European Project Semester

European Project Semester

Alejandro HombravellaAlican Kiliçaslan

Carolin RüssJérémy Péralès

1

Team Caterpillar

EUROPEAN PROJECT SEMESTER 2

What is the project about?

Project goal is a well-documented IMO III medium-speed marine engine concept rating by application.

Plan to achieve the goal:

•Scrubber•Catalyst•Boiler•Exhaust Gas Silencer•Funnel•Example exhaust gas cleaning system

CATERPILLAR


To create a catalogue of optimum configurations of exhaust gas cleaning systems for different types of HFO diesel engines to fulfill the IMO 3 criterias

Other main focusses:

• cost of equipment• cost of equipment in action • cost of service• repairing situation and spare parts• place in ship

Goal


IMO 3


EXHAUST GAS CLEANİNG SYSTEM


EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEM

Wet exhaust gas cleaning system Dry exhaust gas cleaning systemAn effective and advanced exhaust system must achieve and ensure four main objectives:1 - To reduce noise level by between 40% and 90% through the insertion of silencers end/or silencer-separators;2 - To cool the exhaust, and eject the engine cooling water through the exhaust without excessive back pressure;3 - To site the outlets at the stern of the boat to minimise exhaust fumes on board;4 - To minimize, by the insertion of an adeguate capacity silencer, the risk of water running back up the exhaust and into the engine cylinders, causing serious engine damages.


TIME PLAN

achieve information about system

material, function, cost, dimensions

suppliers of components

examples for existing configurations

create own configurations


Scrubber

How does it work?

Sulphur Oxides SOx (SO2) dissolves within water vapour forming airborne acids.

What is it made of?

Formed from sulphur contained in oil during combustion and refining processes.


Scrubber

1. Water ph is elevated with alkalitysodium hydroxide ( NaOH )

2. Entering exhaust gas streamsulphur oxides are capturedand neutralized by scrubbingwater chemically forming sulphates

3. Cleaned exhaust gas exits

4. Water and sulphides return toprocess collection tank


Scrubber (OPEN LOOP)


Scrubber (CLOSED LOOP)


Scrubber


Summary of integrated scrubber

Avoid increased exhaust gas back pressure caused by

cleaning devices. Reduce the amount of equipment needed for SOx-cleaning of

exhaust gases from all relevant combustion units onboard. Provide a higher cleaning performance in port conditions where

the total flow of exhaust gases is smaller than in normal seagoing

conditions, utilising such higher performance as inherent

in some exhaust gas cleaning devices when operated at

reduced exhaust gas flow. Thus all combustion units can use

the same fuel in all areas and all conditions.

Scrubber


Scrubber•Scrubbing is the cheapest way to comply

•Fresh water scrubber is the only technology to:Make zero effluent discharge possibleBe always in control of reduction efficiencyHave the smallest energy consumptionHave no creation of CO2 caused by neutralization process

•Wärtsilä fresh water scrubber solutions are fit for new

building and retrofit, for any engines and boilers’ brands.


Scrubber


CATALYTIC CONVERTER

A catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the toxicity of emissions from an internal combustion engine.

A catalytic converter provides an environment for a chemical reaction wherein toxic combustion by-products are converted to less-toxic substances.

(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst for EMD Engines)


CATALYTIC CONVERTER


CATALYTIC CONVERTER

A diesel oxidation converter has two simultaneous tasks:

•Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide:

•2CO + O2 → 2CO2

•Oxidation of unburnt hydrocarbons (unburnt and partially-burnt fuel) to carbon dioxide and water:• 2CxHy + (2x+y/2)O2 → 2xCO2 + yH2O

.


CATALYTIC CONVERTER


CATALYTIC CONVERTER

Heatable catalyzer, section of the warmed

heating unit

Tiny reaction rooms


SUPPLIERS

WÄRTSİLÄ

DCL

NETT


What is the purpose ?

To obtain boiled water by heating water or other fluid in a closed vessel.

What is it made of ?

Made of steel or raw iron, assembly by rivetting

BOILER


Which fuel ?

Combustion : wood, coal, oil or natural gas

Electric steam boilers : resistance or immersion-type heating elements

BOILER


Fire-tube boiler

• Tubes of hot gases running through a sealed container of water

• High-pressure

• Horizontal or vertical

BOILER


Water-tube boiler

• Tubes of water heated externally by the fire

•High-pressure

•Vertical

BOILER


Fire-tube boiler

Used on all steam

(mostly in locomotives)

Water-tube boiler

Used on ships (marine)

BOILER


For diesel engines, one or two smaller boilers are used on the ship.

BOILER


BOILER

Suppliers

•Aalborg Industries•Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, LTD

•Kangrim•Garioni Naval

•Chromalox


EXHAUST GAS SILENCER


EXHAUST GAS SILENCER1. Absorption Principle

Sound waves are directed to a blown material such as steel wool, mineral wool or fibre glass.dissipate with friction into heat. -> acustic noise resorbed

Exhaust gas goes through a perforated pipe in the blown material. Good for high frequencies (500-8000Hz)

force depends on geometrie of perforation, sound absorption coefficient and apparent density of material very low loss of exhaust gas pressure noise reduction loss maximum 50dB

which is a loss of sound pressure about 300 times


Featureslow skin temperature (LST) design

extra layer of packed acustic/thermal insulation that reduces heat and noise

maximum aceptable exhaust gas speed between 20-40m/sec Easy installation in any position

Advanced acustical designThick wall construction for high transmission loss

Reduces noxious fumes and odorsLong life service

Weight from 125-1755kg


2. Reflexion principle

Empty case with normally 4 chambers.

Different sized rooms combined with shifted

arranged pipes to reflect and deflect the acustic

noise. Also averaging of sound pressure

amplitude and duplicating of acustic noises Pipes with

different perforations and sizes. -> improving interference

Hull gets very hot, because it gets in direct contact with exhaust gas Increasing of gas pressure

Good for low frequences

35EUROPEAN PROJECT SEMESTER 35


Example: Absorption exhaust gas silencer AGSD 25

Frequenz 500Hz

Reduction of noise 34dB

36EUROPEAN PROJECT SEMESTER 36


Acustic velocity = frequence * wave lenghtAcustic velocity in the air = 343m/s

Lenght of silencer wave lenght/2

Example: 100Hz

L = 1,5215m

37

SIZE OF SILENCER



SUPPLIERS

HUSSLBF

LindenbergLS Luhe-Stahl

Silencer MarineVetusPuck

TaylorUniversal

KaeferMaximAGSD


FUNNEL


Functionsremoval of smoke and exhaust gas identification of the ship- owner company direct the smoke up in the air to disturb nocody bypass the friction resistance don`t foul the decks and ship structures

Appendagevery high funnels little fins to turbulate the exhaust gas and guide it to the horizontal direction

How does it workGas inside is warm and therefore have a lower weight than the cold air outside. So they have to climb up the funnel pipe. They build a room with less air pressure, in which the cold air is going. Gauge pressure is about 0,0009-0,0015 bar, depends on the resistance.

FUNNEL


Funnel area

The required funnel cross-sectional area is determined by the volume of exhaust gases produced by the propulsion plant. Often this area is too great for a single funnel. Early steam vessels needed multiple funnels had 5 when launched, but as efficiency increased new machinery needed fewer funnels.

Suppliers

Ditco

FUNNEL


DRY EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEM

European Project Semester

Documents

Transcript of European Project Semester