Explorers NotesExplorers Notes

Miss SpringbornMiss Springborn

Team 6- Social Team 6- Social StudiesStudies

Some key words to know….Some key words to know….

• ExploreExplore- to search an area for - to search an area for purposes of discoverypurposes of discovery

• ExplorerExplorer- a person who investigates - a person who investigates unknown regionsunknown regions

• ExplorationExploration- the journey to search- the journey to search

• Discovery-Discovery- the act or instance of the act or instance of discovering (to find)discovering (to find)

The First Explorers…The First Explorers…

• 70,000 BC- 12,000 70,000 BC- 12,000 BCBC– There was a land There was a land

bridge from Siberia bridge from Siberia to to AlaskaAlaska

– This land bridge This land bridge crossed the crossed the Bering Bering StraitStrait

Then….Then….•Around Around 8,000 BC8,000 BC

the people in the the people in the New World started New World started to migrate south to migrate south from the upper from the upper areas of areas of Siberia Siberia and Alaskaand Alaska down down into into Canada, and Canada, and New MexicoNew Mexico

Then..Then..•Around Around 5,000 5,000

BCBC people began people began to migrate from to migrate from the the North North AmericanAmerican continent down continent down into the into the South South AmericanAmerican continent.continent.

The Vikings are coming…The Vikings are coming…

• Sometime between Sometime between 800-1000 AD800-1000 AD the Vikings led by the Vikings led by Leif EricksonLeif Erickson headed west from headed west from Greenland and Greenland and IcelandIceland..

• They traveled to They traveled to Newfoundland, Newfoundland, Nova ScotiaNova Scotia, and possibly as far , and possibly as far south as south as Cape Cod.Cape Cod.

• After three years they were run out After three years they were run out of North America by of North America by hostile nativeshostile natives

Columbus sails the ocean blueColumbus sails the ocean blue

• In the year 1492, In the year 1492, Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus sails for the country of sails for the country of SpainSpain

• He sailed He sailed WESTWEST instead instead of eastof east

• He landed in what he He landed in what he called the called the West IndiesWest Indies but it was actually the but it was actually the Caribbean IslandsCaribbean Islands

Columbus’s Voyeges…Columbus’s Voyeges…

A little Humor…A little Humor…

Evidence of Early Evidence of Early Exploration…Exploration…• How do we know this is what happened?How do we know this is what happened?

– Scientists and Archeologists use many different Scientists and Archeologists use many different forms of evidence to put together a timeline of forms of evidence to put together a timeline of past events. past events.

– Examples include… Examples include… Artifacts, bones, carbon-Artifacts, bones, carbon-datingdating, languages, human DNA and blood types, , languages, human DNA and blood types, weapons, tools, potteryweapons, tools, pottery,, and plant and plant movements.movements.

Real Evidence…Real Evidence…

Factors that led to Factors that led to ExplorationExploration• Exploration did not just happen….Exploration did not just happen….• It took a combination of many It took a combination of many

different factors to drive explorers different factors to drive explorers out into the oceans out into the oceans

• The main reasons can be grouped The main reasons can be grouped into four categories…into four categories…– Geographic Geographic (where you live),(where you live), – Economic Economic (money Reasons)(money Reasons)– Technological Technological (advances in inventions)(advances in inventions)– Political Political (governments and countries)(governments and countries)

Geographic Factors:Geographic Factors:

• Land RouteLand Route to Asia took too long, to Asia took too long, needed to find a faster wayneeded to find a faster way

• Portuguese explorers found route to Asia Portuguese explorers found route to Asia by by sailing to the southsailing to the south around Africa around Africa

• People in Europe started to wonder People in Europe started to wonder about what other routes were out about what other routes were out there…there…

Economic Reasons…Economic Reasons… (money)(money)

• MonopolyMonopoly of trade routes by Venice and Genoa, of trade routes by Venice and Genoa, knew the safe trade routes, didn’t want to share knew the safe trade routes, didn’t want to share themthem

• High PricesHigh Prices of goods because of of goods because of distancedistance and and passing through many hands. Everyone that passing through many hands. Everyone that helps get the goods to their destination gets helps get the goods to their destination gets some profit…price goes up when more people some profit…price goes up when more people helphelp

• Portuguese Portuguese contact with contact with AfricaAfrica resulted in new resulted in new source for goods (such as gold, salt, rubber, etc.)source for goods (such as gold, salt, rubber, etc.)

Technological Factors… Technological Factors… (inventions)(inventions)

• Improvements in sails, Improvements in sails, shipbuilding,shipbuilding, and navigational and navigational instrumentsinstruments

• Examples of such inventions Examples of such inventions include….include….– Astrolabe- Astrolabe- determines latitude and determines latitude and

longitudelongitude– Compass- Compass- determines directiondetermines direction– Caravel- Caravel- faster, larger than other faster, larger than other

shipsships

More Technological More Technological Factors…Factors…• Prince HenryPrince Henry of Portugal of Portugal• He starts a school for navigators in He starts a school for navigators in

his home country of Portugalhis home country of Portugal• Invites people from all over Europe Invites people from all over Europe

including navigators, including navigators, ship captains, ship captains, sailors, and cartographerssailors, and cartographers (mapmakers) to come and learn at (mapmakers) to come and learn at his school.his school.

Political Factors…. Political Factors…. (governments and Countries (governments and Countries get involved)get involved)• A group called the A group called the Ottoman TurksOttoman Turks

controlled much of land and known sea controlled much of land and known sea routes…would charge you a fee to pass routes…would charge you a fee to pass through their country or not let you gothrough their country or not let you go

• A collection of A collection of small kingdomssmall kingdoms changed changed into large nations, with into large nations, with large armieslarge armies and and lots of lots of moneymoney to fund trips and explorers to fund trips and explorers

• Portugal Portugal became a leader by finding became a leader by finding a a new route to Asianew route to Asia, a new source of goods , a new source of goods to be traded. This made other countries to be traded. This made other countries want to explore and find goods also.want to explore and find goods also.

Trade Routes between 1200- Trade Routes between 1200- 14001400

Results of Discoveries…Results of Discoveries…

• Columbus’s voyages caused a chain Columbus’s voyages caused a chain reaction….reaction….

• Because of his discovery other European Because of his discovery other European Countries such as Countries such as Portugal, France, Portugal, France, England, and the NetherlandsEngland, and the Netherlands paid paid explorers to sail around the world explorers to sail around the world finding and claiming new land, new finding and claiming new land, new trade routes, and new goods to buy and trade routes, and new goods to buy and sellsell

More Results….More Results….• Columbus changed exploration and Columbus changed exploration and

transformed the transformed the New WorldNew World• Columbus took the Columbus took the cultureculture from the from the

Native peoplesNative peoples that inhabited the that inhabited the new worlds leading to their new worlds leading to their near near disappearancedisappearance

• Columbus started the Columbus started the transatlantic transatlantic slave trade,slave trade, which created the which created the institution of slavery as we in institution of slavery as we in America knew it to exist until 1865America knew it to exist until 1865

Words to know and Words to know and understand…understand…

• Slavery-Slavery- the practice of slaveholding, the practice of slaveholding, working against one’s own willworking against one’s own will

• Racism- Racism- discrimination against discrimination against members of one or more race; belief members of one or more race; belief that certain people/ races are superior that certain people/ races are superior to othersto others

• Ethnocentrism- Ethnocentrism- the belief that one’s the belief that one’s own culture is better than other own culture is better than other cultures or ethnic groupscultures or ethnic groups

More Words to know…More Words to know…

• Circumnavigate- Circumnavigate- to sail completely to sail completely around the worldaround the world

• Northwest Passage-Northwest Passage- a non-existent a non-existent path through North America that path through North America that early explorers searched for, which early explorers searched for, which would allow ships to sail from the would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to Pacific oceanAtlantic to Pacific ocean

And just a few more words to And just a few more words to know…know…

• Columbian Exchange-Columbian Exchange- transfer of transfer of plants, animals, and diseases plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas, Europe, and between the Americas, Europe, and AfricaAfrica

• Straight- Straight- narrow winding sea narrow winding sea passagepassage

• Capital-Capital- money or property that is money or property that is used to earn more moneyused to earn more money

A poem that Jacob got in A poem that Jacob got in school…school…Sing it to the tune of row, row, Sing it to the tune of row, row,

row your boat…row your boat…Sail, Sail, Sail three ships,Sail, Sail, Sail three ships,Slowly through the sea.Slowly through the sea.Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria,Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria,Count them one, two, threeCount them one, two, three

Land, Land, Land they saw,Land, Land, Land they saw,After many days.After many days.Hurray, Hurray, for Hurray, Hurray, for Columbus,Columbus,The man who found the The man who found the way.way.

Not really the end of the Not really the end of the story…story…A lot more to come…A lot more to come…