Progressive Era NotesUnit 3: Miss Springborn, Team 6

Student Name _____________________________________________________________________________ Class

Period ____________________________________

November-December 2012

As the Civil War ended, increased _____________ caused American _____________to grow. As cities grew new problems arose. _____________________swung into action in areas such as city government, politics, public schools, and the workplace. African Americans, American Indians, immigrants, and women also called for reforms.

Fill in NOTES on this side: Create a picture(s) ofthe main ideas of each section:

The Gilded Age:

Many people refer to the time period at the end of the 1800’s to the

early 1900’s as the ________________________. This nickname came from

__________________________, a famous author, who said from a distance

______________________________________ looked golden but when you looked

up close it was actually “gilded” (coated with cheap gold paint).

Corruption in Politics:

Powerful organization called __________________________________________

influenced city and county politics

They used both ___________________________________________________ ways to

get candidates elected to office

They would ________________________

voters, election officials, get only

one candidate listed on the ballot,

paid for votes, and even hire the

people who counted the votes to

make sure it turned out the way

they wanted

Political machines where run by powerful __________________________

Bosses traded favors for ___________________________

Most bosses got support from new ________________________________ who

needed more help to get by

One of the most famous political bosses:

William Marcy __________________________of

New York City reportedly stole as much

as _________________________ from the City

Treasury during his time in power

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Even the federal government was corrupt: especially the

administration of __________________________________. Many of his officials

were arrested in plots to avoid paying taxes and went to jail

How do we solve Political Corruption?

The nation passes ____________________________________________________

Civil Service is the term used to describe government jobs… for

example: police, fireman, state troopers, IRS workers, and all other

government jobs are considered to be Civil Service Jobs

This was supposed to help put the most ______________________________

candidates in the job

You had to take a test about your test and show certain skills

People were then __________________________ (highest to lowest) based

on their test scores and would get picked for job openings that way

This was to prevent unqualified and _______________________________

officials from getting government jobs

The law passed in 1883 was called the _______________________________

and set up a merit system controlled by the Civil Service

Commission. Today it covers almost _________ of all government jobs

Questions about Political Corruption:1. Explain how bosses and political machines controlled city

governments:

2. What led to Civil Service Reform?

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3. How did the reforms change the way people got jobs in the government?

The Progressive Movement:

Reformers in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s were knows as

____________________________________________

They worked to __________________ such as crime, disease, and poverty

Many areas were targeted for reform such as health and education,

poor living conditions, unsafe working conditions, social unjust,

government corruption, child labor, racial discrimination, corrupt

monopolies, tenements and more!

Reformers received help from __________________________, journalists

that helped “_____________________________” on the problems in society

Some of the Solutions to these problems:

Solving Corruption in Politics: Goal was to _______________________________: to help

stop the political corruption we start to expand

the right to vote and the power of the people

We create more of a ___________________________________________ where the

people vote on who will be the candidates for political office

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The ______________________________ is passed in 1913 and allows for the

first time Americans the right to vote directly for their _______________

in Congress (remember there are 2 senators from every state)

Voters also were given the right to call for action on many political

issues:

Recall: Voters can now _____________________________________ asking for

a special vote on an elected official. This allows them to remove

elected officials if they are not happy with them

Ex: The governor of Wisconsin recently had a recall vote on his term because many were unhappy with some of his more recent decisions, he won his recall vote and is still in power today

Initiative: this allows voters to _____________________________________

by getting signatures on a petition

Ex: Many states recently voted on issues in the last election under initiative vote, such as the legalization of medical marijuana and in California many citizens wanted change what information was on food labels to include anything genetically altered

Referendum: allows voters to sign a petition to

______________________________ already in place

Ex: Puerto Rico ( a US Territory) recently voted in a referendum to change their relationship with the United States and instead of remaining just a territory to try and work towards becoming our 51st state

Reforming City and State Governments:

Create a new system of government that runs more like a

______________________________________ model

Had a city council that was _____________________________ by the people

and they choose a manager to help run the city

Robert Lafollette developed the __________________________ and pushes

for changes such as tax reform, direct primaries, and

___________________________________________________ to elect their officials

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Fixing the problems in the city:

There were many causes of the problems

in the ______________________ (city) society

City problems were caused by things like

urbanization, growth of the ___________________, bad working

conditions in _____________________, scandals about political

____________________________, rise of powerful corporations

(___________________________), and increase in immigration

New jobs/profession emerge to help the cities: jobs like city planners

and civil engineers

These new planners will pass zoning laws,

building-safety codes, create public _____________,

create proper waste disposal system (____________),

create safe _____________ system, and created street

paving and proper ___________________ building projects.

Education Reform:

Many states start to pass laws requiring

children to attend school

Push towards opening of _________________________ for upper education

Courses in citizenship, health, and job training were developed

________________________________________ are opened for

the first time specifically to help the children of the

poor and working class learn basic skills

John Dewey, an important ______________ in education,

created new models for teaching children that are still used today

Helped to create the American Medical

Association (AMA) to help regulate the education

of __________________________________________ and to

spread the new scientific knowledge that was

being learned about diseases and treatments

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Questions regarding the start of the Progressive Era:

1. Why is it important to give people more power over their government in this time period?

2. How does requiring children to go to school help society?

3. What is a modern day issue that you could see letting the people decide on in an initiative vote?

Reforming the Workplace:

Child Labor Reform

Because of extremely low wages in the

workplace many families sent there

_________________________ to work to help the family get by

About 1.75 million children ___________________________________________

worked in mines, mills, and factories in 1900

Reformers helped create the National Child Labor Committee to

investigate __________________________________ and eventually pass laws

Federal government will pass laws in 1916 and 1919 but had some

trouble keeping those laws intact from court challenges

Safety in the Workplace: Many pushed for higher wages and fewer

working hours

Many states will pass _________________ wage

laws and _____________________ working hours

Tragic Accidents bring attention to Page | 6

workplace safety

In 1900 alone, _______________________ people were killed by industrial

accidents. Another ________________ were injured on the job

In 1911, the tragic and shocking fire at the _____________________________

__________________________ in New York City caused anger and outrage

A fire broke out when over 500 mostly immigrant women and

children were preparing to leave for the day

The exit doors on the __________________ of the building were locked

and over _________________________ died from the fire, some

_____________________ to their deaths to escape the smoke and heat

Because of this shocking case and others like it, reformers called for

more workplace safety and greater laws regulating working

conditions

TRUE STORY: MODERN DAY TRAGEDY!! Sadly, cases like this still

happened in developing countries today around the world. On

November 24th, 2012, 118 workers died at a garment factory in

Bangladesh when a fire broke out and workers could not get through

the narrow escape exits stairwells fast enough. These workers were

also on a higher floor and many jumped to their death as well. Many

poorer countries in this region have experience fires and other

industrial accidents in recent years just like this. Many countries are

years behind the United States in fixing this problem. Cases like this is

why all building have fire codes in buildings, well lit and labeled

emergency exits, why we practice fire drills, and have emergency

systems such as 911 in place today.

The Courts and the Workplace:

Many businesses sued in ____________________over

these new regulations saying it was not fair and that

the government shouldn’t be ___________________ in their business

Some laws were gotten rid of by the courts: For example in New

York State there was law limiting bakers to a 10 hour work day but

the Supreme Court ruled that the state __________________________ limit

businesses to only a 10 hour work day and workers could

____________________________________ to work a longer day if they wanted

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Other laws were kept by the courts: For example in the case of

Muller vs. Oregon in 1908, the Court ruled that you could limit

____________________________________________ for health and safety reasons

Many of these issues were decided state by state

Rise of Labor Organizations:

Unions fought for better working conditions

Workers began to _______________ together to

demand ____________________ working hours,

_______________________ wages, and safety on the

job

In 1903, the ___________________________________ became the first all-

women’s union to demand better working conditions for females

One of the most powerful unions was the ______________________________

_______________ (AFL) whose leader Samuel Gompers argued for safer

working conditions, higher pay, and right of the worker to organize

Questions regarding Reforming the Working Conditions:1. What working conditions caused workers to unite and demand

better treatment?

2. Why is it better if workers were united together?

The Rights of Women and Minorities:

Women started to attend more ______________________ in the late 1800’s

Some argued that women could not handle the “mental strain” of

_____________________________________ thinking

Even with higher education many jobs were still _____________________

to women because of their gender

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Temperance Movement:

Women played a vital role in this reform

This movement blamed ___________________ for many of society’s

problems

Leading reformer in this movement was a

woman named ____________________ who

literally stormed into saloons with ax’s

chopping up the bar and smashing the liquor bottles

Reformers joined the Woman’s __________________________________

______________________________________ (WCTU)

This movement will lead to the passage of the _________________________

to the Constitution in 1919. This amendment outlaws the

___________________________ and ________________________ of alcoholic

beverages in the United States

Total ban of alcohol

Women’s Suffrage Movement: Many women wanted more rights including the right

to ________________________________

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and

______________________________________ found the National

American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) in

1890 to help get the right to vote for women

Carrie Chapman Catt fought for women’s suffrage in many

______________________ including Wyoming, Colorado, Idaho, and Utah

Catt becomes president of NAWSA in 1900 and helps mobilize about

_______________________________ to work for women’s right to vote

A rival group called the National Women’s Party (NWP) was founded

by _______________________________ in 1913 and aimed to make the

women’s suffrage movement more public with protests, parades, and

public demonstrations including hunger strikes

Both groups efforts will pay off when the

________________________________ is passed in 1920 and granted all

women in the United States the right to ____________________________

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African Americans fight for change:

After slavery ended there was still a lot

of problems for African Americans

including __________________________________

Booker T. Washington tried to help

improve conditions through education. He was a founder of the

_________________________________ in Alabama

Ida B. Wells was more outspoken and wrote many articles drawing

attention to the ______________________________ in the south of black men

W.E.B. Dubois took a more hands approach to

fighting discrimination and helped found the

National Association for the Advancement of

Colored People (__________________________)

NAACP worked to end discrimination and bring

down the oppressive _______________________________ and end

________________________ in the South

Questions about Women and African Americans:1. What caused women to join the Progressive Movement?

2. How were African Americans still not free after the Civil War?

The Progressive Presidents:

1. Theodore Roosevelt (Teddy) - took office after William

McKinley was shot and killed in 1901.

Believed in being an active president.

He pushed for the _______________________________________________,

where everyone’s (businessmen, workers, and consumers)

rights should be balanced for the public good.

Got involved in several progressive issues including cleaning

up the meat-packing industry thanks to Upton Sinclair’s book

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__________________________. Because of this he pushes the

_______________________________________________________. This

regulates the manufacture, sale, and transportation of all

food and drugs distributed in the United States.

Also passed was the _____________________________________________

specifically addressing Sinclair’s book.

Roosevelt also gets Congress to regulate ______________________

__________________________ costs, this helping the small farmers.

He also becomes a big supporter of the ________________________

___________________________ that worked to protect our natural

resources and sets up many sites as protect federal lands.

This today is known as our National Parks System, for

example the Grand Canyon, Yosemite, Niagara Falls,

Badlands in South Dakota, Florida Everglades, etc… In total

150 million acres of public land set aside and protected

2. William Howard Taft- Taft was a bit more cautious than

Roosevelt and moved a little slower.

He continued Roosevelt’s path and sued many big businesses

for unfair treatment of workers and for being

_____________________________________________

Taft also continued to add ____________________________________ to

the National Parks System for protection.

Taft will ______________________ his re-election bid to Woodrow

Wilson and the Bull Moose Party in 1912 in a very dirty three

way race between Taft, Wilson, and T. Roosevelt.

3. Woodrow Wilson- Wilson promised to improve the horrible

social conditions many American’s were living in.

He lowered tariffs with the ___________________________ of 1913.

He also reformed the tax code by pushing for the passage of

the _____________________________________ that allowed the federal

government to tax our personal income. This provided a

new source of income for the federal government.

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He also worked to get ___________________________________________

passed to reform the banking industry. Created a National

banking system and a federal reserve.

Wilson also pushed to reform businesses; He helped get the

___________________________________________ passed in 1914 and

strengthened federal laws against monopolies.

He also created the ______________________________________________

that had the power to stop unfair trade practices.

Questions about the Progressive Presidents:

1. Why was it important to have a strong president in charge during the Progressive Era?

2. Why would we want to have government make rules about our food? Is that a good thing?

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