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Nakamoto, Kazuo. Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Theory and Applications in InorganicChemistry.: John Wiley & Sons, . p 16http://site.ebrary.com/id/10275714?ppg=16Copyright © John Wiley & Sons. . All rights reserved.May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher,except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.

Nakamoto, Kazuo. Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Theory and Applications in InorganicChemistry.: John Wiley & Sons, . p 16http://site.ebrary.com/id/10275714?ppg=16Copyright © John Wiley & Sons. . All rights reserved.May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher,except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.

Example of rotational, vibrational and electronic transition energy levels.

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Example of several possible vibrational modes.

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Nakamoto, Kazuo. Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Theory and Applications in InorganicChemistry.: John Wiley & Sons, . p 20http://site.ebrary.com/id/10275714?ppg=20Copyright © John Wiley & Sons. . All rights reserved.May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher,except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.

Nakamoto, Kazuo. Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, Theory and Applications in InorganicChemistry.: John Wiley & Sons, . p 21http://site.ebrary.com/id/10275714?ppg=21Copyright © John Wiley & Sons. . All rights reserved.May not be reproduced in any form without permission from the publisher,except fair uses permitted under U.S. or applicable copyright law.

Diagram for Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman absorptions. Note the difference in energy level associated with this inelastic scattering phenomenon.

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Reflectance spectra of Norway Maple leaves as they change color during autumn. Note the increase in reflectance at short wavelengths due to the loss of chlorophyll, as well as the increase in the ‘woody’ absorption features (cellulose and lignin) at longer wavelengths once chlorophyll production has ceased and water has been lost.

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Carbonates

Reflectance spectra of carbonate minerals showing overtones of CO3 vibrations near 2.3 µm (and short edge of 2.5 µm band). The position of the CO3 vibrations will depend on the cation in the mineral (e.g., Mg, Ca, Fe2+). The cations are in octahedral coordination.

Dolomite

Fe2+

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Clay Minerals

Reflectance spectra of clay minerals showing OH (1.4 & 2.2-2.3 µm) and H2O (1.4 and 1.9 µm) vibrational absorptions. Clay minerals that vary from Al to Fe to Mg-rich varieties exhibit metal-OH bands that vary from 2.2 to 2.32 µm, respectively. The Al, Mg, or Fe is in octahedral coordination whereas Si (and sometimes Al3+ and Fe3+) are in tet. coord.

Al-OH

Al/Mg-OH

Fe-OH

Al-OH