Exploring the Universe
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Transcript of Exploring the Universe
Exploring the Universe
Harcourt ScienceUnit D
Chapter 4
Mrs.Strand6th grade Lockwood Middle School
Life Cycle of Stars
• Terms– Fusion– Main sequence– Nebula– Nova– Supernova
Life Cycle of Stars
• Brightness of stars– Distance affects the brightness of stars– What we see is called the apparent
magnitude– Absolute magnitude is a measurement of the
brightness as if the distance from the earth was 32.6 light years away. A uniform distance, so it’s the real brightness.
– Besides the sun, the brightest star is Sirius
Types of Stars• All stars are made up of hot, glowing
gases• Stars can appear red, blue or yellow
based on surface temperature– Hottest stars are blue, coolest are red– Hertzspurg-Russel diagram classifies stars
• 90° of stars are called the main sequence• Other stars include red giants, supergiants, and
dwarfs
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http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rhill/alpo/images/
Birth & Death of StarsStars form in huge, cool, dark clouds of dust
and gases. When there is enough matter, the particles fuse into nebula.This fusion is where the stars get their energy. The centers are called protostars and determine how the star starts its life.
The mass may be really hot which leads to high-mass blue stars.The mass may be cool which leads to low-mass red stars.The mass also determines how the star will die.
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http://www.phobos.pcm.hr/slike/Helix%20Nebula%20NGC7293.jpg
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Birth & Death of Stars
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http://www.seasky.org/cosmic/assets/images/starlife.jpg
Types of Stars
• Terms– Galaxy– Galactic cluster
Types of starlight• Knowledge about stars is indirect based
upon electromagnetic radiation (light & sound,infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, x-rays)
• Stars are viewed with telescopes, radio-wave receivers, and x-rays
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http://www.yorku.ca/eye/spectru.htm
What are galaxies?
• A large system of stars• Our galaxy has our sun and billions of stars• Our galaxy is 100,000 light-years across• Other galaxies include Andromeda, but
there are billions!
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groups_and_clusters_of_galaxies
Shapes of galaxies
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http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/gal_class.html
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http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/gal_class.html
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http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/galaxies.php
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http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/ngc/lmc.html
Models of the Universe
• The universe is everything that exists!• How do we know how big it really is?
• What do we know about black holes?
How do we study space?
• Terms:– Refracting telescope– Reflecting telescope
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http://www.eurocosm.com/Application/images/telescopes/675-telescope-lg.jpg
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Refracting & Reflecting telescopes
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http://www.indepthinfo.com/telescopes/reflecting-telescopes.shtml
Optical telescopes
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How do we study space?• People used to navigate
by the starswe are always wanting to know where we come from and where we are going
• Galileo developed a refracting telescope
• 60 years later, Newton developed a reflecting telescope
People VS No People
• What are some potential problems with people in space?
• What are some things that only people can do in space?
Click Here for Timeline ofSpace Exploration
Advanced Telescopes
• Very sensitive instruments• Hubble Space Telescope• Compton Gamma Ray Observatory• Cosmic Background Explorer• Radio Telescopes
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http://quest.nasa.gov/hst/photo.html
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http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l2/emspectrum.html
Investigate Further