EOC Test Preparation: International Expansion and Conflict
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Transcript of EOC Test Preparation: International Expansion and Conflict
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EOC Test Preparation:International Expansion and Conflict
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Reasons for Expansion• Economics– Imperialism
• Set up colonies abroad– Capitalism
• More markets and resources abroad would make the US wealthy
• Defense– National defense
• Alfred T. Mahan and The Influence of Sea Power Upon History– The US military developed a navy
that was one of the most powerful in the world
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Reasons for Expansion
• Nationalism– National pride– Manifest Destiny– Social Darwinism• Racism and The White
Man’s Burden– Rudyard Kipling
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Reasons for Expansion
• Isolationism– Not in the best interest of the US to gain control
on foreign territories– Still see this debate today
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Expansion• Seward’s Folly– Sec. of State William Seward
bought Alaska from Russia in 1867
– People thought it was foolish– Seward recognized this as a
move to push Russia farther away from the US coast
– Seward was concerned about British control of Canada
– Seward was also sure that Alaska had valuable natural resources
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Expansion
• Hawaii (1898)– Pearl Harbor • Important naval base
– Sugar plantations– Other natural
resources
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Foreign Policy
• All eyes on China– Open Door Policy• Left China open for US trade
and commerce– Boxer Rebellion• Chinese nationalists against
foreign interference• Killed 300 foreigners and
Christians
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Foreign Policy• Japan– Theodore Roosevelt concerned with Japanese
attacks in the Pacific– Sends American navy out to flaunt power in an
attempt to keep Japan from attacking American territories
– Later Roosevelt will win a Nobel Peace Prize for ending the Russo-Japanese War
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The Panama Canal• Roosevelt believes a canal
across Panama would be crucial to US military and economic interests– Philippians, Hawaii, Guam
• Colombia controlled Panama and would not sell/lease the land
• 1903-Panamanians revolted and Roosevelt sent navy to help
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Roosevelt Corollary• Big Stick Diplomacy– Speak softly and carry a
big stick; you will go far.• Corollary built on the
Monroe Doctrine– Europe wouldn’t
colonize in the Western hemisphere
– Roosevelt furthered this by saying the US would intervene if a nation was struggling to pay off debt
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Other Diplomacy Strategies
• William Taft– Dollar Diplomacy– Focused on US
investment, not military strength
• Woodrow Wilson– Moral/Missionary
Diplomacy – Foreign policy based on
the role of the US to promote democracy and progress
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Long Term Causes of WWI
• “MAIN”– Militarism– Alliances– Imperialism– Nationalism
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Short Term Cause of WWI
• Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand – Archduke of Austria-Hungary– Visiting Bosnia– Radicals (“Black Hand”) of Bosnia believed the
land belonged to Serbia, not Austria-Hungary
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US Neutrality in WWI
• Wilson declared that the US would remain neutral
• Isolationism
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US Enters WWI
• Central Powers– Germany and its allies
• Triple Entente– Great Britain and its allies
• US was supplying both sides, but mostly the Triple Entente
• The Lusitania– U-boats sunk the ship in 1915– Americans support war, very
anti-German
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US Enters WWI
• The Zimmerman Telegram– Intercepted by England– Stated that Germany and
Mexico should form an alliance– Criticized Wilson; weak leader– America officially enters war in
April 1917
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US Involvement in the War
• Trench Warfare– Diseases – Morale
• Selective Service Act
• New weapons made war horrific
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Turning Points in WWI
• Russia leaves the war– Low morale– 2 million dead– Famine at home– March 1917: Russian Revolution• New republic created but…• Bolsheviks and Vladimir Lenin took
over country and established communist rule
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Turning Points in WWI• US Troops and Paris– B/c Russia was no longer a
threat to Germany, they focused on France• Made it within 50 miles of
Paris– Marines were able to fight
off the Germans and saved Paris
– Allies used a new weapon, the tank, to push through German lines.
• Germans signed an armistice in late 1918
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Events Following the War
• Wilson’s “Fourteen Points”– Reduction in weapons– Right to govern oneself
for ethnic groups– League of Nations
• US did not join– “Peace w/o victory”
• This was ignored…did it lead to WWII?
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Events Following the War
• Treaty of Versailles– June 1919– Germany took full
responsibility for war• Reparations
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Actions within the US
• War Industries Board– Wilson established this– Kept peace within the nation’s economy and businesses
during the war• Committee on Public Information– Encouraged public support for US war effort
• Espionage and Sedition Acts– Fines and jail time for those that were seen as hurting
the US war effort• Constitutional??
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1920 Election
• Warren G. Harding and a “return to normalcy”