EXECUTIVE SUMMARY final - MPPCB · national reserve. The "Bharveli manganese mine" in Balaghat...

M/s A. P. Trivedi Sons, Balaghat Executive Summary

REIA for 43.086ha Ramrama Manganese ore Mine

Ex. Summary 1 M/s Creative Enviro Services, Bhopal

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. PREAMBLE

Minerals are the chief source of present phase of industrialization, and play an

important role in the present phase of the national economy and overall

development of the nation.

India is endowed with significant mineral resources. India produces 89 minerals

out of which 4 are fuel minerals, 11 metallic, 52 non-metallic and 22 minor

minerals.

State is enriched with good deposit of manganese ore mainly spread over in the

Balaghat, Chhindwara and Jhabua districts. The total reserves of 23.64 million

tonnes of manganese ore are available in the State constituting 14.09% of total

national reserve. The "Bharveli manganese mine" in Balaghat district is largest

underground mine operating in Asian sub-continent. The manganese ore deposits

of the State are being exploited mainly by the Manganese Ore India Limited.

During the year 2001-02, manganese ore has contributed Rs. 1.51 crores as

royalty to the State Exchequer.

43.086ha Manganese ore Mining project is located at village – Ramrama, Tahsil

Waraseoni; Balaghat District (MP). Land use of the area is Govt. land and Own land.

43.086 Ha mining lease area is being operated by the lessee firm M/s A. P. Trivedi

Sons, having Reg. office at Ward No.20, Main Road, Balaghat (MP) and lessee firm

partnership firm. All Partners are Indian nationals. The details of the partners are

given below:

1. Shri Vyomesh R. Trivedi

2. Shri Kiran R. Trivedi

3. Shri Harsh V. Trivedi

4. Shri Nishal K. Trivedi

This area is extensively worked for opencast method of mining for last 60 years by

M/s A.P. Trivedi Sons. Due to not feasible to work the area by opencast method in

pit-III, so that underground mining method will be proposed.




In order to assess the likely impacts on environment due to the mining activities

being carried out in the manganese ore Mining lease area of 43.086Ha, M/s A. P.

Trivedi Sons has entrusted this task to M/s Creative Enviro Services, Bhopal to

carry out the Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment study of the mining lease

area and based on the same to suggest an Environment Management Plan (EMP)

and a Disaster Management Plan.

2. LOCATION

The area is approachable by an all weather main road from Waraseoni (25 Kms).

Nearest Railway Station is Saongi (B.G.) on Balaghat-Katnagi sector (S-E railway),

about 8 kms from the area. Nearest post office & primary school are situated in

Penditola Village. Nearest Police station, P.W.D. Rest House & Hospital are situated

in Waraseoni & Katangi.

3. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING

43.086 Ha of mining lease area is located in village – Ramrama, Taluka- Waraseoni

& Dist. Balaghat, M.P. Land use of the area is govt. waste land & own land. The area

lies at the cross section of 21051’18.8” to 21051’47.7” N and 79055’50” to

79056’21.5” E and is covered under Toposheet no 55O/13. The mining lease was

sanctioned under proposed for Mineral Manganese ore. Details of project setting

given below:

Details of Project Settings

S. No. Particulars Details

1 Latitude 21051’18.8” to 21051’47.7” N

2 Longitude 79055’50” to 79056’21.5” E

3 Height above mean sea level 340 AMSL to 327 AMSL

4 Ground water table 15-20mbgl

5 Ultimate working depth Up to 245mRL

5 Nearest City Waraseoni about 25 km

6 Nearest Railway Station Savangi at 8 km

7 Nearest Airport Nagpur located at about 172 km from

the mines by road

8 Nearest Highway Katangi – Khairlanji PWD Road-

1.5km-S

9 Nearest Village Penditola- 0.2 Km - N




10 Hills/Valley No

11 Ecological Sensitive Zone No national parks and sanctuary

12 Reserve Forest Sonawani RF -0.1km

13 Historical Place No

14 Nearest River/ Nalla Katngajhari Canal-2.5km-SE,

Chapa Tank-0.75-SW

Katangjhari Tank-1.25km-ESE,

Kas Nalla- 1.5km-W

Dhokriya Nalla- 3.0km-SW,

Tondiya Nalla-7.25km-ESE,

Sarathi Nadi-N-8.5km

Sarathi Tank-NE-8.5km

15 Annual Climatic Conditions Max. Temp. – 47.5oC,

Minm Temp. – 8.5oC

Average Rainfall–1600-1900mm

4. REASON FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

The impact of mine on the environment depends to a large extent on its location

with respect to Human settlements, meteorological conditions, ambient air quality,

water bodies, agricultural and forest land etc.

Most of the adverse impacts of mines are amenable to technological control by

providing necessary preventive and control measures and finally through effective

environmental management of the operating mines. Keeping in view the likely

impacts of mines on environment, this Rapid environment impact assessment

report has been prepared for submission to State Pollution Control Board and

Ministry for Environment and Forests (MoEF) for clearance of the proposed mining

area.

5. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Geological reserves as per UNFC classification for Ramrama

Classification Code Quantity MT Grade

1 2 3 4

Total mineral reserve 543140

Total mineral resource 543140

From To

Mn




A. Mineral reserve

(1) Proved Mineral Reserves

(2) Probable Mineral Reserves )

Probable Mineral Reserves

Remaining resources

(1) Feasibility mineral Resources

(2) Prefeasibility mineral Resources

(3) Prefeasibility mineral Resources

(4) Measured Mineral Resource

(5) Indicated Mineral Resource

111

121

122

211

221

222

331

332

392000

150300

840

-----

----

----

392000

151140

31.00% - 47.60%

Fe

10.76% - 11.04%

SiO2

3.52% - 17.86%

P

0.148% - 0.291%

Anticipated Mine Life

Mine Life = Reserve (111+121+122) / Average production

=543140T-87368/25000=18.22years

Total life = 5+18.22year = 23.22 years says 23years from 31.3.2010

Mining Method

(a) Present & proposed mining method:

Existing mining is being carried out by open cast manual method of mining using

hand tools such as spades, chisel, hammer etc. Lumps of Manganese Ore are being

transported from pit bottom to surface manually on head load using tasla where

ever required sorting of Manganese Ore is being done and the waste in the form of

country rock mica schist. Manganese Ore is being transported by truck/dumper to

user industries. Loading of mineral in to truck dumper is being done manually. The

underground development work is in progress. Earlier one vertical shaft has been

sunk up to 54m depth i.e. 280Mrl and from this place drives and cross cuts are have

been developed for another 50m lateral length. From quarry III one inclined is in

progress for 8-10m depth.

Reasons for choosing the work site are:

As the development already started with respect to manganese ore mineralization

trend and in ensuing years with proper bench development from east to west

within quarry




Lay out of haulage road: Present haulage roads 2-3m wide will be maintained and at

required places it will be laid at maximum 1: 16 gradient from surface stack yard to

pit bottom at 308mrl with in bye roads to faces of individual benches.

Development cum production bench: Uniform eight benches of 3-5m height with

6m advance of each bench in semi mechanized mining will be developed (however

sub benching will be done to facilitate jackhammer drilling & blasting in while doing

the manual mining otherwise wagon drill will do hole at one stroke.). Width of

benches will be as per DGMS requirements and under OTFM –A category i.e.

minimum 6m will be maintained at every bench.

Adequate steps shall be taken to ensure that the benches are kept dressed at tall

times. Special care shall be taken when any slip or other planes of weakness or

other geological disturbances exist, so as to prevent danger to the work person. No

person shall be engaged on work or allowed to travel close to high sides/benches

from which he is likely to fall more than 1m vertically down, unless he is provided

with and use of safety belt or rope.

(i) Already carried out in the area:-

The area is under regular mining operation for last 60 years and the explored and

exploited by means of following quarries in the lease area:

No of benches

Quarry no Area-ha

Surface

RL

(avg)

Present

pit

bottom

RL (avg)

Location Soil

Ob-

waste

Mica

schist

Avg

Width

and ht of

bench

Quarry no. I

Quarry no. II

Quarry no. III

Quarry no. IV

5.61

2.28

2.38

0.96

334-332

339

340

349-339

313-308

313

320

333

East

Central

West

SE

1-2

1-2

1

1-2

1-2

1-3

1-2

1-2

7-8

3-4

7-8

4-5

5-6

7-8

2-3

4-5

Total 11.23ha

Remarks: In all quarries the manganese ore band of 5-6m thick is running NWW-

SEE direction with two dipping direction (dip is 520 one is towards the north

(quarry no. III-II) and another one is in south direction in quarry no. I, this may be

due to folding and tectonic disturbance.

(b) Proposed Method:

Opencast & Underground method of mining will be done. All operations of mining

will be done by deployment of heavy earth moving machineries for excavation,




loading & transport. Deep hole drilling will be done for blasting purpose. Blasting

will be on regular basis. Random holes of 2.8m depth/deep hole drilling will be

done. Various mining activities such as drilling, blasting, loading and transportation

will be so conducted as to ensure maximum mineral conservation and minimum

environmental degradation. While planning, quality parameter of the deposit has

been taken care of so as to have maximum blending ratio. As in the lease area the

mineralization has the waste in the form micaceous schist therefore the proposal of

excavation is given in cubic meter. Excavation of manganese ore and waste will be

done by loader –cum- excavator. Drilling in hard strata will be done by Jackhammer

of hole dia. 32mm. or deep bore hole 85mm dia will be by wagon drill. Blasting will

be carried out for heaving effect and fragmentation to the deposit. Blasted Ore will

be loaded in to the dumpers by loaders and will be transported to the stacking yard

then after getting the sorting of manganese ore of different grade will be dispatched

to prior destination like – Ferroalloy plants. Secondary blasting will not be required.

The waste will be in the form of country rock which will be handled by machines

and loaded to dumpers and unloaded to proposed backfilling/ dumping yard. The

underground development work is in proposed. Earlier one vertical shaft has been

sunk up to 54m depth i.e. 280Mrl and from this place drives and cross cuts are have

been developed for another 50-60m length. During the period one auxiliary ore

body has been encountered are 282-280mrl. From quarry III one inclined is in

progress for 8-10m depth.

Year wise Development/production plan: -

For opencast mining method

Opencast method of mining (A category other than fully mechanized mines) has

been proposed. All operations of mining will be been done by deployment of heavy

earth moving machineries for excavation, loading & transport. Regular drilling will

be done for heaving purpose in the lease area. Blasting will be done on regular

basis. Random holes of 2.8m depth/deep hole drilling will be done. Haul road has

been extended to every working bench and to the floor of the quarry. As per earlier

approved SOM first five year of SOM period has already been ended by 31-3-2010

the proposal of the present SOM is given for its period i.e. 2010-11 to 2014-15 with




average production average 14272 tonnes from open cast mining and rest average

4500t will be from underground mining development proposal thus in a year total

average production will be about 18000t (average) under the category of mining

activity A category (OTFM). The mining operations are proposed within the quarry-

I which will be developed with eight development cum production benches of 3-

5m in country rock with 6m bench width thus during the year the RL will reach

from 324 m to 297m. The recovery of manganese ore will be 100% by volume and

finally the production will be loaded to the trucks and dumpers mechanically and

manually. Proposed mining is suggested lateral and depth wise, in keeping view of

systematic development of benches and providing the proper shape.

For underground mining work

i) Mode of entry

One vertical shaft sunk up to 54m in depth. The shaft top RL is 334m and shaft

bottom RL is 280m. At 280 RL lessee has developed drives, cross cuts and a

raise to locate the ore body. During raising, located at distance of 34Mtrs

(lateral) from shaft bottom one auxiliary ore body has been encountered (280m

to 282m in the eastern direction).

As proposed A Main Incline Shaft is being developed at the pit bottom of Quarry

No– III along the footwall of the main body. The Main Incline Shaft’s current

length as on 20-6-2010 is 9 Mtr. The approx inclination is 300-350degrees. The

Main Incline Shaft Bottom RL 311m.

ii) System of winding/hoisting

As vertical shaft has already been sunken for 54m, the hoisting is by winder, the

details of hoisting the material from vertical shaft as under:

Shaft dia-4.6m (excavated)

Finished dia-4m

RCC thickness-500mm up to 20m, 300m up to 50m

Head gear height -18m

Back leg length -19.4m

Platform -3m interval

Head gear pulley -1.8m dia




Rope dia-18mm

Distance from shaft to haulage 22.5m

Side 4x4m

Blasting pattern in shaft wedge cut

Hole dia 32m

Length 2.5feet

Hole in first row - 6 (Sumper)

Hole in IInd row- 12 (Easer)

Hole in IIIrd - 18 (Trimmer)

Hole in IVth row 24 (Trimmer)

___________

60

Per hole charging -250Gm

Total explosive -250x60=15000 or 15kg

Per blasting pull- 0.3m

Bucket capacity 0.4cum

In shaft loading time - 5min

Hoisting time - 2min

Unloading time - 2Min

Lowering - 1min

___________

TOTAL TIME 10MIN

Level blasting details

Face size - 2.1mx2.4m

No of hole - 24

Cut hole - 08

Helper hole - 08

Dresser hole - 08

Hole depth - 2.5feet

Per hole charge

In cut hole - 250x8=2Kg

Dresser hole – 200x8=1.6kg

Hole depth 200x8=1.6kg




___________________

Total 5.2Kg

Pule/Blasting – 0.4m

Blasting materials- 2.1x2.4x0.4=2.25m3

Blasted quantity - 2.25x1.5=3.375m3

Total bucket =9buckets

Track line details

Size of track line -50lbs

Gauge -0.6mtr

Total distance: 150mtr

Water lifting capacity;

Present water lifting: 15lps

Available water lifting capacity: 25lps

Total no. of motors available: 6 for total 50HP

Man power -32 person (two shifts)

Present ventilation

Present ventilation is provided by air compressor/exhaust fan using DG of

125KVA.The compressed air is passed through ventilation pipe (Bore hole ATP1

and ATP-2 and duct pipe in the main vertical shaft) as shown in the five year

plan. The proposed development in ensuing two/three years to connect the

main inclined opening to the veridical shaft opening thus cross ventilation will

be available with this proposal.

iii) Underground layout

The present exploratory bore holes towards the quarry III proved quarry –III

manganese ore body depth wise extension up to 240mrl, presently vertical shaft

has already been sunk upto a depth of about 54m i.e. RL of 280m and cross cuts

have driven to locate the ore body.

Further one incline shaft is in progress at the bottom of quarry III and present

size of incline is 3x2M and the RL has been reached to 317M along the footwall

of main ore body.

The proposed under working as under:

1. Further sinking of vertical shaft




• The present position of sunken vertical shaft is not meeting to the gradient

from bottom RL to inclined RL i.e. quarry IIII MRL is of 320m and vertical

shaft MRL is 280m keeping proved geological reserves status depth wise and

proposed layout from 240mRL to 340mRL hence it has been advised to sunk

the vertical shaft for another 40m to meet the proper gradient at 25m

interval.

• The main inclined G1 will be further developed with winzes and during two

years inclined out let will be connecting to vertical shaft level thus two outlet

to the working established. The proposed underground development will be

completed in following way

• By the end of 2012-13/2013-14, there is a proposal of additional one G2

incline to developed at the east of main incline G1 and the level of this G2

incline will 320M and this incline will further develop with drives, winzes

and so on

a) Further deepening of vertical shaft for another 40m i.e. 280 mRL will go

down to 240mRL

Proposal period: 2010-2011

Standard time required for sinking of vertical shaft

Dia of shaft is 4.6m and radius will be 2.3m

Proposed sinking is 40m

Volume=

3.14X2.3X2.3X40=664M3

Total working days 250 days

Total no. of labor =10

Per day per labor out =664/250x10=0.265m3

Thus 40m shaft sinking will be done in 250days or one year

b) Subsequent development of drives, winzes and raises

The underground working layout has been proposed in the form drives,

crosscuts winzes from inclined and raises from the vertical shaft drive.

The standard calculation

Face: 2.4x2.1m




Length=25m

Average volume=25X2.4X2.1=126M3

In general 6 people can progress 10m lateral progress in a month i.e.

25days

Proposed shift: 2

Hence the labor =6x2=12

One drive/winze/raise =25m

Hence the total volume will be =126m3 in a 2.5months or in a

monthe126/2.5=50.4m3

Thus with 6labour in two shift will be 12

Per day excavation: 50.4m3/no. of labor x working days

=50.4/12x250=0.168m3

Per year average development through drives/winze/cross-cuts/raise

will be average 238m

Hence the total quantum of will be =238mx2.4mx2.1m=1200m3

Per day quantum=1200m3/250=4.8m3

Per man out put =0.168m3

Hence required labor =4.8/0.168=29

During the ensuing the five year period working following development will also be

perform simultaneously which are as follows:

i) Development of road: During the ensuing the five year about 500m (length) and

1-4m (width) road will be developed at a gradient of 1:16 out which 250-300m will

be in the working pit and rest road will be developed to connect the main kuchha

road.

ii) Retaining Wall: During the ensuing five year working waste will be keep in the

western barrier zone and its stability will maintain by constructing the retaining

wall as per the configuration made in the waste management.

iii) Garland: As the five year proposal are given at gentle slope, in the rainy season,

water will accumulate in the working pit hence therefore proposal of about 300m

garland around the working pit or according to their gradient which will protect the

pit and the garland drain will be drained according to the respective gradient




Salient Features of the Mines

S. No. Particulars Details

1 Type of Mine Opencast &

underground

2 Mining Lease Area 43.086ha

3. Existing Pits & Quarries 11.23ha

4. Existing Dumps 8.4160ha

5. Infrastructure and road 1.6082ha

6. Mineral Storage nil

7. Plantation 4.0ha

8. Barren Land 11.8318ha

9. Geological Reserve 1878391 tonnes

10. Recoverable Reserve 1288683tonnes

11. Method of mining OTFM

12. Ultimate Pit Slope 45o

13. Present capacity of mines 25000 tonnes per

annum

14. Expected Life of Mines 23years from 2010

15. Lease Period 20 year upto 2022

16. Thickness of top soil/OB

Minimum 2.0 m

Maximum 5.0 m

17. Stripping Ratio -

18 Existing mode to transportation of

Manganese ore

Road

19 Area to be covered under dumps during

lease period

13.918ha

20 Area covered under pit 11.8645Ha

21 Area to be reclaimed by lease period

end

1.7075ha

22 Area to be covered under plantation by

lease period end

25.4164ha

23 Area to be under water reservoir by

lease period end

8.3641ha

24 Average mRL 340-327AMSL

Ground water table

Monsoon period 15m bgl

25

Dry month 20m bgl

Proposed Rate of Production

It will be about 25000 tonnes per year of saleable Manganese ore for full year after

complete development of the Mining.

Haulage drives




Shaft, ’X’ cuts from shaft, corresponding ore drives shall be used as haulage dries for

transport of ore, other material and services. The size of all above drives shall be

2.4m (W) X2.1 (HT). Proposed incline shaft and ore drives from main incline used

for haulage of or ore other materials and services. From main incline necessary

protection will be given for inflow of water into the incline by providing 10m or so

high wall or garland to obstruct the inflow of water.

Stopping permission

As per proposed planning from main inclined and vertical shaft the stoppes will be

ready by the end of second or third year and consecutive development it is expected

that one to two stoppes will be ready for further permission every year.

Ventilation

Presently ventilation is providing by the compressed air/exhaust fan operated by

125KVA DG set near the vertical shaft. The compressed air provided by the air

conduits at the APT BH-1, APT BH-2 and duct through the main vertical shaft and its

circulation come through the vertical shaft. Now by the end of the 2011-2012

proposals are given to connect the main inclined to vertical shaft with

drives/winzes/raises and cross ventilation will be established by the end of 2011-

2012. During the exploration development for main incline to vertical shaft

ventilation no. of working faces shall be effected by electrically driven auxiliary

forcing fans.

Transportation of ore and waste:

As the lease area is having the mineralization Ferro alloy grade manganese ore rib

which has the interburden of country rock as waste which re-handling will be

required, the different grade of manganese ore will be sorted will be kept near the

stacking yard while the waste will be used for backfilling the excavation made in the

northeast part of the lease area zone.

Mine Drainage

Maximum water flow in the open pits shall be during the monsoon season .To

reduce the inflow of rain water in the existing pits it is proposed to have garland




drain taking the rainwater out of the lease area. To protect the main inclined from

quarry -III water, one 10m or so height RCC wall is proposed around the main

inclined. Pumps of adequate capacity shall be in installed in pit no. I & III and

necessary efforts will be done to keep the water level one meter below the entry of

G incline to prevent flooding of workings of main incline. However there would still

be ground water seepage in the underground working and same shall be dealt with

combination of pneumatic and electric pump at faces and underground pump

stations. The present intake and out take of water from main vertical shaft is about

15lps and the lessee has the capacity of pumps up to 25lps. This would enable to

keep the working area dry and to execute uninterrupted development work. It has

been discharged with suitable capacities of electric pumps are installed at main

sump at the bottom of each main incline. Suitable capacities of sump, suitable size of

de-watering pipes are laid for de-watering to surface. The pumped out water will be

used for agricultural purpose for the surrounding agricultural land. The discharge

water will first pass through the settling tanks where suspended particles will

settled before its discharge for agricultural use, as surrounding area is agricultural

land.

Solid Waste Management

In proposed underground mining operations, the mine waste consists of pegmatite

veins in ore body, clay pockets and silicious Manganese ore and Gondite and

mineralized rejects, fines etc. The lessee has decided to develop the opencast &

underground opening in the ore body itself following the ore body in dip and strike

direction. As such no waste is expected to be generated. In general existing present

quality of OB is in form of weathered siliceous lateritic loamy soil mixed with

intercalated waste as mica schist. The waste will be generated from development

benches as of mica schist along interstitial quartzite. No top soil will be generated

during the proposal period. During the first five year 78638M3 wastes will be as of

mica schist along interstitial quartzite and this waste will be utilized for the

backfilling the excavation made in the NE part of the area and rest will be dumped

in SW part of the lease area. During the 6th to lease period about 750000m3 wastes




will be generated which will be dumped by making of dump of 300x16xx16-17m in

the southeast part of the lease area.

Resource Requirement

The present proposal is of ongoing mining activity at mining lease area of 43.086ha

at village Ramrama tehsil- Waraseoni & Dist. Balaghat, MP. For efficient operation of

the Mines all necessary utilities will be made available, a brief description of the

same is given below.

a) Storage facility

It is proposed to provide adequate storage facilities for the excavated mineral,

explosives and waste dumps, which is generated/used during mining process.

Proposed excavated minerals and waste dumps will be kept in the mining lease

area.

b) Land requirement

District/State Taluka Village Khasara No Area in

ha

Ownership/l

and use

Balaghat (MP) Waraseoni Ramrama 129, 143, 145, 147/2,

146/1-2, 147/1-3-4,

148, 152, 153, 387, 381,

382, 384, 385, 386,

388/1, 389/1, 390, 391,

392, 393, 394, 395, 396,

397, 398, 399, 402, 403,

405, 406, 407, 409, 410,

410, 411, 412, 413, 414,

415/1, 415/2, 415/3,

416/3, 417, 418, 419/1,

420, 421, 422, 423, 424,

425, 426, 427, 428

43.086 Govt. & own

land

c) Project Cost

Details of expenditure of the project

Project Estimated Cost in Rupees

Mining of Manganese 2.0 crore

d) Electric system




M.P. State Electricity Board is making the power requirement for the project &

DG set has been used for power requirement.

e) Water Supply

The total fresh water needs to be pumped is about 12KL per day for

consumption of domestic and mining purpose. This quantity of water will be

taken from hand pump located in the south-western part of the lease area &

mine pit discharged water. The details of water balance of existing /proposed

mining project are given below:

Water balance of mining project

Process Total

a) Mine Site

Dust suppression 6kl 7kl

Green Belt 2kl 3kl

b) Domestic

Drinking & Washing 4kl 5kl

Total (A + B) 12kl 15kl

Domestic waste water 2.4kl 3.0kl

6. EXISTING ENVIRONMENT SCENARIO

6.1 Climate

The climatic condition of this area is semi arid. The maximum temperature goes

upto 47.5oC during summer in the month of May and the minimum temperature

goes down to 9.0oC during winter in the month of January. The average annual

rainfall is observed to be 1350 mm. The winds in the area are light to moderate

during summer and winter. However, the speed of the wind increases during the

end of the summer season and monsoon season.

The brief discussion over the meteorological condition of the area is as below:

• Temperature: The winter season starts from December and continues till the end

of February. January is the coolest month with the mean daily maximum

temperature at 29oC and the mean daily minimum temperature at 10oC. Both the

night and day temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of the pre-monsoon

season from March to May. During pre-monsoon season, the mean maximum

temperature (May) was observed to be 47.5oC with the mean minimum

temperature (March) at 20oC. The mean maximum temperature in the monsoon




season (Sep.) observed to be 37oC whereas the mean minimum temperature was

observed to be 19oC. By the end of September with the onset of post-monsoon, the

day temperatures increase slightly, with the mean maximum temperature at 34oC

and the mean minimum temperature at 17.3oC.

• Relative Humidity: The air is generally humid in this region during the monsoon

when the average relative humidity at 0830 hr. was observed to be with a

maximum of 96% and a minimum of 65%. Similarly, at 1730 hr., the average value

was observed to be with a maximum of 98% and a minimum of 64%. Generally, the

weather during Post monsoon seasons was observed to be with a maximum of 83%

and a minimum of 48%.

• Rainfall: Monsoon in the area comes from southwesterly winds. The average

annual rainfall based on the last 10-year IMD data, was observed to be 1600-1800

mm. The monsoon sets in the month of June and continues till mid observed in the

evenings, with clear mornings. During the monsoon season, both in the mornings

and evenings, the skies were found to be clouded.

• Cloud: 30 years average data reveal that maximum cloud cover was observed

around 7.1 oktas in the month of July, august. Whereas cloud cover was observed

around 2 (in oktas) in the month of November, December, January, February and

March.

The details of Temperature, Relative Humidity, Rainfall and Cloud cover and wind

speed /direction during study period are shown in the Table no. 3.2

• Wind Pattern: Generally light to moderate winds prevails throughout the year.

Winds were light and moderate particularly during the morning hours. While

during the afternoon hours the winds were stronger. A review of the wind rose

diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from NNE, N, E, NW and NNW

directions.

• Wind Patterns during study period: The predominant directions of wind were

observed from NNE, ESE, NNW, SE, E, N, & NE.

6.2 AIR QUALITY




To establish the ambient air quality, sampling and testing were conducted. Air

sampling stations were established at four (4) locations around the proposed

mining area to assess the background air pollution levels.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations

Sr. No. Location

code Name of Station Distance (km.) Direction

1. A-01 Mine site - -

2. A-02 Penditola 0.2 N

3. A-03 Nakatola 1.5 S

4. A-04 Katnagjhari 3.45 SE

AIR SAMPLING RESULTS WITH CPCB NORMS

A1 A2 A3 A4 CPCB Norms

Indl. & Mixed

used area

Residential &

Rural Area

15th September to 14th December, 2010

RPM concentration Average 65 47.5 44.25 70.25

Maximum 76 64 62 92

Minimum 46 34 28 50

100 100

SOx concentration

Average 10.37 6.96 5.78 8.75

Maximum 12.2 8.2 6.98 9.6

Minimum 8.1 5.65 4.67 7.2

80

80

NOx concentration

Average 12.98 9.39 8.3 10.46

Maximum 15.8 10.92 10.75 11.6

Minimum 10.12 8.07 7.06 9.6

80

80

6.3 NOISE LEVEL

Ambient noise levels were measured at different locations (same as ambient air

monitoring locations for two days on hourly basis) to establish present scenario

which shall be described as follows.

� All the values are well within the norms prescribed by CPCB for industrial

and commercial area.

� Main source of noise are traffic movements.

6.4 WATER QUALITY

Surface Water




The Surface water bodies in the study area mainly Katngajhari Canal-2.5km-SE,

Chapa Tank-0.75-SW, Katangjhari Tank-1.25km-ESE, Kas Nalla- 1.5km-W, Dhokriya

Nalla- 3.0km-SW, Tondiya Nalla-7.25km-ESE, Sarathi Nadi-N-8.5km, Sarathi Tank-

NE-8.5km respectably from mine. The water from Katangjhari tank, chapa tank and

sarathi tank is used for irrigation purpose. In addition, most of the water bodies are

dry during the summer months excluding those water bodies (worked out

quarries), which are situated in the study area. These water bodies are filled with

rainwater and seepage/discharge water from abandoned mine works.

The data conform to the water quality standards for most of the parameters. The

dissolved oxygen levels range between 5.4 to 5.8mg/l, Total Hardness ranges from

186 to 226 mg/l. The heavy metal content has been observed within the limit. The

physico-chemical and biological analysis revealed that all the parameters are well

within the prescribed limits of IS: 2296.

Ground Water

The study region receives about 1600 mm of rainfall and which plays an important

role in recharging of ground water. High lands ensure quick surface runoff and the

precipitation received in low–lying area contribute to a great extent in building of

ground water reserve of the area.

Water supply in the most of the villages depends on ground water resources. Well

water is used for domestic as well as irrigation purposes. Ground Water quality

analysis was carried out at 4 locations and the frequency of sampling was once

/month/station. Ground water samples were examined for physico-chemical,

heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of

industrial and other activities on ground water. The samples were collected and

analysed as per the procedures specified in “standard Methods for the examination

of water & Wastewater” published by American Public Health association (APHA).

pH in ground water sample was observed to be in the range 7.3 to 7.41. The value of Iron

and hardness were observed in the range of 0.03 to 0.06mg/l and 124 to 168 mg/l

respectively. Whereas heavy metal was found to be within the limit.




6.5 SOIL QUALITY

Four locations within 10 km radius of the project site were selected for soil

sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths

viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and homogenized. The homogenized

samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. For general

characterisation of soil a few random samples from the study area to the depth of

about 15 cm were collected. Soil samples so collected were brought to the

laboratory for analysis.

It has been observed that the texture of the soil was observed to be sandy and clay.

The organic carbon was found to be in the range of 1.12% to 1.3%. The nitrogen

and phosphorus were observed to be in the ranges of 542 to 586 kg/ha and 24 to 34

kg/ha respectively the pH range at the soil vary in between 6.71 to 6.89.

6.6 Biological Environment

LIST OF FLORA & FAUNA OF THE STUDY AREA

NATURALLY OCCURRING SPECIES

Kohu (Terminalia arjuna) Karanji (Pongamia pinnata)

Sisham (Dalbergia sissoo) Babul (Acacia arabica)

Neem (Azadirachta indica) Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata)

Akasneem (Millingtonia

hertonsia)

Bargad (Ficus bengalensis)

Gular (Ficus glomerata) Jamun (Sysisium cumini)

Aam (Mangifera indica) Palas (Butea monosperma)

Mahua (Madhuca latifolia) Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana)

Bel (Aegle mermelos) Saj (Terminalia tomentosa)

Kanker (Flacorita indica) Tendu (Diospyros melanoxylon)

Reunjha (Acacia leucophloea)

CULTIVATED TREES GROWING IN THE VILLAGES

Bargad (Ficus bengalensis) Gular (Ficus glomerata)

Pipal (Ficus religiosa) Imli (Tamarindus indica)

Aam (Mangifera indica) Jamun (Syzigium cumini)

Munga (Moringa olderfera) Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana)

Bel (Aegle marmelos) Lasora (Cordia dichotoma)

Neem (Azadirachta indica) Mahua (Madhuca latifolia)

Sitaphal (Anona squamosa)

LIST OF FAUNA OF THE STUDY AREA

Bengal Monkey (Macasus rhesus) Jungle cat (Felischaus)

Mongoose (Herpests mingo) Sambhar (Crevus unicolor)




Kalmuha monkey (Semnapthecus

on lellccs)

Common hawcuckoo (Cuculus

micropterces)

House sparrow (Passer

domesticus)

House crow (carvus splendens)

Common maina (Acrido tehras

tristis)

6.7 LAND USE PATTERN

The study area covers about 21801 ha. For computation of the land use pattern in

the study area based on the village-wise land-use data given in the census records,

the geographical area of all settlements covered within the study area, though many

villages in the peripheries of the circular study area are partially covered. Perfect

delineation and quantification of land uses for the partially covered parts of villages

of the study area is not possible, hence the entire village area is considered for the

study, irrespective of its coverage within the village boundary. For computation of

the land use pattern in the study area based on the village-wise land-use data given

in the census records, the geographical area of all settlements covered within the

study area, though many villages in the peripheries of the circular study area are

partially covered. Perfect delineation and quantification of land uses for the

partially covered parts of villages of the study area is not possible, hence the entire

village area is considered for the study, irrespective of its coverage within the

village boundary.

The land use is classified into four types – viz. forests, area under cultivation,

culturable waste and the area not available for cultivation. The land under

cultivation is further sub-divided into two types viz. irrigated and un-irrigated.

Land-use Pattern in the Study Area

S. N. Particulars Study Area (ha) Percentage

Coverage

1. Forest Land 4395 20.15963

2. Land under Cultivation

a) Irrigated Land 8791 40.32384

b) Un irrigated Land 3442 15.78827

3. Culturable Waste Land 2738 12.55906

4. Area not available for cultivation 2435 11.16921

Total Area 21801 100




6.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

The study area comprises of total 36 Villages. These villages fall under one tehsil –

Katangi. The demographic details have been abstracted from Primary Census

Abstract- 2001(CD) of Madhya Pradesh obtained from Office of Registrar General

India, New Delhi.

The salient features of the study area are as follows:

o Total population of the villages in the study area is 54573

o The total no of household in the study area is 11322

o Sex ratio (no. of females per 1000 males) is 1042

o The literacy rate in the study area is 64.2%

o The percentage of scheduled tribe in the study area is 17.17% while only

8.59% population is of scheduled caste

o Out of total population maximum people are workers i.e. 55.66% Followed

by main workers 67.76% and marginal workers 32.24%

ESTIMATED BASIC STATISTICS OF THE STUDY AREA

1. Households

2. Population

Male

Female

3. Schedule Tribe

4. Schedule Cast

5. Literacy Rate

6. Occupational Pattern:

(A) Total Working Population

(1) Main workers

(% of total Working population )

i) Cultivators (% of main worker)

ii) Agricultural Labors (% of main worker)

iii) House hold Labors (% of main worker)

iv) Other Workers (% of main worker)

(2) Marginal Workers

(% of total Working population)

(B) Total Non Working population

11322

54573

26720

27853

9317

4689

64.2%

55.66%

67.76%

43.33%

44.87%

2.93%

8.86%

32.24%

44.34




7. IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Mining activities is bound to have an adverse impact on existent environment. An

understanding of the nature and extent of various impacts is essential in devising

the methods and advance planning to mitigate the impacts and ultimately restore

the land to useful conditions.

8. IMPACT EVALUATION

An attempt has been made to evaluate the impact of project in terms of both quality

and quantity by using modified matrix method for crucial environmental

parameters. The environmental impact evaluation of possible effects as a result of

proposed mining area is primarily based on study of objectives, process,

surrounding environment etc. The aspects such as water, air, land and related

issues have been assessed on the basis of mining operations for similar activity. The

environmental impacts identify the possible relationship of proposed mining

operations with respect to environmental parameters. Their relationship can be

beneficial or adverse and can be further classified as short term, long term,

reversible, irreversible, local or regional.

9. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 Reclamation of Land

Reclamation and rehabilitation is will be proposed during proposed five year

working, entire mine waste will be used for backfilling purposed. Waste generated

during the proposal period will be partly used for the backfilling. Systematic

reclamation and afforestation of mined out areas will be carried out in lease area so

as to cover the entire worked out area before expiry of mining lease. Since further

exploration is proposed to completely delineate ore bearing areas within the

leasehold, complete reclamation programme cannot be given at this juncture but

waste will be spread in worked out areas to the maximum extent possible.

9.2 Green Belt Development




Plantation will be done within the northeastern 7.5 m barrier zone of the lease area.

Site for proposed plantation is chosen, so as to facilitate proper monitoring and

after care of plants on regular basis. Programme of afforestation is decided keeping

in view to improve environment. Plantation is proposed by considering that each

plant will cover about 3x3 m area and survival rate is considered about 80%. Plants

like Neem, Mango, Karanj, Subabool and other varieties will be put in consultation

with local forest department. Sapling will be planted in 30-cm. deep hole covered

with soil and manure. A Mali will take care of plants for their better survival

conditions.

Afforestation plan

In initial stage the green belt will be developed in following manner.

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT & MANAGEMENT

Ecology: Stage Wise Cumulative Plantation

REQUIREMENTS OF PLANTS FOR AFFORESTATION/RECLAMATION

Year Unworked area

Outside

dumps

(backfill

area)

Inside Dumps Top soil

dumps Total

Area

(Ha) Trees

Area

(Ha) Trees

Area

(Ha) Trees

Area

(Ha) Trees

Area

(Ha)

No. of

Trees

Present 4.0 4000 - - 8.4160 8000 - - 12.4160 12000

1st to 5th 1.0 1500 0.1275 190 0.5 1200 - - 1.6275 2890

6th to mine

life

3.0 4500 - - 5.0 7500 - - 8.0 12000

Bench/slope 3.3729 3370 3.3729 3370

Total 11.3729 13370 0.1275 190 13.916 16700 25.4164 30260

9.3 Measures to Improve Socio-Economic Conditions

The impacts of the project would be felt in an integrated manner on the socio-

economic environment in the study area. There is no village in core zone and

further no displacement is required for the proposed project and therefore impact

will be positive side rather negative. The impacts on the different components viz

employment, housing, educational, and medical and transport facilities, fuel

availability, economics, status, health agriculture is not significant because size of

project is very small. However, it would definitely increase the employment




opportunity (primary as well as secondary) in the project area. Some of these

impacts would be beneficial.

• The project will have a strong positive employment and income effect, both

direct as well as indirect.

• Migrant-Non migrant ratio shall shift towards migrant side. This will happen

because of (i) better employment opportunities due to this project and (ii)

relatively low agricultural yield through traditional agricultural practice

with monocrops.

• The project shall speed up the growing view on importance of education

among people in study area.

• The project is going to bring about changes in the pattern of demand from

food to non-food items if sufficient income is generated.

• The project is not going to influence the existing traditional agricultural

situation significantly. It may help to improve agricultural production by way

of providing additional income to the farms from supplementary sources.

• People perceive that the project will bring handful gains by way of creating

significant job opportunities along with development of social infrastructure.

9.4 Air Pollution Control Measures

Following measures shall be taken to mitigate the effect of mining operation over

ambient air environment:

1. Regular spraying of water by water sprinkling system over haulage roads.

2. To reduce dust generation during loading operation water shall be sprayed

over the muck pile to the loaded;

3. To reduce dust generation during plying of dumpers on the haul road. Water

sprinkling is done at frequent intervals. Water sprinklers shall be installed

at the mine haulage road;

4. To reduce spread of dust, plantation along the mining lease boundary and

plantation shall be also done along haul roads.

5. Periodic maintenance of haulage roads.




6. All over burden dumps shall be stabilized with legumes and grass to prevent

the erosion of soil and arrest the dust emission during windy days.

In addition to the above following additional mitigation measures shall be adopted

and it is expected to continue in future also:

1. Dust mask shall be provided to all workers working in dusty atmosphere.

2. Tree Saplings shall be planted at the periphery of mining lease

3. Regular maintenance of vehicles and machinery’s shall be carried out in

order to control emissions;

4. A good house keeping and proper maintenance shall be practiced which will

help in controlling pollution.

9.5 Noise Pollution Control Measures

The main sources of noise in mining activity are drilling, blasting, loading

equipment, etc. Following mitigation measures should be taken to control noise

pollution:

1. Wherever the noise levels exceed 85 dBA, workers should be provided with

earmuffs, ear plugs etc.

2. All moving parts of machine shall be properly lubricated;

3. Non-moving parts of machine shall be properly fastened;

4. A barrier of overburden at mine boundaries shall be made and three rows of

trees are proposed to be planted to reduce propagation of noise;

5. Noise barriers, silencers and enclosures shall be incorporated for

equipments, which emit high noise levels.

6. All the basic equipments and various machineries shall be kept well

maintained.

7. Thick green belt around the mining pit and along the haulage roads.

8. As far as possible heavy and noisy workers shall be avoided during

nighttime.

9.6 Water Pollution Control measures

Following measures have been taken to avoid accumulation of water:




1. Pump having required capacity shall be installed to lift accumulated rain

water from working pit.

2. There shall not be no over flow on wash off from dumps nor is there any

beneficiation plant. Only rainwater is pumped out of the mine;

3. There is no toxic constituent in water and soil so water collected in sump is

free from any toxic substances.

4. A silt-settling tank shall be constructed in northern barrier zone area to

settle heavy particle before discharging water into drain.

5. Quality of water accumulated in the working pit may be checked during

monsoon.

6. It shall be ensured that silt content in the mines discharged is minimum.

7. It shall be ensured that quality of drinking water for the worker is hygienic

and good sanitation system is available.

10.0 Conclusion

The Manganese ore mining project of M/s A. P. Trivedi Sons, Balaghat, village

– Ramrama, Tehsil Waraseoni and Balaghat District (MP) will be

environmental compatible to the surrounding due to the high standards of

pollution control measures to be adopted during the operation activity. Thus

it can be safely stated that the mining activities will not have any adverse

effect on the surroundings, if the proper environmental management plan is

adopted.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY final - MPPCB · national reserve. The "Bharveli manganese mine" in Balaghat...

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Transcript of EXECUTIVE SUMMARY final - MPPCB · national reserve. The "Bharveli manganese mine" in Balaghat...