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Transcript of Establishing Peace Unit 2.1. Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace What is required from your syllabus: Were...
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Establishing Peace
Unit 2.1
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Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace
What is required from your syllabus: Were the hopes of the world in preventing another
world war fulfilled in the 1920s? Peace Making:
Treaty of Versailles: its intent and German reaction
League of Nations: reasons for its formation; successes and failures in the 1920s
Disarmament: role of the USA Re-construction and Recovery: aid to
Germany
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Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace
You must be able to: Analyse the intent of the Treaty of Versailles
and German reaction to the treaty Examine the reasons for the formation of the
League of Nations and its role in promoting world peace in the 1920s
Explain the efforts of disarmament in the 1920s
Analyse the effectiveness of aid given to Germany
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Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace
Concepts you must learn: Collective Security Cause and Consequence Disarmament
Look up these terms on the Internet. After you have found the definition for the terms,
summarise the definition into an easily understandable and memorable sentence.
You have 10 minutes. Work in pairs. Post them into Wordpress.
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Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace
Values: Self-reliance Resourcefulness Determination Strategic and Economic Survival Patriotism Loyalty
Do the same for this slide. You have 10 minutes.
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Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace
Essay Assignment (2192/3 Specimen Paper) which is due in 2 parts: Part 1 (Due on Term 1 (Week 10) Lesson
How far was the desire to punish Germany the main motive of the Allies in deciding the Terms of the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer. (12m)
Part 2 (Due on Term 2 (Week 1) Lesson “Germany’s reactions to the Treaty of Versailles
were unreasonable.” How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. (13m)
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Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace
Germany agreed to a CEASEFIRE and ARMISTICE (Agreement to STOP WAR to conduct PEACE TALKS) on 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day)
Allied Powers (Winners) called for Peace Talks in 1919 in Paris (hence, Paris Peace Conference) held at Versailles Palace (hence, Versailles Treaty)
The fate of Germany and Austria-Hungary was to be decided
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Hall of Mirrors, 1919
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Hall of Mirrors,Present Day
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Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace
In pairs, find out the significance behind holding the Paris Peace Conference at the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles Palace…
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Question:
Study the map carefully. What can you infer about the results of the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer. (5m)
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Question:
Compare this map and the previous one carefully. What can you infer about the results of the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer. (5m)
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Soldiers lying deadin trenches…
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A casualty of war…
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Destruction in the Belgian town of Ypres
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Grenade blast and devastationIn Verdun, France, WW1
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Devastation of FrenchLand, following WWI
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Results of World War One
Bloody War 8 Million Dead 21 Million Injured Britain had the largest
number of casualties Germany had the second
highest number of casualties
Many soldiers were also physically maimed
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Results of World War One
Costly War France lost
250,000 buildings and its countryside was almost entirely devastated by warfare
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Results of World War One
Costly War France lost
250,000 buildings and its countryside was almost entirely devastated by warfare
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Results of World War One
Economic Problems Countries were in debt Food shortages Increasing Prices
Inflation Factories are not producing goods
Shortage of Goods Increasing Prices Inflation
Shortage of funds to pay for repairs to damaged infrastructure (e.g. factories unemployment)
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Results of World War One
Political Change German and
Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed
Russia became a Communist-ruled country
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Results of World War One
The USA: Due to it’s late entry into WW1, the USA
suffered the least damage and the least loss of life
It’s factories were not totally used for war production so it could go back to producing non-war consumer goods
It was financially stable – able to lend money to the broke Allied powers.
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Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace Before we begin on looking at the chapter proper, answer these
questions briefly in your history groups: Who was guilty of starting the War? Should Germany be forced to pay for all the damage done
by the Great War? Why? What should be done about Germany’s armed forces? What should be done about Germany’s colonies overseas? Should territory be taken away from Germany? Why? What are you going to do to keep peace in the world in the
future?
There is no RIGHT or WRONG answer in this portion, just answer these questions based on the slides you just examined on the RESULTS OF WORLD WAR ONE
You have 30 minutes. Please upload your answers together with your names.
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FEELINGS AFTER WWI
British people were angry with Germany - wanted to PUNISH Germany HARSHLY
FRANCE HATED Germany and wanted REVENGE
People of EASTERN EUROPE (THE BALKANS) - wanted to build new nations and RULE THEMSELVES
Russia - wanted to get back the land Germany took
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FEELINGS AFTER WW1
ONLY USA wanted PEACE in Europe
German soldiers - angry with their government - DID NOT believe Germany lost the war
Germans - felt humiliated by the defeat - BLAMED the new government for agreeing to the ceasefire
HUMILIATED = ashamed
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Analysing Sources
Source-based questions - Answer must USE the source as EVIDENCE
What YOU KNOW about the TOPIC - helps you focus on what is IMPORTANT in the
source - UNDERSTAND the source and INFER from the
source TO ANSWER THE QUESTION!!!
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GIVING HIM ROPE?
German criminal (to Allied Police): Here, I say, stop! You’re hurting me!
[Aside] If I only whine enough I may be able to wriggle out of this yet!
Source A: This cartoon appeared in a British magazine, Punch in 19 Feb 1919.
What can you infer about British attitude towards Germany from the source? (5m)
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Source B: British Empire Union cartoon, 1919. The British Empire Union was a pressure group which campaigned for people to buy British Empire goods
What can you infer about British attitude towards Germany from Source B? (5m)
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PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 1919WHO ATTENDED: BIG 3 met at Versailles in Paris
to discuss how to deal with defeated powers and draw up a treaty to end the war
Britain - PM Lloyd George France - PM George Clemenceau USA - President Woodrow Wilson
TREATY = CONTRACT or AGREEMENT
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Unit 2.1 Establishing Peace
The Big Three: Britain (Lloyd George) France (Georges Clemenceau) USA (Woodrow Wilson
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PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 1919NOT PRESENT: Russia - not TRUSTED -
became a Communist country after 1917 - withdrew from war half-way
Germany - defeated power - so not represented - not CONSULTED - no CHOICE but to ACCEPT TREATY
TREATY = CONTRACT or AGREEMENT
CONSULTED = ASKED
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AIMS OF BIG 3
USA: WOODROW WILSON: Idealist - wanted to make sure there
would be PEACE and a FAIR and JUST treaty through the principles of his 14 POINTS
Wanted to set up a LEAGUE OF NATIONS - an international organisation to ensure that members settle conflicts without going to war
IDEALIST = someone who believe in finding the perfect solution
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AIMS OF BIG 3
USA: WOODROW WILSON: Wanted SELF-DETERMINATION
for all countries Opposed -victorious countries
taking away territories from Germany
Wanted Germany punished BUT NOT HUMILIATED
SELF -DETERMINATION = countries have the right to RULE themselves or have a say in the government
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AIMS OF BIG 3BRITAIN: Lloyd George: Wanted - to make sure that German NAVY
would not be a THREAT to British NAVY Worried that HARSH treaty would make
Germany want to take REVENGE in future Also worried that if Germany become too
WEAK and POOR - would turn to Communism
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AIMS OF BIG 3
BUT - British people wanted Germany PUNISHED HARSHLY - Britain suffered badly during war - slogans like ‘Hang the Kaiser’, ‘Make Germany Pay’ were common in Britain.
He was shrewd politician - needed to keep PROMISE to British people who VOTED for him
SHREWD = CLEVER / CUNNING
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AIMS OF BIG 3FRANCE: GEORGE CLEMENCEAU: HATED Germany and wanted her
CRIPPLED(destroyed and weakened) so badly = never be a THREAT to France again
Because = Germany had invaded France twice, 1870 and 1914 so wanted to make sure this would not happen again
Wanted REVENGE - Much of war taken place in France, with terrible damages and 1.5 million soldiers died
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AIMS OF BIG 3FRANCE: GEORGE CLEMENCEAU: SO he wanted to PUNISH Germany
HARSHLY and to COMPENSATE for the damages! - Germany to PAY HUGE REPARATIONS
WEAKEN Germany - taking away territories
France to get back lost territories from Germany - Alsace and Lorraine
COMPENSATE = Pay for damages
REPARATIONS = MONEY to paid to compensate
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ITALY: ORLANDO: FORMER ally of GERMANY Switched sides during war Wanted to gain more
TERRITORIES He was an OPPORTUNIST
OPPORTUNIST = someone who wanted to take advantage of situation and gain something from it
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THEREFORE, the Versailles Treaty was a DIFFICULT treaty to NEGOTIATE because:
-the BIG 3 did not AGREE with each other
- and had different AIMS and PRIORITIES and often CLASHED over many issues
The Versailles treaty was THUS a result of COMPROMISE!
NEGOTIATE = DISCUSS
PRIORITIES = MOST IMPORTANT AIMS
CLASHED = Disagree
COMPROMISE = GIVING in to each other and bargaining