Japan: Essential Understandings J. Magidman ELD World History Roosevelt High School.
ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATES
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Transcript of ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATES
ESSENTIAL UNDERSTANDINGS APPLIED TO THE UNITED STATESUNIT 4DATE
Humanities 10 : the importance of cultural universals and the struggle for equality worldwide
Essential Questions (Write these on your title page!)
•What must we understand before we can address the importance of cultural universals and the search for equality throughout the world?
•How do the stories of a culture reflect their values and beliefs?
•How do classic heroes differ from modern heroes, and what is their purpose?
How does “Playing for Change” reflect all three of the following?
a. cultural universalb. cultural conflictc. cultural tradition
8 lines 5 minutes
TYPE 2 WRITING
TYPE ONE WRITING(write the questions first)
How do you think the earliest people learned? Who taught what to whom, and how did they teach it?
5 lines 5 minutes
Storytelling Notes/Vocab
STORY TELLING is culturally universal:
People began telling stories long before they started writing them down
•Oral tradition: passing down stories told aloud from generation to generation
•embellishment: how stories change over time through exaggeration
•Didactic: designed to teach
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genres (categories) of story telling
•anecdote: short instructional/entertaining story about some happening, usually personal
• legend: widely told story (location and culture specific) usually
with some basic in truth (jersey devil, lockness monster, sasquatch)
• folktale/folklore: exists only in oral tradition, story which not only
reflects values and traditions, but encourages heroic/correct
behavior (bloody mary)
• fable: short story with animal characters that teaches a lesson or
moral (tortoise and the hare)
proverbs: short sayings that express a common truth or
familiar experience (don’t cry over spilled milk)
P. 45Storytelling Notes/Vocab
genres (categories) of story telling (cont.)
• MYTHS:
• Originated in oral ancient tradition (many share similarities)
• Entertaining story with a serious purpose (explain or instruct)
• Myths focus on gods
• Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature
• NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.)
• EPICS:
• LONG NARRATIVE STORIES/POEMS ABOUT A HERO AND HIS ADVENTURES
Vocab related to HEROES AND EPICS
Characteristics of the CLASSIC HERO:
unusual birth
part god/favored by gods
extraordinary strength
kills monsters with special weapons
goes on an arduous journey - QUEST
visits the underworld
unusual death
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EPIC POEM:750 AND 650 B.C.Erhapsode (STORYTELLER): HOMER
OdysseusClassic hero of “the odyssey”
Important characteristics of Odysseus/The OdysseySYMBOLIZES the journey of
life and its challenges
Stresses the VALUES of:
Using one’s brain to get out of tough situations
GUILE (trickery): Odysseus escapes the cyclops
Pride (HUBRIS) as bad behavior / TRAGIC FLAW (Odysseus yells his name to the cyclops)
Rudeness as bad behavior (Circe turns men to pigs)
Making difficult decisions (Scylla and Charybdis)
Withstanding temptation (Sirens)
Vocab related to HEROES AND EPICSSUPERHERO: modeled after classic hero
TRAGIC FLAW: a flaw leading to the downfall of a hero or heroine (usually pride)
MODERN HEROES:
everyday heroes
don’t typically have a flaw in our minds
didn’t ask to be heroes
right place right time
Man Is Rescued by Stranger on Subway Tracks
PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES
Symbolize the human experience
Embody the spiritual values of a culture
Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature
• NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.)
Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of heroes, mistakes of fools)
Illustrate striking similarities as well as differences between cultures
Preserve elements of culture/history
Encourage pride in culture
Teach moral lesson/correct or incorrect behavior
PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES
Symbolize the human experience
Embody the spiritual values of a culture
Explain: origin, natural phenomenon, death, nature
• NATURAL PHENOMENON: happenings in nature (ex: earthquakes, floods, sunrise, characteristics of animals, etc.)
Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of heroes, mistakes of fools)
Illustrate striking similarities as well as differences between cultures
Preserve elements of culture/history
Encourage pride in culture
Teach moral lesson/correct or incorrect behavior
Vocab related to BELIEFSRELIGION: the belief in and worship of God or gods/goddesses
DIETY/DIVINITIES: GOD/GODS
MONOTHEISTIC: ONE GOD
POLYTHEISTIC: MULTIPLE GODS
RITUAL: A TRADITION THAT INVOLVES RELIGIOUS BELIEFS
PHILOSOPHY: belief system without gods
FATE: the force that guides the outcome of one’s life
SUPERSTITION: irrational beliefs that certain things will influence outcomes
OMEN: an event regarded as a sign of good or evil
________________ the human experience
Embody the spiritual ______________ of a culture
Explain: _____________, natural phenomenon, ______________
• NATURAL PHENOMENON: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Provide models of virtuous behavior (adventures of ___________, mistakes of _____________)
Illustrate striking _________________ as well as differences between cultures
Preserve elements of _____________/history
Encourage ___________ in culture
Teach ____________ lesson/correct or incorrect behavior
PURPOSES OF THESE STORIES
INEQUALITY
Types of INEQUALITY we will study:
RACIAL (color, ethnicity)
SOCIAL CLASS (based on wealth, power, education, occupation)
GENDER (men/women)
RELIGIOUS
INEQUALITY VOCAB
INEQUALITY: an unfair situation, in which some groups in society have more money, opportunities, power, etc. than other
DISCRIMINATION: the practice of treating one person or group differently from another in an unfair way:
RACISM: unfair treatment of people, or violence against them, because they belong to a different race
STEREOTYPE: to decide unfairly that a type of person has particular qualities or abilities because they belong to a particular race, sex, or social class
INEQUALITY VOCAB
PREJUDICE: an unreasonable dislike and distrust of people who are different from one in some way, especially because of their race, sex, religion etc.
BIAS: an opinion about whether a person, group, or idea is good or bad which influences how you deal with it
ETHNOCENTRISM: evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture
MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: a way of thinking that involves ideas from many different countries, races, or religions
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Martin Luther King Jr.
“I Have A Dream” Speech
August 28, 1963March on Washington,
Washington, DC Steps of the Lincoln Memorial
Martin Luther King Jr.
“I Have A Dream” Speech
August 28, 1963March on Washington,
Washington, DC Steps of the Lincoln Memorial
INEQUALITY VOCAB
INEQUALITY: an _______ situation, in which some groups in society have more __________, ______________, ____________ etc. than others
DISCRIMINATION: the practice of treating one person or group ___________ from another in an _____________ way:
RACISM: unfair _____________ of people, or ____________ against them, because they belong to a different race
STEREOTYPE: to decide unfairly that a type of person has particular qualities or ___________ because they belong to a particular ________, sex, or ______________
INEQUALITY VOCAB
PREJUDICE: an _____________ dislike and distrust of people who are different from one in some way, especially because of their _______, ______, _____________ etc.
BIAS: an ________ about whether a person, group, or idea is _________ or _________ which influences how you deal with it
ETHNOCENTRISM: the idea that ___________ race, ________, group etc. is better than any other
MULTICULTURAL PERSPECTIVE: a way of thinking that includes ideas from many different __________, __________, or ______________
In-Class Essay: Forrest Gump and American
Culture
In-Class Essay: Forrest Gump and American
CultureChoose ONE of the following THESIS STATEMENTS:Choose ONE of the following THESIS STATEMENTS:
1.THE FILM FORREST GUMP DEPICTS SEVERAL inequalities THAT EXIST IN AMERICAN CULTURE, FOR INSTANCE __________________, _________________ AND ___________________.
2.THE FILM FORREST GUMP PORTRAYS SEVERAL American beliefs and values, FOR INSTANCE __________________, __________________ AND ________________________.
3.3. THE CHARACTER OF FOREST GUMP EXEMPLIFIES CHARACTERISTICS OF BOTH THE classic hero and the modern hero IN THE SENSE THAT HE ____________________ AND ________________________.
WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS
FOLLOW HOOKS WITH
BACKGROUND THAT PROVIDES YOUR READER WITH NECESSARY INFORMATION AND TRANSITIONS INTO YOUR THESIS
•OFTEN INCLUDED IN THIS PART OF AN INTRODUCTION• Title, author, setting,
dates, context, purpose, important facts, etc.
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WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS
END INTRODUCTIONS WITH A
THESIS STATEMENT THAT INCLUDES THE TOPICS OF EACH BODY PARAGRAPH
TOPIC + OPINION = THESIS
“The film Forrest Gump depicts several inequalities that exist in American culture, for instance ___________, __________ and ___________.”
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WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS
BEGIN YOUR CONCLUSION
BY RESTATING YOUR THESIS IN DIFFERENT WORDS
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FINISH WITH A RECAP OF YOUR MAIN POINTS AND YOUR FINAL THOUGHTS
AVOID FIRST PERSON ( I ) AND SECOND PERSON ( YOU ) IN YOUR ESSAYS UNLESS APPROPRIATE OR NECESSARY.
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WRITING TIPS/REMINDERS