Evidence about route preferences &...

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Kay Teschke School of Population & Public Health The University of British Columbia What route types best motivate cycling? Evidence about route preferences & safety Photo: Ken Ohrn

Transcript of Evidence about route preferences &...

Page 1: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Kay Teschke School of Population & Public Health The University of British Columbia

What route types best motivate cycling? Evidence about route preferences & safety

Photo: Ken Ohrn

Page 2: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

% of work trips by bike

Sources: NHS, 2011; Pucher & Buehler, City Cycling, 2012

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1

9

9

10

18

26

Canada

USA

Finland

Sweden

Germany

Denmark

Netherlands

Canadians don’t cycle … why?

Page 3: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

North American guru John Forester

�vehicular cycling�

European guru Jan Gehl

�people places�

Image credit: Advocate Magazine

Page 4: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Two studies …

“Cycling in Cities”

Opinion Survey

N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

16 route types, 73 potential

motivators or deterrents

“Bicyclists’ Injuries & the Cycling Environment”

Case-Crossover Study

N=690 in Vancouver & Toronto

15 route types, other route

features

Page 5: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

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regular cyclists

occasional cyclists

potential cyclists

mean male mean female

Separated from traffic

Quiet streets

Busy city streets & rural roads

men women +

Motivation … route type matters

Page 6: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

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regular cyclists occasional cyclists potential cyclists

Separated from traffic

Quiet streets

Busy city streets & rural roads

+

Motivation … route type matters

Page 7: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Source: Winters et al, 2011 7

Top motivators Route ease & enjoyment •  separate from traffic for

the whole route •  beautiful scenery •  gentle slopes •  faster than other modes

Page 8: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Top deterrents

Route safety

•  car, bus & truck traffic •  vehicles driving faster than 50 km/h •  motorists who don’t know how to drive safely near bikes •  risk of injury from car-bike collisions

Page 9: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

“Cycling in Cities”

Opinion Survey

N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

16 route types, 73 potential

motivators or deterrents

“Bicyclists’ Injuries & the Cycling Environment”

Case-Crossover Study

N=690 in Vancouver & Toronto

15 route types, other route

features

Two studies …

Page 10: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Injury risk … route type matters

1 2 Relative risk 1/10

Major streets with parked cars no bike infrastructure shared lane bike lane

Major streets, no parked cars

no bike infrastructure shared lane bike lane

Local streets

no bike infrastructure bike route bike route with traffic diverters bike route with traffic slowing

Separated from traffic

sidewalk multiuse path, paved multiuse path, unpaved bike only path cycle track

1/2

Page 11: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

“Cycling in Cities”

Opinion Survey

N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

16 route types, 73 potential

motivators or deterrents

“Bicyclists’ Injuries & the Cycling Environment”

Case-Crossover Study

N=690 in Vancouver & Toronto

15 route types, other route

features

Do they agree?

Two studies …

Page 12: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Busy streets . . . arterials, collectors

400 to 2200 vehicles / hour 0 to 170 bikes / hour

Page 13: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Busy street, parked cars, no bike infrastructure Least safe, greatest deterrent to cycling

Photo Flickr: Café Mama

Page 14: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Photo Flickr: Café Mama

Rural road, no bike infrastructure Less safe, deters cycling

Photos: Jack Becker, Third Wave Cycling

Page 15: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

[Sources: Teschke et al, 2012; Harris et al, 2013] Major street, sharrows Major street, parked cars,

painted bike lane

Busy street, sharrows Less safe, deters cycling

Photo Flickr: W.D. Vanlue

Page 16: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Major street, sharrows

Busy street, parked cars, bike lane Less safe, deters cycling

Page 17: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

[Sources: Teschke et al, 2012; Harris et al, 2013]

Busy street, no parked cars, bike lane Safer, neutral impact on cycling

Page 18: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

[Sources: Teschke et al, 2012; Harris et al, 2013]

Busy street, separated bike lane Safest, motivates cycling

Photo Flickr: Paul Krueger

Page 19: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Quiet streets . . . local, residential

10 to 130 vehicles / hour 0 to 110 bikes / hour

Page 20: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Quiet street Safer, neutral impact on cycling

Page 21: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Quiet street, bike route Safer, motivates cycling

Page 22: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

[Sources: Teschke et al, 2012; Harris et al, 2013]

Quiet street, bike route, with traffic diversion Safest, motivates cycling

Page 23: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

[Sources: Teschke et al, 2012; Harris et al, 2013]

Quiet street, bike route, with traffic circle Less safe, motivates cycling

Page 24: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Off-street . . . sidewalks, bike/multiuse paths

vehicles not counted 0 to 170 bikes / hour

Page 25: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Sidewalk Less safe

Photo: San Fransisco Citizen

Page 26: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Multi-use path Less safe, motivates cycling

Page 27: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Bike path Moderate safety, strongest cycling motivator

Page 28: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

route safety

rout

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efer

ence

Major street with parked cars

Major street shared lane, parked cars

Major street bike lane, parked cars

Major street shared lane, no parked cars

Major street no parked cars

Busy streets

Multiuse path paved

Multiuse path unpaved

Multi-use paths

Major street bike lane, no parked cars Residential street

Bike only path

Residential street bike route & traffic diverters Residential street

bike route

Cycle track

Bike-specific facilities

Do preferences & safety agree?

Page 29: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

Quiet streets

bike routes with traffic diversion

Phot

os F

lickr

: Pau

l Kru

eger

Off-street

bike only paths

Busy streets

separated bike lanes “cycle tracks”

Page 30: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

“Both Oulu and Copenhagen have extensive networks of cycle tracks and dedicated bike paths, which made the ride easy.

But something else was also different. It took a while for me to figure out what, but I eventually realized that I had relaxed. Unlike riding in Calgary, I wasn’t on constant lookout for cars

getting too close for comfort.

I could feel the difference in my gut.”

Tom Babin, Calgary Herald, February 26, 2013

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Page 31: Evidence about route preferences & safetycyclingincities-spph.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2014/09/VeloWorks-2014.pdf · “Cycling in Cities” Opinion Survey N=1400 in Metro Vancouver

cyclingincities.spph.ubc.ca cyclingincities.spph.ubc.ca @kteschke

Photo: Ken Ohrn