Exploring the Relationship between ADHD, Drug Use & Fatty Acid Deficiency

8/3/2019 Exploring the Relationship between ADHD, Drug Use & Fatty Acid Deficiency

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Io `svhkqi}gko kd }c` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò

IMCM rwnv}knkhkjw( q`bqì}gkoih mqpj pr` iom

di}}w ibgm m`dgbgòbw go i okqnih vkvphi}gko/

Mgkoo` Ioj`hi Mkoo`hhw

Nkmph`< VRWB2=6 . Q`rìqbc Vqkl`b}

Zkqm Bkpo}< =3=6

Rbkq`m< :7



9

Iar}qib}

Q`rìqbc cir rckzo }c`q` gr i q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò gobqìr`m i}}ò}gko.m`dgbg}+cwv`qib}gtg}w

mgrkqm`q #IMCM' rwnv}knr iom gobqìr`m di}}w ibgm m`dgbgòbw rwnv}knr #DIMR'/ Q`rìqbc

ihrk gomgbi}`r i q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò gobqìr`m IMCM rwnv}knr iom gobqìr`m h`t`hr kd mqpj

pr`/ ]c`q` niw ihrk a` i q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom gobqìr`m mqpj pr`/ ]c`r` q`hi}gkorcgvr

z`q` }`r}`m prgoj }cq`` rbih`r5 }c` Zòm`q P}ic qi}goj rbih` #ZPQR'( i DIMR rbih` bqì}`m aw

}c` q`rìqbc`q iom i mqpjr rbih`/ ]c` yp`r}gkooigq` zir mgr}qgap}`m }k io kvvkq}pog}w rinvh` kd

76 pom`qjqimpi}` r}pmò}r #ij`m 93.23' dqkn }c` Okq}c Z`r} kd @ojhiom/ ]c` rbkq`r z`q` }`r}`m

prgoj Vìqrko‛r bkqq`hi}kqw ioihwrgr/ G} zir dkpom }ci} }c`q` zir ok rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgv

a`}z`ò IMCM iom DIMR( okq IMCM iom gobqìr`m mqpj pr`/ O`g}c`q zir }c`q` i rgjogdgbio}

q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom mqpj pr`/ Vkr} ckb }`r}r dkpom rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgvr a`}z`ò

bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj iom ij`( biooiagr pr` iom ij`( iom biooiagr iom bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj/ Dp}pq`

q`rìqbc rckphm a` ign`m i} bqì}goj i nkq` m`}igh`m( mgrbqgngoi}kqw iom q`hgiah` nìrpq` kd

DIMR( iom got`r}gji}goj }c` `dd`b} kd mqpjr ko ivv`}g}` iom }c`q`dkq` di}}w ibgm go}ie`/

Go}qkmpb}gko

Q`rìqbc go}k i}}ò}gko.m`dgbg}+cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q #IMCM' cir `svkr`m i hgoe a`}z`ò

gobqìr`m IMCM rwnv}knr iom m`dgbgò} h`t`hr kd `rrò}gih di}}w ibgmr #bciqib}`qgr`m aw di}}w

ibgm m`dgbgòbw rwnv}knr5 DIMR'( iom a`}z`ò gobqìr`m IMCM rwnv}knr iom gobqìr`m pr`

kd mqpjr/ ]k mi}` }c`q` cir a`ò hg}}h` q`rìqbc go}k zc`}c`q }c`q` gr i hgoe a`}z`ò mqpj pr` iom

DIMR/ ]cgr r}pmw ign`m }k got`r}gji}` }c`r` vk}ò}gih q`hi}gkorcgvr zg}cgo i okqnih vkvphi}gko/



1

]cgr zir mko` prgoj }cq`` rbih`r( }c` rbkq`r kd zcgbc z`q` }`r}`m dkq iow bkqq`hi}gkor a`}z`ò

IMCM iom DIMR( IMCM iom mqpj pr`( iom DIMR iom mqpj pr`/

I}}ò}gko M`dgbg}+Cwv`qib}gtg}w Mgrkqm`q #IMCM' gr bknnkohw tg`z`m ir i bcghmckkm mgrkqm`q/

]cgr gr q`dh`b}`m go }c` MRN.GT.]Q mgijokr}gb bqg}`qgi #Rcgdqgo( Vqkb}kq $ Vq`ti}}( 1696'/

Ckz`t`q( rwnv}knr v`qrgr} go}k imph}ckkm go pv }k :6 v`q bò} kd bir`r #Bkqng`q( 16635 r`` ihrk(

Rgoo $ Aqwio( 166:'/ ]c`r` rwnv}knr gobhpm` m`t`hkvnò}ihhw goivvqkvqgi}` h`t`hr kd

goi}}ò}gko #In`qgbio Vrwbcgi}qgb Irrkbgi}gko( 977=( Bg}`m go MpViph( `} ih/( 1669' zcgbc

vq`rò}r g}r`hd ir vqkbqir}goi}gko( kt`qqìb}gko }k dqpr}qi}gko( vkkq nk}gti}gko iom }gn`.

nioij`nò} mgddgbph}g`r #Mitgmrko( 16635 r`` ihrk( Ag`m`qnio( 1660'/

]c` cgjc`r} IMCM vq`tihòb` qi}`r iq` dkpom go bkpo}qg`r zg}c i hiqj`q it`qij` gobkn` #rpbc ir

}c` PE' }cio }ckr` bkpo}qg`r zg}c i rnihh`q gobkn` #Diwwim `} ih/( 166:'/ IMCM rwnv}knr iq`

1.2 }gn`r nkq` hge`hw }k a` dkpom go nih`r }cio d`nih`r #Mitgmr `} ih/( 16605 Rgoo $ Aqwio(

166:5 Zòm`q( Zkhd $ Zirr`qr}`go( 1669'/ Go }c` PR( imph} vq`tihòb` qi}`r tiqw a`}z`ò 2 iom

0 v`q bò} #E`rrh`q `} ih/( 1664' zg}c rgnghiq h`t`hr dkpom go k}c`q Z`r}`qo bkpo}qg`r #Diqiko`(

R`qjìo}( Jghha`qj $ Ag`m`qnio( 1662'/ Ckz`t`q( i nkq` q`bò} n`}i.ioihwrgr dkpom }c`

vq`tihòb` qi}` }k a` hkz`q( i} 1/0 v`q bò} #Rgnko( B|kakq( Aéhgo}( Nçr|éqkr $ Ag}}`q( 1667'/

Mgdd`qòb`r go vq`tihòb` `r}gni}`r iq` }ckpjc} }k a` mp` }k }c` hibe kd i r}iomiqmgr`m nìrpq`

kd imph} IMCM #E`rrh`q `} ih/( 1664'/ Rwnv}knr kd IMCM bio ihrk a` dkpom go }c` okqnih

vkvphi}gko( i} i rpa.mgijokrgr h`t`h #Vihkw`hgr( Irc`qrko( $ Epo}rg( 1667'/ ]cgr nìor }ci} i



2

cpj` opna`q kd v`kvh` niw a` idd`b}`m aw rpbc rwnv}knr ap} mk ok} q`b`gt` c`hv go bkvgoj

zg}c }c`n a`bipr` }c`w mk ok} rpqvirr }c` }cq`rckhm dkq mgijokrgr/

]c` iakt` imph} vq`tihòb` qi}`r niw a` rk hkz mp` }k vqkah`nr zg}c }c` mgijokr}gb bqg}`qgi5 }c`

bqg}`qgi dkq bcghmckkm mgijokrgr niw a` }kk r}qgb} kq m`t`hkvnò}ihhw goivvqkvqgi}` }k a` pr`m dkq

imph}r #Mitgmrko( 1663'/ Rk( q`mpb}gko kd rwnv}knr go imph}ckkm bkphm `g}c`q a` mp` }k

q`ngrrgko kq m`bqìr`m nìrpq`nò} ròrg}gtg}w #gagm5 r`` ihrk Bhpq` `} ih/( 9777'/ G} gr dkq rpbc

qìrkor }ci} imph} rbih`r cit` a`ò bqì}`m/ ]c` nilkqg}w kd }c`r` rbih`r gotkht` }c` imph} r`hd.

q`vkq}goj ko }c`gq rwnv}knr #Liberko $ Diqqpjgi( 977:( bg}`m go MpViph `} ih/( 1669'/ Ko` rbih`

zcgbc p}ghgr`r rpbc r`hd.q`vkq} gr }c` Zòm`q P}ic Qi}goj Rbih` #ZPQR'/ ]cgr rbih` cir a`ò

q`hgiahw dkpom }k a` ròrg}gt` go m`}`b}goj IMCM #NbBioo( Rbc``h`( Ziqm $ Qkw.Awqo`( 1666'/

]c` rbih` irer yp`r}gkor q`hi}goj }k }c` rwnv}knr ok}`m iakt`( rpbc ir ‘///mk wkp vp} }cgojr kdd(

vqkbqir}goi}`;„ #Yp`r}gko 12( r`` Ivvòmgs 2'/ ]c`q`dkq` }cgr rbih` zir pr`m go }cgr r}pmw ir g} gr

iah` }k irr`rr imph} rwnv}knr go i nkq` m`t`hkvnò}ihhw ivvqkvqgi}` ziw }cio k}c`q rbih`r/

IMCM cir a`ò dkpom }k a` bknkqagm zg}c niow k}c`q vrwbckhkjgbih mgrkqm`qr #Rciqv(

NbYpghhgo $ Jpqhgoj( 16675 r`` ihrk( Biqqkhh $ Qkporitghh`( 97725 Ngh}`( Rgoo $ Ckz`( 16675

Rvòb`q `} ih/( 1696'( rpbc ir mwrh`sgi iom mwrvqisgi #Qgbciqmrko( 166='/ Ko` kd }c` nkr}

r}pmg`m bknkqagm q`hi}gkorcgvr gr zg}c rpar}iob` pr` mgrkqm`qr #RPMr' #NbIz`òw( Qkj`qr(

Cpmmh`r}ko( Nkkq` $ Jò}h`( 1696'/ G} cir a`ò dkpom }ci} gomgtgmpihr zck iq` rpar}iob`

iapr`qr iq` bkorgm`qiahw nkq` hge`hw }k cit` bknkqagm IMCM #Ag`m`qnio( 16605 r`` ihrk(

Aiqeh`w( Dgrbc`q( Rnihhgrc( $ Dh`}bc`q( 166=5 Mitgmr `} ih/( 16605 Ngh}`( Rgoo $ Ckz`( 1667'/



=

Rkn` `r}gni}gkor r}i}` }ci} }c` qgre kd m`t`hkvgoj i rpar}iob` pr` mgrkqm`q go }ckr` zg}c IMCM

gr mkpah` }ci} dkq }c` okqnih vkvphi}gko #Zghòr( 1664'( zg}c ko` viq}gbphiq r}pmw `r}gni}goj g} }k

a` 20.00 v`q bò} #Zghòr `} ih/( 166:'/ ]cgr opna`q gr kohw dkq }ckr` zck iq` ib}pihhw mgijokr`m

zg}c IMCM iom RPM( ok} }ckr` zck mgrvhiw rpa.mgijokrgr rwnv}knr/ ]c`q`dkq` g} gr gnvkq}io}

}k r}pmw ckz }c`r` }zk tiqgiah`r go}`qib}( g/`/ gd }c`w q`hi}` }k ko` iok}c`q go i okqnih vkvphi}gko(

ok} lpr} i} `s}q`n` h`t`hr/

]c` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò IMCM iom mqpj pr` cir a`ò dkpom }k a` i ag.mgq`b}gkoih ko` #Zghòr

`} ih/( 166:' iom }cgr gr dpq}c`q bknvhgbi}`m aw }c` dib} }ci} rkn` rwnv}knr kd IMCM iq` rgnghiq

}k }ckr` r`ò go RPMr( gobhpmgoj( ap} ok} hgng}`m }k( q`r}h`rro`rr( vkkq q`rvkor` gocgag}gko iom

gnvphrgtg}w #NbIz`òw `} ih/( 1696' iom gnvigq`m rkbgih dpob}gkogoj #Rphhgtio $ Qpmoge.H`tgo(

1669'/ Gd rwnv}knr kd `g}c`q IMCM kq RPM iq` ok} q`bkjogr`m( kq ko` gr ngr}ieò dkq }c` k}c`q(

v`kvh`‛r ypihg}w kd hgd` bio a` q`mpb`m #Zghòr $ Dprghhk( 166:'/ ]c`q`dkq`( g} gr gnvkq}io} }k

cgjchgjc} }ci} }c`q` gr io go}`qib}gko a`}z`ò }c`r` tiqgiah`r iom ko` niw `sib`qai}` kq i}}òpi}`

}c` k}c`q/

Apqe`( Hkà`q( $ Hic`w #1669' dkpom }ci} :3 v`q bò} kd viq}gbgvio}r zg}c IMCM q`vkq}`m

rnkegoj bgjiq`}}`r kq biooiagr( mqgoegoj ihbkckh kq }iegoj k}c`q mqpjr #r`` ihrk( Hina`q} $

Ciq}rkpjc( 9773'/ ]ckr` zg}c IMCM iom RPM iq` prpihhw wkpoj`q iom cit` q`b`gt`m h`rr

dkqnih `mpbi}gko #NbIz`òw `} ih/( 1696'/ ]cgr niw vkr` i vqkah`n dkq }c` bpqqò} r}pmw ir }c`

viq}gbgvio}r iq` ihh pogt`qrg}w r}pmò}r( rk g} gr hge`hw }c`w zghh vq`rò} zg}c d`z`q rwnv}knr/ Go

jò`qih( }c`q` gr i mìq}c kd rwr}`ni}gb godkqni}gko iakp} ckz IMCM rwnv}knkhkjw gr



0

`svq`rr`m go imph}r #Bhpq` `} ih/( 9777'( iom nkq` viq}gbphiqhw go }c` pogt`qrg}w vkvphi}gko

#MpViph `} ih/( 1669'/ ]cgr r}pmw zghh c`hv imm }k }cgr godkqni}gko aw vq`rò}goj mi}i iakp} }c`

`s}ò} kd IMCM rwnv}knr dkpom go }cgr vkvphi}gko/

Zcò rwnv}knr iq` a`hkz }c` h`t`h o`b`rriqw dkq mgijokrgr( m`rvg}` biprgoj vqkah`nr dkq }c`

gomgtgmpih( }c`w iq` kd}ò h`d} po}qì}`m/ Bkor`ypò}hw( gobqìr`m mqpj pr` go }ckr` zg}c IMCM

rwnv}knr niw a` r`ò ir io i}}`nv} }k r`hd.n`mgbi}` #Biqqkhh $ Qkporitghh`( 97725 Hina`q} $

Ciq}rkpjc( 97735 Rphhgtio $ Qpmoge.H`tgo( 16695 Zghòr $ Dprghhk( 166:'/ ]cgr gr bcg`dhw

a`hg`t`m a`bipr` kohw i ypiq}`q kd rpal`b}r zg}c IMCM q`vkq} prgoj mqpjr dkq }c`gq ‟cgjc‛

#Zghòr `} ih/( 166:'/ Rgnghiqhw( rnkegoj #zcgbc mk`r ok} q`rph} go i ‟cgjc‛ iom gr vqktò }k a`

m`}qgnò}ih }k cìh}c' gr ihrk bhkr`hw hgoe`m }k IMCM5 =9.=1 v`q bò} kd }c` imph} IMCM

vkvphi}gko rnke`( bknviq`m }k 14 v`q bò} kd }c` imph} vkvphi}gko #Ekhhgor( NbBh`qoio(

Dp`nn`h`q( 1660'/ ]c` nkq` IMCM rwnv}knr q`vkq}`m( }c` jqì}`q }c` bgjiq`}}` bkorpnv}gko

#gagm/'/ Rv`bgdgbihhw( }c` rwnv}kn kd goi}}ò}gko cir a`ò dkpom }k hìm }k i }zk }gn`r jqì}`q qgre

dkq bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj #Apqe` `} ih/( 16695 r`` ihrk Hina`q} $ Ciq}rkpjc( 9773'/ Rnkegoj cir

a`ò dkpom }k gnvqkt` i}}ò}gko iom iqkprih #Rphhgtio $ Qpmoge.H`tgo( 1669'( `dd`b}r zcgbc

niw a` m`rgqiah` dkq }c` gomgtgmpih i}}`nv}goj }k bkv` zg}c IMCM rwnv}knr #Vkn`qhip(

Mkzo`w( R}`hrko $ Vkn`qhip( 97705 Zghòr $ Dprghhk( 166:'/ @tgmòb` zcgbc hòmr rpvvkq} }k

}cgr gr }ci} }qì}nò} dkq IMCM zg}c r}gnphio} n`mgbi}gko gr i vqk}`b}gt` dib}kq dkq dp}pq`

rnkegoj #Zghòr( 1664'/ IMCM rwnv}knr bio ihrk cgom`q i}}`nv}r }k ypg} #Rphhgtio $ Qpmoge.

H`tgo( 1669'/ ]c` bkobhprgkor mqizo dqkn }cgr q`rìqbc gr }ci} }c`q` gr i bhìq q`hi}gkorcgv

a`}z`ò gobqìr`m IMCM rwnv}knr iom gobqìr`m qgre kd rnkegoj bgjiq`}}`r



4

Q`rìqbc cir ihrk rckzo }ci} }ckr` zg}c IMCM iq` rgjogdgbio}hw nkq` hge`hw }k pr` biooiagr

#NbIz`òw `} ih/( 1696'( zg}c niow pr`qr q`vkq}goj }ci} g} gnvqkt`m }c`gq d``hgojr kd ‟go}`qoih

q`r}h`rro`rr‛ #Zghòr $ Dprghhk( 166:'/ Dpq}c`qnkq`( a`}z`ò 9: iom =0 v`q bò} kd imph}r zg}c

IMCM iq` ihbkckh iapr`qr kq iq` ihbkckh m`vòmò} #Zghòr $ Dprghhk( 166:'/ Ihbkckh niw a`

ihrk a` pr`m }k q`mpb` iqkprih iom iosg`}w #Rphhgtio $ Qpmoge.H`tgo( 1669'/ Go bko}qir} }k }c`

iakt` dgomgojr( i hkojg}pmgoih dkhhkz.pv r}pmw aw Dgrbc`q `} ih/ #bg}`m go Aiqeh`w( 1661' dkpom

}ci} }c`q` zir ok gobqìr`m qgre kd RPMr go }ckr` zg}c IMCM/ Rpbc i dgomgoj gr }ckpjc} }k a`

}c` `sb`v}gko }k }c` qph` ir }c` nilkqg}w kd hkojg}pmgoih q`rìqbc cir rgnghiq dgomgojr }k }c` bqkrr.

r`b}gkoih r}pmg`r kp}hgo`m iakt` #Mitgmr `} ih/( 1660'/

RPMr iq` ok} }c` kohw tiqgiah` bhign`m }k a` bhkr`hw q`hi}`m }k IMCM/ ]c`q` gr io iapomiob` kd

q`rìqbc go}k }c` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò IMCM iom `rrò}gih di}}w ibgmr #Kn`ji.2 iom Kn`ji.4'

#Rkc( Zih}`q( Aipq $ Bkhhgor( 1667'/ @rrò}gih di}}w ibgmr vhiw i bqg}gbih qkh` go cpnio aqigo

m`t`hkvnò} #Qgbciqmrko( 166=' ap} iq` ok} niopdib}pq`m aw }c` akmw5 }c`w bio kohw a`

ibypgq`m }cqkpjc kpq mg`} #Rgojc( 16605 Rgoo $ Aqio( 166:5 Rptiqoi( 16635 r`` ihrk( Ckqqkber $

W`k( 9777'/ ]c` `tgmòb` }ci} IMCM gr q`hi}`m }k rpakv}gnih h`t`hr kd di}}w ibgmr gr

‟bknv`hhgoj‛ #Rgoo( 1663'( iom g} gr a`hg`t`m }ci} }c`w niw a` }c` bipr` kd kq hìm }k zkqrò`m

IMCM #Qkrr( R`jpgo $ Rg`rziqmi( 166:5 Rgojc( 1660'/ Kn`ji.2 gr dkpom go kghw dgrc iom

r`t`qih jq`ò hìdw t`j`}iah`r( op}r iom r``m kghr #Rptiqoi( 16635 r`` ihrk( Qgbciqmrko( 166=5

Rgoo $ Aqwio( 166:'/ Kn`ji.4 gr npbc nkq` iapomio} go nkm`qo Z`r}`qo mg`}r( a`bipr` g} gr

dkpom go nkr} t`j`}iah` kghr iom nì} iom migqw vqkmpb}r/ Bkot`qrgko kd ko` di}}w ibgm #ihvci.



:

hgokhògb ibgm . IHI' go}k kn`ji.2 bio ihrk a` gocgag}`m aw }c` vq`ròb` kd ri}pqi}`m di}r( iom

vkkq inkpo}r kd tg}ingor iom ngo`qihr #]knhgorko( Zghegorko $ Zghegorko( 1667'/ ]c`q`dkq`

vkkq mg`} gr hge`hw }k hìm }k }c` DIMR ok}`m iakt`/ Imph} goi}}ò}gko cir a`ò dkpom }k a`

gnvqkt`m aw Kn`ji.2 rpvvh`nò}i}gko #Dko}iog `} ih/( 1660'/ Ckz`t`q( nkr} `dd`b}r kd

rpvvh`nò}i}gko ko IMCM rwnv}knr cit` a`ò dkpom }k a` rnihh #Qkrr `} ih/( 166:' kq

gobkobhprgt` #]knhgorko `} ih/( 1667'/ G} bkphm a` }ci} gomgtgmpihr zg}c IMCM cit` cgjc`q

Kn`ji.2 q`ypgq`nò}r #Rkc `} ih/ 1667'/ G} bkphm ihrk a` }ci} }c`q` iq` k}c`q nibqkop}qgò}r

gotkht`m }ci} z` cit` ok} mgrbkt`q`m }c` qkh` kd w`} #Rgoo $ Aqwio( 166:'/ Ir }c` q`rìqbc go

}cgr iqì gr diq dqkn bkobhprgt`( dpq}c`q got`r}gji}gkor rpbc ir }c` bpqqò} r}pmw iq` q`ypgq`m }k

c`hv pom`qr}iom }c` oi}pq` kd }c` q`hi}gkorcgv/

V`hrr`q `} ih/ #1667' dkpom }ci} bcghmqò zg}c IMCM zck z`q` vhib`m ko io `hgngoi}gko mg`} dkq

0 z`èr ok hkoj`q n`} }c` bqg}`qgi dkq IMCM mgijokrgr/ ]cgr rckzr }ci} jkkm mg`} gr irrkbgi}`m

zg}c m`bqìr`m IMCM rwnv}knr/ Gomgbi}kqr kd m`dgbgò} h`t`hr kd `rrò}gih di}}w ibgmr #DIMR'

cit` a`ò hgoe`m }k IMCM iom gobhpm` mqw rego iom cigq( aqg}}h` oighr #Qgbciqmrko( 166=5

Rptiqoi( 1663' `sb`rrgt` }cgqr} iom pqgoi}gko #]knhgorko `} ih/( 1667' iom dkhhgbphiq e`qi}kr`r

#Ngh}`( Rgoo $ Ckz`( 1667'/ Ckz`t`q( ko` r}pmw dkpom ok bkqq`hi}gko a`}z`ò rgjor kd DIMR

iom rwnv}knr kd IMCM #Rgoo( 166:'/ ]ckr` dqkn i vkkq`q rkbgk.`bkokngb r}i}pr #go cgjc.

gobkn` rkbg`}g`r . r`` iakt`'( kd}ò cit` vkkq mg`} ypihg}w #Egqaw( Zkkmziqm( Liberko( Zioj $

Bqizdkqm( 1696'/ Nkr} nkm`qo Z`r}`qo mg`}r iq` cgjc`q go ò`qjw.mòr` q`dgo`m jqigor( imm`m

di}r iom rpjiqr #gobqìr`m Kn`ji.4'( iom hkz`q go hkz ò`qjw.mòr` dgrc iom t`j`}iah`r

#m`bqìr`m kn`ji.2' #Miqnko $ Mq`zokzreg( 1663'/ Rpbc mg`}r gomgbi}` io gobqìr`m Kn`ji.4

}k Kn`ji.2 qi}gk #zcgbc cir a`ò dkpom }k a` pv }k 16<9 . Qgbciqmrko( 166='/ G} gr r}ghh pobhìq



3

zc`}c`q g} gr }c` iarkhp}` h`t`hr kd Kn`ji.2 iom Kn`ji.4 }ci} ni}}`q kq gd }c` qi}gk gr nkq`

gnvkq}io} #Aprbc( 166:'/ Bkh}`q( Bp}h`q( iom N`behgoj #16635 Ngh}` `} ih/( 1667' dkpom }ci} }ckr`

zg}c IMCM cim cgjc`q }k}ih iom ri}pqi}`m di} go}ie`( ap} hkz`q akmw di} nirr }cio bko}qkhr/ Go

immg}gko( g} cir a`ò dkpom }ci} q`vkq}r kd mg`}iqw go}ie` mk q`dh`b} }c` h`t`hr kd `rrò}gih di}}w

ibgm vq`rò} #Egqaw `} ih/( 1696'/ ]cgr rckzr }ci} i DIMR rbih` bio a` ivvqkvqgi}`hw pr`m }k

gomgbi}` ivvqksgni}` h`t`hr kd di}}w ibgm/

M`rvg}` }c` bhìq hgoe a`}z`ò IMCM iom gobqìr`m mqpj pr`( iom IMCM iom DIMR( }c`q` gr

t`qw hg}}h` q`rìqbc v`q}igogoj }k zc`}c`q }c`q` gr i mgr}gob} q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom mqpj

pr`/ ]c`q` gr rkn` `tgmòb` zcgbc rpjj`r}r }c`q` bkphm a` hgoer( ap} }c`r` tiqgiah`r cit` ok}

a`ò `svhgbg}hw hgoe`m iom r}pmg`m/ Dkq `sinvh`( }ckr` zck cit` ypg} rnkegoj gobqìr` }c`gq

go}ie` kd vkhwpori}pqi}`m di}}w ibgmr #R}qgbehiom $ Jqit`r( 9771'/ Go immg}gko }k hibe kd tg}ingor

iom ngo`qihr( bkot`qrgko kd IHI go}k kn`ji.2 gr ihrk q`mpb`m aw goj`r}gko kd ihbkckh iom

bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj #]knhgorko `} ih/( 1667'/ Biooiagr vqknk}`r ivv`}g}` #}c` ‟npobcg`r‛'

#Apmo`w $ Hgh`( 1667'( `rv`bgihhw dkq ò`qjw.mòr` iom rz``} dkkmr #Egqecin( 16675 r`` ihrk(

Diqqgnkom( N`qbg`q( Zcihh`w $ Zghhginr( 16995 Egqecin( 1663' iom viq}gbphiqhw zcò rnke`m

bcqkogbihhw #Bk}ih `} ih/( 1662'/ Rnke`qr cit` hkz`q akmw z`gjc} }cio oko.rnke`qr( ir ogbk}go`

gr io ivv`}g}` rpvvq`rrio} #Lk( ]ihnij` $ Qkh`( 1661'( iom }c`q`dkq` h`rr kt`qihh bihkqg`r iq`

goj`r}`m #Bcò `} ih/( 1660'/ Kob` rnkegoj bìr`r( }c`q` gr kd}ò rgjogdgbio} z`gjc} jigo #Lk `}

ih/( 1661'/ Rk( }cgr hgoe a`}z`ò rnkegoj bgjiq`}}`r+biooiagr iom bcioj`r go ivv`}g}` bkphm cit`

bkor`ypòb`r dkq IMCM rwnv}knr/ Ir }cgr iqì cir ok} qìhhw a`ò r}pmg`m( i vq`hgngoiqw

got`r}gji}gko go}k zc`}c`q }c`q` bkphm a` i rgjogdgbio} vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv niw a` aò`dgbgih/



7

Ko }c` airgr kd }c` iakt` q`rìqbc( r`t`qih cwvk}c`r`r z`q` jò`qi}`m/ ]c` dgqr} zir }ci} }c`q`

zkphm a` i vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq` iom DIMR rbkq`/ ]c` r`bkom zir }ci}

}c`q` zkphm a` i vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq` iom gobqìr`m bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj(

gobqìr`m biooiagr pr` iom gobqìr`m ihbkckh go}ie`/ Dgoihhw( g} zir cwvk}c`rgr`m }ci} }c`q`

zkphm a` i vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom rnkegoj #ak}c bgjiq`}}`r iom biooiagr'/

]c`r` cwvk}c`r`r z`q` }`r}`m prgoj }c` yp`r}gkooigq`r kp}hgo`m go }c` N`}ckmr r`b}gko a`hkz/

N`}ckm

Viq}gbgvio}r

Kvvkq}pog}w rinvhgoj zir pr`m }k ka}igo 76 pom`qjqimpi}` r}pmò}r dqkn }c` Okq}c Z`r} kd

@ojhiom/ Viq}gbgvio}r z`q` ij`m a`}z`ò 93 iom 23 # N > 16/33( RM > 2/22'/ Kd }c`r`

viq}gbgvio}r( 27 z`q` nih`( iom 09 z`q` d`nih`/ Ihh viq}gbgvio}r q`b`gt`m }c` rin` t`qrgko kd }c`

yp`r}gkooigq`/

M`rgjo

]cgr r}pmw zir i bqkrr.r`b}gkoih bkqq`hi}gkoih rpqt`w/ Dkq }c` dgqr} cwvk}c`rgr( }c` vq`mgb}kq

tiqgiah` #VT' zir rbkq` ko }c` ZPQR rbih`( }c` kp}bkn` tiqgiah`r #KT' zir }c` DIMR rbkq`/

Dkq }c` r`bkom cwvk}c`rgr }c` VT zir ZPQR rbkq`( iom }c` KTr z`q` }c` biooiagr( ihbkckh iom

bgjiq`}}`r rbkq`r/ Dkq }c` dgoih cwvk}c`rgr( VT zir rbkq` ko }c` DIMR rbih` iom }c` KTr z`q`

}c` biooiagr( ihbkckh iom bgjiq`}}`r rbkq`r/



96

R}gnphg

I ZPQR rbih` bknvqgrgoj 26 Hge`q}.}wv` yp`r}gkor zir pr`m ir g} gr i ròrg}gt` nìrpq` kd imph}

IMCM #NbBioo( Rbc``h`( Ziqm( $ Qkw.Awqo`( 1666'/ I cgjc`q rbkq` ko }cgr rbih` zir

gomgbi}gt` kd i jqì}`q opna`q kd IMCM.q`hi}`m rwnv}knr #Nibego $ Ckqo`q( 1660'/ I mqpjr

yp`r}gkooigq` bkorgr}goj kd : yp`r}gkor zir ihrk pr`m/ ]c` yp`r}gkor gobhpmgoj go }c` ioihwrgr

z`q` }ckr` q`hi}goj }k inkpo} iom dq`ypòbw kd ihbkckh pr` #=7.09'( iom }c` opna`q kd bgjiq`}}`r

#01' iom biooiagr ‟lkgo}r‛ rnke`m #02'/ ]cgr q`rph}`m go r`viqi}` ihbkckh( bgjiq`}}` iom biooiagr

rbkq`r/ ]c` DIMR yp`r}gkooigq` zir bqì}`m aw }c` q`rìqbc`q iom bknvqgr`m 94 Hge`q}.}wv`

yp`r}gkor( }c`r` yp`r}gkor dkbpr`m ko mg`} ir }cgr gr kpq kohw rkpqb` kd di}}w ibgmr #Rptiqoi(

1663' iom q`vkq}r kd mg`} cit` a`ò dkpom }k a` i jkkm gomgbi}kq kd di}}w ibgm h`t`hr #Egqaw(

Zkkmziqm( Liberko( Zioj $ Bqizdkqm( 1696'/ ]c` yp`r}gkor gobhpm`m q`d`qòb`r }k r`t`qih

rwnv}knr zcgbc cit` a`ò gmò}gdg`m aw q`rìqbc go}k DIMR( gobhpmgoj `sb`rrgt`

}cgqr}+pqgoi}gko #]knhgorko( Zghegorko $ Zghegorko( 1667'( mqw rego iom aqg}}h` oighr

#Qgbciqmrko( 166='/ G} bkorgr}`m kd 99 vkrg}gt` #i cgjc`q rbkq` gomgbi}`m DIMR' iom 0 o`ji}gt`

g}`nr #i hkz`q rbkq` gomgbi}`m DIMR'/

Vqkb`mpq`

]c` ZPQR( DIMr iom mqpjr rbih`r z`q` ihh bknago`m go}k ko` yp`r}gkooigq` bkorgr}goj kd 02

yp`r}gkor #r`` Ivvòmgs 2'/ I vghk} r}pmw prgoj }cgr yp`r}gkooigq` zir bkompb}`m ko 96

viq}gbgvio}r/ Viq}gbgvio}r dkpom }c` rbih`r ìrw }k pom`qr}iom iom bknvh`}`( rk }c` rbih` zir h`d}

pobcioj`m dkq }c` r}pmw vqkv`q/ ]c` yp`r}gkooigq` zir mgr}qgap}`m }k io kvvkq}pog}w rinvh` kd



99

r}pmò}r go }c` Okq}c Z`r} kd @ojhiom/ Viq}gbgvio}r z`q` godkqn`m kd }c` vpqvkr` kd }c` r}pmw

iom jgtò gor}qpb}gkor tgi i Viq}gbgvio} Godkqni}gko rc``} #r`` Ivvòmgs 9'( zcgbc ihrk irrpq`m

}c`n kd }c`gq iokowng}w iom bkodgmò}gihg}w/ Kob` }cgr zir qìm iom iow yp`r}gkor z`q`

iorz`q`m }c` viq}gbgvio}r z`q` }cò ire`m }k dghh kp} i bkorò} dkqn bkodgqngoj }c`gq zghhgojo`rr

}k viq}gbgvi}` go }c` r}pmw #r`` Ivvòmgs 1'/ Kob` }c` mi}i zir bkhh`b}`m g} zir govp}}`m iom

ioihwr`m prgoj }c` VIRZ 93 R}i}gr}gbr vqkjqin #r`` Ivvòmgb`r =.3'/ Ir }c` mi}i zir okqnihhw

mgr}qgap}`m #r`` Ivvòmgb`r 0 iom 4'( i Vìqrko‛r vqkmpb}.nknò} bkqq`hi}gko bk`ddgbgò} }`r}

zir bkompb}`m( zcgbc irr`rr`m }c` q`hi}gkorcgvr a`}z`ò }c` ZPQR rbkq`r iom }c` DIMR(

ihbkckh( bgjiq`}}` iom biooiagr rbkq`r q`rv`b}gt`hw/ Vkr}.ckb }`r}r #ihrk Vìqrko‛r' z`q`

bkompb}`m ko go}`qib}gkor a`}z`ò mqpj pr` iom ij` #r`` Ivvòmgs 3'/

Q`rph}r

]c` yp`r}gkooigq` kp}hgo`m iakt` jò`qi}`m r`viqi}` rbkq`r dkq ZPQR( DIMR( iom bgjiq`}}`(

ihbkckh iom biooiagr pr` go kqm`q }k irr`rr }c` oi}pq` kd }c` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò }c`r` tiqgiah`r/

Go immg}gko( ij` iom jòm`q z`q` ihrk q`bkqm`m/ ]c` it`qij` ij` kd }c` viq}gbgvio}r zir 16/33

#RM > 2/22'/ ]c` it`qij` ZPQR rbkq` zir 00/31 #RM > 91/=3'( }cgr ivvìqr }k a` ypg}` i hkz

it`qij` rbkq` ir }c` ngognpn rbkq` zir 26( iom }c` nisgnpn zir 916( gomgbi}goj }ci} }c`

kt`qihh h`t`h kd IMCM rwnv}knr vq`rò} go }c` rinvh` zir hkz/ ]c` it`qij` DIMR rbkq`

#ngognpn< 945 nisgnpn< 4=' zir 24/03 #RM > 4/9'( gomgbi}goj }ci} }c` opna`q kd DIMR

rwnv}knr z`q` hkz iom kt`qihh viq}gbgvio}r bkorpn`m i qìrkoiahw cìh}cw mg`}/ Go q`hi}gko }k

}c` mqpjr rbkq`r( 94 viq}gbgvio}r rnke`m biooiagr/ Kd }c`r` viq}gbgvio}r }c` it`qij` opna`q kd

‟lkgo}r‛ rnke`m zir 0 #RM > =/70'/ Kohw : viq}gbgvio}r o`t`q mqioe ihbkckh/ ]c` it`qij` ihbkckh



91

rbkq` zir 3/0: #RM > 2/91'( zc`q` 1 zir }c` ngognpn iom 90 zir }c` nisgnpn vkrrgah` rbkq`/

19 viq}gbgvio}r z`q` bgjiq`}}` rnke`qr( iom }c` it`qij` opna`q kd bgjiq`}}`r }c`w rnke`m zir

13/01 v`q z`è #RM > 12/79' #r`` ]iah` 9'/

]iah` 9< M`rbqgv}gt` r}i}gr}gbr ‒ nìo rbkq`r dkq ìbc tiqgiah`/

Ij` ZPQR DIMR Biooiagr Ihbkckh Bgjiq`}}`r

Nìo #RM' 16/33 #2/22' 00/31 #91/=3' 24/03 #4/9' 0 #=/70' 3/0: #2/91' 13/01 #12/79'

Ir }c` ZPQR rbkq`r z`q` okqnihhw mgr}qgap}`m }c` mi}i zir ioihwr`m prgoj Vìqrko‛r vqkmpb}.

nknò} bkqq`hi}kqw ioihwrgr/ Vìqrko‛r ioihwrgr rckz`m }ci} }c`q` zir ok rgjogdgbio} bkqq`hi}gko

a`}z`ò ZPQR iom DIMR rbkq`r UO > 76( q > .6/69:( v > 6/=23 #ko`.}igh`m'^ ir bio a` r`ò go

Dgjpq` 9/ Ir gr tgrgah` dqkn }c` rbi}}`q vhk}( }c`w }zk tiqgiah`r ivvìq }k rciq` ok q`hi}gkorcgv

zg}cgo }cgr rinvh`5 }c`w iq` zgm`hw rvqìm iqkpom }c` hgo` kd a`r} dg}/ ]c`q`dkq`( }c` dgqr}

cwvk}c`rgr( }ci} }c`q` zkphm a` i rgjogdgbio} vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq` iom

DIMR rbkq` zir q`l`b}`m/ ]c`q` zir ok rgjogdgbio} bkqq`hi}gko a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq` iom

biooiagr pr` UO > 76( q > .6/61:( v> 6/277 #ko`.}igh`m'^ #r`` Dgjpq` 1'/ ]c` vhk} rckzr }ci} }c`

nilkqg}w kd viq}gbgvio}r mgm ok} q`vkq} prgoj biooiagr( iom dkq }ckr` }ci} mgm( g} zir r``ngojhw

poq`hi}`m }k }c` vq`ròb` kd IMCM rwnv}knr/ Dpq}c`qnkq`( }c`q` zir ok rgjogdgbio} bkqq`hi}gko

a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq` iom ihbkckh pr` UO > 76( q > 6/963( v> 6/904 #ko`.}igh`m'^ #r`` Dgjpq` 2'(

}c` rbkq`r iq` zgm`hw rvqìm kp} ko }c` vhk}/ M`rvg}` }cgr( }cgr zir }c` r}qkoj`r} q`hi}gkorcgv

dkpom a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq` iom `g}c`q DIMR kq mqpj pr`/ Dgoihhw( }c`q` zir ok rgjogdgbio}

bkqq`hi}gko a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq` iom bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj UO > 76( q > 6/64:( v > 6/140 #ko`.

}igh`m'^ #r`` Dgjpq` ='/ ]c` vhk} rckzr }ci} }c` nilkqg}w kd viq}gbgvio}r mgm ok} rnke` bgjiq`}}`r

iom }c` bgjiq`}}` rbkq`r iq` bhìqhw poq`hi}`m }k ZPQR rbkq`/ Bkor`ypò}hw( }c` r`bkom



92

cwvk}c`rgr( }ci} }c`q` zkphm a` i rgjogdgbio} vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq` iom

mqpjr rbkq`r zir ihrk q`l`b}`m/

Dgjpq` 9< ]c` oko.rgjogdgbio}

q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ZPQR iom

DIMR/

Dgjpq` 1< ]c` oko.rgjogdgbio}

q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ZPQR iom

biooiagr/

Dgjpq` 2< ]c` oko.rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq`

iom ihbkckh rbkq`/

Dgjpq` =< ]c` oko.rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq`

iom bgjiq }}` rnkegoj/



9=

]c`q` zir ihrk ok rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgv dkpom a`}z`ò DIMR rbkq` iom biooiagr pr` UO > 76(

q > .6/6:0( v> 6/1=2 #ko`.}igh`m'^ #r`` Dgjpq` 0'/ Kob` nkq`( }c` rbkq`r z`q` ypg}` zgm`hw rvqìm

iakt` }c` hgo` kd a`r} dg}/ Ihrk( }c`q` zir i oko.rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom

bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj UO > 76( q > 6/9=( v> 6/67= #ko`.}igh`m'^ #r`` Dgjpq` 4'/ ]cgr nìor }ci} }c`

dgoih cwvk}c`rgr( }ci} }c`q` zkphm a` i vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom rnkegoj

#bgjiq`}}`r+biooiagr' zir ihrk q`l`b}`m/

Vkr} ckb Vìqrko‛r }`r}r dkpom r`t`qih rgjogdgbio} q`rph}r/ ]c` dgqr} zir i vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv

a`}z`ò ij` iom biooiagr pr` UO > 76( q > 6/243( v> 6/669 #ko`.}igh`m'^ #r`` Dgjpq` :'/ ]c`

r`bkom zir i vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ij` iom bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj UO > 76( q > 6/192( v >

Dgjpq` 0< ]c` oko.rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom

biooiagr/

Dgjpq` 4< ]c` oko.rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom

bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj/



90

6/611 #ko`.}igh`m'^ #r`` Dgjpq` 3'/ ]cgqmhw iom dgoihhw( }c`q` zir i vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò

biooiagr pr` iom bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj UO > 76( q > 6/009( v> 6/669 #ko`.}igh`m'^ #r`` Dgjpq` 7'/

Dgjpq` :< ]c` rgjogdgbio} vkrg}gt`

q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ij` iom

biooiagr pr`/

Dgjpq` 3< ]c` rgjogdgbio} vkrg}gt`

q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ij` iom

bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj/

Dgjpq` 7< ]c` rgjogdgbio} vkrg}gt` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò biooiagr pr`

iom bgjiq }}` rnkegoj/



94

Mgrbprrgko

Ihh }cq`` cwvk}c`r`r z`q` q`l`b}`m/ ]c` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò ZPQr rbkq` iom DIMR rbkq` zir

dkpom }k a` oko.rgjogdgbio}/ ]cgr gomgbi}`m }ci} }c`q` zir ok `tgmòb` kd i q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò

gobqìr`m opna`q kd IMCM rwnv}knr iom m`dgbgò} h`t`hr kd `rrò}gih di}}w ibgmr go }cgr rinvh`/

]cgr gr go bko}qimgb}gko }k }c` nilkqg}w kd `tgmòb` go }cgr iqì( rpbc ir }c` r}pmg`r aw Rgoo

#1663'( Qkrr `} ih/ #166:' iom Rgojc #1660' zcgbc rckz i bhìq q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò IMCM iom

`rrò}gih di}}w ibgmr/ Ckz`t`q( g} mk`r rpvvkq} }c` r}pmw aw Rgoo #166:' zcgbc dkpom ok

bkqq`hi}gko a`}z`ò DIMR iom IMCM rwnv}knr/

G} gr mgddgbph} }k bknviq` }c` q`rph}r kd q`rìqbc go}k imph} IMCM mp` }k }c` zgm` tiqg`}w kd

rbih`r itighiah`( ir }c` kddgbgih mgijokr}gb bqg}`qgi dkq IMCM iq` air`m ko g} a`goj i bcghmckkm

mgrkqm`q #Rcgdqgo `} ih/( 1696' #dkq `sinvh`( pr` kd i mgdd`qò} rbih` zg}cgo }cgr r}pmw niw cit`

wg`hm`m i mgdd`qò} q`rph}'/ ]c`q`dkq`( i}}`nv}r rckphm a` nim` }k bqì}` i r}iomiqmgr`m ziw kd

nìrpqgoj imph} IMCM( go kqm`q }k nie` q`bkjog}gko kd rwnv}knr( mgijokrgr iom bknviqgrko

ìrg`q iom nkq` q`hgiah` #Mitgmrko( 16635 r`` ihrk( Bhpq` `} ih/( 9777' iom nkq` m`t`hkvnò}ihhw

ivvqkvqgi}`/ Dkq `sinvh`( }k òrpq` }ci} ihh rbih`r q`bkjogr` }c` imph} rwnv}knr gmò}gdg`m aw

Mitgmrko #1663'/ Ckz`t`q( dkq }c` vq`rò} r}pmw( ir }c` ZPQR cir vq`tgkprhw a`ò dkpom }k a`

i jkkm nìrpq` kd IMCM rwnv}knr #NbBioo `} ih/( 1666' }c` hibe kd i rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgv

niw a` mp` }k grrp`r zg}c }c` DIMR rbih`/ ]c` rwnv}knr kp}hgo`m aw Ngh}` `} ih/ #1667'(

Qgbciqmrko #166='( Rptiqoi #1663'( iom ]knhgorko `} ih/ #1667' zcgbc z`q` gobhpm`m go }c`

DIMR rbih` iq` ihnkr} b`q}igohw gomgbi}kqr kd m`dgbgò} h`t`hr kd `rrò}gih di}}w ibgmr/ Dkq dp}pq`

q`d`qòb`( i a`}}`q rbih` niw cit` ire`m nkq` go m`v}c yp`r}gkor q`jiqmgoj }c`r` rwnv}knr( go



9:

kqm`q }k irr`rr }c` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò gomgtgmpih rwnv}knr kd DIMR iom IMCM/

Dpq}c`qnkq`( io pvmi}`m DIMR yp`r}gkooigq` zkphm mk a`}}`q }k cit` }c` nkq` rv`bphi}kqw

yp`r}gkor( q`jiqmgoj mg`} ypihg}w( go i r`viqi}` rbih` ir }c` rv`bphi}kqw oi}pq` kd }c` yp`r}gkor

niw cit` idd`b}`m }c` kt`qihh vkz`q kd }c` DIMR rbih` }k gmò}gdw vk}ò}gih DIMR rwnv}knr/

Dkq `sinvh`( m`rvg}` }c` dgomgojr kd Miqnko $ Mq`zokzreg #1663' iom Egqaw `} ih/ #1696' vkkq

mg`} niw ok} hìm }k DIMR go `t`qwko`( }c`q` niw a` k}c`q dib}kqr gotkht`m/ Ihrk( iow o`z ziw

kd irr`rrgoj DIMR rckphm a` q`dgo`m iom }`r}`m ko }ckr` zck cit` a`ò mgijokr`m zg}c DIMR

iom+kq IMCM go kqm`q }k }`r} g}r mgrbqgngoi}kqw vkz`q/ Ibbkqmgojhw( }cgr mk`r ok} nìo }ci}

q`rìqbc go}k }c` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò IMCM iom DIMR rckphm a` mgrq`jiqm`m( ap} rckphm a`

q`dgo`m/

G} zir ihrk dkpom }ci} }c` q`hi}gkorcgvr a`}z`ò ZPQR rbkq` iom ihbkckh( biooiagr iom bgjiq`}}`

rnkegoj z`q` oko.rgjogdgbio}/ ]c` hibe kd iow rgjogdgbio} dgomgojr a`}z`ò }c` iakt` tiqgiah`r

gr rpqvqgrgoj go hgjc} kd }c` z`gjc} kd `tgmòb`( gobhpmgoj }c` q`rìqbc aw Ag`m`qnio #1660'(

Aiqeh`w `} ih/ #166='( iom Ngh}` `} ih/ #1667'( zcgbc r}i}`r }ci} RPMR iom IMCM iq`

rgjogdgbio}hw bkqq`hi}`m/ Ckz`t`q( q`rìqbc mk`r r}i}` }ci} IMCM kohw hìmr }k io gobqìr`m qgre

kd rpar}iob` pr` #iom tgb` t`qri' #Zghòr( 16645 Zghòr `} ih/( 1664'/ G} niw a` }ci} }cgr qgre

kohw ivvìqr iakt` i b`q}igo }cq`rckhm kd rwnv}knr iom gr ok} i vqkah`n dkq }c` okqnih

vkvphi}gko/

Iok}c`q vk}ò}gih qìrko dkq }c` hibe kd rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgvr gr }ci} IMCM rwnv}knr iq` 1.2

}gn`r nkq` bknnko go akwr #Mitgmr `} ih/( 16605 Rgoo $ Aqwio( 166:5 Zòm`q `} ih/( 1669' iom



93

nih`r z`q` pom`q.q`vq`rò}`m go }c` rinvh` #mp` }k prgoj io kvvkq}pog}w rinvh`'/ G} niw ihrk a`

mp` }k }c` rinvh` a`goj dqkn }c` pogt`qrg}w vkvphi}gko( ir }ckr` nkr} hge`hw }k rckz rwnv}knr

kd IMCM iq` }ckr` zg}c i hkz`q h`t`h kd `mpbi}gko #NbIz`òw `} ih/( 1696'/ G} gr vkrrgah` }ci}

viq}gbgvio}r niw cit` dkpom ziwr k}c`q }cio mqpj pr` }k bknvòri}` dkq kq nire }c`gq

rwnv}knr/ Ihrk( pogt`qrg}w r}pmò}r iq` kd}ò dqkn nkq` iddhpò} aibejqkpomr #Dkqrw}c $

Dpqhkoj( 1696'( nìogoj }c`w iq` nkq` hge`hw }k cit` i cìh}cw mg`} #ir r`ò go }c` q`hi}gt`hw hkz

it`qij` DIMR rbkq` dkpom'/ ]c`q`dkq`( i n`}ckmkhkjgbih dhiz go }cgr r}pmw gr }ci} i qiomkn(

nkq` q`vq`rò}i}gt` rinvh` niw cit` gobqìr`m }c` hge`hgckkm kd i rgjogdgbio} q`rph} a`goj dkpom

a`}z`ò }c` tiqgiah`r/ Ckz`t`q( }cgr r}pmw mk`r imm godkqni}gko }k }c` rckq}ij` kd godkqni}gko

kd IMCM go }c` pogt`qrg}w vkvphi}gko }ci} zir m`rbqga`m aw MpViph `} ih/ #1669'/

I dpq}c`q n`}ckmkhkjgbih grrp` }ci} niw cit` idd`b}`m }c` q`rph}r gr }ci} g} gotkht`m viq}gbgvio}r

r`hd.q`vkq}goj #hge` }c` nilkqg}w kd imph} IMCM rbih`r . Liberko $ Diqqpjgi( 977:( bg}`m go

MpViph `} ih/( 1669' ko vk}ò}gih IMCM rwnv}knr( }c`gq v`qrkoihg}w( mg`} iom mqpj pr`/ G} gr

vkrrgah` }ci} viq}gbgvio}r niw ok} cit` zio}`m }k vq`rò} }c`nr`ht`r poditkpqiahw zcò

iorz`qgoj rpbc ròrg}gt` yp`r}gkor #E`rrh`q `} ih/( 1664'/ Dp}pq` q`rìqbc( ir z`hh ir prgoj r`hd.

q`vkq}r( bkphm gotkht` vcwrgkhkjgbih mi}i iom q`vkq}r dqkn dqgòmr iom dinghw n`na`qr ko

viq}gbgvio}r‛ v`qrkoihg}w( mg`} iom mqpj pr` go kqm`q }k jigo nkq` qìhgr}gb iom q`hgiah` mi}i/

M`rvg}` }c`r` dib}kqr zcgbc niw cit` q`mpb`m }c` hge`hgckkm kd i rgjogdgbio} q`rph}( }c` r}pmw zir

bkompb}`m go }c` PE( i Z`r}`qo( cgjc`q.gobkn` bkpo}qw( }c`q`dkq` g} zir `sv`b}`m }ci} nkq`

rwnv}knr zkphm a` vq`rò} #air`m ko }c` dgomgojr vq`rò}`m go Diwwim `} ih/( 166:'/ Ckz`t`q(



97

ZPQR rbkq`r mgm tiqw ypg}` zgm`hw #dqkn 21 }k 77' rk g} mk`r rckz }ci} }c`q` gr i bko}goppn kd

rwnv}knr }ci} vq`rò} }c`nr`ht`r a`hkz }c` }cq`rckhm kd mgijokrgr ir vkr}phi}`m aw Vihkw`hgr `}

ih/ #1667'/ Ckv`dphhw }cgr r}pmw cir c`hv`m }k rckz }ci} IMCM rwnv}knr mk `sgr} ko i

bko}goppn iom g} gr ok} kohw 1/0.0 v`q bò} kd }c` vkvphi}gko #ir m`rbqga`m aw Diqiko` `} ih/(

16625 E`rrh`q `} ih/( 16645 Rgnko `} ih/( 1667' zck iq` idd`b}`m aw rpbc rwnv}knr/ Dpq}c`q

q`rìqbc bkphm gotkht` }c` pr` kd r`ng.r}qpb}pq`m go}`qtg`zr }k irr`rr ckz gomgtgmpihr zck mk

mgrvhiw i opna`q kd IMCM.hge` rwnv}knr bkv` zg}c }c`n ko i miw.}k.miw airgr( }cgr bkphm a`

}cò pr`m }k c`hv }ckr` zck iq` mgijokr`m zg}c IMCM }k bkv` zg}c }c`gq rwnv}knr zg}ckp}

prgoj vq`rbqga`m mqpjr kq r`hd.n`mgbi}goj #zcgbc mi}i rpjj`r}r gr zci} }ckr` zck iq` ok}

mgijokr`m mk5 Biqqkhh $ Qkporitghh`( 97725 Hina`q} $ Ciq}rkpjc( 97735 Rphhgtio $ Qpmoge.

H`tgo( 16695 iom Zghòr $ Dprghhk( 166:'/

]cgr r}pmw ihrk `r}iahgrc`m }ci} }c`q` zir ok} i rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom mqpj

pr`/ ]cgr gr porpqvqgrgoj ir }c`r` cwvk}c`r`r z`q` air`m ko hgng}`m inkpo}r kd mi}i iom z`q` kd

i nkq` `svhkqi}kqw oi}pq`/ ]c` hibe kd io `dd`b} kd mqpj pr` ko DIMR bkphm vkrrgahw a` mp` }k

}c` aihiobgoj kp} kd bgjiq`}}`‛r ivv`}g}` rpvvq`rrgoj #Lk `} ih/( 1661( R}qgbehiom $ Jqit`r( 9771'

zg}c biooiagr‛r ivv`}g}` gobqìrgoj #Apmo`w $ Hgh`( 16675 r`` ihrk( Egqecin 16635 1667'

vqkv`q}g`r #ir bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj iom biooiagr pr` z`q` rgjogdgbio}hw bkqq`hi}`m'/ Ckz`t`q( rpbc

i vqkvkrg}gko o``mr dpq}c`q got`r}gji}gko/

]c` vkr}.ckb }`r}r pobkt`q`m r`t`qih rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgvr/ ]c` dgqr} zir rhgjc} vkrg}gt`

bkqq`hi}gko a`}z`ò bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj iom ij`/ ]c` r`bkom zir i rgnghiq q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò



16

biooiagr pr` iom ij`/ ]c` }cgqm zir i nkm`qi}` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò biooiagr pr` iom bgjiq`}}`

rnkegoj/ ]c`r` q`rph}r bkphm a` pr`m ir i airgr dkq dp}pq` q`rìqbc rpqqkpomgoj mqpj pr` iom ij`(

kq }k rpvvkq}+q`dp}` dgomgojr go }cgr iqì kd q`rìqbc/

]k bkobhpm`( g} zir dkpom }ci} }c`q` zir i ok q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò IMCM iom DIMR( iom ok

q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò IMCM iom mqpj pr`/ ]cgr bko}qimgb}r }c` nilkqg}w kd q`rìqbc rpqqkpomgoj

IMCM( mqpj pr` iom DIMR/ G} zir ihrk dkpom }ci} }c`q` zir ok q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò DIMR iom

mqpj pr`/ Vkr} ckb }`r}r dkpom rgjogdgbio} q`hi}gkorcgvr a`}z`ò bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj iom ij`(

biooiagr pr` iom ij`( iom bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj iom biooiagr pr`( q`rv`b}gt`hw/ ]c` gnvhgbi}gkor kd

}cgr iq` }ci} }c` `tgmòb` rpqqkpomgoj }c`r` tiqgiah`r gr r}ghh cgjchw gobkobhprgt` iom m`r`qt`

nkq` bkorgm`qi}gko/ Dp}pq` q`rìqbc rckphm a` ign`m i} bqì}goj i nkq` m`}igh`m( mgrbqgngoi}kqw

iom q`hgiah` nìrpq` kd DIMR( iom got`r}gji}goj }c` `dd`b} kd mqpjr ko ivv`}g}` iom }c`q`dkq`

di}}w ibgm go}ie`/

Q`d`qòb`r

Aiqeh`w( Q/ I/ #1661'/ Nilkq hgd` ib}gtg}w iom cìh}c kp}bkn`r irrkbgi}`m zg}c i}}ò}gko.

m`dgbg}+cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q/ Lkpqoih kd Bhgogbih Vrwbcgi}qw( 42#91'( 96.90/

Aiqeh`w( Q/ I/( Dgrbc`q( N/( Rnihhgrc( H/( $ Dh`}bc`q( E/ #166='/ Wkpoj imph} dkhhkz.pv kd

cwv`qib}gt` bcghmqò< Io}grkbgih ib}gtg}g`r iom mqpj pr`/ Lkpqoih kd Bcghm Vrwbckhkjw iom

Vrwbcgi}qw( =1#1'( 970.199/



19

Ag`m`qnio( L/ #1660'/ I}}ò}gko.m`dgbg}+cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q< I r`h`b}gt` kt`qtg`z/ Agkhkjgbih

Vrwbcgi}qw( 0:( 9190.9116/

Apmo`w( I/ L/ $ Hgh`( L/ I/ #1667'/ Nktgoj a`wkom }c` biooiagr bko}qkt`qrw go}k }c` zkqhm kd

}c` biooiagokgmr/ Go}`qoi}gkoih Q`tg`z kd Vrwbcgi}qw( 19#1'( 79.70/

Apqe`( L/ M/( Hkà`q( Q/( $ Hic`w( A/ A/ #1669'/ Zcgbc irv`b}r kd IMCM iq` irrkbgi}`m zg}c

}kaibbk pr` go ìqhw imkh`rbòb`; Lkpqoih kd Bcghm Vrwbckhkjw iom Vrwbcgi}qw( =1#='(

=72.061/

Aprbc( A/ #166:'/ Vkhwpori}pqi}`m di}}w ibgm rpvvh`nò}i}gko dkq IMCM; Dgrcw( dirbgoi}goj( iom

diq dqkn bhìq/ Lkpqoih kd M`t`hkvnò} $ A`citgkqih V`mgi}qgbr( 13#1'( 927.9==/

Biqqkhh( E/ N/( $ Qkporitghh`( A/ L/ #9772'/ Cgr}kqw iom rgjogdgbiob` kd bcghmckkm i}}ò}gko

m`dgbg} mgrkqm`q go }qì}nò}.r`ègoj bkbigo` iapr`qr/ Bknvq`còrgt` Vrwbcgi}qw( 2=#1'(

:0.31/

Bcò( C/ B/( Thickr( Q/( Ak|goktregh( R/( Lko`r( L/( Iom`qrko( J/ V/( $ Nkqqgr( N/ L/ #1660'/

@dd`b} kd rckq}.}`qn bgjiq`}}` rnke` `svkrpq` ko akmw z`gjc}( ivv`}g}` iom aqigo

o`pqkv`v}gm` W go ngb`/ O`pqkvrwbckvciqnibkhkjw( 26( :92.:97/

Bhpq`( B/ B/( Aqimw( E/ ]/( Rihimgo( N/ @/( Lkcorko( M/( Zigm( Q/( $ Qg}}òapqw( N/ #9777'/

I}}ò}gko.m`dgbg}+cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q iom rpar}iob` pr`< Rwnv}kn vi}}`qo iom mqpj

bckgb`/ In`qgbio Lkpqoih kd Mqpj iom Ihbkckh Iapr`( 10#2'( ==9.==3/

Bkh}`q( I/ H/( Bp}h`q( B/( $ N`behgoj( E/ I/ #1663'/ Di}}w ibgm r}i}pr iom a`citgkpqih rwnv}knr

kd i}}ò}gko m`dgbg} cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q go imkh`rbò}r< I bir`.bko}qkh r}pmw/ Op}qg}gko

Lkpqoih( :( 9.99/



12

Diwwim( L/( m` Jqiid( Q/( E`rrh`q( Q/( Ihrkork( L/( Ioj`qn`w`q( N/( M`nw}}òi`q`( E/( m`

Jgqkhink( J/( Ciqk( L/ N/( Eiqin( @/ J/( Hiqi( B/( H`vgo ( L/ V/( Kqn`h( L/( Vkrimi.Tghhi(

L/( \irhitrew( I/ N/( $ Lgo( Q/ #166:'/ Bqkrr.oi}gkoih vq`tihòb` iom bkqq`hi}`r kd imph}

i}}ò}gko.m`dgbg} cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q/ Aqg}grc Lkpqoih kd Vrwbcgi}qw( 976( =61.=67/

Dko}iog( J/( Bkqqim`rbcg( D/( D`hgbg( I/( Ihdi}}g( D/( Ngjhgkqgog( R/( $ Hkmg/ H/ #1660' Bkjog}gt`

iom vcwrgkhkjgbih `dd`b}r kd Kn`ji.2 vkhwpori}pqi}`m di}}w ibgm rpvvh`nò}i}gko go

cìh}cw rpal`b}r/ @pqkvìo Lkpqoih kd Bhgogbih Got`r}gji}gko( 20( 479.477/

Dkqrw}c( I/ $ Dpqhkoj( I/ #1696'/ Ibb`rr }k cgjc`q `mpbi}gko iom mgrimtio}ij`m wkpoj v`kvh`/

Aqg}grc @mpbi}gkoih Q`rìqbc Lkpqoih( 17#1'( 160.110/

Ckqqkber( H/ I/ $ W`k( W/ E/ #9777'/ Cìh}c aò`dg}r kd mkbkric`siòkgb ibgm #MCI'/

Vciqnibkhkjgbih Q`rìqbc( =6#2'( 199.110/

Lk( W.C/( ]ihnij`( M/ I/( $ Qkh`( H/ Z/ #1661'/ Ogbk}gogb q`b`v}kq.n`mgi}`m `dd`b}r ko ivv`}g}`

iom dkkm go}ie`/ Lkpqoih kd O`pqkagkhkjw( 02#='( 493.421/

E`rrh`q( Q/ B/( Imh`q( H/ Aiqeh`w( Q/( Ag`m`qnio( L/( Bkoo`qr( B/ E/( M`nh`q( K/( Diqiko`( R/ T/(

Jq`òcghh( H/ H/( Ckz`r( N/ L/( R`boge( E/( Rvòb`q( ]/( Pr}po( ]/ A/( Zih}`qr( @/ @/( $

\irhitrew( I/ N/ #1664'/ Vq`tihòb` iom bkqq`hi}`r kd imph} IMCM go }c` Pog}`m R}i}`r/

Q`rph}r dqkn Oi}gkoih Bknkqagmg}w Rpqt`w Q`vhgbi}gko/ In`qgbio Lkpqoih kd Vrwbcgi}qw(

942( :94.:12/

Egqaw( I/( Zkkmziqm( I/( Liberko( R/( Zioj( W/( $ Bqizdkqm( N/ I/ #1696'/ Bcghmqò‛r hìqogoj

iom a`citgkpq iom }c` irrkbgi}gko zg}c bc`è b`hh vkhwpori}pqi}`m di}}w ibgm h`t`hr/

Q`rìqbc go M`t`hkvnò}ih Mgriaghg}g`r( 29( :29 ‒ :=1/



1=

Egqecin( ]/ B/ #1663'/ @omkbiooiagokgmr iom }c` o`pqkbc`ngr}qw kd jhp}}kow/ Lkpqoih kd

O`pqkòmkbqgokhkjw( 16( 9677.9966/

Egqecin( ]/ B/ #1667'/ Biooiagokgmr iom ivv`}g}`< Dkkm bqitgoj iom dkkm vhìrpq`/

Go}`qoi}gkoih Q`tg`z kd Vrwbcgi}qw( 19#1'( 942.9:9/

Ekhhgor( R/ C/( NbBh`qoko( L/( $ Dp`nnh`q( A/ D/ #1660'/ Irrkbgi}gko a`}z`ò rnkegoj iom

i}}ò}gko.m`dgbg}+cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q rwnv}knr go i vkvphi}gko.air`m rinvh` kd wkpoj

imph}r/ Iqbcgt`r kd Jò`qih Vrwbcgi}qw( 41( 99=1.99=:/

Hina`q}( O/ N/( $ Ciq}rkpjc( B/ R/ #9773'/ Vqkrv`b}gt` r}pmw kd }kaibbk rnkegoj iom rpar}iob`

m`vòmòbg`r inkoj rinvh`r kd IMCM iom oko.IMCM viq}gbgvio}r/ Lkpqoih kd

Hìqogoj Mgriaghg}g`r( 29( 022.0==/

Nibego( Q/ R/ $ Ckqo`q( N/ M/ #1660'/ Q`hi}gkorcgv kd }c` Zòm`q P}ic Qi}goj Rbih` }k

kal`b}gt` nìrpq`r kd i}}ò}gko/ Bknvq`còrgt` Vrwbcgi}qw5 =4 #4'( =43.=:9/

NbIz`òw( N/( Qkj`qr( O/ H/( Cpmmh`r}ko( B/( Nkkq`( M/( $ Jò}h`( L/ V/ #1696'/ Rwnv}kn

vq`tihòb` kd IMCM go i bknnpog}w q`rgmò}gih rpar}iob` iapr` }qì}nò} vqkjqin/

Lkpqoih kd I}}ò}gko Mgrkqm`qr( 92( 469.463/

NbBioo( A/ R/( Rbc``h`( H/( Ziqm( O( $ Qkw.Awqo`( V/ #1666'/ Mgrbqgngoio} tihgmg}w kd }c`

Zòm`q P}ic Qi}goj Rbih` dkq i}}ò}gko.m`dgbg}+cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q go imph}r/ Lkpqoih kd

O`pqkvrwbcgi}qw $ Bhgogbih O`pqkrbgòb`r( 91( 1=6.1=0/

Ngh}`( B/ N/( Rgoo( O/( $ Ckz`( V/ Q/ B/ #1667'/ Vkhwpori}pqi}`m di}}w ibgm r}i}pr go i}}ò}gko

m`dgbg} cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q( m`vq`rrgko( iom Ih|c`gn`q‛r mgrìr`< ]kziqmr io Kn`ji.2

gom`s dkq nò}ih cìh}c; Op}qg}gko Q`tg`zr( 4: #96'( 0:2.076/



10

Vihkw`hgr( W/( Irc`qrko( V/ $ Epo}rg( L/ #1667'/ Iq` IMCM rwnv}knr irrkbgi}`m zg}c m`hiw

it`qrgko kq bckgb` gnvphrgtg}w; I jò`qih vkvphi}gko r}pmw/ Lkpqoih kd }c` In`qgbio

Ibim`nw kd Bcghm iom Imkh`rbò} Vrwbcgi}qw( =3#3'( 32:.3=4/

V`hrr`q( H/ N/ L/( Dqioeòi( E/(]kkqnio( L/( Rit`hekph( C/ D/ L/( V`q`gqi( Q/ Q/( $ Apg}`hiiq( L/ E/

#1667'/ I qiomkngr`m bko}qkhh`m }qgih go}k }c` `dd`b}r kd dkkm ko IMCM/ @pqkvìo Bcghm $

Imkh`rbò} Vrwbcgi}qw( 93( 91.97/

Vkn`qhip( K/ D/( Mkzo`w( E/ E/( R}`hrko( D/ Z/( $ Vkn`qhip( B/ R/ #9770'/ Bgjiq`}}` rnkegoj go

imph} vi}gò}r mgijokr`m zg}c i}}ò}gko m`dgbg} cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q/ Lkpqoih kd Rpar}iob`

Iapr`( :( 2:2.2:3/

Qgbciqmrko( I/ L/ #166='/ Hkoj.bcigo vkhwpori}pqi}`m di}}w ibgmr go bcghmckkm m`t`hkvnò}ih

iom vrwbcgi}qgb mgrkqm`qr/ Hgvgmr( 27#91'( 9190.9111/

Qkrr( A/ N/( R`jpgo( L/( $ Rg`rziqmi( H/ @/ #166:'/ Kn`ji.2 di}}w ibgm ir }qì}nò} dkq nò}ih

ghho`rr< Zcgbc mgrkqm`q iom zcgbc di}}w ibgm; Hgvgmr go Cìh}c iom Mgrìr`( 4( 19.27/

Rcgdqgo( L/ J/( Vqkb}kq( A/ @/( $ Vq`ti}}( D/ D/ #1696'/ Zkqe v`qdkqniob` mgdd`qòb`r a`}z`ò

bkhh`j` r}pmò}r zg}c iom zg}ckp} IMCM/ Lkpqoih kd I}}ò}gko Mgrkqm`qr( 92( =37.=74/

Rgnko( T/( B|kakq( V/( Aéhgo}( R/( Nçr|éqkr( I/( $ Ag}}`q( G/ #1667'/ Vq`tihòb` iom bkqq`hi}`r kd

imph} i}}ò}gko.m`dgbg} cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q< N`}i.ioihwrgr/ ]c` Aqg}grc Lkpqoih kd

Vrwbcgi}qw( 97=( 16=.199/

Rgojc( N/ #1660'/ @rrò}gih di}}w ibgmr( MCI iom cpnio aqigo/ Gomgio Lkpqoih kd V`mgi}qgbr( :1(

127.1=1/



14

Rgoo( O/ #166:'/ Vcwrgbih di}}w ibgm m`dgbgòbw rgjor go bcghmqò zg}c IMCM rwnv}knr/

Vqkr}ijhiomgor( H`pek}qgò`r iom @rrò}gih Ibgmr( :: #1'( 967.990/

Rgoo( O/ #1663'/ Op}qg}gkoih iom mg`}iqw godhpòb`r ko i}}ò}gko m`dgbg} cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q/

Op}qg}gko Q`tg`zr( 44 #96'( 003.043/

Rgoo( O/ $ Aqwio( L/ A/ #166:'/ @dd`b} kd rpvvh`nò}i}gko zg}c vkhwpori}pqi}`m di}}w ibgmr iom

ngbqkop}qgò}r ko hìqogoj iom a`citgkq vqkah`nr irrkbgi}`m zg}c bcghm IMCM/ Lkpqoih kd

M`t`hkvnò}ih iom A`citgkqih V`mgi}qgbr( 13( 31.79/

Rkc( O/( Zih}`q( J/( Aipq( H/( $ Bkhhgor( B/ #1667'/ Op}qg}gko( nkkm iom a`citgkq< I q`tg`z/

Ib}i O`pqkvrwbcgi}qgbi( 19( 19=.11:/

Rvòb`q( ]/ L/( Imh`q( H/ I/( Ygik( N/( Riwhkq( E/ @/( Aqkzo( ]/ @/( Ckhmoibe( L/ I/( $ Rbcpc E/

I/ #1696'/ Tihgmi}gko kd }c` Imph} IMCM Got`r}gji}kq Rwnv}kn Qi}goj Rbih` #IGRQR'/

Lkpqoih kd I}}ò}gko Mgrkqm`qr( 9=( 0:.43/

R}qgbehiom( M/ $ Jqit`r( E/ #9771'/ Rnkegoj r}i}pr iom mg`}iqw di}r/ Vq`tò}gt` N`mgbgo`( 19#1'(

113.124/

Rphhgtio( N/ I/( $ Qpmoge.H`tgo( D/ #1669'/ I}}ò}gko+m`dgbg}+cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q iom

rpar}iob` iapr`/ Mgijokr}gb iom }c`qiv`p}gb bkorgm`qi}gkor/ Iooihr kd }c` O`z Wkqe Ibim`nw

kd Rbgòb`r( 729( 109.1:6/

Rptiqoi( A/ R/ #1663'/ R`bq`}r kd Kn`ji.2 kgh/ Ei}cniomp Pogt`qrg}w N`mgbih Lkpqoih( 4 #2'(

=64.=99/

]knhgorko( M/( Zghegorko( C/ $ Zghegorko( V/ #1667'/ Mg`} iom nò}ih cìh}c go bcghmqò/ Bcghm

iom Imkh`rbò} Nò}ih Cìh}c( 9=#2'( 9=3 ‒ 900/



1:

Zòm`q( V/ C/( Zkhd( H/ @/( $ Zirr`qr}`go( L/ #1669'/ Imph}r zg}c IMCM/ Io kt`qtg`z/ Iooihr

kd }c` O`z Wkqe Ibim`nw kd Rbgòb`r( 729( 9.94/

Zghòr( ]/ @/ #1664'/ I}}ò}gko m`dgbg} cwv`qib}gtg}w mgrkqm`q iom rpar}iob` pr` mgrkqm`qr/

In`qgbio Lkpqoih kd Vrwbcgi}qw( 942#91'( 1607.1642/

Zghòr( ]/ @/( $ Dprghhk( R/ #166:'/ Zcò IMCM iom rpar}iob` pr` mgrkqm`qr go}`qr`b}<

Q`hi}gkorcgv iom }qì}nò} gnvhgbi}gkor/ Bpqqò} Vrwbcgi}qw Q`vkq}r( 7( =63.=9=/

Zghòr( ]/ @/( Iminrko( L/( Rjinai}g( R/( Zcg}h`w( L/( Rio}qw( I/( Nkop}ìps( N/ B/( $

Ag`m`qnio( L/ #166:'/ Mk gomgtgmpihr zg}c IMCM r`hd.n`mgbi}` zg}c bgjiq`}}`r iom

rpar}iob`r kd iapr`; Q`rph}r dqkn i bko}qkhh`m dinghw r}pmw kd IMCM/ ]c` In`qgbio Lkpqoih

ko Immgb}gkor( 94( 9=.12/



13

Ivv`omgs



17

Ivvòmgs 9< Viq}gbgvio} godkqni}gko rc``}

VIQ]GBGVIO] GODKQNI]GKO RC@@]

]g}h` kd R}pmw<

Io @svhkqi}gko kd }c` Q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò IMCM Rwnv}knkhkjw( Q`bqì}gkoih Mqpj Pr`

iom Di}}w Ibgm M`dgbgòbw go i Okqnih Vkvphi}gko/

Q`rìqbc`q#r'< Mgkoo` Mkoo`hhw

Vqgobgvih Got`r}gji}kq< Mq Lpmg}c Rng}c

Wkp iq` a`goj gotg}`m }k viq}gbgvi}` go i q`rìqbc r}pmw/ A`dkq` wkp m`bgm` zc`}c`q }kviq}gbgvi}`( g} gr gnvkq}io} dkq wkp }k pom`qr}iom zcw }c` q`rìqbc gr a`goj mko` iom zci} g} zghh

gotkht`/ Vhìr` }ie` }gn` }k qìm }c` dkhhkzgoj godkqni}gko biq`dphhw iom d``h dq`` }k ire pr gd wkp

zkphm hge` nkq` godkqni}gko kq gd }c`q` gr iow}cgoj wkp mk ok} pom`qr}iom/ Vhìr` ihrk d``h dq``

}k mgrbprr }cgr zg}c dqgòmr iom }c` q`rìqbc`q gd wkp zgrc/ Z` zkphm hge` }k r}q`rr }ci} wkp mkok} cit` }k ibb`v} }cgr gotg}i}gko iom rckphm kohw ijq`` }k }ie` viq} gd wkp zio} }k/

]cioe wkp dkq qìmgoj }cgr/

Vir} q`rìqbc cir gomgbi}`m }ci} nkr} v`kvh` `scgag} i} hìr} rkn` kd }c`

rwnv}knr+bciqib}`qgr}gbr kd I}}ò}gko M`dgbg} Cwv`qib}gtg}w Mgrkqm`q #IMCM'/ ]c` IMCM

yp`r}gkooigq` pr`m go }cgr r}pmw vqktgm`r i rbkq` gomgbi}goj }c` h`t`h kd IMCM

rwnv}knkhkjw( zcgbc bio }cò a` qioe`m go }`qnr kd r`t`qg}w kohw zg}cgo }cgr rinvh`/

]cgr r}pmw ignr }k got`r}gji}` }c` q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò IMCM rwnv}knkhkjw( q`bqì}gkoihmqpj+ihbkckh pr` iom di}}w ibgm m`dgbgòbw/ Q`rìqbc cir rckzo }ci} gomgtgmpihr mgijokr`m zg}c

IMCM iq` nkq` hge`hw }k pr` q`bqì}gkoih mqpjr iom }k rckz rgjor kd di}}w ibgm #kn`ji.2'

m`dgbgòbw/ ]cgr r}pmw zghh ihrk gomgbi}` gd }c`q` gr i q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò m`jq`` kd mqpj pr` iom

di}}w ibgm m`dgbgòbw rwnv}knr/ ]cgr q`rìqbc niw cit` r`qgkpr gnvhgbi}gkor dkq }c` mgijokrgr kd IMCM( iom dkq mqpj go}`qtò}gko vqkjqinn`r/

Wkp zghh a` ire`m }k bknvh`}` yp`r}gkooigq`r zcgbc zghh irr`rr h`t`hr kd }c` dkhhkzgoj<IMCM rwnv}knr

Q`bqì}gkoih mqpj+ihbkckh pr`

Di}}w ibgm m`dgbgòbw rwnv}knr



26

Ih}kj`}c`q }c` yp`r}gkooigq`r bkorgr} kd 02 yp`r}gkor iom rckphm }ie` wkp ivvqks/ 90.16 ngop}`r}k bknvh`}`/ Vhìr` iorz`q ihh yp`r}gkor ir ibbpqi}`hw ir vkrrgah`/

Gd wkp rckphm `sv`qgòb` iow mgrbkndkq} kq mgrimtio}ij` ir viq} kd }c` q`rìqbc vhìr` }`hh }c`

q`rìqbc`q #r' gnn`mgi}`hw/

Gd wkp iq` pocivvw zg}c iow irv`b} kd }c` r}pmw( kq gd }c`q` gr i vqkah`n/ Vhìr` d``h dq`` }k h`} pr

eokz aw bko}ib}goj }c` Vqgobgvih Got`r}gji}kq( Mq Lpmg}c Rng}c ko 6909 :7= 1709# lpmgrFhgt/ib/pe ' iom z` zghh }qw }k c`hv/ Gd wkp q`nigo pocivvw kq cit` i bknvhigo} zcgbc wkp

d``h wkp biook} bkn` }k pr zg}c( }cò wkp rckphm bko}ib} }c` Q`rìqbc Jkt`qoiob` Kddgb`q ko

6909 :7= 3176 #`}cgbrFhgt/ib/pe '/ Zcò bko}ib}goj }c` Q`rìqbc Jkt`qoiob` Kddgb`q( vhìr`vqktgm` m`}ighr kd }c` oin` kq m`rbqgv}gko kd }c` r}pmw #rk }ci} g} bio a` gmò}gdg`m'( }c`

q`rìqbc`q#r' gotkht`m( iom }c` m`}ighr kd }c` bknvhigo} wkp zgrc }k nie`/

Ihh godkqni}gko bkhh`b}`m zghh a` pr`m kohw dkq }c` vpqvkr` kd }c` q`rìqbc iom zghh a` e`v}

bkodgmò}gih/ Mi}i zghh a` iokowngr`m iom kohw }c` Q`rìqbc`q#r' iom }c` Vqgobgvih Got`r}gji}kqzghh cit` ibb`rr }k }c` mi}i/

Wkp iq` z`hbkn` }k ivvhw }k }c` Vqgobgvih Got`r}gji}kq( Mq Lpmg}c Rng}c( dkq i rpnniqw kd }c`

q`rph}r kd }c` r}pmw/

Wkp niw zg}cmqiz dqkn }c` r}pmw i} iow }gn`( zg}ckp} `svhioi}gko iom gd wkp rk zgrc wkpq mi}i

zghh a` q`nkt`m dqkn }c` r}pmw iom m`r}qkw`m/

Gd wkp cit` iow dpq}c`q yp`r}gkor vhìr` bko}ib} }c` Vqgobgvih Got`r}gji}kq<

Mq Lpmg}c I/ Rng}c

Rbckkh Kd Vrwbckhkjw

Pogt`qrg}w kd Hgt`qvkkh@hìokq Qi}cako` Apghmgoj

A`mdkqm R}q``}

Hgt`qvkkhH47 :\I

]`h< 6909.:7=.1709`.nigh< lpmgrFhgt/ib/pe

mailto:[email protected]










29

Ivvòmgs 1< Bkorò} dkqn

BKOR@O] DKQN

]g}h` kd R}pmw<

Io @svhkqi}gko kd }c` Q`hi}gkorcgv a`}z`ò IMCM Rwnv}knkhkjw( Q`bqì}gkoih Mqpj Pr`

iom Di}}w Ibgm M`dgbgòbw go i Okqnih Vkvphi}gko/

Q`rìqbc`q< Mgkoo` Mkoo`hhw

Vqgobgvih Got`r}gji}kq< Mq Lpmg}c Rng}c

Viq}gbgvio} Oin` Mi}` Rgjoi}pq`

Q`rìqbc`q Mi}` Rgjoi}pq`

]c` bko}ib} m`}ighr kd hìm Q`rìqbc`q #Vqgobgvih Got`r}gji}kq' iq`<

Mq Lpmg}c I/ Rng}c( Rbckkh Kd Vrwbckhkjw( Pogt`qrg}w kd Hgt`qvkkh( @hìokq Qi}cako`

Apghmgoj( A`mdkqm R}q``}( Hgt`qvkkh( H47 :\I/ ]`h< 6909.:7=.1709 `.nigh< lpmgrFhgt/ib/pe

Vhìr`gog}gih

aks

9/ G bkodgqn }ci} G cit` qìm iom cit` pom`qr}kkm }c`

godkqni}gko rc``} mi}`m Kb}ka`q 166:( dkq }c` iakt` r}pmw/ G

cit` cim }c` kvvkq}pog}w }k bkorgm`q }c` godkqni}gko( ire

yp`r}gkor iom cit` cim }c`r` iorz`q`m ri}grdib}kqghw/

1/ G pom`qr}iom }ci} nw viq}gbgvi}gko gr tkhpo}iqw iom }ci} G in

dq`` }k zg}cmqiz i} iow }gn` zg}ckp} jgtgoj iow qìrko(zg}ckp} nw qgjc}r a`goj idd`b}`m/

2/ G pom`qr}iom }ci}( pom`q }c` Mi}i Vqk}`b}gko Ib}( G bio i} iow

}gn` ire dkq ibb`rr }k }c` godkqni}gko G vqktgm` iom G bio ihrk

q`yp`r} }c` m`r}qpb}gko kd }ci} godkqni}gko gd G zgrc/

=/ G ijq`` }k }ie` viq} go }c` iakt` r}pmw/



21

Ivvòmgs 2< Yp`r}gkooigq`

Zòm`q P}ic Qi}goj Rbih`

Dkq ìbc yp`r}gko( vhìr` }gbe }c` aks }ci} wkp }cgoe a`r} ni}bc`r wkp<

Ok} i}

ihh kq

qiq`hw

Rkn`zci}

kq

rkn`}gn`r

Ypg}`

i ag}

T`qw

kd}ò

9/ Mk wkp cit` mgddgbph}w zg}c bkobò}qi}goj( ngom ziom`qgoj iom

mgr}qib}iaghg}w;

1/ Mk v`kvh` bknvhigo }ci} wkp mko‛} viw i}}ò}gko }k }c`n zcò

}c`w‛q` }ihegoj;

2/ Mk wkp cit` mgddgbph}w e``vgoj wkpq ngom ko qìmgoj ni}`qgihr;

=/ Iq` wkp dkqj`}dph iom hkr` kq ngrvhib` }cgojr hge` biq e`wr( vpqr`(

zihh`} }b;

0/ Iq` wkp dgmj`}w;

4/ Mk wkp mqpn zg}c wkpq dgoj`qr( egbe kq }iv zg}c wkpq dkk};

:/ Iq` wkp q`r}h`rr( bio‛} rg} r}ghh( ihziwr ko }c` jk;

3/ Mk wkp }ihe }kk npbc; Mk k}c`q v`kvh` d``h wkp }ihe }kk npbc;

7/ Mk wkp cit` mgddgbph}w q`hisgoj;

96/ Mk wkp cit` }qkpah` rg}}goj r}ghh }cqkpjc i nktg kq ]T rckz; Mk

wkp j`} pv dqkn }c` }iah` gnn`mgi}`hw id}`q mgoo`q;

99/ Mk wkp cit` i ‟rckq} dpr`‛ kq i ‟hkz akghgoj vkgo}‛;

91/ Iq` wkp gqqg}iah`;

92/ Mk wkp ‟e``v wkpq ioj`q go‛;

9=/ Zcò wkp iq` iojqw mk wkp hkr` bko}qkh t`qaihhw;

90/ Zcò wkp iq` iojqw mk wkp hkr` bko}qkh vcwrgbihhw;

94/ Iq` wkp #kq cit` wkp a`ò' m`vq`rr`m( rim( ahp`( mkzo go }c` mpnvr;

Mk wkp cit` v`qgkmr zcò wkp j`} `sbg}`m( ‟dhwgoj‛( jkgoj }kk dir};

9:/ Mk`r wkpq nkkm bcioj` pv iom mkzo hge i qkhh`q bkir}`q;

93/ Mk wkp d``h ‟mkzo ko wkpqr`hd‛( r`hd .bqg}gbih( cit` hkz r`hd.`r}``n;

97/ Mk wkp kt`q.qìb} }k vq`rrpq`; Mk wkp d``h ìrghw r}q rr`m( dhpr}`q`m(

cirrh`m( m`vq`rr`m( iojqw;

16/ Mk wkp cit` vqkah`nr zg}c kt qr}gnphi}gko kq jkgoj }kk dir};

19/ Mk wkp nie` ‟nkpo}igor kp} kd nkh`cghhr‛( kq ‟ahkz }cgojr pv kp} kd

vqkvkq}gko‛;

11/ Mk wkp cit` }qkpah` vhioogoj+kqjiogrgoj wkpq }gn`+nko`w+zkqe;

12/ Mk wkp cit` vqkah`nr r}iq}goj mgddgbph} vqkl`b}r( kq mk wkp vp} }cgojr

kdd( vqkbqir}goi} ;

1=/ Cit` wkp cim vqkah`nr a`bipr` kd riwgoj kq mkgoj }cgojr a dkq`

wkp‛t` }ckpjc} }cgojr kp};



22

10/ Mk wkp go}`qqpv} k}c`qr zcò }c w iq` }ihegoj;

14/ Mk wkp nie` gnv`}pkpr m`bgrgkor( air m ko iojqw d``hgojr;

1:/ Iq` wkp q`beh`rr;

13/ Mk k}c`qr q`jiqm wkp kq mk wkp q`jiqm wkpqr`hd ir gnvi}gò}( dkq

`sinvh`( zcgh` mqgtgoj( zg}c bcghmqò kq k}c`qr;17/ Mk wkp ib} dgqr} iom }cgoe hi}`q( dkq `sinvh` mk wkp gnvphr` apw;

26/ Mk wkp cit` }qkpah` r}gbegoj }k }cgojr kob` r}iq}`m( kq mk wkp lpnv

dqkn ko` }ire }k iok}c`q a`dkq` dgogrcgoj }c` dgqr};

DIMR Rwnv}knkhkjw Rbih`

Ckz npbc zkphm wkp riw wkp ijq`` zg}c ìbc kd }c`r` r}i}`nò}r;

Ok} i}

ihh kq

qiq`hw

Rkn`zci}

kq

rkn`}gn`r

Ypg}`

i ag}

T`qw

kd}ò

29/ G j`} }cgqr}w/

21/ G o``m }k pqgoi}` nkq` }cio k}c`q v`kvh`/

22/ Nw cigq gr mqw/

2=/ Nw rego gr mqw/

20/ Nw oighr iq` rkd} iom+kq aqg}}h`/

24/ G rpdd`q dqkn miomqpdd/

2:/ G j`} qigr`m q`m apnvr }ci} ivvìq ko nw rego/

23/ G cit` i cìh}cw aihiob`m mg }/

27/ G ì} kghw dgrc #rpbc ir dq`rc Uok} }goo m^ }poi( egvv`qr }b'/

=6/ G ì} miqe( hìdw t`j`}iah`r #rpbc ir rvgoibc iom jq` o biaaij`'/

=9/ V`kvh` cit` `svq`rr m bkob`qo kt`q nw mg`}/

=1/ G ì} op}r iom+kq r``mr/

=2/ G ì} dir} dkkm #rpbc ir vg||ir iom }ie`.iziwr'/

==/ G ì} n ihr bko}igogoj i nì} vqkmpb}/

=0/ G bkorpn` migqw vqkmpb}r/

=4/ G }ie` kn`ji.2+kn`ji.4 rpvvh`nò} bivrph`r/



2=

Iom dgoihhw( vhìr` iorz`q }c` dkhhkzgoj yp`r}gkor q`jiqmgoj mqpj pr`<

=:/ Zcgbc kd }c dkhhkzgoj mqpjr cit` wkp pr`m i} hìr} kob`; #Vhìr` bgqbh` wkpq iorz`qr'

Invc`}ingo` C`qkgo @br}irw Bkbigo` Biooiagr

]qioypghhgr`qr Oihksko` Bqibe HRM Jhp`+Rkhtò}r

‟Nijgb Nprcqkknr‛ E`}ingo` Vkvv`qr Oko`

=3/ Zcgbc kd }c` dkhhkzgoj mqpjr mk wkp bpqqò}hw pr ( kq cit` pr`m go }c` vir}( ko i digqhwq`jphiq airgr ; #Vhìr` bgqbh` wkpq iorz`qr'

Invc`}ingo` C`qkgo @br}irw Bkbigo` Biooiagr

]qioypghhgr`qr Oihksko` Bqibe HRM Jhp`+Rkhtò}r

‟Nijgb Nprcqkknr‛ E`}ingo` Vkvv`qr Oko`

=7/ Ckz kd} o mk wkp cit` i mqgoe bko}igogoj ihbkckh;

O`t`q Nko}chw ]zk }k dkpq ]zk }k }cq`` Dkpq kq nkq`

kq h`rr }gn`r i nko}c }gn`r i z`è }gn`r i z`è

06/ Ckz niow mqgoer bko}igogoj ihbkckh mk wkp cit` ko i }wvgbih miw zcò wkp iq` mqgoegoj;

9 kq 1 2 kq = 0 kq 4 : }k 7 96 kq nkq`

09/ Ckz kd}ò mk wkp cit` rgs kq nkq` mqgoer ko ko` kbbirgko;

O`t`q H`rr }cio nko}chw Nko}chw Z`èhw Mighw kq ihnkr} mighw

01/ Gd wkp rnke ( vhìr` `r}gni}` ckz niow bgjiq`}}`r wkp }wvgbihhw rnke` go i z`è<

[[[[[[[[[[[

02/ Gd wkp pr` biooiagr( vhìr` `r}gni}` ckz niow lkgo}r wkp }wvgbihhw rnke` go i z`è<

[[[[[[[[[[[

]cioe wkp t`qw npbc dkq }iegoj viq} go }cgr r}pmw/

Wkpq }gn` iom `ddkq} gr npbc ivvq`bgi}`m/



20

Ivvòmgs =< Qiz Mi}i/

VV Ij` Jòm`q ZPQR DIMR Bioo/ Ihb/ Bgj/

9 93 D`nih` 43 24 6 96 6

1 16 D`nih` 41 17 6 4 62 19 D`nih` 01 06 6 7 6

= 19 D`nih` 46 == 6 7 6

0 19 D`nih` 01 2= 6 4 6

4 93 Nih` 04 2: 6 9= 6

: 16 D`nih` 04 2= 6 99 96

3 97 D`nih` 4= 2: 6 91 6

7 97 D`nih` :2 =1 1 7 :6

96 97 Nih` 0= 2: 6 99 6

99 16 Nih` =9 24 2 91 6

91 97 D`nih` =1 14 6 96 6

92 93 Nih` 21 23 6 : 6

9= 93 D`nih` 03 =1 6 99 6

90 93 D`nih` 2= 13 6 = 694 19 D`nih` 4: 21 0 91 =6

9: 93 D`nih` =7 =1 6 99 6

93 97 D`nih` =3 27 6 = 6

97 19 Nih` 0= 23 6 91 16

16 97 D`nih` 22 29 6 : 6

19 16 D`nih` =7 =9 6 7 6

11 93 D`nih` =3 23 6 96 6

12 97 D`nih` 01 22 6 91 6

1= 97 D`nih` =1 21 6 99 6

10 26 D`nih` 06 02 6 4 6

14 23 D`nih` :6 10 6 : 6

1: 19 Nih` =6 2= 6 1 1

13 13 Nih` 49 24 6 99 6

17 12 Nih` 27 23 6 : 6

26 93 D`nih` 4= 21 6 4 6

29 10 D`nih` 03 2= 6 99 6

21 16 D`nih` 02 == 6 91 6

22 93 D`nih` 09 =0 6 99 6

2= 1: Nih` 04 =6 : 91 6

20 97 D`nih` 02 27 6 3 6

24 16 D`nih` =: 24 0 7 0

2: 16 D`nih` 00 17 6 4 6

23 16 Nih` =9 2= 6 91 6

27 16 Nih` =7 26 9 4 26

=6 19 Nih` 43 27 6 3 96

=9 19 Nih` =4 2= 6 7 6

=1 1= Nih` =1 27 6 91 :6

=2 93 Nih` :9 27 6 96 6

== 16 D`nih` 06 22 6 91 6

=0 16 D`nih` :3 27 6 91 6

=4 19 D`nih` 40 27 6 91 6

=: 97 Nih` 0: 27 6 92 6

=3 16 D`nih` 01 =0 6 96 =0

=7 19 D`nih` 37 20 6 91 6

VV Ij` Jòm`q ZPQR DIMR Bioo/ Ihb/ Bgj/

06 1= Nih` 01 2= 6 3 6

09 16 Nih` 4= 2: 6 7 6

01 19 D`nih` :: 24 6 92 6

02 16 D`nih` :9 27 6 91 6

0= 97 Nih` 24 22 6 7 6

00 97 Nih` =2 =1 6 1 604 97 Nih` 77 2: 6 99 91

0: 16 Nih` 07 2= 6 96 6

03 16 D`nih` =4 2= 6 91 6

07 16 D`nih` 4: 29 6 1 6

46 16 D`nih` 3: 24 6 1 6

49 16 D`nih` 01 22 6 1 6

41 97 D`nih` 06 =3 6 3 6

42 93 D`nih` =3 =9 6 96 6

4= 26 D`nih` =4 20 19 4 :6

40 14 Nih` 41 09 0 96 :6

44 16 D`nih` 42 24 96 91 26

4: 93 Nih` 0: 24 6 0 16

43 97 Nih` 03 =3 6 3 647 12 Nih` 42 27 6 : 6

:6 93 Nih` :1 13 6 0 6

:9 10 Nih` 03 12 : 7 16

:1 17 Nih` =0 2= 1 91 96

:2 97 Nih` 3: 17 6 4 6

:= 19 D`nih` 4: 24 6 1 6

:0 12 D`nih` 09 23 6 7 6

:4 12 D`nih` 04 20 2 99 0

:: 97 Nih` 00 =1 9 96 6

:3 16 Nih` 46 =: 6 0 6

:7 10 Nih` =3 =9 6 3 6

36 97 D`nih` 27 06 6 1 6

39 93 D`nih` 0= =4 6 7 96

31 1= D`nih` 0: 2= 6 = 96

32 11 Nih` 04 26 6 7 6

3= 97 Nih` =7 1: 6 = 6

30 97 Nih` =1 17 6 0 6

34 93 Nih` =3 29 9 4 6

3: 97 Nih` 09 2= 6 3 6

33 14 Nih` 04 10 = 96 6

37 12 D`nih` 0= 17 6 3 6

76 16 D`nih` 43 23 2 4 =6

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DIMR< Rbkq` ko DIMR rbih`/

Bioo/< Biooiagr rbkq`/

Ihb/< Ihbkckh rbkq`/

Bgj/< Bgjiq`}}` rbkq`/



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Rgj/ #9.}igh`m' /137 /232 /196 /666 /279 /611

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Exploring the Relationship between ADHD, Drug Use & Fatty Acid Deficiency

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Transcript of Exploring the Relationship between ADHD, Drug Use & Fatty Acid Deficiency