Evidence of Evolution. Main Types of Evidence of Evolution Main Types of Evidence of Evolution 1....
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Transcript of Evidence of Evolution. Main Types of Evidence of Evolution Main Types of Evidence of Evolution 1....
![Page 1: Evidence of Evolution. Main Types of Evidence of Evolution Main Types of Evidence of Evolution 1. Fossils 2. Comparing Anatomical Structures 3.Similar.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062619/5516399e55034694308b63ad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evidence of Evolution
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Main Types of Evidence of Evolution
1. Fossils
2. Comparing Anatomical Structures
3. Similar embryo development
4. Geographical distribution
5. Biochemical Evidence
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Fossil Record• Fossils are evolutionary evidence. Fossils can be
preserved bones, footprints, or organisms
• Fossils show that ancient species share similarities with species that now live on Earth.
• Fossils records provide evidence that living things have changed over time.
Glyptodont Armadillo
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Record in the Rocks
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Carbon Dating• A technique used to measure the age of fossils
and other artifacts that can then be linked to how a particular set of organisms changed over time
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geology/carbon-14.htm
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Comparing Anatomy• Homologous structures
• Analogous structures
• Vestigial structures
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Homologous structures
• Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor
• These structures can be SIMILIAR in arrangement and/or function
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Analogous Structures • Structures that do not have a common
evolutionary origin but are NOT similar in structure, but similar in FUNCTION.
• Shows that functionally similar features can evolve independently of each other
• Ex: wing of an insect and wing of bird
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Analogous Structures
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What the difference between
analogous and homologous
structures? Analogous
StructureHomologous Structure
Common Ancestor/Origin
NO YES
Similar Arrangement or Form
NO YES
Similar Function YES- DIRECTLY RELATED FUNCTIONEX: flying, swimming
YES- SOMEWHAT RELATED FUNCTIONEx: movement
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Vestigial Structures • A body structure that has no function in a
present-day organism but was probably useful to an ancestor.
• This shows a change over time
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EvolutionChapter 15
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Comparing Embryos • Embryo: the earliest
stage of growth and development of both plants and animals
• Vertebrate embryos exhibit homologous structures during certain phases of development but become totally different structures in the adult forms.
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Comparing Embryos• Similar embryo development may suggest a
common ancestor
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Biochemical Evidence • Common ancestry
can be seen in the complex metabolic molecules that many different organisms share.
• Comparison of the DNA or RNA of different species produce biochemical evidence for evolution
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Biochemical Evidence • Comparisons of the similarities in amino acids
and other molecules across species reflect evolutionary patterns seen in comparative anatomy and in the fossil record.
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Geological Distribution
• Similar animals are found in different locations around the world.
• Animals ended up evolving similar features for their environment because of their location on earth
• They look the same but live in different areas
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Knowledge Check
True or False
Organisms with similar anatomy share
similar DNA sequences.
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A. analogous structures
B. embryological structures
C. homologous structures
D. vestigial structures
Which features are similar in use and evolve in similar environments, but do not evolve from a common ancestor?
Knowledge Check
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Knowledge Check Which of the following best explains how the fossil record provides evidence that evolution has occurred?
A It indicates the exact cause of structural and behavioral adaptations of organisms.
B It shows that the form and structure of groups of organisms have changed over time.
C It shows how the embryos of many different vertebrate species are very similar.
D It indicates that forms of life existed on Earth at least 3.5 billion years ago.
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Knowledge CheckThe occurrence of the same blood protein in a group of species provides evidence that these species
a. evolved in the same habitat.
b. evolved in different habitats.
c. descended from a common ancestor.
d. descended from different ancestors.