European Union´s Strategy for Youth: Investing and Empowering 1 Katharina Naumann-Etienne and Frank...
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Transcript of European Union´s Strategy for Youth: Investing and Empowering 1 Katharina Naumann-Etienne and Frank...
1
European Union´s Strategy for Youth: Investing and Empowering
Katharina Naumann-Etienne and Frank Stössel
Embassy of the Federal Republic of Germany Skopje
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Content
1. Youth Policy in Europe2. Deliberative Learning: The Open
Method of Coordination3. Group Work– Youth Priorities in South-
Eastern-Europe4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals
in the European Union5. Volunteering – Political
Implementation in Germany
3
1. Youth Policy in Europe
Until 1999 only the Treaty of Amsterdam treated youth issues on europen level (Article 149/2) :2. Community action shall be aimed at: - encouraging mobility of students and teachers - promoting cooperation between educational establishments; - encouraging the development of youth exchanges and of
exchanges of socio-educational instructors
1986: ERASMUS programme
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1. Youth Policy in Europe
In 2001: White Paper „A New Impetus for European Youth“ was published by European Comission (EC):
Provides new frame for common Youth Policy in Europe
Important: According the subsidiarity principle Youth policy remains the responsibility of the Member States, not of the EU
White Paper = basis for cooperation between Member States concerning Youth Policy
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1. Youth Policy in Europe
Challenges: Finding consensus on common
regularities and guidelines because of different policy fields in different Member States
Definition of policy field and the target group
6
1. Youth Policy in Europe
different …
definitions targets institutional draftings constitutional establishments political pracitces age limits action fields
… concerning youth policy
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Is it anyhow possible to shape policy jointly?
2. Deliberative Learning: The Open Method of Coordination
Through learning processes and best practice
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Open Method of Coordination (OMC)
introduced by the European Council of Lisbon in March 2000
designed to help Member States progress jointly in the reforms undertaken in an relatively informal way
“soft law” = quasi legal, basing on guidelines and indicators
without any legally binding force No official sanctions= peer pressure and shaming mechanisms are
effective, because Member States have to report periodically about their progress or regress
= voluntary participation
2. Deliberative Learning: The Open Method of Coordination
9
Main concerns of the European Youth (2002):
Education Employment Social inclusion Health
Result of survey: 4 main goals
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Policy Goals
Transposition into national and regional policy by Member States
Agreement upon benchmarks and indicators
Stages and actors of OMC
European Commission
Member States(target groups)
Source: Brocke , Hartmut: http://www. stiftung-spi.de/downloads/stiftung/zivilgesellschaft/offene_methode.pdf
2. Deliberative Learning: The Open Method of Coordination
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Common objectives and indicators
National Strategies and Report
Joint Report incl. best practices
National Reforms: Adoption of best practices by Member
States
Itera
tion
Source: Ania/Wagener 2009: 3
2. Deliberative Learning: The Open Method of Coordination
12
What are the European Union´s main goals
concerning youth policy?
GROUP WORK
2. Deliberative Learning: The Open Method of Coordination
13
Young people aged 15-29 constitute 19.4 % of the total population within the EU
Under the now given circumstances this share is expected to decline to 15,3 % of the total population until 2050
Facts about EU´s Youth
Source: EU-Youth Report 2009, p.12 http://ec.europa.eu/youth/news/doc/new_strategy/youth_report_final.pdf
14
Education: number of students increased by 25 % between 1998 and
2006. 23 % more young women than young men are in higher
education Less than one third of young people aged 25-34 with
disadvantaged socio-economic background complete higher education.
Employment: More than one third of young people aged 15-24 are not in
Education, Employment or Training (NEET)
Social Inclusion: 20 % of young people aged 18-24 live at risk of poverty
Facts about EU´s Youth
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Lifestyle: 37 % of all babies are born outside marriage 24.5 % of young people (15-29) live in the
same household as their partner
Health: 17 % of young people aged 15-24 are
overweight 9 % of young people aged 15-24 are
underweight 24 % of young people aged 15-29 smoke daily
Facts about EU´s Youth
Source: http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/09/202&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en
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Country Year Total Men Women
Bosnia 2009 14 13 14
Bulgaria 2009 14 13 14
Croatia 2009 14 13 14
Greece 2007 16 16 17
Romania 2009 15 14 15
Serbia 2009 14 13 14
Slovenia 2009 17 16 18
Macedonia 2009 13 13 13
Albania 2006 13
Germany 2009 18
EU27 2009 17
Hungary 2009 15 15 16
Iceland 2009 18 17 20
Ireland 2009 18 18 18
Italy 2008 16 16 17
Finland 2009 17 16 17
Tab. 1: School life expectancy (in years). Primary to tertiary education
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Nation 1999 2009
Greece 1,9 -
Netherlands - 2
Romania 1,7 2
Lithuania 1,6 1,8
Norway 1,5 1,7
Macedonia 1,2 1,7
France 1,5 1,5
Croatia - 1,5
EU27 1,3 1,4
Spain 1,4 1,4
Slovenia 1 1,4
Bulgaria 1,1 1,2
Czech Republic 1 1,2
Germany 1,2 1,2
Slovakia 1,3 1,2
Hungary 0,7 1
UK - 1
Tab. 2 : Average number of foreign languages learned per pupil at ISCED level 2
19Mac
edon
ia
Spai
n
Lithu
ania
Latv
ia
Greec
e
Esto
nia
Croat
ia
Irela
nd
Slov
akia
Portu
gal
Bulga
ria
Hunga
ry
Turk
ey
Pola
ndEU
27
Fran
ceIta
ly
Slov
enia
Finla
nd
Denm
ark
Swed
en UK
Icela
nd
Roman
ia
Cypru
s
Czech
Rep
ublic
Belgi
um
Germ
any
Malta
Luxe
mbo
urg
Nethe
rland
s
Austri
a
Switz
erla
nd
Norway
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
15-3915-64
Graph 3: Unemployment Rate 2011 by age groups
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Nation 15 – 24 years old 25 – 34 years old
levels 3-4 levels 5-6 levels 3-4 levels 5-6
Bulgaria 11,1 : 25,4 9,7
Czech Republic 4,7 : 8,7 :
Estonia 6,5 : 8,6 6,6
Greece 11,4 9,3 26,5 15,5
Cyprus14,7 11,2 21,8 12,2
Latvia6,0 1,3 15,7 3,0
Hungary 5,6 6,0 14,3 3,8
Malta 5,1 2,1 11,3 4,5
Romania 5,4 6,1 15,3 9,6
Slovenia 5,7 : 11,3 :
Slovakia 4,8 : 9,2 2,6
Tab.3: Smokers by number of cigarettes by sex, age and educational level (%) Daily cigarette smoker, 20 or more per day
23
Iceland
Sweden
Norway
Slovenia
Bulgaria
Belgium
Latvia
Kosovo
Finland
Netherlands
Austria
Hungary
EU27
Germany
Spain
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Romania
Serbia
Italy
Switzerland
Montenegro
Macedonia
Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Greece
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00
20071960
%
Tab.4: Proportion of live births outside marriage 1960 and 2007
25
1. Access and participation2. Opportunities in education and
employment3. Solidarity between youth and society
3. Youth Priorities in Europe
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4. Actual Youth Priorities in the European Union
Quelle: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/news/doc/new_strategy/eu_youth_strategy.pdf, S.7
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4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals in the European Union
Education Enhancing equal access for young
people to high quality education Training at all levels Life long learning Non-formal learning Improving transition
between education and labour market
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/education-training_en.htm
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Employment Providing possibilities to work and follow
training Promote learning mobility for young people Improving child care & sharing of responsibility
between partners Promoting of quality trainee-
ships better chances on labour market
Adress gender stereotypes
Sources: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/employment-entrepreneurship_en.htm http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0200:FIN:EN:PDF
4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals in the European Union
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Creativity and Entrepreneurship Enable empowering of young people´s
creativity Promote training in
intercultural competnces Encourage partnerships
between culture and youth organisations
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/creativity-culture_en.htm
4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals in the European Union
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Participation
Support politically & financially youth organi-sations
Expand use of communi-cation and informationtechnologies to deepen participation
Promote participation in civil society
organisations
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/participation_en.htm
4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals in the European Union
31
Health & Sport
Key issues conducted by the EC:
Youth specific aspects of alcohol
Sexual health drugs Mental Health in Youth
and Education
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/health-well-being_en.htm
4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals in the European Union
32
Volunteering Europe needs active & involved
people for shaping the future recognice learning
outcomes by providing Europass and Youthpass
Fostering awareness about cross-border volunteering
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/voluntary-activities_en.htm
4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals in the European Union
33
Youth and the World Raising awareness about global issues
(sustainable development, human rights)
Provide possibilities to exchange views with policy makers
Participating in “green” volunteering (recycling, energy etc.)
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/youth-the-world_en.htm
4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals in the European Union
34
Social Inclusion Youth work and Youth Centres = means of
inclusion Specific support for young families
Combat prejustice Informing young people
about their rights Support development
of intercultural aware-ness
Reducing social exclu- sion of young people
Source: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/social-inclusion_en.htm
4. Actual Youth Priorities and Proposals in the European Union
35
Common objectives and indicators
National Strategies and Report
Joint Report incl. best practices
National Reforms: Adoption of best practices by Member States
Itera
tion
Youth Report
Creating Opportunitie
s
Improving Access
Fostering Solidarity
Education
Employment
Creativity & Entrepreneurs
hip
Health & Sport
Participation
Volunteering
Youth and the World
Social Inclusion
Field
of
Actio
n
Aim
s
Op
en
Meth
od
of
Coord
inatio
n
36
1. How to transform political commitment into action?
2. A Number of commitees were set up but is there real implementation?
3. Information is not reaching youth4. Measurable indicators are missing, no
benchmarking system <> seen as interference with competences by member states
5. What about non-organised youth? How to include those with fewer opportunities (see events in Fance and GB)
5. Weak points
38
Ania, Ana B.; Wagener, Andreas: The Open Method of Coordination as an evolutionary learning process. 2009 http://epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11109/1/ania_wagener_WPM200918.pdf
Brocke, Hartmut: Was ist eigentlich die „offene Methode der Koordinierung?“ http://www. stiftung-spi.de/downloads/stiftung/zivilgesellschaft/offene_methode.pdf
Wicke, Hans-Georg: Mehr Jugendpolitik in Europa! Der Weißbuch Prozess und seine langfristigen Wirkungen. In: Otten, Hendrik; Lauritzen, Peter (Hrsg.): Jugendarbeit und Jugendpolitik in Europa. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004
http://ec.europa.eu/invest-in-research/coordination/coordination01_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/news/doc/new_strategy/eu_youth_strategy.pdf
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/education-training_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/employment-entrepreneurship_en.htm
References
39
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/creativity-culture_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/participation_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/health-well-being_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/voluntary-activities_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/youth-the-world_en.htm
http://ec.europa.eu/youth/youth-policies/social-inclusion_en.htm
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/en/treaties/dat/11997D/htm/11997D.html
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2009:0200:FIN:EN:PDF
http://www.bmfsfj.de/BMFSFJ/aktuelles,did=161502.html
References