" BOOK REVIEW

Doltu. A fort nightly .rapanese.language ma.gaz.ine<In Ge.rman 8ffa.ir~. (Tokyo)

In 1940 a periodic-al made it.s appearance in Japanwhich WlIS entitled •..,·/.,..,hi,,·Voilu (Germany in Pic.tures), heantifully pnt, out and containing photographs,drawing~. ('i\rtoons, .md reports. In April J94 J it wasrenamed 00;1 •• (Germany) anti hll.llsinee been publishedtwice II 1I10nth. The reader is nnfailingly offered anabundalll'e of topiea\ material eonnected with Germl,n·Japaneso cultural reli\tioll!l. To Il:ivo an idea of themanifold eontents of tho periodicai we lti.·o here sOllie<Jf t,he tilles of the arlicles contained in the lotost.issue 10 hllvc reached nS.

II SIMIs with II. notable contrihul,ion bv AmbassadorStahmer on the o{'ei\lolion of t,he fourth ~nniversary ofthe Tripart.it,o PI\,cl. Ohgushi Toyoo, a prominentJ',panel;O allthor and one of the best cxperts on Ger·limn,\', h",s writtell 1111 interesting artide 011 the subject"The Falo of Gerlt'lilny." "The Dovelopment of Ger.

mally's Labor Legi..Jation," i" a contribution by Pro.fessor TSllmagari Kuranojo of the Imperial Universityof Sendai. Goto Kiyoshi has written a partioularlytopical i\rticle on the employment of forei~,''Il labor inGermi\n)', while Colonol Iijima Maaayoahi of theImperial Japanese Army Air Force deals with theGem\an armament production. Hamada .1 oj iro, fonnerspecial (~orresP<Jmlent of the AsaM in Uerlin, com·ment.~ on what ill i\t present the most imrtOrtant of1\11 suujects, "Germany's Totl\1 Mobilization." Pro·fe8.'lOr Ezawa .roji's article 011 "German ,rar Economyand Industrial Distribution" is accolllpanjed by ex·cellent iIIustratiollil and graphs.

In addition the i!l8ue contains an article by Franz~1ellde on "The Legal Position of Foreign Workers inGerffil\ny." au art·iele on "The Crisis of "~urope" (trans.lated Imd roprintod from the Neue Wiener Tal1eblaU).as woll os interesting topical reports from (~rmany

lIndt.r such headings as "Politics," "Military News,""Sociology," "Economics," and "Culture:'

APPENDIX

FACTS, FIGUHES, AND DOCUMENTS PERTAINING TO SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE

I. Territorial Cbanies Between 1914 and 1943.IIlJ!'O.~.RY:

A LUoU' I.\:

Albania "fl",r BalkAn Wa .Entire tt'rrltory 1<> Italy 'A.:19 . ........•..........Ill<lclJ('ndencc retumed aulumn 1M3 .

AI""nl" 1943 ...•.....•.•.........•..............

!7,r.38- l!7,!>38+ l!i,6:s8

1!7,!>3892,~

+ I.:!,IO~

+ 12.101

+ 4;1,{92

+ 11,017;.

17:.!,:!OI

3',39t

YUGOsr.AVIA:

Yug""lllvl" all<!r Treatie8 of lSI. Gennaln (IO.IUg),='leuJUy (2•. 11.1\1), and Trianon (4.6.20).......... !I8,lIeU

SloveniA (abt.ll.OOO lMl.km.esch to Ltaly and Uem,an,tlHll-.bt.ll1,OOO

Tcrritorillil IIOrth 01 /)l'1lva and Oanube (to Hungar,IOU) - 11,475

~I...:<"donla, :\{oravg I"rrltor)' (to llulllllria UH O. ... - 26,00"Remainder of VUllo,lavla dlBllolvcd 11.11.0 following In·

depend<'l.t Bta\<l1l :

CRO.o\TI.-\:

Terrllory Inr.ludlnll are'" of ~'Iumc anrt Oalmatia eel7.cdhy Italy from Yugo.lavl" in lUll snd returned I..,l:roatla lUt:! abt. 128,000

SERB I.... :

Serbl.. aftN Ualk3n Wau ..........•..•........ abl.. 80,000Serbia I:JU abt. f>O,OOIl

P" ""litUuml\ntl\U~ J:!,r.oo,ooo :!O.8MHltyanl 11.000,000 1'.l.!I8erhol i, 100,000 lUIJlulKl'rlall3 1">,000,(l()() U.8Ul'i"t:kil [••;00,000 U.Sl'roM.. 4,IiHI,OOI) U.iISlo\·al.., 3,000,000 li.OOcm,a.na 2.~OO.OOO 3.7Jew, 1.750,000 2.\1Turks 1,000,000:!.7~lll\'ene5 1.:!00,OOO l!.oHulhenlnn. soa.OOO 1.3AII>aIlI&lUl ;,00,000 0.')Otheu l,7:iO,OU'J 2.0

The latter category inoludes Armenians. It.alianll,French, Czechs, Poles, l'om..ks, GagauZ8lI, Kutzo·

MONTENEGRO:

~Iontencgroall"r nalkAn Wa abl,. 111,000Monl"negro IU~3 abt. 111,000

11. Nationalities In the BalkansThere are no statistics of nationality which can lay

claim to complete accul'I1cy. The proportion of thevarious ni\tionaJitfes among the some 60 million in·habitunts of tlOlltheastem Europe is approximately all

follow IS :

112,51"

I03,L46

+ 7,695

+ 13.r1;~

+ 5!K,

+ 26,995

126,08~

- 13,6.2) •••• :::::::: 50:'-

GreCl.'C I!H3 .........•............••.....•.......•

Gr<'L'Ce aitrr Gl'l'('()-TurkL.h War 1()-~2...........•.....o\t1lelln territory (to BulllllrlA 1941)Thll.'105, Samolhrake l --4<>.-

Bulgarhl 1\)43 .............................•.•.... lS2,OO3

Bl:)LO~U:

Rumania ""lore Trlullon 'fn'IlI y uhl. 13!l.OOO

(;rCIIII'r Humanla aiter Trlanoll 'J'rraly 4.6.20. . .•• .. . :::J",lJ.l\lli.......rubl" (t4,4:!'~ llIj.km.) "lid lIorlhcru lluooylnl\

W.WJ sq.km) (10 US5R aft~r Sovlrl ulUmlllum2(l.6.~O) - "O,Ul

Jlelnc'Orporalcd In Rumanl.. ailer outbreak of Genlll...•Stlvlet war + 1>0.431

!\onhero Trall8)'lvaula (10 HUlIll'Ir)', 2nd VlennllArbltr. 3U.8.4Ul - 43.4!l~

Soutllrro DobruJa (to Cu1llllrla,t.:ralova Treaty 7.\IAO) - '.(lNi

!lumanla 1I113.................................... 2U,862

GRIH:Ct::

Grct.'Cc aiter Balkan Wau , ..•.•.•••••.... ab I.. 120,000

104 THE X.~th CESTURY

Wala(·hinns. Groat Russian!!, Tarto,n!, OypsiCll. Aro·tUunos, and ot hers.

Bcfore t,be :)eeond Vienno Arbit.ration of August 30.11140, the distribution of notionolilie within thv"riou8 8tate WI\8 nnout n follows:

TutuJ :!,llO7,OOO

lO\'AEIA : . tovaL:"1;llormnn":\l:If,:yarM.Huthen~nusJ,..w(JIl,"",

:!,400.000H,O,.l()t167.uOO1~',OHO>lO,{)(lIJ:1(\,000

rn C1'"'85.1

£'J.32.-43 oJ

2.~

0.7

For Turko)' in Europe. other llt·atiBti..s provide th6following figures: 730,000 Turkll (58.2%), IliO.OOOBulgarilln Macedonians (12.5%), 180,000 oreeks (1..%).100,000 Annenions (8.3%), 110,000 Jews (5%).

Other cll.lcul8l'ions arrive ot 1\ proportion of only71.11 por cent of Rumanians in Oreat.er Rurlllmiainslead of the 7/),4 pcr cent mont.ioned abo,·e. Whnt.·over it mlLy have been, it W68 roillOfl coneiderohly. to"hout S:1.1 per cent liS a re,mlt of the Second \'iorlllil.-\rbitrotion.

111. Religious Distribution In the Balkans

11 mU~1 he born'" in mimI thllllh ruling noliomLlilyof {'/,,:h slllie is IIlwoys inclined 1.0 I'llt the flgllre of itRown noti n/llily higher. While Yugoslovi" counledt.h MacCiloniwlH among the Serb,.. the l3ulguril\nsrOllnrd them n8 of their own nationali ..v, HOIwe,after the territorial e pansion of 11'41, B;,lgarill,IUl­noun..e<t thnt th" proportion of Bulgarians in her newpopulation (igure of S.iJ43.000 \\,1\" I';S per cenl. i.e.,about 7,Ii miJIion BulgariuJlS in tead of tho :;.\1 mil·HOnJI 'A'e men tionod,

1\'. Interstate Trude In Southeastern Europein 1938

V. German-RumanIan Economic Treaty ofMarch 23, 1939

<o\,u

I:!.II.l

nggrt'gtlte I rlute of each 8t"(0)Willi:

n"l- Uum,,- \'u~t>- Turk ). Gr('('('(' IIJ\I~ os""ria ilia shwl" \Hu,1

H.\. 0.:' :.s,; 0.7 U.; l~.:",

1.7 It.a n.7 Il.l\ r•.aJ.~ • 4.:, J0.:':

2.tJ • ,0'

IIuu·IIDr)'

nnnQ'uryBulunrin :.!.ORunllulia 4.!'.Yusrotlln\'!a ~_O 1..:.Turkey I. :1.5.ircl'ro I.H 0.3 7.U :,t70) nuL li'ta,I, as ""'"11 too 1n.lgnl II.... 01..

(in per cent uf thYnrfiVII 7',a"~

Qj:

After prolongt'd negotiotions which wero conductedin a "pirit of friendship, lUI agreement WI\9 8igned unTlllIrsd.IW in BIl<:harpst bv the rCllidenl (Jerml\n Minis.It'r Dr, t~abricius amI Jlii-.istcrial Direclor Wohltat onlho one han.I, onrl b~' the Rumanian "'oreign Minist.er(:afen'u and the HutUunion Minister of E"ollOmi '8

Bujoiu on Ihe other, which formA the nuai for n fur·ther expansiun oi Germl\n.Rulllanion econumic reoIMions..4 rlidll 1.

In supplemonting th... oxi"ting arrangoments for 1110Gennnll.Rumollian economic exchange. nn ('CUllOlllicplan on I he co-operation of t he Contracting l'llrl iO!lcovering a numoor of ~·eurs. haOl been "01. np in whi,'"t he bah~ncing of the reciprocul economic ex('hnngo isto he maintained in principle.

The economio pion is on t,he one Imnd to lIul ilolfy theGer1l\un import re'lui.remenl'" lind on the ot h{'r 10lake into uccount tile potentialities for the develop.ment of Rumanian production and llie inleMlal Bn·tUanil.\n need.. I~S well aK I.he reqnirenlonts of Hnmoniu.·etrllde with olher countries,

The economic plan is to cover in partic'ulur:1. (ll) The development and guiding of RU1l\I.\niu's

agriculturul production. I"ollowing lUI (ox·chango of experience ootween the rf'Spe<:1 ivo

P<'T ('O'.. tIJ ·:<G.~ltV: Homan Calholl<'S 5.fi87.000 (lUI

( 19:10) Gl'\'Ck 01t.holh'S :105,000 t.llHurullIriuu lh'lotllll'l1 J.'Oil,OOO ~u.u

I.llth.mos 531.000 Ii.tHn....k Ott ho<I",: 01.000 u.:".J('W8 047a,OOO f'.1

)'I'GO! fu\\'IA: C.;re<'k Orthodox r~.ooo.()(X) <H~ r.(1921) I{Olllllfl 1'lIlIH,II"" 4,i3!•.OOO ::'J.:.

)loh3nunedtlnll 1.3-Iu,ooO II.::ProlCllwnl,d :l:lO,OOIl 1.0(Jl-" U[,.hOO 0.['t,; r~k Cal.loolk:8 ..~,OOO to. I

OULGAnl \: Ilr~k Orthodox 4,f162,OOO ~a.s

(1\120) llnhulUlllclinut' 6111 ,lHHI 14.:\J·.. ,,·o 43,000 0.11HOI.Uln CGll.,U"" 3-1,000 U.i..\ nn('nirtJl l'n..~ortnn. II ,()(J() U .,l'rol ..."tanf", lI,UOU 11.1

ALDASl.\: ll"h"lllmedlln~ :.30.000 00.:1I1n"k Ortl••1 'I; 171t,ooo :!1.:!numnn l:'\lholh.~ 100,OW I:::.:.

Ill' &L~:q,\: l,rllCk Orl.l'o<l,,'I; Il,lIOll,OOO 71.:,(I O:! I ) 4i~,.k CatJK)llf~ 1,31lb.00l1 ~.~

Itom..n ClIl100lks I.:L-~O,OOO ;.dI·r(,tt~t.nnu I,:!'}I,OOO 7.1.11~w!t illU,lJOO r•. l)

Ollt;F;n:: (;n",k Orthodo'l; 6,Ii>O,ooo 9'1.'(HI:!~) UIJllIllJ. c.,tIK.IlCS :':.-,.000 It.•

~ltlhl"11111{.,I:lu!l 8,00\.1 II.lt'rotl-.,ljtulltJi !"OOUJ w a,OOU

~I, lO'n'" !I,:o!.o,OOO 77.0tl£lnnanM 7OO,uoo a.UHUlhcliluns UlH1.flOO b.U~Io\'nk.§ 3:>0,000 :!.U1 I', Htmyewall!',

«rill 8hokut7.J1 10'1.000 0.8!\crl"', III"rlall' 7,000 0,1\\'("11..11•• 'Jon1t("!I 7.000 (J,l

JO"'I 7OU.lJIHI 5.1/Jlutnnulau8 [,(1,000 1/.1Ull,cl'Jl I:!I/,O(HJ 1.0

Tolnl 12,1ll-l,OIJO

Z'\prb" 7,1100,000 46.7('rOOI. 4,IHHI,IJOU :!;~

S.loVl"ltMI 1,100,llOO 7,0Ch'nna"lA 7110,00<1 4.7lll111yar. 4r.o,OOo :1,1)

AUltIulntll' r.fttl,OOH :l.:ll\ult:nruul~ :!IIO,OO\.I 1.:1ItlUlu,n'an~ :\lJIJ.OlIO :!.OJew~ i:"•• (l(t1t u,;)hall "' If••IIUO U.IU hI"" ;,],0,000 3.1l

'1'01111 1·1,IlUO,OOO

HlIhmrlran§ ~::7n.oO() 'UItlllllalllun~ I'l',lHJIJ 1.:1Turks OHO,IJUO 11.11l'OIllUk~ I1111 ,yOO \.II';'·rllI.un! [1.000 U.I.ft'""! ~:"OOO U.8C)thrf"! :!OO.OOO a,a

TOlal 11,:\00,000

.~1I. nl fL' tlr.fl,(IOO ...~C'rl1llt ll:',lhlll 7.~

Itlulmnlnm, ,:,;),.,00 ti.nTurk ::"',000 (\.UUrf't.'L:8 1:',,000 Li

Totnl '11',1/00

Hum nlano 1~.Oi.o,OOO 7:;. ,~111il~'nOl 1,Ill lU,llllU II.~

';cnllllllll 7lJ1J.(lOU UUulwannnA :!:,O.('Ou I.:.~rl OO.IJlHl IIASlo\'uk.Jl :IO.lHlIl U.:lHut.IIt'III:Ul" :IO,IIlJO u.~

Itu.... lunoc. !tU.HOU u.aTurk., TarIn", 1:'<".1""' U.\IJt'w~ 711O.(IOU .fA(UI",u Ifo!ll.OOll 1.1

Tolnl IIl,lJIl\',OOO

Clrt'ek! ",1140.0(11) flUllul~lIrinns 1111),(100 1.1\Turk.. 1:!.~.()IJ() ~.l

.Jt"""'" 7i.,(H~1 I"Uth.'T. ll\J.lHH' I.U

TI,lal 0,000,0011

T"rk. 760,000 70.0I\ullotarlarl" :llJ.OOO :I,U4ifY""·ks ;lO,IJlIO 1I.1lJ(,\\ 6O,lHlO n.1I\JI,I1,'", .11,11011 7.1l

Total 1,\100,000

rrltKy.\· IXJ-:UI!OI'I-::

GIlF.lo:nl:

Dl;LGAIHA:

yuon l.A"]A :

IfUl\GARY:

APPENDL~

authorities in charge on either sido t,ho cui·t,ivation of new products und the increlIIle ofproducts already Wldor cultivation. especiallyfodder. oileeedB. and fiber plants, ill also tobe undertaken.

(b) The development of existing aud t,be creationof lIOW agricultural industries llnd refiningentorprilloll.

2, (u) The dcvelopment of Rumania's timber andforelltrv indlIlItry,

(b) The fOUllllillg of timbor enterprises and in·duslries. 88 far 88 may be necessary withrespoct to 2(a).

3. (II) The lIupply of machinery and inBtallations ofthe minillg industrietl in Rumwa. Thefounding or mixed German·Rumanian com·panics for the opening up and exploitation ofeop(lor pyriles in Dobruja. of chromite inHlmlll, of msngan6lle ores in the VutmDomci/Rosteni region; the exploitution ofbuuxite deposits and pollSibly the bu.iJding upof an ahuninum industry is also to be ex·uminetl.

4, The founding of a mixed German.Rumaniancompany to enguge in prospecling for mineraloil lind thc carrying out of a drilling androfillin~ program.

fl, Co·operalion in Ihe indust.rial field.I;. The creuI.ioll of free zone!!, in which industrial

und troding enterprises 1,,"0 to be 68tublished.and I,he eonstructiun uf warehouses .\Ild loud.ing fllcilities for German shipping in thOllCfree zones.

•. The lIul'ply of arms lUld equipment for t.heRumaniun Army, Navy, Air Force, and unnu·ment induslr\'.

s, Tho irnprO\'ement and extension of corn·mUlli"lItions und t ranHporl, roads anu water·\\'U\')(,

!J. Th' clilahlishing of public uti\it.ie.~.\0, ColI"hornlion among Gcrman nnd Rumuniun

blLnkH in I he illt .. r('H~ of bol h "ountries.clllwcinlly for tile finuncing of the \'llrioust·nLntUlction<l.

A r/;r/ / /,The ,'arryillg out of this Iroal~' is placed in the

IIIUld_ of I he Govcmmellt CUIlHllittces whil'h worcUllpoinle(( un tho l!~rength of Ar~iclc 32 of thc Se~tle·

III 'nt. Trade. ILIld Shipping Agreement betwoon thoItt'i'" , IIl1d Ihe Kingdom or Hwnullia of March 23,1\1:1:;.Arrid,: //1.

The (:ovcrnmcnt Committeell will communicalowit h (-/\1'''' 01 her on their phll:18 which are blUlCu on\ ho spirit of I hill agreemcnt" They decide on thec",,,,ution of tho \',uious l'ropollitions. Uoth Go,·on,.ItlOIlI:; will 1"lul tho ncccs"arv IlS8islance to economicot'f!lIniznt ionK IIml firms eng;,god in Iho propllrationiLnd ('nnying 01.11, of tho moasurell cnumerated underArl ide 1. lind will fl\Cilitato Ihe introduction of mOlls·I.Irt',' IIpprov~'(1 by Ihe Go\'ornment Committ.oos b,)'gruntillJo( Ihe permits required b,)' law..·Irlir/£. / r.

The paymcnt>! \.0 be madc from Germany to Ru·lIlania and vico \'Cl"Sl\ in carrying uut t.his agrecmen~

..rc !!o\'orno<.! b,)' I he rules Jo(enorally valid for tho Ger.1111111- Rumanilul trallsfer of paymentll. The (Juvenl·IlIcnt Comrnil\.oos may agree I.hut a percentnge uf thof'rVI'L'<',ls of tho lIupplies li<ltod unci 01' Articlo ]. 7 to D.I w",11 u... of other supplie.~ Uluy IJe employed for('"pilal invcstmellls and for the finuJlciug of Iho prop·osi\ i,m cl1luneralcd IInder Ar~icle 1.Arlide V.

This Rgrcornellt is to be rutified. It becomes \'alid(Jilt' ,,,unlh aftor the e"chllllge of the notes of r"Iiftca·I j, ,", which ill to take pleco ,.... oarly as possible inHerlin. The COlllrncting 1'111"1 jell will provisiollllll,)'lll'ply llie ugrooment fwm llio day of signing,

105

The agreement remains in force unt il Maroh 31.1944. Unlllll8 not i,,-e i.lI givon one ~'ear prior to thilldate. it i8 cOnBidered to havo been extended for anundetermined period. 1.11 that e.a80 notice Dlay begiven at the end of cach quarter ,)'ear allowing for aperiod of one year.

Signed in 8ucharetlt in Germun and HUlDallillll intwo copiee eMh on MlU'eh 23. 1939.

lligned: Fabricius lIigned: GufolleuWohltllt Uujoiu

\'1. Terms of the Armlstlce Between Rumaniaand the Allie.

The Govcrnment and High Command of Humanis.acknowledging the defeat of Rumania ill the waragainst the tJSSH, tho USA. Grollt Hritain. lllld thoother Allied nationg. Il('COpl, the torfIlR of tho arrnisti('oas luid down by the three llbove·mentionrd Alliedstat&!, acling in the interCdt of the United Nal,ions:

(I) Since 4 o'clock, August 24, 194", RUDllllliu hill!completely ceased h08tilitiUK against Ihe (;S 'R on allfronts. •'he has retired from Ihe war ogRinst theUnited Nations, She hM broken off reialiollll withGermany und her 8810Ilite8. hIlS entered the war andwill w"go wllr on the side of the Allied stu~e!l againstGcrmnny and Hungary. Tho military oporutions ofRumaniu's armed forces. including her nuvy and airforce. aguills~ Gennal1~' und Hungary will be con·ductcd ulldor Ihe general direclion of the AlJied (SO\'iN)Hilo:h Command.

(2) Humani" promiS<'S 1o undertake the nl.'COS3Ilrymeasures to disarm and intorn the an'llod forces orGerman,)' nnd H unglU~' on Humanian 80il us well n8to intern the citizens of t.hoso two states residing I here.

(:I) Humoniu will assure Sovie~ llnd otlier Alliedtroops froo movemcn~ on HUI118J1illll torritory in ulldirections if the military llituRtiun so requirOll, nu,maniu will grant I'very fucilily to I·hose movomcntilby providing RII mcans of Iransportation Rt her owncost, on land. Rt seu, Rnd ill tho uir.

(") The frontier belwoon the USSR and Rumaniaes~ublished in the Su\'iot.ltulIlanian TreuI,)' of ,JWIO tl,I!HO, is rcstored.

(5) RUllllmi" will immodjlllol~' surrender Iho Sovietand Allied pri!loners of war. II.!! wcl1ll8 citizens illternL~\

or forcibly remO\'L'<1 10 Rurnllnin, to tile Allied (So\'il't)Hi~h Command for the purpose of repatriol ion. Fromthe moment of Ihe ignnt.ure of I hose terms llnd unt iltheir roplll riation has boon effoct.ed, Rumania unner.takes 01. hor own cos~ to pru\·jdo 011 So\'iet ollli Alliedprilloncrs of Wllr as well lL!l forcihly removod lLlldinterned citizens with sufficient food. ('lothe8. andmedil'lll nid, flS well as wilh means of Imnsport furrelurning these persons t,o t.heir own cOUJll.rios.

(6) Humonio will immerlialoly relea..'10 all p;'rsons,irrespective of their t'itil,enllhip and "alionulit)'. im·prisoned for I.heir acti,·ity in !L,,'or of tho UnitedKotionll or thcir sympllthy for Ihe cause of tho UnitedNal ionll, or in view of their nationol orij;(in. und wilJrescind all discriminatory logislalion deriving thore­f rOlll,

(7) Rumania und",rl.llkell toO hund over 118 warbooty IoJ I,h" Allied (Soviel) High Command all militarysupplies of Uermany und hcr lllltellitt'S at pro:>cnt ouRumiLnian torritory. including no\'al unilK uf Ger.Il1Rny and her satellite.! in Humanio.n ",alers,

(S) Humania wldertakes to pre\'ent tho remo\'aland oxpropriution of property of nil kinds (inoludingvaluohlos und foreign currency) own(·d by Oerml\.nyIlnu Hungary or their citizons wil hout permission ofthe AI\jed (So\-iet) High Command.

(\)/ Rumania will hlllld over to Ihe Allied (Soviet)High Command all vOS8eIs belonging to I ho Unitt.'(\Naiiollll which are in Rumlllliun ports, irrcslx'l'tivo ofWlder whoso control thcBO \'essels are at the Illom n1.

(10) RUrlllLllil1 must re~ularly pay funds in Hu·moniun curroncy required by tho Allied (l:lo\'iet}High Commnnd for the exeeution of its funotiuns andalso, in cllse of nece&!ity. 1l&!lIro the uso of industrialand tmrlllport facilities, means of communication,

10e THE XXth CENTURY

power lltations, publio utilities, fuel stocks, oil, food,and other material on RUffillJlian territory, a8 wellae llervi acoordin~ to inBtructiona issued hy theAJlied (Soviet) High Command.

( II) Tho damages auffered by Ihe SO\oiet Union Oil

a result of WM operations and the occupal ion ofSoviet territory wiU be mnde good hy RurnlUlia, bul.taking into consideration I hat .Rumania hll.!l notmerely retired from tho Wllr hut 11M d.lclBr(.'(1 war onand i waging war again!!t Uermauy and Hungor~·.

Ihe pu.rti6H ure a~reed thul Humunia will pny indem.nity for tJ,o said dallla~ Mnot in full but only in parI.luullely to the runount of 300 million US dollars intho form of goods (oil profhwt8, whenl, timber. ocennand rh'er "e88018, varioull machinor)'. etc.) to be de·livered over 11 period of six years. Rumani" willalso ropay I.he dama~c8 lIuffered b~' other Allied nati01l8and their citil.01l8 in Humania, the amount to befixed Inter.

(12) llumnnia underto.ketl within a period to hefixed b~' Lhe Allied (Soviet) High Command to restoreto t,he Soviet Union all valuables and materials reomoved from it territory during t Ite war anrl belongingto fiacal, !locial. and co-operative organizat,ionll. enter·pri8etl, inswtute8, Ilnd private oitizetltl.

(13) HUlDunia undertake>< to rC8toro all Icgal rightsand interet<l.s oC the United Nations and their citi7..ens011 Rumanian soil 88 tlley exil!ted before thc war,and also undertakeR to rest.ore their property intact,.

I I'll HUIIl""ia ulldcrt... kes to co-operate with UleAllied (Soviel,) Hi~h Command in arresting personsacculled of war crimeti amI in the ma\.t.er of t.heirpro8CCution.

(16) Rumlu,ia ulll.lertakCH immediately to .Iisbatldall pro-H itlerite FI\8CiHt orl(l\nizationl! on RmnauianlIOil whollO acliviliUll I\.Nl 1I0HtiJe t,o the l nit.ed Nationsand in particulllr 10 the Soviet Union.

(16) The Jlublil:lllioll, import, and dillt,riuut.ion ofliterature in Humanja, I he production of pla~'s Bndcinema filmM. I ho work of rodio stat,ions. p08tal, tele·graph, Ilnd telephone IlCrvil.'efl. will be carried outill agreement with the Allied (Silvie\.) High Commond.

(I i) Loc..1c-ircurnstaJlcCt! permitting. the Rumanion"i,'il w.lminitllrotion will he lo-eHtnbli,dlCd in tho entirot.crritory of Humlmia lying not, ICStI than 60 to 100kilomownJ from 1,110 front lin.'. All rtuuuUlioJl !\d.lDinistmtive oq;allil.llliolls will undertake to curry outtbe inHtruclioll" lind ordera of t.he Alliod (Soviet)High COlTlmluHI.

(18) An Allied Control CommiJl8ion will be l!et upwhich, undor 11,(\ ~enoml "ontrol of t,he Alliod (Soviot)H.igh Com\lI11nd. IIcling in tllo nallle of the nitedNations, will 8upervitlO an,1 regulato tho execution oft.ho cOl.ldit.iODS slated until peace i8 concluded.

( 19) Tho Alli.,d Government s consider the decisionsof the VietllUl Accord null and void ami agroo t.hatTransylvAllia, eill.er all or tho greater part oC it, lIhallbe returned to RUl'luwia. Tile Soviet Governmentagree>i that for this purpoli4l Soviet troof'll shall partic-.ipnte Lo~ether with Humanian tl'OOp" in opornliowlagainllt t:ermany and Hungary.

(20) ThOll(} ternlll become valid from the momentof signature.

SUppltlmtll.loNJ C/OIl8tll:

(a) The meu.omres menlioned in }'oint (2) regl\rdin~

tho int..,rnment of c-il izenH of Germany nnd Hungaryon Rumani"n ,;oil do not appl~' to citizens of the<lC,'ouutrio.. of Jowi..I, nnl,ionalil,v.

(u) Tho agrocm('nt under' Point (3) is t.oken '10

meau I,he I'luc-iu~ at, Ihe oIi.spoMI (If tho AlliO(I (Soviel)High Command for Ihe perio<l of t.h.. urmi"t,ir'e of nilH.umnninn lanel. air. III.d nllv,,1 est"hlislunontB rmdfacilil i08, port.. , barrtwk... ('.nmp", nidldd". moons ofcommunication. lIIoteorologi"al Hl"tions, vr....lIInablyrequired for tho puq>osoti 01 wlir. in good conditiunand with the ncctlll8l\ry pCnlOnnol for their lIen'ice.

The Alli.cd (So,riet) High Command will make use ofthem 88 it !lCC" fit.

(0) ~ Point (10). The Rumania.n GO"er Plelltwill withdraw from oirculation and buy up within theIItated period, under conditions 1.0 be announ...ed bythe Allied (Soviet) High Command. all f'urreney cir.culating on Rumanian soil i8!lued by the Allied (Soviet}High Command. The llurnaniall Govornment willthen hand over the currency withdra,wn' from cir·culation in this manner to the Alliod U~o,-iel) HighCommand free of d,a~e.

(r1) He Point. (11).1 Tho" Rumanian Gon·rumenl.undertnkeH to subject' ho hroad"B8ting "yHtem. tele­grnph and l)()Iltal IlerVioOll. "oclinl; system and ..ourier..orvief', 88 well Bll telephone conne<'tions with foreigncount,riCH, emba88iea, logatiollil, and c-ollsulltt.e" onRumanian soil. to me88Ure!l detennined bv the Allied(Soviet) High Command. .

(e) lle Point (18). The ..\lIied Control Comrni881oJlwill RupervillO the exact execution of the terms 01 thearmistice. The H.umanian Govcnunent and il8 organanre obliged t,o carry out all irult,ructionll of t he Allied(So,·io\.) High Command rC8ulLing frOID the armist ic-eRgrooment.. Tho Allied Control CommiB8ion "'i11l.'8t"blish 8pec:ial organs and lleCtioll8 which it willent,nrst with the carrying out of one or another func otoion. Furt.hennore. the A.llied Control Cornmill!lionmR~' stRlion il,; onkeN! in various places in llumania.Ittl hcadqullrl.cr" IIro Buchare"I,

)Iu~·ow. St!ptember 12. IllH.(1'(186. 14.9.44)

\"11. "~xcerpt8 from Churchill's SpeechDecember 5. 19"

If the dllmR~c of four Y081'" of war and lIf enemyoccupation is to he repaired, fmd if ':reek lifo andecorrom\' "re to be rebuilt, t,heil' internal st,lIuilit Vnmllt. hC maintained and a general election unrler fairconditions and under ..ho aut,hority of tho conRtitu­I ional Orook Government mUllt be acceptor! ami en·forced tJlroughout t he count r~'. The n·nlle<l forcesmU8t be dependont on the Uroek (:overnm('nl" fur nogovernment C'an have a HOund foundation "', loug "OJ

t hore ...ro private armies owing nliegiaJluo 10 RIlY onogroup. party. or ideoloj{~' inlltead of to tho state amIthe nation. Although th080 f"ct" Rhould I", "'ear 1oall. loft ,,'ing aurl Commllnist milliliters havo rl'>!igncdfrom the Ureek Government, at this dalli:0rou.. criMisrather than implement Ihe meat!ur(lS 10 whie'" t.heyIlIltl already agreed for tl.e replw.·ement of tllO E:\~I

polico nnd b'llorrill8M by regular IUllionfll !U'f\'ic-cs, ]"addition, I.ho FoAM leaders hovo "alled a general strikewhich is for t,he time being prevanting the food weI\nd the :\meriCl\Illi are providing from renching tho1Il0uthll of Ihe population we are Iryin~ to food. Ourown po8ition ill extrcmel~' clear. Whether Iho Grookpoopl£'l form them80lve.. int,o a monarchy or ropublici.. for their decillion; whether thoy form a l!0vcrnmontof right or left is for their decillion. These are ontirelymatters for Ihom to decide. But llIltii t)",)' oro in aposition to d(l()ido, W(l ..hall not hesitate to UllC thel'on"idorahle Uritillh BrTlly tlOW in Greece....

It i" onr belief that in this "our8C His ~1"iC8tv-s

Government hM tho Ilupport of the o,·erwh..lmingmajority of the Greek people. They 8rt' iu a t.;laringneed of rtlceiving relief for t,heir immediale r~uire­

ments and of oh..oining condition" which Ifi".. ,f16m ..,·hatlce of eornin~ t,heir livelihoorl. III hoth thoS&w ..~·" wo wish to help them and we are working con­I imlftlly with experts, financially "nd 01 hcrwise. 1<>8811i8t I,hem in every po88ible wa~·. But we .·allnot doIhis if tho tommyguns which were provide.J for lIBe..gain>;t t Ito Ot'rmans are now being lIRed in ,.III ..Homptto impose by violenc.:e n Communi8t dictlltoN!hipwithout tile peoplo being able to expre"ll their wishos_

(Rellfer, 6.1 :!.U·l