available in 200, 500 or 1,000 foot lengths. NONEL® Lead Line consists of a 2,500 foot spooled length of shock tube without a detonator. When initi-ated, the shock tube propagates a low energy signal to the detonator at a rate of 6,500 ft/second.

EZ DET EZ TLEZ Drifter

MS Connector TD LP MS

SL

Starter

917253542506567

109

GreenYellowRed

BlackWhite

OrangePurpleBlueBlack

Nominal Time(msec)

MS ConnectorBlock Color

NONEL® MS ConnectorMS nonelectric bi-directional trunkline delay connec-tors consist of an 18-inch (46 cm) length of shock tube with millisecond detonators of the same delay, inside connector blocks, on each end.

9172533

GreenYellowRed

Green

4267

100109

WhiteBlueBlackBlack

Nominal Time

(msec)

Nominal Time

(msec)

EZConnectorBlock Color

NONEL® TDTD nonelectric surface trunkline delay detonators consist of a precise surface delay detonator housed in a plastic Bunch Block assembled to a sealed length of yellow shock tube with a white plastic J-hook attached to the opposite end.

EZConnectorBlock Color

0255075

100125150175200225250275300

325350375400425450475500525600700800900

1,000

OrangeRedTan

GreenBlue

OrangePurpleGray

Lt BlueWhiteRed

WhiteTan

Nominal Timemsec

Nominal Timemsec

TagColor

NONEL® MSMS (millisecond) units consist of a precise millisecond delay detonator assembled to a length of sealed orange shock tube with a white plastic J-hook at the opposite end.

WhiteGreenWhiteBlueWhite

OrangeWhitePurpleWhiteGray

Lt BlueRedTan

Green

TagColor

17 / 35025 / 35042 / 35025 / 375

17 / 50025 / 50042 / 500

17 / 70025 / 70042 / 700

YellowRed

WhiteRed

Nominal Timemsec

Nominal Timemsec

Nominal Timemsec

EZConnector

Color

NONEL® EZ DET®

EZ DET units consist of a precise in-hole delay detonator and a surface delay detonator housed in a plastic EZ Connector™ block and linked by a length of orange shock tube.

9172533

GreenYellowRed

Green

Nominal Timemsec

EZ Connector

Color

NONEL® EZTL™ EZTL trunkline delay detonators consist of a length of yellow shock tube attached to a low strength millisecond delay detonator housed in a plastic EZ Connector™ block on one end and sealed with a plastic J-hook attached to the other end.

4267

100109

WhiteBlueBlackBlack

Nominal Timemsec

EZ Connector

Color

200 / 5400 WhiteNominal Time (msec) EZ Connector Color

0123456789

05008001100140017002000230027003100

PinkWhiteBlue

OrangeGreenYellowRed

WhiteBlue

Orange

Nominal Time

(msec)

DelayTag

Color

NONEL® LPLP nonelectric long period delay units consist of a long period delay detonator assembled to a length of sealed yellow shock tube with a blue plastic J-hook at the opposite end.DelayPeriod

101112131415161718

350039004400490054005900650072008000

GreenYellowRed

WhiteBlue

OrangeGreenYellowRed

Nominal Time

(msec)

DelayTag

Color

DelayPeriod

0255075

100125150175200225250275300

325350375400425450475500525600700800900

1,000

OrangeRedTan

GreenBlue

OrangePurpleGray

Lt BlueWhiteRed

WhiteTan

Nominal Time(msec)

Nominal Time(msec)

TagColor

WhiteGreenWhiteBlueWhite

OrangeWhitePurpleWhiteGray

Lt BlueRedTan

Green

TagColor

NONEL® Nonelectric Initiation

Load

ing

Den

sity

(g/c

c)

Exp

losi

veD

iam

eter

0.

50 0.14

0.19

0.25

0.40

0.48

0.57

0.66

0.79

0.90

0.98

1.27

1.66

1.92

2.21

3.18

3.92

4.75

5.19

6.13

7.69

8.25

8.83

10.04

10.68

11.34

13.72

15.69

16.16

20.75

24.52

28.60

37.94

56.64

mm 19.0

22.0

25.0

32.0

35.0

38.0

41.0

45.0

48.0

50.0

57.0

65.0

70.0

75.0

90.0

100.0

110.0

115.0

125.0

140.0

145.0

150.0

160.0

165.0

170.0

187.0

200.0

203.0

230.0

250.0

270.0

311.0

380.0

0.75 0.2

10.2

80.3

70.6

00.7

20.8

50.9

81.1

91.3

61.4

71.9

12.4

92.8

83.3

14.7

75.8

87.1

27.7

89.1

911

.5312

.3713

.2415

.0616

.0217

.0020

.5723

.5424

.2531

.1336

.7742

.8956

.9184

.96

0.82 0.2

30.3

10.4

00.6

60.7

90.9

31.0

81.3

01.4

81.6

12.0

92.7

23.1

53.6

25.2

16.4

37.7

88.5

110

.0512

.6113

.5314

.4716

.4717

.5118

.5922

.5025

.7326

.5134

.0340

.2146

.9062

.2292

.89

0.85 0.2

40.3

20.4

20.6

80.8

20.9

61.1

11.3

51.5

41.6

72.1

72.8

23.2

73.7

55.4

06.6

78.0

78.8

210

.4213

.0714

.0215

.0017

.0718

.1519

.2723

.3226

.6727

.4835

.2841

.6848

.6164

.5096

.29

0.90 0.2

50.3

40.4

40.7

20.8

61.0

21.1

81.4

31.6

31.7

72.2

92.9

83.4

63.9

75.7

27.0

68.5

49.3

411

.0313

.8414

.8415

.8918

.0719

.2220

.4024

.6928

.2429

.1037

.3544

.1351

.4768

.2910

1.95

Kilo

gram

s of

Exp

losi

ve p

er M

eter

of B

last

hole

0.95 0.2

70.3

60.4

70.7

60.9

11.0

81.2

51.5

11.7

21.8

62.4

23.1

53.6

54.1

96.0

47.4

59.0

29.8

611

.6414

.6115

.6716

.7719

.0820

.2921

.5426

.0629

.8130

.7139

.4346

.5854

.3372

.0810

7.62

1.00 0.2

80.3

80.4

90.8

00.9

61.1

31.3

11.5

91.8

11.9

62.5

53.3

13.8

44.4

16.3

57.8

59.4

910

.3812

.2615

.3816

.4917

.6520

.0821

.3622

.6727

.4331

.3832

.3341

.5049

.0357

.1975

.8811

3.28

1.05 0.3

00.4

00.5

10.8

41.0

11.1

91.3

81.6

71.9

02.0

62.6

83.4

84.0

44.6

36.6

78.2

49.9

710

.8912

.8716

.1517

.3218

.5321

.0922

.4323

.8128

.8032

.9533

.9443

.5851

.4860

.0579

.6711

8.95

1.10 0.3

10.4

20.5

40.8

81.0

61.2

51.4

41.7

51.9

92.1

62.8

03.6

54.2

34.8

56.9

98.6

310

.4411

.4113

.4816

.9118

.1419

.4222

.0923

.4924

.9430

.1834

.5235

.5645

.6553

.9362

.9183

.4712

4.61

1.15 0.3

30.4

40.5

60.9

21.1

11.3

01.5

11.8

32.0

82.2

62.9

33.8

14.4

25.0

77.3

19.0

210

.9211

.9314

.1017

.6818

.9720

.3023

.1024

.5626

.0731

.5536

.0937

.1847

.7356

.3965

.7787

.2613

0.27

1.20 0.3

40.4

60.5

90.9

61.1

51.3

61.5

71.9

12.1

72.3

53.0

63.9

84.6

15.3

07.6

39.4

111

.3912

.4514

.7118

.4519

.7921

.1824

.1025

.6327

.2132

.9237

.6638

.7949

.8058

.8468

.6391

.0513

5.94

1.25 0.3

50.4

70.6

11.0

01.2

01.4

21.6

41.9

92.2

62.4

53.1

94.1

44.8

15.5

27.9

49.8

111

.8712

.9715

.3219

.2220

.6222

.0625

.1026

.7028

.3434

.2939

.2340

.4151

.8861

.2971

.4994

.8514

1.60

1.30 0.3

70.4

90.6

41.0

41.2

51.4

71.7

02.0

72.3

52.5

53.3

14.3

15.0

05.7

48.2

610

.2012

.3413

.4915

.9419

.9921

.4422

.9526

.1127

.7729

.4735

.6640

.7942

.0353

.9563

.7474

.3598

.6414

7.27

1.35 0.3

80.5

10.6

61.0

81.3

01.5

31.7

72.1

42.4

42.6

53.4

44.4

75.1

95.9

68.5

810

.5912

.8114

.0116

.5520

.7622

.2723

.8327

.1128

.8330

.6137

.0342

.3643

.6456

.0366

.1977

.2110

2.43

152.9

3

1.40 0.4

00.5

30.6

91.1

21.3

51.5

91.8

42.2

22.5

32.7

53.5

74.6

45.3

86.1

88.9

010

.9813

.2914

.5317

.1621

.5323

.0924

.7128

.1229

.9031

.7438

.4143

.9345

.2658

.1068

.6480

.0710

6.23

158.5

9

1.45 0.4

10.5

50.7

11.1

61.3

91.6

41.9

02.3

02.6

22.8

43.7

04.8

15.5

76.4

09.2

111

.3813

.7615

.0417

.7722

.3023

.9225

.5929

.1230

.9732

.8739

.7845

.5046

.8860

.1871

.1082

.9311

0.02

164.2

6

1.50 0.4

20.5

70.7

41.2

01.4

41.7

01.9

72.3

82.7

12.9

43.8

24.9

75.7

76.6

29.5

311

.7714

.2415

.5618

.3923

.0624

.7426

.4830

.1232

.0434

.0141

.1547

.0748

.4962

.2573

.5585

.7911

3.82

169.9

2

1.54 0.4

40.5

80.7

61.2

41.4

81.7

42.0

22.4

52.7

83.0

23.9

35.1

05.9

26.8

09.7

912

.0814

.6215

.9818

.8823

.6825

.4027

.1830

.9332

.8934

.9142

.2548

.3349

.7963

.9175

.5188

.0711

6.85

174.4

5

inche

s

0.75

0.87

0.98

1.26

1.38

1.50

1.61

1.77

1.89

1.97

2.24

2.56

2.76

2.95

3.54

3.94

4.33

4.53

4.92

5.51

5.71

5.91

6.30

6.50

6.69

7.36

7.87

7.99

9.06

9.84

10.63

12.24

14.96

Bur

den

(met

ers)

S

paci

ng(m

eter

s)

1.00

1.25

1.75

2.00

2.25

2.50

2.75

3.00

3.25

3.50

3.75

4.00

4.25

4.50

4.75

5.00

5.25

5.50

5.75

6.00

6.25

6.50

6.75

7.00

7.25

7.50

7.75

8.00

8.25

8.50

8.75

9.00

9.25

9.50

9.75

10.0

0

10.5

011

.00

12.0

0

Cub

ic M

eter

s of

Roc

k pe

r Met

er o

f Bla

stho

le

1.00

1.00

1.25

1.75

2.00

1.25

1.25

1.56

2.19

2.50

2.81

3.13

3.44

3.75

4.06

4.38

1.75

1.75

2.19

3.06

3.50

3.94

4.38

4.81

5.25

5.69

6.13

6.56

7.00

2.00

2.00

2.50

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

7.00

7.50

8.00

8.50

9.00

2.25

2.25

2.81

3.94

4.50

5.06

5.63

6.19

6.75

7.31

7.88

8.44

9.00

9.56

10.13

10.69

11.25

2.50

2.50

3.13

4.38

5.00

5.63

6.25

6.88

7.50

8.13

8.75

9.38

10.00

10.63

11.25

11.88

12.50

13.13

13.75

2.75

2.75

3.44

4.81

5.50

6.19

6.88

7.56

8.25

8.94

9.63

10.31

11.00

11.69

12.38

13.06

13.75

14.44

15.13

15.81

16.50

3.00

3.00

3.75

5.25

6.00

6.75

7.50

8.25

9.00

9.75

10.50

11.25

12.00

12.75

13.50

14.25

15.00

15.75

16.50

17.25

18.00

18.75

19.50

3.25

4.06

5.69

6.50

7.31

8.13

8.94

9.75

10.56

11.38

12.19

13.00

13.18

14.63

15.44

16.25

17.06

17.88

18.69

19.50

20.31

21.13

21.94

22.75

3.50

4.38

6.13

7.00

7.88

8.75

9.63

10.50

11.38

12.25

13.13

14.00

14.88

15.75

16.63

17.50

18.38

19.25

20.13

21.00

21.88

22.75

23.63

24.50

25.38

26.25

3.75

6.56

7.50

8.44

9.38

10.31

11.25

12.19

13.13

14.06

15.00

15.94

16.88

17.81

18.75

19.69

20.63

21.56

22.50

23.44

24.38

25.31

26.25

27.19

28.13

29.06

30.00

4.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

25.00

26.00

27.00

28.00

29.00

30.00

31.00

32.00

33.00

34.00

4.25

8.50

9.56

10.63

11.69

12.75

13.81

14.88

15.94

17.00

18.06

19.13

20.19

21.25

22.31

23.38

24.44

25.50

26.56

27.63

28.69

29.75

30.81

31.88

32.94

34.00

35.06

36.13

37.19

38.25

4.50

9.00

10.13

11.25

12.38

13.50

14.63

15.75

16.88

18.00

19.13

20.25

21.38

22.50

23.63

24.75

25.88

27.00

28.13

29.25

30.38

31.50

32.63

33.75

34.88

36.00

37.13

38.25

39.38

40.50

41.63

42.75

4.75

10.69

11.88

13.06

14.25

15.44

16.63

17.81

19.00

20.19

21.38

22.56

23.75

24.94

26.13

27.31

28.50

29.69

30.88

32.06

33.25

34.44

35.63

36.81

38.00

39.19

40.38

41.56

42.75

43.94

45.13

46.31

47.50

5.00

11.25

12.50

13.75

15.00

16.25

17.50

18.75

20.00

21.25

22.50

23.75

25.00

26.25

27.50

28.75

30.00

31.25

32.50

33.75

35.00

36.25

37.50

38.75

40.00

41.25

42.50

43.75

45.00

46.25

47.50

48.75

50.00

52.50

55.00

5.25

13.13

14.44

15.75

17.06

18.38

19.69

21.00

22.31

23.63

24.94

26.25

27.56

28.88

30.19

31.50

32.81

34.13

35.44

36.75

38.06

39.38

40.69

42.00

43.31

44.63

45.94

47.25

48.56

49.88

51.19

52.50

55.13

57.75

63.00

5.50

13.75

15.13

16.50

17.88

19.25

20.63

22.00

23.38

24.75

26.13

27.50

28.88

30.25

31.63

33.99

34.38

35.75

37.13

38.50

39.88

41.25

42.63

44.00

45.38

46.75

48.13

49.50

50.88

52.25

53.63

55.00

57.75

60.50

66.00

5.75

15.81

17.25

18.69

20.13

21.56

23.00

24.44

25.88

27.31

28.75

30.19

31.63

33.06

34.50

35.94

37.38

38.81

40.25

41.69

43.13

44.56

46.00

47.44

48.88

50.31

51.75

53.19

54.63

56.06

57.50

60.38

63.25

69.00

6.00

16.50

18.00

19.50

21.00

22.50

24.00

25.50

27.00

28.50

30.00

31.50

33.00

34.50

36.00

37.50

39.00

40.50

42.00

43.50

45.00

46.50

48.00

49.50

51.00

52.50

54.00

55.50

57.00

58.50

60.00

63.00

66.00

72.00

6.25

18.75

20.31

21.88

23.44

25.00

26.56

28.13

29.69

31.25

32.81

34.38

35.94

37.50

39.06

40.63

42.19

43.75

45.31

46.88

48.44

50.00

51.56

53.13

54.69

56.25

57.81

59.38

60.94

62.50

65.63

68.75

75.00

6.50

19.50

21.13

22.75

24.38

26.00

27.63

29.25

30.88

32.50

34.13

35.75

37.38

39.00

40.63

42.25

43.88

45.50

47.13

48.75

50.38

52.00

53.63

55.25

56.88

58.50

60.13

61.75

63.38

65.00

68.25

71.50

78.00

6.75

21.95

23.63

25.31

27.00

28.69

30.38

32.06

33.75

35.44

37.13

38.81

40.50

42.19

43.88

45.56

47.25

48.94

50.63

52.31

54.00

55.69

57.38

59.06

60.75

62.44

64.23

65.81

67.50

70.88

74.25

81.00

7.00

22.75

24.50

26.25

28.00

29.75

31.59

33.25

35.00

36.75

38.50

40.25

42.00

43.75

45.50

47.25

49.00

50.75

52.50

54.25

56.00

57.75

59.50

61.25

63.00

64.75

66.50

68.25

70.00

73.50

77.00

84.00

7.50

26.25

28.13

30.00

31.88

33.75

35.63

37.50

39.38

41.25

43.13

45.00

46.88

48.75

50.63

52.50

54.38

56.25

58.13

60.00

61.88

63.75

65.63

67.50

69.38

71.25

73.13

75.00

78.75

82.50

90.00

8.00

28.00

30.00

32.00

34.00

36.00

38.00

40.00

42.00

44.00

46.00

48.00

50.00

52.00

54.00

56.00

58.00

60.00

62.00

64.00

66.00

68.00

70.00

72.00

74.00

76.00

78.00

80.00

84.00

88.00

96.00

8.50

31.88

34.00

36.13

38.25

40.38

42.50

44.63

46.75

48.88

51.00

53.13

55.25

57.38

59.59

61.63

63.75

65.88

68.00

70.13

72.25

74.38

76.50

78.63

80.75

82.88

85.00

89.25

93.50

102.0

09.00

33.75

36.00

38.25

40.50

42.75

45.00

47.25

49.50

51.75

54.00

56.25

58.50

60.75

63.00

65.25

67.50

69.75

72.00

74.25

76.50

78.75

81.00

83.25

85.50

87.75

90.00

94.50

99.00

108.0

0

9.50

38.00

40.38

42.75

45.13

47.50

49.88

52.25

54.63

57.00

59.38

61.75

64.13

66.50

68.88

71.25

73.63

76.00

78.38

80.75

83.13

85.50

87.88

90.25

92.63

95.00

99.75

104.5

011

4.00

10.0

40.00

42.50

45.00

47.50

50.00

52.50

55.00

57.50

60.00

62.50

65.00

67.50

70.00

72.50

75.00

77.50

80.00

82.50

85.00

87.50

90.00

92.50

95.00

97.50

100.0

0

105.0

011

0.00

120.0

0

10.5

44.63

47.25

49.88

52.50

55.13

57.75

60.38

63.00

65.63

68.25

70.88

73.50

76.13

78.75

81.38

84.00

86.63

89.25

91.88

94.50

97.13

99.75

102.3

810

5.00

110.2

511

5.50

126.0

0

Loading Density (kg) & Rock Volume (m3)

Kilo

gram

s of

Exp

losi

ve P

er M

eter

of B

last

hole

= 0

.000

7854

x E

xplo

sive

Dia

met

er2 x

Loa

ding

Den

sity

Cub

ic M

eter

s of

Roc

k pe

r Met

er o

f Bla

stho

le =

Bur

den

x S

paci

ng x

1 M

eter

Load

ing

Den

sity

(g/c

c)

Exp

losi

veD

iam

eter

0.

50 0.10

0.13

0.17

0.22

0.27

0.32

0.38

0.45

0.52

0.60

0.68

0.86

1.06

1.29

1.53

2.09

2.72

3.08

3.45

4.26

5.15

5.39

6.13

6.65

7.19

7.76

9.26

10.60

10.90

13.80

16.60

19.20

25.50

38.30

mm 19.1

22.2

25.4

28.6

31.8

34.9

38.1

41.3

44.5

47.6

50.8

57.2

63.5

69.9

76.2

88.9

101.6

108.0

114.3

127.0

139.7

142.9

152.4

158.8

165.1

171.5

187.3

200.0

203.2

228.6

250.8

269.9

311.2

381.0

0.75 0.1

40.2

00.2

60.3

20.4

00.4

80.5

70.6

70.7

80.9

01.0

21.2

91.6

01.9

32.3

03.1

34.0

94.6

15.1

76.3

87.7

38.0

89.1

99.9

810

.8011

.6013

.9015

.8016

.3020

.7024

.9028

.8038

.3057

.50

0.82 0.1

60.2

10.2

80.3

50.4

40.5

30.6

30.7

40.8

60.9

81.1

21.4

11.7

52.1

12.5

13.4

24.4

75.0

45.6

56.9

88.4

58.8

310

.1010

.9011

.8012

.7015

.2017

.3017

.9022

.6027

.2031

.5041

.9062

.80

0.85 0.1

60.2

20.2

90.3

70.4

50.5

50.6

50.7

60.8

91.0

21.1

61.4

71.8

12.1

92.6

03.5

54.6

35.2

35.8

67.2

48.7

69.1

610

.411

.312

.213

.215

.717

.918

.523

.428

.232

.743

.465

.1

0.90 0.1

70.2

30.3

10.3

90.4

80.5

80.6

90.8

10.9

41.0

81.2

31.5

51.9

22.3

22.7

63.7

54.9

05.5

46.2

17.6

69.2

79.7

011

.0012

.0012

.9014

.0016

.7019

.0019

.6024

.8029

.9034

.6046

.0069

.00

Poun

ds o

f Exp

losi

ve p

er F

oot o

f Bla

stho

le

0.95 0.1

80.2

50.3

20.4

10.5

10.6

10.7

30.8

50.9

91.1

41.2

91.6

42.0

22.4

52.9

13.9

65.1

85.8

46.5

58.0

99.7

910

.2011

.6012

.6013

.7014

.7017

.6020

.1020

.70 26.2

31.50

36.50

48.50

72.80

1.00 0.1

90.2

60.3

40.4

30.5

30.6

40.7

70.9

01.0

41.2

01.3

61.7

22.1

32.5

83.0

64.1

75.4

56.1

56.9

08.5

110

.3010

.8012

.3013

.3014

.4015

.5018

.5021

.1021

.8027

.6033

.2038

.4051

.1076

.60

1.05 0.2

00.2

70.3

60.4

50.5

60.6

80.8

00.9

41.0

91.2

61.4

31.8

12.2

32.7

03.2

24.3

85.7

26.4

67.2

48.9

410

.8011

.3012

.9014

.0015

.1016

.3019

.4022

.2022

.9029

.0034

.9040

.4053

.7080

.40

1.10 0.2

10.2

90.3

70.4

70.5

90.7

10.8

40.9

91.1

51.3

21.5

01.9

02.3

42.8

33.3

74.5

95.9

96.7

77.5

89.3

611

.3011

.9013

.5014

.6015

.8017

.1020

.4023

.2024

.0030

.3036

.5042

.3056

.2084

.30

1.15 0.2

20.3

00.3

90.5

00.6

10.7

40.8

81.0

31.2

01.3

81.5

71.9

82.4

52.9

63.5

24.8

06.2

77.0

77.9

39.7

911

.8012

.4014

.1015

.3016

.5017

.8021

.3024

.3025

.1031

.7038

.2044

.2058

.8088

.10

1.20 0.2

30.3

10.4

10.5

20.6

40.7

70.9

21.0

81.2

51.4

41.6

32.0

72.5

53.0

93.6

85.0

16.5

47.3

88.2

710

.2012

.4012

.9014

.7016

.0017

.3018

.6022

.2025

.3026

.2033

.1039

.8046

.1061

.3091

.90

1.25 0.2

40.3

30.4

30.5

40.6

70.8

00.9

61.1

21.3

01.5

01.7

02.1

52.6

63.2

23.8

35.2

16.8

17.6

98.6

210

.6012

.9013

.5015

.3016

.6018

.0019

.4023

.2026

.4027

.2034

.5041

.5048

.0063

.9095

.80

1.30 0.2

50.3

40.4

40.5

60.6

90.8

41.0

01.1

71.3

61.5

61.7

72.2

42.7

73.3

53.9

85.4

27.0

88.0

08.9

611

.1013

.4014

.0015

.9017

.3018

.7020

.2024

.1027

.5028

.3035

.9043

.2050

.0066

.4099

.60

1.35 0.2

60.3

50.4

60.5

80.7

20.8

71.0

31.2

11.4

11.6

21.8

42.3

32.8

73.4

84.1

45.6

37.3

58.3

09.3

111

.5013

.9014

.5016

.5018

.0019

.4020

.9025

.0028

.5029

.4037

.2044

.8051

.9069

.0010

3.00

1.40 0.2

70.3

60.4

80.6

00.7

40.9

01.0

71.2

61.4

61.6

81.9

12.4

12.9

83.6

14.2

95.8

47.6

38.6

19.6

511

.9014

.4015

.1017

.2018

.6020

.1021

.7025

.9029

.6030

.5038

.6046

.5053

.8071

.5010

7.00

1.45 0.2

80.3

80.4

90.6

20.7

70.9

31.1

11.3

01.5

11.7

41.9

72.5

03.0

93.7

34.4

46.0

57.9

08.9

210

.0012

.3014

.9015

.6017

.8019

.3020

.9022

.5026

.9030

.6031

.6040

.0048

.1055

.7074

.1011

1.00

1.50 0.2

90.3

90.5

10.6

50.8

00.9

71.1

51.3

51.5

61.8

02.0

42.5

93.1

93.8

64.6

06.2

68.1

79.2

310

.3012

.8015

.5016

.2018

.4020

.0021

.6023

.3027

.8031

.7032

.7041

.4049

.8057

.7076

.6011

5.00

1.54 0.2

90.4

00.5

20.6

60.8

20.9

91.1

81.3

81.6

11.8

42.1

02.6

53.2

83.9

74.7

26.4

28.3

99.4

710

.6013

.1015

.9016

.6018

.9020

.5022

.2023

.9028

.5032

.5033

.6042

.5051

.1059

.2078

.7011

8.00

inche

s

0.750

0.875

1.000

1.125

1.250

1.375

1.500

1.625

1.750

1.875

2.000

2.250

2.500

2.750

3.000

3.500

4.000

4.250

4.500

5.000

5.500

5.625

6.000

6.250

6.500

6.750

7.375

7.875

8.000

9.000

9.875

10.62

512

.250

15.00

0

Bur

den

(feet

) S

paci

ng(fe

et)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

Cub

ic Y

ards

of R

ock

per F

oot o

f Bla

stho

le

2 0.15

0.22

0.30

0.37

0.44

0.52

0.59

0.67

0.74

3 0.22

0.33

0.44

0.55

0.67

0.78

0.89

1.00

1.11

1.22

1.33

4 0.30

0.44

0.59

0.74

0.89

1.04

1.19

1.33

1.48

1.63

1.78

1.93

2.07

5 0.37

0.56

0.74

0.93

1.11

1.30

1.48

1.67

1.85

2.04

2.22

2.41

2.59

2.78

2.96

6 0.44

0.67

0.89

1.11

1.33

1.56

1.78

2.00

2.22

2.44

2.67

2.89

3.11

3.33

3.56

3.78

4.00

7 0.52

0.78

1.04

1.30

1.56

1.81

2.07

2.33

2.59

2.85

3.11

3.37

3.63

3.89

4.15

4.41

4.67

4.93

5.19

8 0.59

0.89

1.19

1.48

1.78

2.07

2.37

2.67

2.96

3.26

3.56

3.85

4.15

4.44

4.74

5.04

5.33

5.63

5.93

6.22

6.52

9 0.67

1.00

1.33

1.67

2.00

2.33

2.67

3.00

3.33

3.67

4.00

4.33

4.67

5.00

5.33

5.67

6.00

6.33

6.67

7.00

7.33

7.67

8.00

10 0.74

1.11

1.48

1.85

2.22

2.59

2.96

3.33

3.70

4.07

4.44

4.81

5.19

5.56

5.93

6.30

6.67

7.04

7.41

7.78

8.15

8.52

8.89

9.26

9.63

11 1.22

1.63

2.04

2.44

2.85

3.26

3.67

4.07

4.48

4.89

5.30

5.70

6.11

6.52

6.93

7.33

7.74

8.15

8.56

8.96

9.37

9.78

10.19

10.59

11.00

11.41

12 1.33

1.78

2.22

2.67

3.11

3.56

4.00

4.44

4.89

5.33

5.78

6.22

6.67

7.11

7.56

8.00

8.44

8.89

9.33

9.78

10.22

10.67

11.11

11.56

12.00

12.44

12.89

13.33

13 1.93

2.41

2.89

3.37

3.85

4.33

4.81

5.30

5.78

6.26

6.74

7.22

7.70

8.19

8.67

9.15

9.63

10.11

10.59

11.07

11.56

12.04

12.52

13.00

13.48

13.96

14.44

14.93

15.41

14 2.59

3.11

3.63

4.15

4.67

5.19

5.70

6.22

6.74

7.26

7.78

8.30

8.81

9.33

9.85

10.37

10.89

11.41

11.93

12.44

12.96

13.48

14.00

14.52

15.04

15.56

16.07

16.59

17.11

17.63

15 3.33

3.89

4.44

5.00

5.56

6.11

6.67

7.22

7.78

8.33

8.89

9.44

10.00

10.56

11.11

11.67

12.22

12.78

13.33

13.89

14.44

15.00

15.56

16.11

16.67

17.22

17.78

18.33

18.89

19.44

20.00

16 4.15

4.74

5.33

5.93

6.52

7.11

7.70

8.30

8.89

9.48

10.07

10.67

11.26

11.85

12.44

13.04

13.63

14.22

14.81

15.41

16.00

16.59

17.19

17.78

18.37

18.96

19.56

20.15

20.74

21.33

21.93

22.52

17 5.04

5.67

6.30

6.93

7.56

8.19

8.81

9.44

10.07

10.70

11.33

11.96

12.59

13.22

13.85

14.48

15.11

15.74

16.37

17.00

17.63

18.26

18.89

19.52

20.15

20.78

21.41

22.04

22.67

23.30

23.93

24.56

25.19

18 6.67

7.33

8.00

8.67

9.33

10.00

10.67

11.33

12.00

12.67

13.33

14.00

14.67

15.33

16.00

16.67

17.33

18.00

18.67

19.33

20.00

20.67

21.33

22.00

22.67

23.33

24.00

24.67

25.33

26.00

26.67

19 7.74

8.44

9.15

9.85

10.56

11.26

11.96

12.67

13.37

14.07

14.78

15.48

16.19

16.89

17.59

18.30

19.00

19.70

20.41

21.11

21.81

22.52

23.22

23.93

24.63

25.33

26.04

26.74

27.44

28.15

20 8.89

9.63

10.37

11.11

11.85

12.59

13.33

14.07

14.81

15.56

16.30

17.04

17.78

18.52

19.26

20.00

20.74

21.48

22.22

22.96

23.70

24.44

25.19

25.93

26.67

27.41

28.15

28.89

29.63

21 9.33

10.11

10.89

11.67

12.44

13.22

14.00

14.78

15.56

16.33

17.11

17.89

18.67

19.44

20.22

21.00

21.78

22.56

23.33

24.11

24.89

25.67

26.44

27.22

28.00

28.78

29.56

30.33

31.11

22 9.78

10.59

11.41

12.22

13.04

13.85

14.67

15.48

16.30

17.11

17.93

18.74

19.56

20.37

21.19

22.00

22.81

23.63

24.44

25.26

26.07

26.89

27.70

28.52

29.33

30.15

30.96

31.78

32.59

23 10.22

11.07

11.93

12.78

13.63

14.48

15.33

16.19

17.04

17.89

18.74

19.59

20.44

21.30

22.15

23.00

23.85

24.70

25.56

26.41

27.26

28.11

28.96

29.81

30.67

31.52

32.37

33.22

34.07

24 11.56

12.44

13.33

14.22

15.11

16.00

16.89

17.78

18.67

19.56

20.44

21.33

22.22

23.11

24.00

24.89

25.78

26.67

27.56

28.44

29.33

30.22

31.11

32.00

32.89

33.78

34.67

35.56

25 12.04

12.96

13.89

14.81

15.74

16.67

17.59

18.52

19.44

20.37

21.30

22.22

23.15

24.07

25.00

25.93

26.85

27.78

28.70

29.63

30.56

31.48

32.41

33.33

34.26

35.19

36.11

37.04

26 13.48

14.44

15.41

16.37

17.33

18.30

19.26

20.22

21.19

22.15

23.11

24.07

25.04

26.00

26.96

27.93

28.89

29.85

30.81

31.78

32.74

33.70

34.67

35.63

36.59

37.56

38.52

27 14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

25.00

26.00

27.00

28.00

29.00

30.00

31.00

32.00

33.00

34.00

35.00

36.00

37.00

38.00

39.00

40.00

28 15.56

16.59

17.63

18.67

19.70

20.74

21.78

22.81

23.85

24.89

25.93

26.96

28.00

29.04

30.07

31.11

32.15

33.19

34.22

35.26

36.30

37.33

38.37

39.41

40.44

41.48

29 16.11

17.19

18.26

19.33

20.41

21.48

22.56

23.63

24.70

25.78

26.85

27.93

29.00

30.07

31.15

32.22

33.30

34.37

35.44

36.52

37.59

38.67

39.74

40.81

41.89

42.96

30 17.78

18.89

20.00

21.11

22.22

23.33

24.44

25.56

26.67

27.78

28.89

30.00

31.11

32.22

33.33

34.44

35.56

36.67

37.78

38.89

40.00

41.11

42.22

43.33

44.44

32 18.96

20.15

21.33

22.52

23.70

24.89

26.07

27.26

28.44

29.63

30.81

32.00

33.19

34.37

35.56

36.74

37.93

39.11

40.30

41.48

42.67

43.85

45.04

46.22

47.41

34 21.41

22.67

23.93

25.19

26.44

27.70

28.96

30.22

31.48

32.74

34.00

35.26

36.52

37.78

39.04

40.30

41.56

42.81

44.07

45.33

46.59

47.85

49.11

50.37

Loading Density (lbs) & Rock Volume (yd3)

Pou

nds

of E

xplo

sive

Per

Foo

t of B

last

hole

= 0

.340

5 x

Exp

losi

ve D

iam

eter

2 x L

oadi

ng D

ensi

tyC

ubic

Yar

ds o

f Roc

k pe

r Foo

t of B

last

hole

=B

urde

n x

Spa

cing

÷ 2

7

Weight of Various Solid Materials

m (meters)m (meters)mm (millimeters)mm (millimeters)cm (centimeters)in (inches)ft (feet)mi (miles statute)mi (miles statute)nm (miles nautical)km (kilometers)

inftmmilsinmmmmftmimi

39.373.2810.00139.37

0.393725.400.305160952801.150.62

joulecaloriekilowatt

0.244.1841.34

caloriejoulehorse-power

cm3 (cc) (cubic cm)in3 (cubic inches)m3 (cubic meters)ft3 (cubic feet)yd3 (cubic yards)Imperial gallonImperial gallonImperial fluid ounces

0.06116.391.31

0.0280.76463.785

0.133729.57

in3

ccyd3

m3

m3

literft3cc

kg (kilograms)grainsgrainsg (grams)oz (ounce)lb (pound)tonne (metric ton)

2.20.0648

0.00014315.4328.35

0.45361.1023

lbg (gram)lbgrainsgkgshort tons

lb / cu ft (pound / ft3)lb / cu ft (pound / ft3)g/cc (gram / cm3)g/cc

160.01602

62.430.8428

kg / m3

g / cm3

lb / ft3tons / yd3

lb / yd3

kg / m3 0.5931.686

kg / m3 lb / yd3

lb / ftg / m (grams / meter)grains / ft

1.48824.7

0.212

kg / mgrains / ftg / m

m / s (meters / sec)ft / s (feet / sec)in / s (inches / sec)km / hour

3.2810.3048

2.540.62

ft / sm / scm / smiles / hr

psi (pound / in2)atm (atmospheres)one ft of H2O @ 15ºCKBarKBar

0.070314.6960.433514,504

105

kg / cm2

psipsipsikPa

ºF (degrees Fahrenheit)ºC (degrees Celcius)

-32º x 0.556x 1.8 + 32º

ºCºF

cm2 (square cm)m2 (square meter)in2 (square inch)ft2 (square feet)acresquare mile

0.15515506.45

0.092943560

640

in2

in2

cm2

m2

ft2acre

Length

Energy

Volume

Mass / Weight

Speed / Velocity / Rate

Density

Powder Factor

Pressure

Temperature

Area

Loading Factor

This Unit → Multiplied by → Equals

Equals ← Divided by ← This Unit

Ashes, soft coal, ordinaryBasaltBauxiteClay, dense, wetCoal, anthraciteCoal, bituminousCopper OreDiabaseDioriteDolomiteEarth, dryEarth, wetEarth, with sand & gravelEarth and rock mixtureGneissGraniteGravel, dryGravel, wetGypsumIron ore, hematiteIron ore, limoniteIron ore, magnetiteLead ore, galenaLimestone, FloridaLimestone, blastedLimestone, marbleLoamMica, schistPhosphate rockQuartziteRock, hard, well blastedRock and stone, crushedSalt, rockSand, drySand, wetSandstoneShale, riprapSlateTalcTraprock

.64 - .722.8 - 3.01.6 - 2.5

1.71.31.12.0

2.6 - 3.02.8 - 3.02.8 - 2.9

1.62.01.8

1.4 - 1.72.6 - 2.9

2.71.92.1

2.3 - 3.34.5 - 5.33.6 - 4.04.9 - 5.2

7.52.52.62.71.6

2.5 - 2.93.2

2.0 - 2.82.4

1.9 - 2.12.1 - 2.6

1.92.22.5

2.4 - 2.82.7 - 2.82.6 - 2.8

3.0

40 - 45175 - 187100 - 156

1068169

125162 - 187175 - 187175 - 181

100125112

87 - 106162 - 181

169119131

144 - 206281 - 331225 - 250306 - 325

468155162169100

156 - 181200

125 - 175150

119 - 131131 - 162

119137156

150 - 175169 - 175162 - 175

187

0.539 - 0.6072.359 - 2.5271.348 - 2.106

1.4321.0950.9271.685

2.190 - 2.5272.359 - 2.5272.359 - 2.443

1.3481.6851.516

1.179 - 1.4322.190 - 2.443

2.2741.6011.769

1.938 - 2.7803.791 - 4.4653.033 - 3.3704.128 - 4.380

6.3182.0892.1902.2741.348

2.106 - 2.4432.696

1.685 - 2.3592.022

1.601 - 1.7691.769 - 2.190

1.6011.8532.106

2.022 - 2.3592.274 - 2.3592.190 - 2.359

2.527

8-

3333353535---

25251830-

651214-----

15717120---

5035-

12-

50333050-

0.93-

0.750.750.740.740.74

---

0.80.8

0.850.77

-0.620.890.88

-----

0.650.600.600.83

---

0.670.74

-0.89

-0.790.750.770.67

-

0.501 - 0.564-

1.011 - 1.5801.0740.8100.6861.247

---

1.0781.3481.289

0.908 - 1.103-

1.4101.4241.557

-----

1.3581.3141.3651.119

---

1.3551.184 - 1.309

-1.424

-1.664

1.516 - 1.7691.751 - 1.8161.467 - 1.580

-

Material Specific Gravity

WeightLbs / Cubic Ft

WeightTons / Cubic Yd

Percentof Swell

SwellFactor

Loose WeightTons / Cubic Yd

This Unit → Multiplied by → Equals

Equals ← Divided by ← This Unit

Unit of Measure Conversions

Blast Design Terminology

Hole - to - CrestApparent Burden*Apparent Spacing*Hole DiameterBack BreakSide Break

CrestCrest BurdenBank AngleToeBench HeightHole Depth

Explosive Column HeightSubdrillingToe BurdenStemmingDrill Hole Collar

ABCDEF

GHIJKL

MNPQR

* True Burden and True Spacing may be different than Apparent Burden and Apparent Spacing due to delay pattern.

DefinitionsAirblast The airborne shock wave or acoustic transient generated by an explosion.Backbreak Rock broken beyond the limits of the last row of blastholes. Same as overbreak.Blast Area The area of the blast within the influence of flying rock, gases, and concussion.Blaster-In-Charge The blaster who is in charge of and responsible for the design, loading and firing of a blast at a specific job site.Blast Site The area where explosive material is handled during loading of blastholes including 50 feet in all directions from the perimeter formed by loaded blastholes.Blasting Agent A mixture intended for blasting that cannot be detonated with a No. 8 detonator when unconfined and has very little probability of detonation under normal conditions in transport.Blasting Log A written record of information about a specific blast as may be required by law.Bootleg The end of a blasthole remaining when the explosion does not break the rock completely.Booster An explosive charge in the initiation sequence between the initiator and main charge.Borehole Pressure The pressure which the gasses of detonation exert on the borehole wall.Burden The linear dimension between the blasthole and the nearest free face.Critical Diameter The minimum diameter for propagation of a stable detonation.Cutoff A break in the path of detonation or initiation caused by extraneous interference. Date-Shift Code A code required by the BATF on explosives packaging to aid in identification.Decoupling The use of explosives having a smaller volume than the volume of the blasthole.Deflagration An explosive reaction that moves at a velocity less than the speed of sound.Delay Blasting Use of delay detonators or connectors to separate charges by a defined time.

Detonation An explosive reaction that moves at a velocity greater than the speed of sound.Detonation Pressure The pressure produced in the reaction zone of a detonating explosive.Detonation Velocity The speed at which a detonation progresses through an explosive.Detonator Sensitive Explosive An explosive that detonates with a No. 8 detonator when unconfined. Same as Cap Sensitive Explosive.Effective Burden The distance between a blasthole and the position of the nearest free face at the time of detonation of the blasthole, taking into consideration the direction of initiation.Effective Spacing The linear dimension between successively detonating blastholes, taking into consideration the direction of initiation.Electric Detonator A detonator that is initiated by electric current.Electronic Detonator A detonator that utilizes stored electrical energy to power an electronic timing element and to fire the base charge.Emulsion Explosive A stabilized dispersion of small droplets of an aqueous oxidizer solution (the internal phase) surrounded by a continuous oil and/or wax external phase, which is sensitized by air voids or sensitizing agents.Explosive Density The mass of an explosive per unit of volume, expressed in g/cc or lbs/ft3.Free Face A rock surface that provides the rock with room to expand when blasted.Flyrock Rocks propelled from the blast area by the force of an explosion.Fumes The gaseous products of an explosion. To determine fume classification of explosive materials, only poisonous or toxic gases are considered.Gap Sensitivity The gap across which a detonation will travel to initiate a second charge.Ground Vibration Shaking of the ground by elastic waves emanating from a blast; usually measured in inches per second of particle velocity.Hangfire The detonation of an explosive charge some time after its expected firing time.Highwall A nearly vertical face at the edge of the bench, bluff or ledge on a surface excavation.Initiation The start of deflagration or detonation in an explosive by any means.Misfire A blast, explosive charge or specific blastholes that failed to detonate as planned.Nonelectric Detonator A detonator that does not require the use of electric energy to function.Overbreak Rock broken beyond the limits of the last row of holes. Same as backbreak.Permissible Explosives approved for use in gassy and dusty atmospheres, usually underground.Preblast Survey Documentation of the existing condition of structures near an area to be blasted.Repumpable Emulsion A previously manufactured bulk emulsion with sufficient shelf life and flu-idity to be pumped, with reasonable pressures, through a hose without deterioration in performance.RF Energy The energy radiated as electromagnetic waves in the radio frequency spectrum.Primer A unit of explosives containing a detonator used to initiate other explosives.Presplit A controlled blast in which decoupled charges are fired in blastholes on the perimeter of the excavation prior to firing the main charge to prevent backbreak (overbreak).Relative Bulk Strength (RBS) The energy per unit volume of an explosive compared to ANFO when ANFO = 1.00 at a density of 0.82 g/cc.Relative Weight Strength (RWS) The energy per unit mass of an explosive compared to ANFO when ANFO = 1.00 at a density of 0.82 g/cc.Scaled Distance A factor relating blast effects from explosive charges at various distances.Shelf Life The maximum storage period during which an explosive retains adequate performance.Shunt The shorting together of the free ends of electric detonator legwires or a blasting circuit.Steady State Velocity The final velocity of detonation achieved by a specific explosive at a given diameter, density and degree of confinement.Stemming Inert material (crushed rock) used to confine the gasses generated during detonation.Swell Factor The ratio of the volume of broken rock to the volume of in-situ rock.Watergel Explosive A thickened (and optionally crosslinked) aqueous oxidizer solution contain-ing dissolved and/or dispersed fuels, which is sensitized by air voids or sensitizing additives.

Blast Design Terminology & Formulas

PPV = ( )1.6 x H√pounds per delay

feet to seismograph

Scaled Distance

DS = D√W

D = DS x √W

W = ( )2DDS

or

or

The adjoining table provides the maximum pounds of explosives that can be detonated within an 8 millisecond delay at the given dis-tances, without monitoring, according to the Of-fice of Surface Mining (OSM) recommendations.

255075

100150200250300301350400500600700800900

1,0002,0003,0004,0005,0005,0016,000

10,000

Distance DS = 50(0 - 300 ft)

DS = 55(301 - 5,000 ft)

DS = 65(5,001 ft +)

0.251.002.254.009.00

16.0025.0036.00

29405282

119161211267330

1,3222,9755,2898,264

5,9198,520

23,668

Where DS = Scaled Distance D = Distance (ft) to nearest structure W = Weight of explosives (lbs) maximum per delay

Expected Ground VibrationWhen an explosive is detonated in the ground, three types of seismic waves are generated; com-pressive, shear and surface. These waves can result in structure response and on rare occasions, structure damage. Extensive research has provided for safe blasting criteria based on peak particle velocity measured from the wave event. Peak particle velocity (PPV) values can be estimated using the following formulas.

Where: PPV = Peak particle velocity (in/sec) H = Ground response factor

“H” Factors Lower limit, little or no confinement 24.2Average value, typical confinement 160Upper limit, heavy confinement 242

Where: PPV = Peak particle velocity (mm/sec) H = Ground response factor

“H” Factors Lower limit, little or no confinement 172Average value, typical confinement 1140Upper limit, heavy confinement 1725

PPV = ( )1.6 x H√kilograms per delay

meters to seismograph

MetricImperial

Blast Design Terminology & Formulas

Wet Hole Calculations

To determine the final height of water in the borehole when the top of the last cartridge is at water level

To determine the number of cartridges needed to build out of borehole water

FH = Final height of water in feetHO = Original height of water in feetDB = Diameter of borehole in inchesDE = Diameter of explosive package in inches

NE = Number of cartridges neededFH = Final height of borehole water rise (from equation 1)LE = Length of cartridge in inches

1. 2.

FH = HO x DB2

DB2 - DE

2NE =

FH x 12LE

Safe Level Blasting Criteria

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