EPRI Activities in Electric Transportation

November 11, 2009

Don Von DollenAcher Mosse

2© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Major Automaker Production PlansCurrent Status

20142009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Market LaunchChevy Volt

Market LaunchLeaf EV

Market LaunchPHEV SUV

Transit Connect EVFocus EV

ProductionPHEV

ProductionEV for U.S.

Unconfirmed PlansFor EV, PHEV

Expected LaunchPHEV, EV

EVs on the road today

3© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Plug-In Vehicles Enter Market in Late 2010What is the Near-Term Achievable Market Penetration?

BEVPHEV

Market penetration grows as vehicle production numbers increase, new models are introduced, and economies of scale drive down prices

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Total

BEV 500 5,800 31,850 73,967 97,500 126,550 181,800 517,967

PHEV 150 250 25,000 167,100 196,700 238,000 316,000 943,200

Source: Southern California Edison

4© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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FOA-28 – Emphasis on PHEV and EV Demonstrations

Advanced Vehicle Electrification + Transportation Sector Electrification

Electric Transportation Eng. Corp. (ETEC)

$99.8

ETEC and its partner Nissan will demonstrate up to 5,000 Nissan electric vehicles with a 100 mile range and deploy up to 12,500 Level 2 and 250 Level 3 chargers.

Chrysler LLC $70.0 Develop, validate, and deploy 220 advanced plug-in hybrid electric pickups and minivans.

South Coast AQMD (EPRI, Eaton, Altec, Ford, SCE, Utilities)

$45.4

Develop a fully integrated, production plug-in hybrid system for Class 2 – 5 vehicles (8,501 – 19,500 lbs gross vehicle weight). Demonstrate a fleet of 378 trucks and shuttle buses.

General Motors $30.5

Develop, analyze, and demonstrate hundreds of Chevrolet Volt Extended Range Electric Vehicles (EREVs) --125 Volt PHEVs for electric utilities and 500 Volt PHEVs to consumers.

Ford Motor Company $30.0

Accelerate the launch and commercialization of PHEVs and EVs by partnering with 15 of America's leading utilities. Deploy up to 150 plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, including 130 Ford Escape PHEVs and 20 Ford E450 Van PHEVs.

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A Few Comments on FOA-28 Awards

• Emphasis on demonstration over development

• Mix of EV and PHEV technologies

• Mix of passenger and commercial vehicles

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PHEV Trouble Truck Program(Prior to Recovery Act Award)

Objective – Migrate PHEV to Medium Duty Vehicles

• $6 million program

• Eight prototype vehicles enteringutility test fleets

• Grid-connected

– 15 kWh Li Ion system

– Level 1/2 recharge (120/240)

– 5 kW export power

– Develop ZEV driving capability, electric accessories

• Other applications include shuttle vans, work truck, pickup

7© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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PHEV Medium Duty DemonstrationProgram Details

• Expand existing PHEV Trouble Truck Program to 378 vehicles– 50+ fleets– Ford F550 Trouble Truck,

pickups, shuttle vans• $45.4M award (SCAQMD), $90M

total program– $5M CEC cost share– $30M+ utility cost share

• Set up production facilities– Key suppliers are all U.S.

companies – Fleet build and delivery by Q2-

2011

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Brazilian Fuel Cell Bus Project

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CONSORTIUM

Ministry ofMines and Energy

Brazilian Fuel Cell Bus Project

10© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Brazilian Fuel Cell Bus Project

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Brazilian Fuel Cell Bus Project

12© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Every vehicle able to use every charge point

• Residential – majority of units– Seamless installations for homeowners

a primary concern of Auto OEMs

– Permits, electricians, inspections

– Rates and customer programs

• Workplace

• Public Charging – as needed– Retail, private, public space

– Open access

• Interoperable andIntelligent

ResidentialResidential

WorkplaceWorkplace

PublicPublic

The ‘Charging Pyramid’

13© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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EPRI PHEV Distribution System Impacts – Modeling/Simulation Analytical Framework

Regulator

900kvar

900kvar300kvar

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Capacitor

Substation

• Flexibility in Model Development High-fidelity distribution feeder models Spatial and temporal variation of circuit loads and PHEV Loads Dynamic simulation of full electrical model serving PHEV loads

through annual load cycle

Residential transformers are the first assets significantly impacted

14© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) on Smart Grid Standards

• In cooperation with the DoE, NEMA, IEEE, GWAC, and other stakeholders, NIST has “primary responsibility to coordinate development of a framework that includes protocols and model standards for information management to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and systems…”

Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 Title XIII, Section 1305

Smart Grid Interoperability Framework

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15© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

Standard Gap Assessment - Priority Action Plans

# Priority Action Plan1 Internet Protocol (IP) for the Smart Grid

2 Wireless Communications for the Smart Grid

3 Common Pricing Model4 Common Scheduling Mechanism

5 Standard Meter Data Profiles

6 Common Semantic Model for Meter Data Tables

7 Electric Storage Interconnection Guidelines

8 CIM for Distribution Grid Management9 Standard Demand Response Signals

10 Standard Energy Usage Information

11 Common Object Models for Electric Transportation

12 IEC 61850 Objects/DNP3 Mapping13 Time Synchronization, IEC 61850 Objects/IEEE C37.118 Harmonization

14 Transmission and Distribution Power Systems Model Mapping

Action Plan Covers Transmission, Distribution, and Consumer Domain

16© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

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X/HP

EVSE

HAN Gateway

802.15.4 (ZigBee),IEEE 1901 (HomePlug 1.0)

AMI Meter ANSI C12802.15.4 (ZigBee)IEEE 1901 (HomePlug 1.0)

Residential Customer

Subdivision

Access Point

Head End

Meter Data Management

System

900MHz (RF) Itron (Layer 1-2 802.15.4)SilverSpring IPV6 w/ DP

Wireless Mesh Network

BackhaulWiMax 802.16 D/EGPRS (LTE)

TCP/IP

PLC

SubstationPLC

Substation

Substation

Control Center

T&D Automation NetworkEMS/SCADA

IEC 61850IP

Fib

er

CIMIEC 61970IEC 61968

IEEE 1901SAE J2836 / J2847

Internet

Energy Services Company (ESCO)

Aggregatore.g., ComVerge

CoAx / FiberTCP/IP

FiberTCP/IP

FiberTCP/IP

PEVs in the Smart Grid Ecosystem

17© 2009 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.

In the End – Standards Efforts are Critical Infrastructure Working Council – Stakeholder Organization for Collaboration on Standards

IEC

NEC Others

IEEE

SAE

EPRIIWC

Society of Automotive Engineers- J1772 (Connector)- J2836 (Communications)

Infrastructure Working Council- Utility-funded stakeholder group- Identify and address needs for codes and standards- Not a standards body

Inst of Elec and Elect Engineers- 1547 (Interconnecting DR)

Intl Electrotechnical Comm- TC69 (Charge Infrastructure)- SC23 (Connectors)

National Electric Code- NEC625 (EV Charging Systems)

ANSI, UL, etc.