experimental investigation of diesel engine using gasoline as an ...

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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014 Boby George and C Lakshmikanthan, 2014

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF DIESELENGINE USING GASOLINE AS AN ADDITIVE

Boby George1* and C Lakshmikanthan1

*Corresponding Author: Boby George,[email protected]

In the present study the effects of gasoline has been investigated empirical in a single cylindervertical diesel engine for gasoline-diesel mixture. The effects of 0% 4%, 8% and 12% (by volume)gasoline mixed directly to diesel and the effect has been looked upon experimental at speed of1000 (rpm). From experimental results it is determined that by application of gasoline additioneffective power output increases at the level of 4-9% and fuel consumption decreases byapproximately 6%. In this study we found that increasing the gasoline volume fraction decreasedthe fuel density, kinematic viscosity, and surface tension. The blending of gasoline caused adecrease in droplet size by increasing the small droplets and decreasing the large dropletsbecause the surface tension decreased with the addition of gasoline fuel, thereby inducing anincrease in droplet instability. On the other hand, gasoline blending resulted in an extension ofthe ignition delay and the formation of a more homogeneous mixture. These combustioncharacteristics caused the simultaneous reduction of NOx and soot. However, the HC and COemissions were slightly increased. The difference in HC and CO emissions between pure dieseland gasoline blended diesel fuels decreased as the engine load increased. An increase in engineload diminished the effects of gasoline blending on combustion performance and exhaustemissions.

Keywords: Internal combustion engine, Gasoline, Diesel, Emission, Ignition, Detonation

INTRODUCTIONThe main inspiration for this study is that inhill areas, heavy vehicles laden with heavyloads in hill areas, they mix certain amountof petrol along with diesel, by investigatingthe fact behind it was known to improvepower of the engine thereby carrying more

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Int. J. Mech. Eng. & Rob. Res. 2014

1 Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.

load. The intension of the study is that toanalysis the above situation in detail andunderstands the effects of emission, power,efficiency, etc., on petrol-diesel mixture atdifferent ratios and loading conditions in thecase of compression ignition engines. Thisstudy is more into public awareness, which

Research Paper

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proves the merits and demerits of mixingunder above conditions.

DIESEL ENGINESDiesel engines are the most efficient liquid fuelburning prime movers. But they suffer fromvarious disadvantages. Their limited speedrange is the main disadvantages, particularlyfor vehicle applications. The rotational speed(rpm) of diesel engine cannot be chosen athigh levels because of ignition delay. For thisreason and as a result of various effects suchas high pressure levels and low equivalenceratios, etc., a diesel engine is heavier than anequivalent gasoline engine. Ignition delay canbe reduced and the engine speed can beincreased by using particular injection orcombustion systems. Pre combustionchamber and piston bowls are examples ofthese systems. Thus, the formation of fuel-airmixture is enhanced by additional gasmotions, so ignition delay would be decreasedand fuel injection pressures at 7-14 MPa levelswould be sufficient. Also, single hole nozzlesand cheaper fuel systems could be used. Bychoosing high engine speeds and higherequivalence ratios, lighter engines for vehiclescan be obtained. But the pre combustionchamber increases the combustion chambersurface area and causes additional heatlosses and higher brake-specif ic fuelconsumption. On the other hand, high injectionpressures at 100-150 MPa levels are selectedby using special injection techniques, forexample, common-rail system, in recent years.But for this solution advanced technology isnecessary and more expensive.

A diesel combustion engine operating viaa compression ignition method has higher

thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumptioncharacteristics than a gasoline combustionengine operating via a spark ignition method;hence diesel engine vehicles are currentlypopular and widespread. However, there stillexist environmental challenges to beaddressed, such as the reduction of nitrogenoxides (NOx) and soot emissions.

Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) allowsthe simultaneous reduction of NOx and sootemissions. The LTC strategy is based on theprevention of local fuel-rich mixture regions andthe reduction of the in-cylinder combustiontemperature. To realize this combustionconcept, a high Exhaust Gas Recirculation(EGR) rate was applied to the conventionaldiesel engine. This method effectively reducesNOx emissions by reducing the intake oxygenconcentration and increasing the heat capacityof in-cylinder mixture gas in the combustionchamber. In addition, this method retains theportion of diffusion combustion, and improvesthe premixed combustion by extending theignition delay. Premixed ChargedCompression Ignition (PCCI) combustion isthe represent LTC strategy.

Extending the ignition delay is the best wayto form a homogeneous mixture because itallows sufficient time for mixing. In addition,extension of the ignition delay is possible byreducing the cetane number by adding fuel withlow-cetane and high-octane numbers, andrelevant studies are being conducted by manyresearch groups. Representative low-cetanenumber fuels are ethanol and gasoline fuel.

GASOLINE ADDITIONIn the presented study, a single cylindernaturally aspirated vertical four stroke

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compression ignition, water cooledexperimental engine manufactured by fieldmarshal is used. The main characteristics ofthe engine are: rated speed is 1000 rpm, ratedpower is 7.35 kW, bore diameter 114.3 mmand stroke length is 139.7 mm.

As the engine is a constant speed enginerpm is set to 1500 and hence the torqueremains same under all the conditions abovefigure shows the representation of thisstatement. Total fuel consumption reduces inrange of 4-8% by volume of gasoline additionon diesel and power increased. After thisratios, effective power decreases because ofdeterioration happened in the combustion andincreasing of detonation tendency.

The increase of gasoline volume fractiondecreased the fuel density, kinematic viscosity,and surface tension. These properties aredirectly influenced by the improved atomizationperformance.Figure 1: Brake Power vs Load

Figure 2: Torque vs Load

Figure 3: Total Fuel Consumptionvs Brake Power

Table 1: Flash Point and Auto-IgnitionTemperature of Fuels

Fuel Flash Point c Auto-IgnitionTemperature c

Diesel 62 210

Gasoline 43 280

Kerosene 65 220

Auto ignition temperature of a substance isthe lowest temperature at which it willspontaneously ignite in a normal atmospherewithout external source of ignition. Flash pointof a substance is the lowest temperature atwhich it can vaporize to form an ignitablemixture in air. Diesel’s auto ignitiontemperature is visibly low in compare with thatof gasoline. The flash point of gasoline is lowerthan diesel due to volatility of gasoline is more.Auto-ignition temperature of gasoline is morethan diesel. Hence this phenomenon can leadto something called sequentional burning,which means the diesel burns first on

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compression and after which gasoline orkerosene burns, thereby giving a fully efficientburning.

The blending of gasoline caused adecrease in droplet size by increasing thenumber of small droplets and decreasing thenumber of large droplets. The decrease indroplet size was due to the decrease insurface tension as the gasoline fuel fractionincreased, which induced an increase indroplet instability.

The ignition delay was extended and amore homogeneous mixture was formed as aresult of gasoline blending. These improvedcombustion characteristics simultaneouslyreduced NOx and soot emissions. However,the ISHC and CO emissions were slightlyincreased. The difference in HC and COemissions between pure diesel and gasolineblended diesel fuels decreased as the engineload increased.

Figure 4: Hydrocarbon Emissions vs Load

Figure 5: NOx Emissions vs Load

Figure 6: CO2 Emissions vs Load

As the engine load increased, the effectsof gasoline blending on combustionperformance and exhaust emissionsdiminished due to following which increase inthe amount of diesel; the combustion processwas then governed by diesel fuel.

CONCLUSIONThe increase of gasoline volume fractiondecreased the fuel density, kinematic viscosity,and surface tension. These properties aredirectly influenced by the improved atomizationperformance. The blending of gasoline causeda decrease in droplet size by increasing thenumber of small droplets and decreasing the

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number of large droplets. The decrease indroplet size was due to the decrease insurface tension as the gasoline fuel fractionincreased, which induced an increase indroplet instability. The ignition delay wasextended and a more homogeneous mixtureformed as a result of gasoline blending. Theseimproved combustion characteristicssimultaneously reduced NOx and sootemissions.

Addition of 4% (by volume) of gasoline ondiesel produce good result and it is applicablein diesel engine. However, the HC and COemissions were slightly increased. In theaddition of gasoline in diesel will make toincrease CO2 that is a positive advantage inthe emission point of view. The difference inHC and CO emissions between pure dieseland gasoline blended diesel fuels decreasedas the engine load increased. Fromexperimental results it is determined that byapplication of gasoline addition effectivepower output increases at the level of 4-9%and fuel consumption decreases byapproximately 6%.

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