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![Page 1: Experience with AISSat-1 operations with emphasis on the Arctic Richard B. Olsen Norwegian Defence Research Establishment.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062421/56649d055503460f949d8f9a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Experience with AISSat-1 operations with emphasis on the Arctic
Richard B. OlsenNorwegian Defence Research Establishment
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AISSat-1 launch from India03:52 UTC, 12th July 2010
Placed into a 635 km Circular Polar Orbit20 cm × 20 cm × 20 cm
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The AIS System• AIS is a marine anti-collision system
• Ships exchange data: Position, course, speed, identity ++
• Mandatory for all SOLAS Class A vessels
• Quickly put to use as a coastal traffic monitoring system
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AISSat-1
• National demonstration of wide area maritime surveillance
• Goal:– 1 year test and evaluation– 2 years pilot service
• Project Leader: FFI• Industry partners: Kongsberg Group
University of Toronto
• Government partners: – Norwegian Space Centre – funding – Norwegian Coastal Administration – Data management and
dissemination
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The requirement
1: Regjeringens Nordområdestrategi
Norwegian maritime jurisdiction:
• Territorial waters• Exclusive Economic Zone• Fisheries Protection Zone Svalbard• Fiskeries Zone Jan Mayen
> 2 million km2
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Radar satellites have been used operationally since 1998
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AISSat-1 Mission Requirements and Approach
• Detect, identify and track vessels in the High North• Record data globally• Flexibility for test and research purposes
• 3 Years duration
• Low cost – implementation and operations– Micro space approach
• Small satellite – low complexity – industrial components• Extensive testing of critical components• Low technical and financial risk
– Minimize supervised operations as much as possible
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AISSat-1 Mission Architecture
Svalsat
NCA
AISSat-1
AISmessages
Commands&
Data
FFI
Ground Station
Mission ControlData center
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AISSat-1 First Results, July 12, 2010
AIS data from AISSat-1 (Orange/Pink) added to AIS data from the Costal Network (Green)
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AISSat-1 Post-launch Key Questions
• Performance?– Detection performance– Reliability
• Satellite• Ground Segment
– Capacity• Power• Data downlink
• Performance factors?– Antenna pointing– Noise and Interference
• Operations concept?– Tasking priorities– System monitoring and
maintenance
• Utility?
• Integrity?
• Improvements?
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First indication – Arctic: Do we “see” the same ships on every consecutive pass?
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Traffic patterns in the High North
2 Weeks of data
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Real-time (RT) coverage area (1 year of data)
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Performance varies with different pass directions
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Continuous operations and global coverage
September 2011
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Continuous operations and global coverage
March 2012
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Global Detection Performance – AISSat-1
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Tracking a single vessel
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Use of satellite AIS dataFollowing crossing of the North East Passage
Tracking capability also depends on transmitted signal levels
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Distribution of transmitted frequency offsets (Hz) for approximately 1000 vessels
Histogram of transmitted signal strengths (dBm) for approximately 1000 vessels
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Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated fishing in a global perspective
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Integrity Checking and Tracking
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Integrity Checking and Tracking
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Towards operational implementation
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FFI’s Mission Control Centre ”Micro-Houston”
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AISSat-1 MCC
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Payload operations planning
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User feedback
Primary geographic area
Secondary geographic area
Desired improvements and development
Norwegian Rescue Coordination Centres
Norwegian SeaBarents Sea
Global- More frequent coverage/shorter update
intervals up to continuous real time- Tasking ability
Governor of Svalbard Svalbard -- Stability of operations- More frequent coverage/shorter update
intervals
The Norwegian Fisheries Directorate
Barents Sea Norwegian Sea
Atlantic
- Stability of operations and reduced risk of dropouts
- More frequent coverage/shorter update intervals
- Increased data collection and analysis from other (Southern Europe, Africa)
Norwegian Defence Joint Headquarters
Barents Sea Norwegian SeaNorth Sea
ArcticGulf of AdenLibyaUSANorth East Passage
- More frequent coverage/shorter update intervals up to continuous real time
- Fused tracks combining AIS and satellite radar
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AISSat Status
• AISSat-1 has been 31 months in orbit
• Observes approx. 30 000 vessels globally every 24 hours
– More than 90 000 unique vessels in total
• Data supplied to operational users from day 1
• Availability (2012):
– Satellite: >97%– System: > 95%– MTBF: 24 days– Typical recovery time: 6 hours
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AISSat-1 Orbit Drift and Decay
Between:
12.7.2010
and
26.11.2012
Average altitude:
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AISSat Status
• Budget : 28 MNOK– Development, Build, Launch– Ground Segment (Svalbard, MCC)– Operations
• AISSat-2: 14 MNOK– Build & Launch (mid 2013)
– Includes software upgrades for both satellites to:• House keeping Computer• Payload Data Handling Computer• Attitude Control Computer
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NORAIS: Spin-off on the International Space Station
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NORAIS
• Norwegian AIS receiver on Columbus/ ISS
• FFI• Kongsberg Seatex• N-USOC (Trondheim)
• ESA• NASA
• Test bed for decoder development
• 3 upgrades completed
• Up to double detection performance in “High Traffic Zones”
• Corresponding upgrade to AISSat-1 is planned April/May
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Support to NATO - Ocean Shield
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Kongsberg Seatex ASR-200
Industrial spin-off
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Acknowledgements
Analyses and reporting were carried out by:
Øystein Helleren
Øystein Olsen
Andreas Nordmo Skauen
Torkild Eriksen
Bjørn Narheim
and
The Norwegian Coastal Administration