Europe in the Early Middle Ages

What geographic features can makeWhat geographic features can makeit difficult for a civilization to grow or it difficult for a civilization to grow or

spread?spread?

Civilization

21.1 Notes:

Europe in the Early Middle

Ages

21.1 Notes:

Europe in the Early Middle

Ages

Europe in the Early Middle AgesKey IdeasKey IdeasKey IdeasKey Ideas•Europe’s varied geography of plains, mountains, and rivers has attracted many different peoples.

•After the fall of Rome, Germanic tribes such as the Franks formed kingdoms.

•The Frankish emperor Charlemagne united a large part of Western Europe.

Europe in the Early Middle Ages

• The Scandinavian Peninsula divides the Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic Sea.

• The North European Plain is the fertile heart of the continent.

• Europe’s rivers flow from the central mountains and highlands, bringing water to farmland.

Geography of EuropeGeography of EuropeGeography of EuropeGeography of Europe

Europe in the Early Middle AgesHow does Europe’s How does Europe’s topographytopography

affect its climate?affect its climate?

How does Europe’s How does Europe’s topographytopography

affect its climate?affect its climate?

Europe’s TopographyEurope’s Topography Europe’s ClimateEurope’s Climate

Europe in the Early Middle AgesNew Kingdoms in New Kingdoms in EuropeEurope

New Kingdoms in New Kingdoms in EuropeEurope

•Europe’s favorable geography attracted different peoples to migrate into Western Europe.

•The Lombards settled in Europe’s river valleys.

•The Angles, Saxons, and Jutes moved across the North Sea to the British Isles.

Rise of the FranksRise of the Franks

• By 530, Franks controlled many Germanic kingdoms

• Weak central governments

• Charles Martel (the hammer) united the Franks

• Battle of Tours• Defeated Muslim army from

Spain

• Ended last invasion of Western Europe

Europe in the Early Middle AgesThe Age of The Age of CharlemagneCharlemagne

The Age of The Age of CharlemagneCharlemagneCharlemagne

•Charles Martel's grandson (also named Charles)

•Became king of the Franks in 768

•became known as Charlemagne, or Charles the Great

Europe in the Early Middle AgesHow was CharlemagneHow was Charlemagnelike other Germanic kings?like other Germanic kings?

How was he different?How was he different?

How was CharlemagneHow was Charlemagnelike other Germanic kings?like other Germanic kings?

How was he different?How was he different?

CharlemagneCharlemagne Other KingsOther KingsBothBoth

•Charlemagne was a powerful ruler who expanded his empire with a fierce army.

•Charlemagne’s empire was vast and contained different tribal groups.

•Charlemagne valued education and encouraged the creation of schools.

Europe in the Early Middle AgesCharlemagne’s Charlemagne’s EuropeEurope

Charlemagne’s Charlemagne’s EuropeEurope

Europe in the Early Middle AgesCharlemagne and the Charlemagne and the ChurchChurch

Charlemagne and the Charlemagne and the ChurchChurch

•Charlemagne was a devout Charlemagne was a devout ChristianChristian

•Many of his advisors were Many of his advisors were ClergyClergy- group of people - group of people trained for religious servicestrained for religious services

•He wanted to create a He wanted to create a unified Christian Europeunified Christian Europe

•Helped protect Pope Leo III Helped protect Pope Leo III from his enemies from his enemies

• Showed his thanks by Showed his thanks by crowning Charlemagne crowning Charlemagne Emperor in 800 A.D.E.Emperor in 800 A.D.E.

What effect did the crowning of Charlemagne have on the Catholic Church?

Europe in the Early Middle AgesCharlemagne and the ChurchCharlemagne and the Church

What effect did the crowning of Charlemagne have on the Catholic Church?

Crowning of CharlemagneCrowning of Charlemagne

Created …Created …

In the tradition begun by In the tradition begun by Constantine…Constantine…

The Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church

Established the idea…Established the idea…

The church’s power….The church’s power….