ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY...

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY FOR PROPOSED INDJET UNIT

AT BARAUNI REFINERY

REPORT NO. A968-1742-EI-1701

AUGUST 2017

Template No. 5-0000-0001-T2 Rev. 1 Copyrights EIL – All rights reserved

i

Document No. A968-1742-EI-1701

Rev. No. 0 Page i of v

EIA STUDY FOR PROPOSED INDJET UNIT

AT BARAUNI REFINERY

INDEX

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY…………………………………………….…………........... (I – XII)

S.No. CONTENTS PAGE

No.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCES OF PREVIOUS PROJECTS 2

1.2 IMPORTANCE AND COST OF PROJECT 3

1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT 3

1.4 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY 4

1.5 FRAME WORK OF ASSESSMENT 4

1.6 METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 4

1.7 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT 5

1.8 MOEF APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA 6

CHAPTER 2: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.0 INTRODUCTION 8

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION 8

2.2 OVERVIEW OF EXISTING REFINERY 10

2.3 PROCESS UNIT DETAILS 12

2.4 TYPES OF CRUDE PROCESSED 13

2.5 REFINERY CONFIGURATION AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS 13

2.6 OFFSITE FACILITIES 16

2.7 PRODUCT DISPATCH FACILITIES 17

2.8 SUMMARY OF SULPHUR BALANCE DATA (BEFORE AND AFTER EXPANSION)

17

2.9 NEW PROCESS UNITS UNDER INDJET PROJECT 19

2.10 WATER ALLOCATION AND WATER BALANCE IN THE EXISTING REFINERY

28

2.11 WASTEWATER GENERATION AND TREATMENT SCHEME 29

CHAPTER 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 33

3.1 SITE SELECTION 34

3.2 MICRO-METEOROLOGY 34

3.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 37

3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 44

3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 50

3.6 SOIL ENVIRONMENT 53

3.7 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION 56

3.8 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 57

3.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 74

CHAPTER 4: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES

4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT 77

4.1 METHODOLOGY 77

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 80

4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 81

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT 88

4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 91

4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT 93

4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 95



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4.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 96

4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS 99

CHAPTER 5: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE

5.0 ALTERNATIVE SITE 101

5.1 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY 101

CHAPTER 6: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.0 INTRODUCTION 103

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE 103

6.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING 103

6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE 104

6.4 OPERATION PHASE 105

6.5 RESPONSIBILITY OF MONITORING AND REPORTING SYSTEM 108

6.6 SUBMISSION OF MONITORING REPORTS TO MoEF 108

CHAPTER 7: ADDITIONAL STUDIES

7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 110

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 110

7.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 110

7.3 RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA) STUDY 110

CHAPTER 8: PROJECT BENEFITS

8.1 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY 115

8.2 INCREASED PRODUCTION OF ATF & PCK 115

8.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 115

CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

9.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT 117

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT PLANNING PHASE 117

9.3 MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 121

9.4 ENVIRONMENT CELL 127

9.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE 127

9.7 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 130

9.7 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 131

9.8 BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 135

CHAPTER 10: DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

10.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 137

10.2 ESTABLISHMENT 137

10.3 EIL’S VISION 137

10.4 EIL’S MISSION 138

10.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL 138

10.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL 138

10.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL 138

10.8 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF EIL 138

10.9 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL 139



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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO.

FIGURE TITLE PAGE NO.

2.1 Location Map Indicating the Project Site 8

2.2 Barauni Refinery Site Map (Source- Google Earth) 9

2.3 Project site 5 km radius map (Source- Google Earth) 9

2.4 Project site 10 km radius map (Source- Google Earth) 10

2.5 Block Flow diagram of Barauni Refinery 11

2.6 Sulphur balance for existing refinery 18

2.7 Sulphur balance for post BS IV/IndJet project 18

2.8 Process Flow diagram of PCK Unit 22

2.9 Overall Plot Plan including IndJet facilities 26

2.10 Water balance of existing refinery 28

2.11 Effluent Treatment Scheme 31

3.1 Wind Rose Diagram: Project Site (May- June, 2016) 35

3.2 Wind Rose diagram super-imposed on the Project Site in Google Earth

36

3.3 Wind Rose diagram (March-May 2017) 37

3.4 Air quality monitoring locations 38

3.5 Water monitoring locations 45

3.6 Noise Monitoring locations 51

3.7 Soil Monitoring Locations 53

3.8 Land Use Pattern around Barauni Refinery 56

3.9 Habit wise representations of plants from the study area 67

4.1 Air Quality modeling for SOx 86

4.2 Air quality modeling for NOx 87

6.1 Organogram of HSE department of Barauni refinery 104

10.1 EIL Accreditation Certificate by NABET 140

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO. TABLE TITLE PAGE NO.

1 Utilities requirement for proposed project III

2 Summary of Baseline data of AAQs III

3 Impact Identification Matrix V

4 Impact Assessment Summary V

5 Budget for Environmental Management Plan IX

6 a Environmental Monitoring Program (Construction Phase) IX

6 b Environmental Monitoring Program (Operation Phase) X

1.1 List of Environmental Clearances 2

2.1 List of Products from Barauni Refinery 11

2.2 Existing capacity of different unit of Refinery 12

2.3 Auxiliary Facilities at Barauni Refinery 12

2.4 Storage Facilities post BS IV project 16

2.5 Utilities requirement for proposed project 27

2.6 Spent Catalyst Generations 27



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2.7 Details of Liquid Effluent 27

2.8 Water intake and consumption for existing Barauni refinery 28

3.1 Location & Frequency of monitoring 33

3.2 Meteorological Observations (May- June. 2016) 35

3.3 Meteorological Observations (March- May, 2017) 36

3.4 Air quality monitoring location details 38

3.5 List of AAQ parameters Methods adapted and NAAQS 39

3.6 Average Ambient Air quality monitoring data (May-June 2016)

40

3.7 Average Ambient Air quality monitoring data (March 2017) 41

3.8 Average Ambient Air quality monitoring data (April 2017) 42

3.9 Average Ambient Air quality monitoring data (May 2017) 43

3.10 Surface water sampling location details 45

3.11 Test methods used for sampling and analysis of water quality

46

3.12 Analytical results on water samples collected in the surrounding areas of refinery (May 2016)

47

3.13 Drinking water quality (April 2017) inside refinery 49

3.14 Details of noise monitoring locations 51

3.15 Noise Monitoring Results 52

3.16 Noise data collected at various locations inside refinery 52

3.17 Details of soil monitoring locations 54

3.18 Soil Analysis results 54

3.19 Details of Land Use surring 10 km radius of the refinery 57

3.20 List of crops and vegetables grown in surrounding areas of refinery

58

3.21 Distribution of plants in the study area and its surrounding 60

3.22 List of birds documented during the study period 68

3.23 List of butterflies in and around the study area 70

3.24 Family wise distribution of butterflies in the study area 71

3.25 List of amphibians recorded in the study area 72

3.26 List of reptiles recorded in the study area 72

3.27 Mammals recorded in the study area 73

3.28 List of Fishes Recorded from Ganga near Barauni 73

3.29 Nature of the Workers in the District and the Taluk 75

4.1 Matrix for Evaluating Spatial criteria 78

4.2 Matrix for Evaluating Temporal criteria 79

4.3 Matrix for Evaluating Significance 79

4.4 Impact Identification Matrix 80

4.5 Impact of air emissions (construction phase) 81

4.6 Stack details for proposed IndJet Project 84

4.7 Stack details for proposed IndJet Project 84

4.8 Resultant GLC (SOx) 85

4.9 Resultant GLC (NOx) 85

4.10 Impact of air emissions (operation phase) 88

4.11 Impact of water consumption (construction phase) 88

4.12 Impact of effluent generation (construction phase) 89

4.13 Impact of water consumption (operation phase) 90



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4.14 Impact of effluent generation (operation phase) 90

4.15 Sound Pressure (noise) levels of Construction Machinery 91

4.16 Impact on Ambient Noise (construction phase) 92

4.17 Impact on Ambient Noise (operation phase) 92

4.18 Impact on Land Use & Topography (Construction phase) 93

4.19 Impact on soil quality (construction phase) 94

4.20 Impact on soil quality (operation phase) 94

4.21 Impact on Biological Environment (construction phase) 95

4.22 Impact on Biological Environment (operation phase) 96

4.23 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (construction phase)

97

4.24 Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (operation phase) 99

4.25 Summary of Impact Evaluation in terms of Significance Value

99

6.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme– Construction Phase 105

6.2 Proposed Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase

107

9.1 Indian Environmental Legislation/Rules 117

9.2 List of tree species suggested for green belt development 123

9.3 Elements of HSE Management System during EPC Phase 128

9.4 CSR project-wise expenditure details during 2016-17 134

9.5 CSR Approved budget (so far) for 2017-18 135

LIST OF ANNEXURES

ANNEXURE NO. ANNEXURE TITLE

I. LATEST COMPLIANCE REPORTS SUBMITTED TO REGIONAL OFFICE, RANCHI

II. RO-MoEF, RANCHI CERTIFIED COPY

III. APPROVED TOR FOR THE IndJet PROJECT

IV. HEALTH, SAFETY, ENVIRONMENTAL AND QUALITY POLICY OF BARAUNI REFINERY

V. THE COMPLETE RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY REPORT

VI. GREENBELT MARKED ON PLOT PLAN



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TOR Compliance Statement

Sl. No.

Statement Status

Additional TOR

1. Public Hearing is exempted under section 7 (ii) of EIA Notification, 2006.

Noted.

2. Compliance status report of the condition stipulated in the earlier environmental clearance duly certified by concerned RO, MoEF&CC to be submitted.

RO-MoEFCC, Ranchi Certified Copy is attached in Annexure II.

Standard TOR

1.

Executive Summary i) Introduction

ii) Details of the EIA Consultant including

NABET accreditation

iii) Information about the project proponent

iv) Importance and benefits of the project

Introduction is given in section 1.0 of Chapter 1 Details of EIA consultant is given in Chapter-10. Information about the project proponent is given in section 1.3 of Chapter-1. Project benefits are given in Chapter-8.

2. Project Description

i) Cost of project and time of completion.

ii) Products with capacities for the proposed project.

iii) If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any.

iv) List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation

It is given in section 1.2 of Chapter 1. Existing, under implementation and proposed unit capacities is given in section 2.3 of Chapter 2. It is an expansion project. The details of the existing products along with capacities in given in section 2.3 of Chapter-2. No additional land requirement is envisaged. Barauni Refinery was initially designed to process low sulphur crude oil (sweet crude) of Assam. After establishment of other refineries in the Northeast, Assam crude is unavailable for Barauni. Hence, sweet crude is being sourced from African, South East Asian and Middle East countries like Nigeria, Iraq & Malaysia i.e. Labuan, Bonny Light, Nemba, Agbami, Kimanis, White Rose, Bombay High, Girrasol, Okwuibome, Arab Mix, Dubai, Basra light etc. The refinery receives crude oil by pipeline from Paradip on the east coast via Haldia. Storage of raw material and products are described in section 2.4 of Chapter 2.



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v) Other chemicals and materials required

with quantities and storage capacities

vi) Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management

vii) Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract)

viii) Process description along with major equipment’s and machineries, process flow sheet (quantities) from raw material to products to be provided.

ix) Hazard identification and details of proposed safety systems.

x) Expansion/modernization proposals:

a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing I existing operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIAEMP report.

b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA.

Details of emission, effluents and hazardous waste are given in section 2.9 of Chapter 2. Details of proposed project with utilities are given in section 2.9 of Chapter 2. Process description of proposed project is given in section 2.9 of Chapter 2. The same is covered in Risk Assessment Report and attached in Annexure V. Copies of all previous environmental clearances and its compliances are attached in Annexure I. Refer Annexure I & II. Not Applicable



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3.

Site Details i) Location of the project site covering

village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered.

ii) A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all eco-sensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places)

iii) Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site

iv) Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site.

v) Google map-Earth downloaded of the project site.

vi) Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/Estate/Complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/Estate.

vii) Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular.

viii) Land use break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not required for industrial area).

ix) A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area.

x) Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included.

xi) Details of Drainage of the project up to 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence frequency based on peak rainfall data of the past 30 years. Details of Flood Level of the project site and maximum Flood Level of the river shall also be provided. (mega green field projects).

Location of the project site is given in section 2.1 of Chapter 2. Location of the project site is given in section 2.1 of Chapter 2. No alternative site has been selected. Coordinates of project site is 25°25'51.07" N and 86° 3'35.37" E. Google Earth image is given in section 2.1 of Chapter 2. Layout plan is provided in Figure 2.2 of Chapter 2. Land use break up is given in section 3.7 of Chapter 3. HURL, Barauni Thermal Power, HPCL & BPCL storage terminals are present in surrounding area. Not Applicable



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4.

xii) Status of acquisition of land. If

acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land.

xiii) R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy

Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable):

i) Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable)

ii) Land use map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha)

iii) Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted.

iv) The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Warden-thereon.

v) Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area.

vi) Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife.

Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable

5. Environmental Status i) Determination of atmospheric inversion

level at the project site and site-specific micro-meteorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall.

ii) AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and

Site specific meteorological data is given in section 3.2 of Chapter 3. It is given in section 3.3 of Chapter 3.



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sensitive receptors including reserved forests.

iii) Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov. 2009 along with – min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report.

iv) Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/ MoEFCC guidelines.

v) Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/ MoEFCC, if yes give details.

vi) Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included.

vii) Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area.

viii) Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines.

ix) Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, additional traffic due to proposed project, parking arrangement etc.

x) Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedule-I fauna are found within the study area, a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be prepared and furnished.

xi) Socio-economic status of the study area.

It is given in section 3.3 of Chapter 3. It is given in section 3.8 of Chapter 3. Not Applicable It is given in section 3.4 of Chapter 3. It is given in section 3.5 of Chapter 3. It is given in section 3.6 of Chapter 3. It is given in section 4.8 of Chapter 4. It is given in section 3.8 of Chapter 3. It is given in section 3.9 of Chapter 3.

6

(a)

Impact and Environment Management Plan i) Assessment of ground level concentration of

pollutants from the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modeling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the

The SO2 emission from Barauni refinery post BS-IV project is estimated to be 815 kg/hr. There will be an additional release of 0.04 kg/hr (approx. <1 g/s) emissions due to increase in throughput of SRU. The total emission of Barauni Refinery after proposed IndJet Project will remain same i.e. 815 kg/hr. Air pollution modeling was carried out for the proposed new stack in IndJet project along with BS-IV forthcoming stacks. Impact assessment on air environment is given in section 4.3.2 of Chapter 4.



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location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any.

6 (b)

Impact and Environment Management Plan

ii) Water Quality modelling – in case of discharge in water body

iii) Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor-cum-rail transport shall be examined.

iv) A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E (P) Rules.

v) Details of stack emission and action plan

for control of emissions to meet standards

vi) Measures for fugitive emission control

vii) Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of waste minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation.

viii) Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, 2009. A detailed plan of action shall be provided.

ix) Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a

Not Applicable The refinery receives crude oil by pipeline from Paradip on the east coast via Haldia. Storage of raw material and products are described in section 2.4 of Chapter 2. Details of Waste water treatment plant are given in section 2.11 of Chapter 2. Impact assessment on air environment is given in section 4.3.2 of Chapter 4. Leak Detection and Repair program is conducted at regular intervals as per MOEF standards. Spent Catalyst will be generated once in 2 - 3 years which will be sold to authorized recyclers. Not Applicable A total of 230.58 acres (148.39 acre in the refinery and 82.19 acre in the refinery township) is earmarked for greenbelt development.



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scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated.

x) Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources.

xi) Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures shall be included.

xii) Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted.

xiii) Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan.

Rainwater harvesting measures are already taken in Barauni refinery. The same will be continued. Various environmental pollution control measures are already been taken by Barauni refinery. All environmental parameters i.e. air, water, soil, noise and emission are monitored by third party agency. The same will be continued for the proposed project. Post project monitoring plan is given in Chapter 6. ERDMP for Barauni refinery is already in place and the same will be updated further.

7. Occupational health i) Plan and fund allocation to ensure the

occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers

ii) Details of exposure specific health status evaluation of worker. If the workers’ health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, color vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre-placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same.

iii) Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise.

iv) Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved,

Periodic compulsory medical examination for all the plant employees as per OSHA requirement and specific medical examination.



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v) Annual report of health status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety.

8. Corporate Environment Policy

i) Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report.

ii) Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms / conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA.

iii) What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given.

iv) Does the company have system of reporting of non-compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report.

A well laid Quality, Environment, Health and Safety policy is already in place. Details of HSE organogram and its objectives are given Chapter 6.

9. Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labor force during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during operation phase.

Infrastructure facilities to labourers will be provided by contractors.

10. Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i) Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the

project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon.

Already various CSR activities are carried out by M/s IOCL-Barauni Refinery. The same will be continued further.

11. Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and present

There is no litigation pending against the project proponent.



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status of the case.

12. A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TORs.

Noted.

13. The TORs prescribed shall be valid for a period of three years for submission of the EIA-EMP reports.

Noted.


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Rev. No. 0 I of XII

EIA STUDY FOR DEBOTTLENECKING OF REFINERY FACILITIES OF M/S BHARAT

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY



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1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Executive Summary covers the following topics in brief: 1. Project Description 2. Description of Environment 3. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation measures 4. Environmental Monitoring Program 5. Environment Management Plan 6. Additional studies 7. Project Benefits

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Barauni Refinery was commissioned in 1964 with an initial capacity of 2.0 MMTPA and through various revamps the crude processing capacity has been augmented to 6.0 MMTPA in 2002. To enhance the productivity & profitability, refinery expansion project consisting of RFCCU, SRU I/II, ARU, SWSU and HGU along with associated utilities and off-sites facilities were commissioned in 2002. Post Barauni Refinery expansion, the refining capacity was augmented to 6.0 MMTPA crude. Towards product quality upgradation, a third reactor has been commissioned in DHDT in 2009 to reduce sulphur content in treated diesel below 40 ppm at its design capacity as part of BS-III project. For production of BS III compliant Motor spirit (MS), MSQ project with Naphtha Hydro-treating units (NHDT), Iso-merization (ISOM), Selective Hydrogenation Unit (SHU), Hydro Desulphurization unit (HDS) and one new Hydrogen unit was commissioned in 2010 to produce 0.7 MMTPA BS-III MS. Presently refinery operates to the tune of 6.3 MMTPA crude levels and produces LPG, Naphtha, MS, SKO, HSD, FO, RPC, Bitumen, CBFS and Sulfur. No ATF is being produced on sustained basis at - Barauni Refinery due to lack of infrastructure. In-house ATF facility is available consisting of caustic wash, coalescer, clay filter sand filter and Antistatic additive dosing facility at BR for production of 7-8 TMT per month of ATF at AVU II unit along with 2 ATF tanks of 5000 m3 gross capacity each with dispatch facility at Barauni Marketing Terminal for the matching demand. DGCA approval for refinery facilities has already been accorded in June-17. In order to produce ATF on sustained basis and at higher sales volume in view of less Kerosene demand, IOCL Barauni Refinery has considered the following under IndJet project:

Production of Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) (250 KTA)

Production of Pipeline Compatible Kerosene (PCK) (75 KTA)

One ATF Feed Tank of 5000 m3

One ATF Product Tank of 10000 m3

Two PCK Product Tanks of 5000 m3 The following utilities are considered for the proposed IndJet project.



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Table 1- Utilities requirement for proposed project

Sl No. Utilities Unit

1 Cooling water 108.9 m3/hr

2 DM Water 10 m3/hr

3 Service water 20 m3/hr

4 MP Steam 1.5 T/hr

5 LP Steam 2.90 T/hr

6 Power 0.47 MW

7 Instrument Air 350 Nm3/hr

8 Plant Air 340 NM3/hr

9 Nitrogen 340 Nm3/hr

10 BCW 10 m3/hr

1.2 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

The description of the existing environmental status of the study area is summarized here.

1.2.1 Air Environment

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, at eight different locations during May – June 2016 and were further validated with data collected for the month of March-May 2017 at 5 locations. A summary of the same is given in Table 2.

Table 2 - Summary of Baseline data of AAQs

S.No. Environmental

parameter

Baseline value (98th percentile)

(2016)

Baseline value (98th percentile)

(2017)

NAAQS Standards

1 PM10 55.33 -62.28 µg/m3 73.67-78.5 µg/m3 100 µg/m3

2 PM2.5 21.86 – 25.92 µg/m3 28.18-30.92 µg/m3 60 µg/m3

3 SO2 11.62 – 14.25 µg/m3 10.93-12.86 µg/m3 80 µg/m3

4 NOX 21.96 – 25.34 µg/m3 19.95-20.58 µg/m3 80 µg/m3

5 CO 0.02 – 0.08 mg/m3 1.12 mg/m3 2 mg/m3

All parameters were found well within limits prescribed by NAAQS 2009.

1.2.2 Water Environment: Surface water (5 locations) and ground water (4 locations) sampling were carried out and

analysed during May – June 2016. The data was further validated with data collected at two locations for the month of May 2017. Water quality are found within permissible limit.

1.2.3 Noise Environment: Noise levels were monitored at 8 different locations within the study area. From the results, it

can be inferred that the Leq day time noise levels varied between 60.4 to 40 dB (A) across the sampling stations and Leq night time noise levels varied from 57.8 to 34.2 dB(A) across the sampling stations. The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels in the study area are slightly higher than the standards as per the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, notified by MoEFCC.



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1.2.4 Soil Environment: Soil samples were collected from 5 locations within the study area. Soil in study area is predominantly silt loam, clay and silty clay. The soils were observed to be slightly alkaline (pH range 7.49-8.01). This is probably due to excess of oxides and hydroxides of basic metals, particularly calcium and magnesium. It is observed that the concentrations of Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium are found to vary in the ranges of 0.1-0.2 % 0.05-0.12% and 0.08-0.16 kg/hec respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) is moderate, varying between 61 - 124µmhos/cm.

1.2.5 Biological Environment: The flora of study area was represented by agriculture crops over large area. A total of 255

species of plants (including wild, ornamental and cultivated plants) belonging 64 plant families were documented and identified in the 10 km radial distance from the proposed project sites of the study area. Based on habit types, among the 255 plant species, herbaceous plants were dominant in the study area and was represented with 107 species, followed by trees (73 species), shrubs (30 species) grasses (15 species) and climbers/stragglers with 30 species. A total of 69 species of birds were observed during the present survey. A total of 27 butterfly species belonging to 6 families were recorded during the study. 5 amphibians, 15 reptiles and 10 mammals were recorded in the study area.

1.2.6 Socio-economic conditions: The district is situated in the central Bihar region and is surrounded on the north by

Samastipur district, on the south by Munger and Lakhisarai districts, on the east again by the districts of Munger and Khagaria district and on the west by the districts of Samastipur and Patna. Total area of Begusarai district is 1,918 square kilometer as per census 2011. The population of the district is 29,70,541 which consist of 1567660 male and 1402881 female. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the district and also the main source of livelihood of the people. The education infrastructure in rural and urban area is available but the literacy rate is very low in rural areas compared to urban areas. The female literacy rate is low (55.21%), but a remarkable improvement is seen in a decade (35.64%).

1.3 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project during construction and

operational phases of the project on various environmental components have been identified and are given in Table 3.



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Table 3- Impact Identification Matrix

Physical Biological Socio-economic

Activities

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CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Site preparation

* * * * * *

Civil works

* * *

Heavy equipment operations *

*

Disposal of construction wastes *

Generation/disposal of sewerage *

*

Transportation of materials *

*

OPERATION PHASE

Commissioning of Process units, utilities and offsite * * *

Product handling and storage *

Emissions &Waste management – Air, liquid and solid waste

* * *

Impacts have been assessed considering spatial, temporal, intensity and vulnerability scales and its overall significance value is given in Table 4.

Table 4- Impact Assessment Summary

Environmental component Construction Operation

Air Low Low

Water Consumption of Raw Water Low Low

Generation of Effluent Low Low

Land Land use & Topography Low -

Soil Quality Low Low

Noise Low Low

Biological Low Low

Socio-Economic Low Low



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1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 1.4.1 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase Impacts (Significance - Low)

Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and movement of vehicles on unpaved roads.

PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel engines of machineries and vehicles.

Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.

Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used.

Implementing dust control activities such as water sprinkling on unpaved sites.

Controlling vehicle speed on site

Operation Phase Impacts (Significance - Low) The present SO2 emission from the Barauni refinery is 815 kg/hr. There will be an additional release of 0.04 kg/hr (approx. <1 g/s) emissions due to increase in capacity of SRU. The total emission of Barauni Refinery after proposed IndJet Project will remain same i.e. 815 kg/hr.

The predicted 24 hourly average maximum concentration for SO2 is 19.7µg/m3. This maximum concentration occurred within the refinery complex. By superimposing the same on the maximum background SO2 level observed, i.e. 12.8 µg/m3, the effective concentration is not expected to be more than 32.5 µg/m3 which is worst case scenario and is well within the standard limits for 24 hourly average for industrial/residential areas i.e. 80 µg/m3.

The predicted 24 hourly average maximum concentration for NOX is 5.52 g/m3. This maximum concentration occurred within the refinery complex. By superimposing the same

on the maximum background NOx level observed i.e. 20.9 g/m3, the effective

concentration is not expected to be more than 26.4 g/m3 which is worst case scenario and is well within the standard limits for 24 hourly average for industrial/residential areas i.e. 80

g/m3. Mitigation measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.

Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.

Provision of Low NOx burners is envisaged in all furnaces. 1.4.2 WATER ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase

Impacts (Significance – Low)

The effluent streams will be generated regularly that will comprise of Sewage, grey water from site area and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area.

Mitigation Measures

Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage.



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Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low)

Component Present Use After Proposed Project

Raw Water 651 m3/hr 653 m3/hr

Effluent including cooling tower and boiler blow down

497 m3/hr Effluent

internally used for green belt irrigation and cooling tower

make-up

507 m3/hr Effluent internally used for green belt irrigation and cooling tower make-up

Mitigation Measures

Developing the possibility for increasing the amount of treated effluent from existing ETP.

1.4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase


Noise generation due to operation of heavy equipment and machinery, movement of heavy vehicles in site preparation and civil works.

Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles. Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low)

Noise level measurements were carried out in day and night times at numerous locations around the existing operating units within the refinery. No additional impact is envisaged. Mitigation Measures

Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise areas.

Provision of ear muffs at the high noise areas

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment. 1.4.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase


Generation of debris/construction material, but being the modifications limited to existing area, the generation of such waste shall be minimal.

Mitigation Measures

Restricting all construction activities inside the project boundary.

Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water drainage.

Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material handling plan for the construction phase.



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Spent Catalyst after every 2-3 years will be generated. Mitigation Measures

Logging the details of waste sent back to manufacturer.

1.4.5 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Construction Phase Impacts (Significance –Low)

The impact of construction activities on fauna will be insignificant due to proposed construction activities are within existing Barauni refinery.

Mitigation Measures:

Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction.

Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic and hazardous waste.

Training of drivers to maintain speed limits.

Development of green belt during construction phase. Operation Phase Impacts (Significance – Low)

The impacts due to proposed project activities during operation phase shall be insignificant due to minimal additional air emissions.

Mitigation measures

Maintain the greenbelt already developed 1.4.6 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Construction Phase Impacts (Significance – Low)

Generation of temporary employment of very substantial number of personnel. It can be observed that the number of personnel needed for the proposed project during the construction phase will be peak of about 200 – 300 people.

Transport requirements will arise during the construction phase due to the movement of both the personnel and materials.

An impact on basic necessities like shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical facilities for the temporary workers and truck drivers.

The majority of skilled and unskilled laborers are available in the impact area itself, the incremental effect on housing during the construction phase will be minimal.

Mitigation measures

Conducting awareness programs for workers.

Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy vehicles and machinery.

Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week will be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning.

Providing prior notice to affected parties when their access will be blocked, even temporarily.

Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites.



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Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for security.


Employment generation, effects on transport and other basic infrastructure.

Transport requirements will arise due to the movement of both the personnel and materials.

Mitigation measures

Extending reach of CSR Program.

Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles.

1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND MONITORING PROGRAM Budget has been estimated for implementation of environmental management plan during construction and operational phases and is given in Table 5.

Table 5- Budget for Environmental Management Plan

Phase Capital Cost in Lakhs

(Rs.) Recurring Cost in Lakhs per

Annum (Rs.)

Construction 15 -20 8-10 Operation 8 -12

The proposed environmental monitoring program is mentioned in the below Table 6a and

Table 6b.

Table 6a - Environmental Monitoring Program (construction phase)

Component Parameters Location / Frequency of Monitoring No. of

Samples / month

Air

SO2, NOx, CO, PM10&PM2.5,

Benzene (As per

NAAQS 2009 standards)

At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant boundary. Twice in a month (except monsoon)

4

Water

Surface Water: CPCB surface water criteria;

Ground Water: IS:10500

One surface water in the project site per month. Two Ground Water: One Up-gradient and One Down-gradient of project site per month.

1 (SW) 2 (GW)

Noise Noise Levels

Leq (A)

At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant boundary. Twice in a month

4

Soil As per

standard practice

At one location, in the project site. Once in a month.

1



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Samples / month

Flora & fauna

As per standard practice

Periodic monitoring quarterly -

Table 6b - Environmental Monitoring Program (operation phase)

Sl.No. Potential impact Action to be Followed Parameters for

Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring

1 Air Emissions

Stack emissions to be optimized and monitored.

Gaseous emissions (SO2, PM, CO, NOx).

Once in two month

Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed unit and nearby habitations to be monitored. Exhaust from vehicles to be minimized by use of fuel efficient vehicles and well maintained vehicles having PUC certificate.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Benzene Vehicle logs to be maintained

As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement or on monthly basis

Measuring onsite data of Meteorology

Wind speed, direction, temp., relative humidity and rainfall.

Continuous

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent Possible.

Vehicle logs

Daily records

2 Noise Noise generated from operation of DG set to be optimized and monitored. DG sets are to be provided at basement with acoustic enclosures.

Spot Noise Level recording; Leq(night), Leq(day), Leq(dn)

Once in a month

Generation of vehicular noise

Maintain records of vehicles.

Periodic (during operation phase)

3 Water Quality

Monitoring groundwater quality and levels around refinery

Comprehensive monitoring as per IS 10500

Once in a month

4 Wastewater Discharge

No untreated discharge to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil. The cleaning water shall be routed to nearby ETP.

No discharge hoses in vicinity of water courses.

Once in a month

Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such that soil and ground water resources are protected.

Discharge norms for effluents as per ETP norms

Once in a month

5 Maintenance of flora and

Vegetation and greenbelt / green cover development.

No. of plants species

Once in three months



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fauna

6 Health

Regular health check-ups for employees and migrant labourers

All relevant parameters including audiometry

Regular check ups

7 Energy Usage

Energy usage power generation, air conditioning and other activities to be minimized. Conduct annual energy audit for the terminals

Energy audit report

Annual audits and periodic checks during operational phase

1.6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

1.6.1 RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT (RRA)

RRA study evaluates the consequences of potential failure scenarios, assess extent of damages based on damage criteria and suggest suitable measures for mitigating the hazards. The major findings and recommendations arising out of the Rapid Risk analysis study are summarized below:

A. Indjet Unit :

From the high frequency failure scenario of 20 mm Leak at Feed Pump (P-001A/B) and stripper bottom pump, the 5 & 3 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances may affect S/S-34, S/S-15 & control room of AVU-I unit. The jet fire radiation intensities of 37.5 kW/m2 and 12.5 kW/m2 may affect S/S-34, S/S-15, control room of AVU-I unit and a part of nitrogen unit. The pool fire radiation intensity of 12.5 kW/m2 may affect S/S-34, S/S-15, control room of AVU-I unit and part of nitrogen unit.

In case of high frequency failure scenario of 20mm leak at Stripper Reflux Pump (P-002A/B), the LFL hazardous zone may cover S/S-34, S/S-15, control room of AVU-I unit and some part of nitrogen unit. And the 5 & 3 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances may affect control room of AVU-II unit, inspection room, proposed control room and nitrogen storage tanks in addition of previously mentioned facilities.

As per IOCL AVU-I & AVU-II control room is not functional and there is no control facilities or permanent sitting arrangement in these buildings. Also, existing inspection room has been changed to control room for AVU-I and AVU-II. Based on the above following is recommended:

Inspection room (control room AVU-I and AVU-II) to be relocated to a non-hazardous area beyond the explosion effects or to be made of blast proof construction.

Ensure the proposed new control rooms are suitable to withstand the blast overpressure effects.

Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors within the pump house for early leak detection and develop procedures for stopping of rotating equipment and for quicker inventory isolation in case of loss of containment.



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Low frequency credible failure scenarios are modelled and it is observed that in the event of catastrophic rupture of feed surge drum and large hole in stripper column bottom, if realized may cause severe damage to personnel and equipment in the facility and also to the neighboring facilities.

The above mentioned scenarios must be utilized for Disaster management plan & Emergency Response Plan of the facility.

B. OFFSITE:

From the high frequency failure scenario of 20 mm Leak at PCK product Pump, the 5 & 3 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances may affect tank T-802. The jet fire radiation intensity of 32 kW/m2 and 8 kW/m2 may also affect tank T-802. The pool fire radiation intensity of 8kW/m2 may affect tank T-802. Based on the above following is recommended:

PCK product pump discharge piping and associated system shall be at a minimum distance of 45 m from T-802 to protect tank from radiation effects.

Low frequency credible failure scenarios are modelled and it is observed that in the event of Large hole in PCK product tank manifold, ATF product tank manifold, if realized may cause severe damage to personnel and equipment in the facility and also to the neighboring facilities.


1.7 PROJECT BENEFITS The benefits of proposed project are as follows:

1. Decrease the ATF demand in this region 2. Socio-economic development. 3. Contribution to National Energy security

1.8 PUBLIC HEARING

The Expert Appraisal Committee of Industry-2 exempted the Public hearing is under section 7 (ii) of EIA Notification, 2006 for the proposed IndJet Project.



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CHAPTER – 1

INTRODUCTION





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1.0 INTROUCTION Barauni Refinery was commissioned in 1964 with an initial capacity of 2.0 MMTPA and through various revamps the crude processing capacity has been augmented to 6.0 MMTPA in 2002. To enhance the productivity & profitability, refinery expansion project consisting of RFCCU, SRU I/II, ARU, SWSU and HGU along with associated utilities and offsites facilities were commissioned in 2002. Post Barauni Refinery expansion, the refining capacity was augmented to 6.0 MMTPA crude. Towards product quality upgradation, a third reactor has been commissioned in DHDT in 2009 to reduce sulphur content in treated diesel below 40 ppm at its design capacity as part of BS-III project. For production of BS III compliant Motor spirit (MS), MSQ project with Naphtha Hydrotreating units (NHDT), Isomerization (ISOM), Selective Hydrogenation Unit (SHU), Hydro Desulphurization unit (HDS) and one new Hydrogen unit was commissioned in 2010 to produce 0.7 MMTPA BS-III MS. Presently refinery operates to the tune of 6.3 MMTPA crude levels and produces LPG, Naphtha, MS, SKO, HSD, FO, RPC, Bitumen, CBFS and Sulfur. No ATF is being produced on sustained basis at - Barauni Refinery due to lack of infrastructure. In-house ATF facility is available consisting of caustic wash, coalescer, clay filter sand filter and Antistatic additive dosing facility at BR for production of 7-8 TMT per month of ATF at AVU II unit along with 2 ATF tanks of 5000 m3 gross capacity each with dispatch facility at Barauni Marketing Terminal for the matching demand. DGCA approval for refinery facilities has already been accorded in June-17. In order to produce ATF on sustained basis and at higher sales volume in view of less Kerosene demand, IOCL Barauni Refinery has considered the following under IndJet project:

Production of Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) (250 KTA)

Production of Pipeline Compatible Kerosene (PCK) (75 KTA) IOCL entrusted the task of carrying out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Risk Analysis/Assessment (RA) studies to M/s Engineers India Limited (EIL) for obtaining Environmental Clearance for proposed IndJet project. The details of such assessment studies are given in the proceeding chapters. EIL is an accredited consultant for Category ‘A’ projects under 4(a) – Petroleum Refining Industry for carrying out EIA studies by Quality Council of India.

1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCES OF PREVIOUS PROJECTS

The summary of all Environment Clearances are summarized in Table 1-1.

Table 1-1: List of Environmental Clearances

Sl No Environmental Clearances Environmental Clearance MoEFCC Document No.

Date

1 MS Quality Up-gradation & HSD Quality Up-gradation (BS-IV Project), Replacement of reactors & allied modernization jobs of Coker A and Installation of Biturox Unit

J-1101/15/2015-IA II (I) 06/03/2017

2 MS & HSD quality upgradation & high sulphur crude maximization project

J-1101/491/2007-IA II (I) 18/03/2008





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Sl No Environmental Clearances

Environmental Clearance MoEFCC Document No.

Date

3 6.0 MMTPA expansion of Barauni refinery project

J-1101/23/98-IA II (I) 08/03/1999

4 Augmentation of Crude Processing Capacity of Barauni Refinery from 3.3 to 4.2 MMTPA

J-11011/48/95-IA II (I) 17/05/1996

5 Catalytic Reformer at Barauni Refinery

J-11011/10/89-IA II (I) 25/07/1989

The latest compliance report for environmental clearances submitted to Regional Office, Ranchi is attached in Annexure I. The latest CTO received from Bihar Pollution Control Board is attached along with Annexure I. RO-MoEF certified copy is attached in Annexure II.

1.2 IMPORTANCE AND COST OF PROJECT

Due to rapid growth of demand in India and requirements of Nepal Oil Corporations, as indicated at the different forums, there is requirement to produce ATF from Barauni Refinery. A new ATF unit is required to process straight run AVU I/II/III SKO to manufacture ATF. There are many commercial technologies available in the open market for the purpose viz. UOP Merox, DuPont Isotherming etc. IOCL R&D has also recently developed in-house technology for making ATF by hydrotreatment where M/S EIL is also a partner. The new unit will produce 250 KTA of Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) and 75 KTA of Pipeline Compatible Kerosene (PCK) from Barauni Refinery. The cost of the proposed project is Rs. 144.33 Crores. The total project duration is 36 months including commissioning of units.

1.3 PROJECT PROPONENT

1.3.1 Address of the Project Proponent The correspondence address of the project proponent is: Mr. Biplob Biswas

GM(TS & HSE) Barauni Refinery Indian Oil Corporation Limited Begusarai-851114, Bihar Email id: [email protected] Tel. No.: 06243-275205 Mob no: 9896759659

1.3.2 Particulars of EIA Consultant

The EIA consultant is Engineers India Limited accredited by NABET/QCI. Details and certificate are given in Chapter 10. The complete address for correspondence is given below:





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Mr. R. B. Bhutda Head-Environment, Water & Safety Division Engineers India Limited Research & Development Complex, Sector-16, On NH-8 Gurgaon – 122001, Haryana Email: [email protected] Tel: 0124-3802034 Website: http://www.engineersindia.com

1.4 SCOPE OF EIA STUDY The objectives of prescribed TOR for preparation of EIA study are as follows:

To establish environmental setting of the project in terms of site details, project description, products/chemicals its storage, safety measures and precautions taken during storage and transportation, pollution control devices/measures, emission summary, hazardous waste/chemicals management etc.

Understand the existing environmental status for the period of April-June, 2016 for meteorology, air quality, water quality, noise, soil, ecology and Socio-economic aspects. A comparison is also done with respect to latest data for three months i.e. March-May, 2017.

Prediction and evaluation of the environmental impacts that may result from project development.

Outline the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the negative impacts, if any.

Rapid Risk Assessment study.

1.5 FRAME WORK OF ASSESSMENT

Based on the scope of work, guidelines generally followed for EIA studies and past experience of EIL on such industrial projects, a corridor encompassing of area within 10 km radius of proposed project location is considered as spatial frame for the impact assessment. Temporal frame of assessment has been chosen to reflect the impacts in two distinct phases of the project as:

a) Construction phase, and b) Operation phase

Time frame and the type of impacts will be different for these phases of the project.

1.6 METHODOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

The methodology adopted for carrying out the Environmental Impact Assessment for the proposed expansion project is based on the Guidelines issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and EIL's past experience of similar jobs. An effective environmental assessment calls for establishing sufficient background data on various environmental components through reconnaissance survey, sampling and available literature survey etc. The methodology adopted in preparing this EIA report is outlined in the following sections:

1.6.1 Project Setting and Description

In this section, Environmental setting of the existing refinery and details of proposed facilities will be defined. The description also gives details of effluents

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.engineersindia.com/





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(gaseous/liquid/solid/noise) generation sources. Coverage on environmental setting of the existing refinery in terms of site details, project description, products, its storage, existing pollution control devices/measures, emission summary, hazardous waste/chemicals management etc. will be described.

1.6.2 Identification of Impacts

In order to identify the impacts comprehensively, all the activities associated with the proposed project during the construction as well as operational phase are identified and listed. The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project on various environmental components such as air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna, land, socioeconomic, etc. has been identified using Impact Identification Matrix.

1.6.3 Baseline Data Collection

Once the affected environmental parameters are identified, various environmental parameters of concern are identified to establish its baseline quality. The data collected during April-June 2016 is described to understand the existing environmental status. A comparison is also made with reference to current year data (March-May, 2017).

1.6.4 Environmental Impact Prediction & Evaluation

Impacts identified during construction and operation phases of the project have been evaluated with respect to spatial, temporal, intensity and vulnerability point of view. The significance value of impact on each component of environment is then categorised as high, medium and low.

1.6.5 Environment Management Plan (EMP)

In order to mitigate or minimise the negative impacts (if any) of the proposed project, an effective EMP is delineated. Therefore, in the final part of the report, the planning and implementation of various pollution abatement strategies including the proposed monitoring/surveillance network has been described. Detailed Environment Management Plan (EMP) with specific reference to monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound implementation plan for mitigation measure is formulated.

1.7 CONTENTS OF THE EIA REPORT

An “Executive Summary” indicating a brief note on various chapters of EIA/RA is prepared which provides a statement on various environmental issues. Further, the contents and its coverage are explained below: Chapter-1: Introduction This chapter provides background information of the proposed facilities, scope, frame work & methodology of the study. Chapter-2: Project Description This chapter presents the details of the proposed project in terms of location, project configuration of Indjet Project, utilities & offsites, description of the resources required and emissions, solid waste and wastewater anticipated to be generated.





AT BARAUNI REFINERY

Chapter-3: Description of Environment This chapter describes the existing baseline status of environment components collected in the vicinity of IOCL complex. Chapter-4: Anticipated Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures This chapter describes the potential impacts of the proposed project and evaluates their significance based on parameters such as Intensity (I), Spatial extension (Sp), Temporal duration (T) and Environmental Vulnerability (V). Impact avoidance and mitigation measures are delineated. Chapter-5: Analysis of Alternatives This chapter describes the alternative site for the proposed project. Chapter-6: Environment Monitoring Programme This chapter describes the details of the monitoring schedule to be implemented for checking the effectiveness of mitigation measures. It covers the parameters and its, frequency. Chapter-7: Additional Studies (Risk Analysis) This chapter assesses the potential risks involved in the construction and operation of proposed facilities from this project. Chapter-8: Project Benefits This chapter presents the details of direct and indirect benefits due to proposed project. Chapter-9: Environment Management Plan (EMP) This chapter describes the existing environmental management system, existing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), impact analysis & mitigation measures for various components of environment. It also includes organizational structure and resources planned for implementing the mitigation measures and monitoring schedule. Chapter-10: Disclosure of Consultants This chapter contains the details of various functional areas in which the consultant is expertise as per Quality Council of India (QCI) to conduct Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) studies as per the MoEFCC Guidelines.

1.8 MOEF APPROVED TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR EIA

The 22th Expert Appraisal Committee (Industry-II) considered the IOCL proposal for approval of TOR for the proposed IndJet project during its meeting held on 17-18th April 2017. Based on the review of the documents submitted and the presentation made by IOCL, the Committee recommended the Terms of Reference (TOR) vide letter no. J- 1101/15/2015-IA II (I) dated 06/03/2017 for incorporating the same in the EIA report. Public hearing for the proposed project is exempted by EAC. The approved TOR for the IndJet project is attached in Annexure III.


EIA STUDY FOR PROPOSED INDJET UNIT AT BARAUNI REFINERY


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CHAPTER – 2

PROJECT DESCRIPTION



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2.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the details of proposed project location, configuration, process description, utilities, environmental setting of the project etc.

2.1 PROJECT LOCATION

Barauni Refinery (BR) is located in Development Block Barauni of Begusarai district in the State of Bihar, about 8 kms away from the northern or left bank of Ganges. From Patna, the state capital, BR is about 125 km due east. The latitude and longitude at the Refinery site is 25°25'51.07" N and 86° 3'35.37" E respectively. The district headquarters town of Begusarai is about 6 km to the east and the Refinery Township is just adjacent to Begusarai, being about 5 km from the Refinery. The proposed project is planned within the existing facility of IOCL Barauni Refinery located at Barauni Village, Begusarai Taluk, Begusarai District of Bihar. The nearest railway station is Barauni. Location of the proposed project is shown in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2.1: Location map indicating the project site

The site details are as listed below:

Name of the factory : Indian Oil Corporation Ltd., Barauni Refinery, Barauni, Bihar, 851114

Address: : Barauni Refinery, District: Begusarai, Bihar, 851114

Location : Situated 125 km from Patna, about 8 km away from the northern or left bank of Ganges.

Total Plot Area : 887.83 acre

Nature of process : Continuous (Petroleum Refining)

Total Population : As per 2001 census, the population of the total villages within a circle of 10 kms radius with the refinery as the centre is 6,04,478 (About 6.04 Lakh) (within 10 km radius)

Project Site



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The Project site is given in Figure 2.2. The 5 km and 10 Km radius map from the site is shown in Figures 2.3 and 2.4.

Figure 2.1: Barauni Refinery Site Map (Source- Google Earth)

Figure 2.2: Project site 5 km radius map (Source- Google Earth)



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Figure 2.3: Project site 10 km radius map (Source- Google Earth)

2.2 OVERVIEW OF EXISTING REFINERY

The Refinery processes Imported low sulphur & High sulphur crude oil. The refined products fulfill the requirement of the eastern region by road, rail and also through a product pipeline going upto Kanpur, UP via Patna, Mughalsarai, & Allahabad. A branch pipe line from Gowria (Near Kanpur) also supplies product to Lucknow. The imported crude oil from Nigeria, Malaysia and Middle East Countries is supplied to Barauni Refinery through Paradip, Haldia — Barauni crude oil pipeline. Barauni Refinery was initially designed to process low sulphur crude oil (sweet crude) of Assam. After establishment of other refineries in the Northeast, Assam crude is unavailable for Barauni. Hence, sweet crude is being sourced from African, South East Asian and Middle East countries like Nigeria, Iraq & Malaysia. The refinery receives crude oil by pipeline from Paradip on the east coast via Haldia. With various revamps and expansion projects at Barauni Refinery, capability for processing high-sulphur crude has been added - high-sulphur crude oil (sour crude) is cheaper than low-sulphur crudes - thereby increasing not only the capacity but also the profitability of the refinery. The list of products from IOCL Barauni Refinery is as shown in Table 2.1.



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Table 2.1 List of Products from Barauni Refinery

Products

Post BS-IV Scenario

MT %

L.P.G. 287429 4.79%

S R N 87619 1.46%

M S(BS-III) - -

MS (BS-IV) 1240286 20.67%

S K 112571 1.87%

H S D (B S - III) - -

H S D (BS - IV) 3334571 55.57%

L S H S/ I F O 0 0.00%

R P C 102191 1.72%

FO 108952 1.81%

B i t u m e n 142667 2.37%

C B F S 31714 0.52%

SULFUR 20381 0.34%

INTERMEDIATE STOCK DIFFERENCE

- -

FUEL & LOSS 531619 8.88%

TOTAL OUTPUT 6000000 100.00%

6 MMTPA

The block flow diagram is as shown in the Figure 2.5.

Figure 2.5 Block Flow diagram of Barauni Refinery



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2.3 PROCESS UNIT DETAILS Barauni refinery of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Comprises the following processing unit and auxiliary facilities:

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.2.2 Existing capacity of different unit of Refinery

The auxiliary facilities are shown in Table 2.3. Table 2.3 Auxiliary Facilities at Barauni Refinery

Auxiliary Facilities

Units/Facilities Capacity

Gas Turbine (GT-1 & GT-2) 2 X 20= 40 MW

Turbo Generator (4 nos.) 5.5+12+12.5+20=50 MW

Boiler (6 Nos.) 5X75= 375 MT/HR 1X150= 150 MT/HR

HRSG-1& 2 (along with GTs) 2 X 40= 80 MT/HR

DM Plant 780 m3/hr (5 chains of 130 m3/hr & 2 chains of 65 m3/hr)

Tank Wagon Loading Gantry 1 WO, 1BO, 1 unloading gantry

LPG Bulk loading 6 bays

ETP with physical/ Biological treatment (BTP)

1000/ 1400 m3/hr

Units Existing

Capacity(MMTPA)

Primary Units

AVU-I 1.75

AVU-II 1.75

AVU-III 2.5

Secondary Processing Units

COKER-A 0.6

COKER-B 0.5

RFCCU 1.4

HGU-1 0.034

HGU-2 0.02

SRU 2 X 40 MT/day

Biturox 150 TMTPA

MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-III)

NHDT 0.183

SHU 0.322

HDS 0.225

RSU 0.274

MS Quality UP gradation Unit (BS-IV)

Existing NSU 0.32

New NSU 0.48

ISOM 0.256

Existing CRU 0.21

CCRU 0.375

Prime G+ 0.48

New ARU 0.321

DHDT 3.3



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2.4 TYPES OF CRUDE PROCESSED

Barauni Refinery was initially designed to process low sulphur crude oil (sweet crude) of Assam. After establishment of other refineries in the Northeast, Assam crude is unavailable for Barauni. Hence, sweet crude is being sourced from African, South East Asian and Middle East countries like Nigeria, Iraq & Malaysia i.e. Labuan, Bonny Light, Nemba, Agbami, Kimanis, White Rose, Bombay High, Girrasol, Okwuibome, Arab Mix, Dubai, Basra light etc. The refinery receives crude oil by pipeline from Paradip on the east coast via Haldia. With various revamps and expansion projects at Barauni Refinery, capability for processing high-sulphur crude has been added - high-sulphur crude oil (sour crude) is cheaper than low-sulphur crudes - thereby increasing not only the capacity but also the profitability of the refinery.

2.5 REFINERY CONFIGURATION AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS 2.5.1 Atmospheric & Vacuum Unit

There are three ‘Atmospheric and Vacuum Distillation Units’ in Barauni Refinery numbered as AVU-I, AVU-II and AVU-III. Capacity of AVU-I & AVU-II each is 1.75 MMTPA and capacity of AVU-III is 2.5 MMTPA. Crude is preheated in a series of heat exchanger in train-I to about 130°C prior to desalting in desalter at 10.5 Kg/cm2 operating pressure. Desatled crude is pumped to heat exchanger train-II with post desalter pumps and heated to 206oC prior to feeding to pre-topping column (K-1) where light gasoline (E-1) is recovered from top and pre-topped crude from K-1 bottom is pumped to main fractionators (MF) via preheat train-III & main furnace (F-2). K-1 is operated at 2.2-2.6 Kg/cm2 top pressure and 116-124°C depending of E-1 FBP requirement and the same is maintained by regulating top reflux and stripping steam in K-1. E-1 from top is further routed to LPG stabilizer (K-4) via heat exchangers and reboiler (T-15), where LPG is recovered from top and routed to LPG Treatment Unit (LTU) in Coker before storage in Mounted Bullets in OM&S. Stabilized gasoline (E-1) is routed to r/d from bottom of K-4. The operating condition of top pressure of 7.8-8.4 Kg/cm2 and top temperature of 52-58°C is maintained by regulating T-15 temperature and top reflux. The feed in main fractionator (K-2) enters at 6th tray @ 340-365°C. Gasolines (E-2) from top, Heavy Naphtha (HN), Kerosene (SKO), Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) and Gasoil (GO) as side draws are withdrawn from K-2. The temperature profile of K-2 is maintained by side (K-2 CR & Gasoil CR) & top reflux (E-2) along with stripping steam (LP) and the column is operated at 0.4-0.8 Kg/Cm2 top pressure and 112-124°C top temperature. Reduced crude from K-2 Bottom is pumped by H-10/10A to vacuum furnace (F-3) and heated to 398-402°C and enters vacuum column (K-5) at 4th plate through two parallel headers. K-5 is operated at 60-65 mmHg (a) top pressure and 60-80°C top temperature. Top vacuum is maintained through series of steam ejectors and top temperature is maintained with help of side reflux (1st CR & 2nd CR). Gasoil, 1st Cut & Wide cut are drawn as side streams and Vacuum Residue (VR)/ Short Residue (SR) for further processing in secondary processing units.

2.5.2 RFCCU The RFCC unit incorporates a two-stage regeneration system, a unique feed injection system, and a proprietary catalyst dis-engager. This process eliminates or greatly reduces many constraints of previous FCC configurations and offers maximum flexibility for covering reduced crude and mixtures of gas oils and vacuum resids. The process of Reactor & Regenerator Section consists of feed injector system, riser, internal separator,



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reactor/ stripper, first stage regenerator, second stage regenerator, catalyst withdrawal well, catalyst transfer lines and control system.

2.5.3 Hydrogen Generation Unit The purpose of this unit is to produce high purity hydrogen (99.99%) to cater the DHDTU requirement. Hydrogen is produced in the unit by steam reforming of naphtha. The process for hydrogen generation involves the following four major steps:

Hydrodesulphurization or removal of Sulphur and Chlorine from Naphtha (as Sulphur and Chlorine are Poisons for downstream Catalysts).

Steam reforming of Naphtha to Generate Carbon Mono-oxide (CO) & Hydrogen (H2).

Medium and Low temperature shift conversions to generate further Hydrogen (H2) & Carbon dioxide (CO2) by Catalytic shift reaction of CO & H2O.

Purification of Shifted Gas in PSA unit to generate ultra-pure H2 from a mixture of H2, CO, CO2 & CH4.

Different type of catalysts/adsorbents are used in each of the above four sections. The process involves high temperature condition required for steam reforming of Naphtha; waste heat of Flue Gas generated during the process is utilized to produce large quantity of Steam. The steam generated in the unit is used:

Within the plant as Process Steam required for reforming.

Within the plant to heat up feed Naphtha and fuel Naphtha.

To export to the refinery HP Steam header.

2.5.4 Naphtha Splitter Unit

IBP-140 0C cut naphtha from storage is fed to splitter column under flow control by offsite pump at tray No. 14. The feed is heated up to 95 0C in splitter feed/bottom exchanger against splitter bottom stream before it enters the column. The overhead vapors are totally condensed in air condensers. The liquid collected is pumped by splitter reflux pump and one part sent as top reflux back to the column under flow control to maintain the top temperature. The balance, which constitutes the IBP-70 0C cut naphtha is sent to HGU as their feed and rest light naphtha is sent to storage under reflux drum level control after cooling in a water cooler. Reflux drum boot water is drained in OWS manually. The pressure of splitter is controlled at reflux drum by passing a part of hot column overhead vapors around the condenser or releasing the reflux vapors to flare through a split range controller. The splitter bottom product which constitutes 70-140 0C cut naphtha is pumped to splitter feed/bottom exchanger by hydro-treater feed pumps. The bottom product after exchanging heat with feed is split into two streams. One is fed to the hydro treater unit at a temp. of 65 0C and the other is sent to storage under column level control after being cooled in splitter bottom column. The heat necessary for splitter re-boiling is supplied by splitter re-boiler furnace and desired temperature maintained by controlling the fuel firing. Splitter re-boiler pumps provide the circulation through re-boiler is double pass vertical cylindrical furnace having four burners fired from the bottom. It has soot-blowing facility for convection section.



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2.5.5 Prime G+ Unit

SHU section, treating the full range RFCC (Light Cracked Naphtha) LCN gasoline, converting Diolefins to olefins and light fraction sweetened to recover a sweet desulfurized light cut to be sent to Gasoline Pool and a heavy cut sent to HDS section along with fresh HCN feed. This section allows to reach very high selectivity and to minimize the octane loss to recover a sweet desulfurized heavy cut to be sent to Gasoline pool.

2.5.6 Catalytic Reformer Unit

In Catalytic Reforming Unit, the structure of hydrocarbon (low octane) is changed to hydrocarbon of higher octane number (mainly aromatics) through various reactions in the presence of specific catalyst. Main reactions: A) Dehydrocyclisation of paraffins, B) Dehydrogenation of naphthene, C) Isomerization of paraffin.

2.5.7 Naphtha Hydro-Treater Unit

The naphtha from NSU is fed to HTU by a pump. The feed flow is controlled by flow control valve. The feed then mixed with Rich Hydrogen Gas from HP separator of reformer controls the Rich Hydrogen gas flow. Both the liquid naphtha and rich hydrogen gas are pre-heated in a series of exchangers, which are feed/reactor effluent heat exchangers. Then mixture is heated up to reaction temperature in a furnace and fed to the reactor. The furnace is four pass having three burners fired from bottom. The furnace is having facility of soot blowing. The reactor inlet temperature is maintained by cascaded with either fuel oil or fuel gas PC's. The furnace is provided with all safety shut down inter locks. It has also provision of decoking. The de-sulfurisation and hydro treating reaction takes place in at almost constant temperature since heat of reaction is quite negligible. The reactor is provided with facility of steam and air for regeneration of catalyst. The reactor catalyst bed has been provided with five number of thermo couple points at various location to get the bed temperature during regeneration of the catalyst. A line has been provided to feed the naphtha to stripper, during start up, bypassing the reaction/separation section.

2.5.8 Biturox Unit

The Biturox unit is designed for production of viscosity graded paving bitumen VG10, VG20, VG30 and VG40 using Biturox process by oxidation of the Vacuum Residue and VGO obtained from the Vacuum Unit of the refinery.

2.5.9 Coker Unit

The unit processes vacuum residues from a wide variety of crude oils including Bonny Light and Arab Mix crudes. It can also process a number of low value streams such as decant oil from the bottom of FCC units in addition to the vacuum residues. The unit is designed to produce unstabilised Naphtha, LPG rich off gas, Reduced Petroleum Coke (RPC) and components for HSD, LDO and Fuel Oil pools. The unit upgrades heavy residual oil converting it to above products.



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A delayed Coker unit mainly consists of a furnace, coke chambers (reactors), fractionators and light ends recovery system. The associated facilities include coke cutting/ handling and water re-use system.

2.5.10 Diesel Hydro-treater Unit

Diesel Hydro-treater (DHDT) is installed to improve the diesel quality with respect to Cetane No. & other specification. The design feed is a blend containing Straight run Gasoil from low sulphur imported crude (SRGO-LS), Straight run Gasoil from high sulphur imported crude from middle east (SRGO-HS), Total Cycle Oil from FCCU (TCO), Light Coker Gasoil from Coker unit (LCGO) with below mentioned properties. Unit capacity:

1) Design Capacity : 3.3 MMTPA after BS-IV Project 2) Stream Factor : 8,000 hours per year 3) Turndown : 40% of design capacity.

2.5.11 Sulfur recovery Unit

Sulfur Recovery unit is designed to handle all the acid gases and sour gases from the refinery complex to produce elemental sulfur.

2.5.12 Amine Regeneration Unit

Amine regeneration unit with capacity for regenerating all the rich amine produced in the refinery complex has been designed. ARU unit produces Lean Amine, which is supplied to various units for treating Fuel gas, LPG.

2.6 OFFSITE FACILITIES The offsite systems in existing refinery comprises of:

Tank farm

Interconnection of process lines between process units

Dispatch facilities

The tank farm which is integral part to the refinery caters to (i) Storage tanks of crude feedstock, received through the crude pipeline, (ii) Intermediate and component storage needed from routine operations and blending. The summary of the feed, intermediate and product storage tanks and their pumps are tabulated below (in Table 2.4):

Table 2.4 Storage Facilities post BS IV project

Service No of

Tanks/vessel TOTAL CAPACITY

(KL)

Crude Storage Tanks 8 285000

LPG 8 12000

SRN 6 30000

MS 15 78000

SKO 6 30000

ATF 2 10000

HSD 12 120000

LDO CUTTER 2 10000



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Service No of

Tanks/vessel TOTAL CAPACITY

(KL)

FO 5 25000

CBFS 5 8000

Bitumen 7 9000

CRU Feed 5 17000

DHDT Feed 4 70000

RFCCU Feed 3 99000

RCO 8 40000

CLO 2 10000

IFO 3 15000

2.7 PRODUCT DISPATCH FACILITIES

The petroleum products from the refinery are dispatched through tank trucks, tank wagons (rail) and Barauni-Kanpur pipeline (BKPL). The pipeline passes through Patna, Mughalsarai Allahabad and Lucknow (on bypass line) where the products are tapped off by Marketing Division for local distribution. While LPG, Motor Spirit, Superior Kerosene and Diesel are dispatched for public distribution through Local Marketing terminal; other products viz RPC, Sulphur, FO, CBFS etc are sold directly from Barauni Refinery. 2.8 SUMMARY OF SULFUR BALANCE DATA (BEFORE AND AFTER EXPANSION)

Summary of the emission scenario is presented in Figures 2.6 & 2.7.

Figure 2.6 Sulphur balance for existing refinery



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Figure 2.7 Sulphur balance for post BS IV/IndJet project

It has been estimated that the total SO2 emissions post Indjet Project will be maintained below the consented level of 815 Kg/hr as per the earlier environmental clearance conditions.

2.9 NEW PROCESS UNITS UNDER INDJET PROJECT Due to rapid growth of demand in India and requirements of Nepal Oil Corporations as indicated at different forums, there is requirement to produce ATF from Barauni Refinery. In addition it is indicated that the pipeline is developing facilities at Motihari and for that purpose Barauni will work as a center point for pipeline transfer. Thus logistically it creates advantageous situation to supply ATF directly from BR. Further, considering the long term view of SKO demand, it is advantageous to utilize potential of converting SKO to ATF as SKO demand may likely go down with the growth of the region. To meet the future demands of ATF for the region, the new ATF unit at BR is required otherwise same demand will be shifted to other places. Considering the futuristic demand scenario due to upcoming airports at nearby places, ATF requirement for nearby region is expected to be ~235 TMTPA by year 2021-22. Considering the future scenario of processing higher HS feed and difficult crudes to process, the existing facilities may not produce ATF meeting all product specifications. Thus based on the demand scenario and additional margins for the future, a new unit of 250 TMT capacity is considered.

ATF Unit (250 KTA)

PCK Unit ( 75 KTA)



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OSBL requirement: Refinery does not have any tankage for PCK and product will be produced in batches thus storage of PCK will be essential for smooth operation and meeting the pipeline transfer requirement during operation of unit in ATF mode.

Feed for the unit will be taken from the existing tanks/ units directly thus no feed tanks

will be required, however there will be requirement of storage facility for the PCK product of 10000 m3.Considering this, two tanks of 5000 m3 are considered for the PCK storage.

ATF feed is coming from AVU-I/II/III and to ensure feed availability for smooth operation ATF feed tank has been considered. ATF product needs to be transported through rail gantry. So, an ATF product tank of 10000 m3 has also been considered. 2.9.1 Process Description The technology is in-house & developed by IOCL R&D in partnership with EIL. This is low temperature & low pressure hydrotreatment process which selectively removes mercaptans from ATF while minimizing removal of other sulfur compounds (Hydrodesulfurization). The process uses lndian Oil R&D developed hydrotreating catalyst. Unit is designed to operate in ATF and PCK (Pipeline Compatible Kerosene) in block flow mode approach. During ATF mode of operation hot straight run ATF from AVU-I, AVU-II, AVU-III and cold feed from Offsite ATF tank is routed to the unit and is blended inside battery limit. Hot ATF feed from AVUs will be maintained in the design proportion by ratio controller. Unit operation is considered for 5000 hrs in ATF mode and 3000 hrs of operation considered in PCK mode. The unit will be operated in different batches for the production of PCK and ATF. Hydrodesulphurization reactions occur when hydrogen reacts with the sulphur atom and forms hydrogen sulphide. The rate of reaction depends upon the type of sulphur compound present. The sulphur compounds present in the ATF/PCK fuel are mercaptans, thiophene and its derivatives, benzothiophene, small amounts of benzothiophene derivatives etc. Aliphatic sulphur compounds i.e. mercaptans, thiophene and thiophene derivatives are relatively easy to desulphurize than benzothiophene, benzothiophene derivatives like di-benzothiophenes and alkylated benzothiophene. For achieving ultralow sulphur target for PCK (<8 ppmw), removal of benzothiophene and benzothiophene derivatives are required.

The sulphur compounds are mostly characterized by GC-SCD (Gas Chromatogram Chemi- Luminescence Detector) and GC-PFPD (Gas Chromatogram Pulse Flame Photometric Detector). The order of reactivity among sulphur compounds decreases in the following order:

Mercaptans > Thiophenes > Benzothiophenes > Di-benzothiophenes > Alkyl substituted Di-benzothiophene

The ATF/PCK feedstock contains mercaptan species which are highly corrosive. Commercial ATF has a specific restriction on the mercaptan sulphur content. As mentioned above, mercaptan is easiest sulphur species to convert. Irrespective of the molecular weight of the mercaptan compound present in the feedstock, the hydrogen required for their conversion to corresponding alkane remains the same. Mercaptan sulphur is removed by the following reaction scheme:



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H2 RSH RH + H2S

While processing ATF, the reaction conditions are set in such a way that the mercaptan sulphur species are selectively removed, with minimum total sulphur reduction. Hence, the high boiling sulphur species will remain in the product stream while processing ATF feedstock.

Thiophene species react with hydrogen to form mixed isomers of C4H10 and H2S. The thiophene ring is not saturated prior to removal of sulphur atom. The first step may involve simultaneous removal of sulphur atom and saturation of the hydrocarbon. The hydrodesulphurization and subsequent hydrogenation reactions occur on separate sites of the catalyst.

H2 H2

S Thiophene Alkane

In case of benzothiophene, the thiophene ring is hydrogenated before sulphur atom is removed and this is in contrast with thiophene desulphurization.

H2 H2

S S Benzothiophene Ethyl benzene



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H

Di-benzothiophene and its derivative sulphur species are generally present in small quantities in ATF/PCK feedstock. While processing ATF, these species remain unconverted, if present, whereas, during PCK production requires very low total sulphur content, these species are primarily converted to bi-phenyl with some amount of phenyl cyclohexane.

H2

+ H2S

S

Bi-phenyl H2

S S

HHDBT THDBT

2

+ H2S

CHB

ATF feed is mixed with Hydrogen and is heated to a reaction temperature through a network of heat exchangers before entering the fixed bed down flow reactor in presence of hydro-treating catalyst. The reactor effluent is then led to the stripper. Process is low severity operation which selectivity removes mercaptans to <10 ppm with H2 consumption of 100-700 ppm. The product ATF passes through sand filter and salt dryer before sending to storage.

PCK producing option: Post BS-IV / VI projects scenario, there is requirement of using Pipeline compatible kerosene (PCK) of – 70 TMT per annum for using as plug between different product batches since the use of normal SKO will lead to contamination of product due to its high sulphur content. Refinery has no other facility to produce low sulphur Kero and will require to utilize DHDT unit to produce PCK. It is envisaged that the DHDT unit will be operated in PCK mode once in a month and PCK will required to be stored sufficient for a month in the dedicated tanks. The process flow diagram is given in Figure 2.8.



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Figure 2.8 Process Flow diagram of PCK Unit

Feed Section

Unit is designed to operate in ATF and PCK (Pipeline Compatible Kerosene) in block flow mode approach. During ATF mode of operation hot straight run ATF from AVU-I, AVU-II, AVU-III and cold feed from Offsite ATF tank is routed to the unit and is blended inside battery limit. Hot ATF feed from AVUs will be maintained in the design proportion by ratio controller. In PCK mode of operation, hot blend of kerosene from AVU-I and AVU-II is taken as feed for PCK mode.

The combined feed is routed to the Feed Surge drum through cartridge filter to remove any carry over rust and polymeric components in feed followed by feed coalescer for water removal. The pressure in the feed surge drum is maintained by nitrogen blanketing. The feed from the surge drum is pumped to the feed preheat train on flow control located upstream of the Feed / Stripper Bottom Exchanger. Facility for injecting sulfiding agent (DMDS) for catalyst sulfiding during startup is provided at the pump suction. Make up hydrogen from offsite supplies the chemical hydrogen, solution losses and the mechanical loss of hydrogen to the unit. In ATF mode, the supply header pressure is sufficient as per process requirement. In PCK mode though, Hydrogen is compressed in the Makeup compressors and routed to Feed Heater. Makeup compressors are reciprocating (Diaphragm compressor) type. The seperator pressure controls the makeup flow into the unit. However if the suction pressure in the Makeup compressor falls the spill back opens to maintain the suction pressure. Feed Heater and Reactor section The feed is preheated first in the Feed / Stripper Bottom Exchanger (three shells) using hot stripper bottom. Feed is further heated in Reactor Feed/Effluent Exchanger (four shells). It is finally mixed with makeup gas from battery limit in case of ATF mode and



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from in case of PCK mode of operation. Feed mixed with hydrocarbon is then routed to the Feed Heater.

The preheated feed is brought to desired reactor temperature in the Feed heater. The reactor inlet temperature is controlled by fuel gas firing (Pressure control cascaded with Temperature control). The hot feed is then routed to the reactor from the top (down flow). As the temperature rise, during reaction, in the reactor is not so high, reactor system is designed without any intermediate cold quenching. The final effluent from the reactor is cooled in exchangers followed by and is then routed to how Effluent Separator Drum, Vapor and liquid phase is separated in Effluent Separator Drum. Pressure of Effluent Separator Drum is controlled using Split Range approach by manipulating Effluent Separator Drum vapor line valve position along with depressurization to flare. Hot vapor and liquid from Effluent Separator Drum is fed to Stripper. Stripper Section Hot vapor and liquid hydrocarbon from the Effluent Separator Drum drum is routed to the Stripper. In the stripper, reactor products are stripped off hydrogen sulfide using MP steam. MP steam is injected on flow control to Stripper. The column operating pressure is set by the battery limit pressure requirements of the fuel gas system. The stripper overhead vapors are condensed in the Stripper overhead condenser followed by the stripper overhead trim cooler. The separator is designed for 3 phase separation of gas, hydrocarbon liquid and free water. The overhead condensers minimize losses of C3, C4 and C5 products to the fuel gas system. The trim cooler outlet is routed to Striper Reflux drum. The off gas from the Reflux drum is routed to the Sour Fuel Gas Amine Absorber. The condensed overhead liquid is refluxed back to the stripper, using Stripper Reflux pump on flow control cascaded with level in the Stripper Reflux Drum through Reflux Exchanger to the Effluent Separator Drum. The condensed liquid hydrocarbon, water and gas are separated in the Stripper reflux drum. Water is removed from the boot under interface level control and is sent to the Sour Water Stripping Unit. The reflux drum gas is routed under pressure control the Sour Gas Amine Absorber. To avoid ammonium salt deposits and the risk of corrosion, Corrosion Inhibitor is injected at the inlet of the stripper overhead Air Cooler. The bottom product from the stripper is pumped by stripper bottom pumps to the feed/ stripper bottom exchanger followed by product air cooler.

Product Post Treatment Section This section intends to polish off any remaining mercaptan and maintain the desired product qualities. The stream from product air cooler is finally cooled in Product cooler. The product is Aviation Turbine Fuel (ATF) or Pipeline Compatible Kerosene (PCK) based on the operating mode. ATF/ PCK is routed to storage through a coalescer. When ATF is processed the product after coalescing is routed through a caustic column followed by a water wash column. Caustic ensures that ATF shall be able to meet the



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desired specification of 18 ppmw RSH in product. Water wash is to arrest any caustic carryover that may take place. After water wash, ATF product is passed through sand filter and salt drier to ensure Silver strip corrosion and water specifications in final product are met. The product is finally routed to storage on flow control through Clay filter. For PCK mode of operation, the desired product specification is for Total Sulphur content of 8 ppmw. The product from product coalesce shall be directly routed to product storage.

Sour Gas Amine Absorption Section The sour gases generated in the unit are routed to an MDEA Absorber where the H2S is absorbed in lean MDEA. Lean amine from the Amine Regeneration Unit is routed to the absorber on flow control. The rich MDEA is routed back to the Amine Regeneration Unit on level control. Sweet fuel gas is routed to the Sweet Fuel Gas system for distribution under split range pressure control through a Sweet Fuel Gas filter separator to knock out carry over amine.

Fresh Caustic Tank and Caustic Drain Section Fresh Caustic required in Caustic Wash column is stored in Fresh caustic Vessel. The requirement for fresh caustic is in batch-wise manner and the storage vessel is designed to store caustic requirement of two batches. The caustic is pumped using Fresh Caustic pumps. Spent caustic from caustic column wash water column and Sour water from wash water column is sent to spent caustic vessel from where it is pumped to ETP with spent caustic pump.

2.9.2 Storage Facilities Tankage requirement for ATF Refinery consists of two dedicated ATF product tanks of 5000 m3 gross capacity with dispatch pumping facility to Barauni Marketing terminal (BMT) connected with the existing trial ATF facility in AVU- II. Considering one tank for ATF feed in, one tank in certification/ dispatch and one tank in M&I, it is a requirement to have minimum three tanks of ATF. More-over considering the restriction in movement of ATF for unforeseen circumstances & inventory requirements, it is considered to build a new product tank of 10,000 m3 capacity. For feeding of the unit there is no tank available and thus one tank of 5000 m3 capacity is considered for managing the feed. In addition to this feed, product pipeline headers & feed & product pumps are envisaged for the new ATF unit in the off-sites.



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Tankage requirement for PCK

Refinery does not have any tankage for the PCK and since product will be produced in the batches and thus storage of the PCK will be essential for smooth operation and meeting the pipeline transfer requirement during operation of unit in ATF mode. Feed for the unit will be taken from the existing tanks/ units directly thus no feed tanks will be required, however there will be requirement of storage facility for the PCK product of 10,000 m3 so that during the ATF mode of operation, PCK can be supplied for the pipelines transfer. Considering this, two tanks of 5000 m3 are also considered for the PCK storage. Overall plot plan showing proposed units and tanks is given in Figure 2.9.



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EIA STUDY FOR PROPOSED INDJET PROJECT AT BARAUNI REFINERY

Figure 2.9: Overall Plot Plan including IndJet facilities



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EIA STUDY FOR PROPOSED INDJET

PROJECT AT BARAUNI REFINERY

2.9.3 Utilities

Utilities for the proposed IndJet project are checked and found adequate inside the refinery. The requirement of utilities for the proposed project is given below.

Table 2.5 Utilities requirement for proposed project

Sl No. Utilities Unit

1 Cooling water 108.9 m3/hr

2 DM Water 10 m3/hr

3 Service water 20 m3/hr

4 MP Steam 1.5 T/hr

5 LP Steam 2.90 T/hr

6 Power 0.47 MW

7 Instrument Air 350 Nm3/hr

8 Plant Air 340 NM3/hr

9 Nitrogen 340 Nm3/hr

10 BCW 10 m3/hr

2.9.4 Spent Catalyst Generation

The following spent catalyst is generated in IndJet project and the table as given below:

Table 2.6 Spent Catalyst Generations

Sl. No.

Name of Catalyst Quantity Life Year Composition

1 Guard Bed 1444 KG 2 Alumina/Silica

2 Catalyst 18296 KG 3 Co/Mo/Sulphides & Oxides

2.9.5 Liquid Effluent

The following liquid effluent is generated in IndJet project and the table as given below:

Table 2.7 Details of Liquid Effluent

Sl. No.

Effluent Quantity Remarks

1 Sour Water Effluent Separator Drum

6 m3/day Intermittent

2 Sour Water Reflux Drum

41 m3/day Continuous

3 Spent caustic 2.2 m3/day Intermittent

4 Floor Wash 15 m3/day Intermittent



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2.10 Water Allocation and Water Balance in the Existing Refinery Majority of the water in the existing refinery is used for cooling purpose. Water consumption in the existing facility is limited to about 651 m3/hr. Water balance chart post BS-IV project scenario considering ZLD is shown below indicating total water requirement, water losses, waste water generation and water recycle. Water balance for existing refinery is given in Figure 2.10.

Figure 2.10 Water balance of existing refinery

Taking into account ZLD at Barauni Refinery, water intake and consumption breakup post BS-IV project scenario at different points in the refinery is tabulated below:

Table 2.8 Water intake and consumption for existing Barauni refinery

S No. Intake Points Quantity (m3/hr)

1 Fresh water from artesian wells 651

2 Township sanitary sewage 60

Total Water Intake 711

S No. Consumption Points Quantity (m3/hr)

1 Cooling tower evaporation loss 311

2 Consumption in HGU 70

3 Evaporation loss in Belco Unit 40

4 Evaporation loss in Cokers 25

5 Evaporation loss in ETP/BTP/TTP 31

6 Horticulture, Green belt and Eco-pond Makeup 62

7 Coke Yard Spray 18

8 Service Water for Domestic use in Refinery, LPG bottling plant, CISF Barrack, CISF Colony,

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Pipeline Office, Police Station, Post Office, Bank etc.

9 Misc. Consumption 27

Total Consumption 711

For achieving ZLD, Barauni Refinery is implementing RO Plant for effluent treatment as tertiary facility which has been commissioned and currently under stabilization whereupon the refinery shall utilize the water as alternative to fresh water intake in DM plant and/or cooling towers. Further, RO reject which will be generated during RO plant operation will be utilized for Coke cutting water & spraying in Coke yard (to be dispensed with the product) as well as make up for eco-pond, horticulture & greenbelt while maintaining TDS within permissible limit. Detailed breakup of RO reject utilization as per above water balance chart is as below:

20 m3/hr - For the purpose of Coke Cutting water and fire water makeup after dilution with treated water.

12 m3/hr – Makeup for Eco Pond, Horticulture and green belt after dilution with treated water.

18 m3/hr – for spraying in Coke yard.

2.12 Wastewater Generation and Treatment Scheme Total wastewater generation from the existing facility is about 497 m3/hr. The existing ETP capacity is 1000 m3/hr. Barauni Refinery has modernized its Effluent Treatment Facilities for the treatment of refinery waste water (Oily water Sewage) generated from process units and tank farm area as well as township & Refinery sanitary sewage at a cost of Rs. 112 Crore. Following facilities (modifications & new facilities) have been installed. Primary treatment (Modifications & New Facilities)

Equalization Tank with fixed roof to absorb shock loads and to contain VOC emissions.

Removal of free & emulsified oil with a combination of Tilted Plate Interceptor (TPI) & Dissolved Air Floatation (DAF) system. Free oil & Grease (Globule Dia.>60 microns) will be removed with the help of gravity in TPI. Thereafter residual free oil and emulsified oil will be removed with the help of chemical coagulation and flotation/settling in DAF system.

Sludge Thickener and Centrifuge to reduce the amount of sludge generated by drying it out and recovering maximum amount of water and oil entrapped.

Spent caustic Treatment by H2O2 for converting poisonous sulfides into harmless sulphates.

Secondary Treatment

Bio-tower as first stage bio-treatment for transforming and breaking pollutants down into more treatable and less polluting forms of matter biologically.

Extended aeration system based on Fine Bubble Diffusers as second stage bio-treatment.

Clarifiers for effectively removing the bio-sludge generated.

8nos. of Low Pressure Sand Filters with air scouring and backwashing arrangements to achieve supplemental removal of suspended solids.



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Bio-sludge Thickener and Centrifuge to reduce the amount of sludge generated by drying it out and recovering maximum amount of water and oil entrapped.

Tertiary Treatment Ultra-filtration Modules (UFM) along with all necessary treatment facilities have been installed for treatment of a part of the effluent for reducing suspended solids, turbidity and BOD levels in the filtered water so that the treated effluent can be re-used as fresh water make up in the cooling towers. The Effluent Treatment Scheme is provided in Figure 2.11



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Figure 2.11: Effluent Treatment Scheme



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CHAPTER – 3

DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT



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3.0 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

Environmental monitoring is the systematic measurement of key environmental indicators over time within a particular geographic area. The baseline environmental quality is assessed through field studies within the impact zone for various components of the environment viz. air, noise, water, biological and socio-economic. The objective of the study is to assess environmental impacts due to installation of IndJet unit. The area covering 10 km radial distance around the project site has been delineated as study area. The pre-project status of environmental quality is assessed through field surveys corresponding to different components of environment, viz. air, noise, water, land, biology/ecology and socio-economics. The current environmental quality status around the project site becomes the baseline status for proposed Project but at the same time it includes the environmental impacts from the already existing industrial area, commercial, infrastructure activities as well as residential zones in the study area. An exhaustive study has been done to study the baseline status of all environmental components. The existing environmental setting has been considered to establish the baseline conditions which are described with respect to the following.

Air Environment

Meteorology

Noise Environment

Land environment

Water Environment

Ecology

Demography and Socio-economic Environment The above environmental data on different parameters were collected by M/s Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd., Chennai for the period of April-June 2016 whichis as below. Additional three months data collected by Barauni refinery is provided and revalidated with the earlier collected data. The location and frequency of monitored data collected by M/s Hubert Enviro Care Systems Pvt. Ltd. is given in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 Location & Frequency of monitoring

Attribute Sampling

Location Frequency

Air Environment

Meteorological Time office site (IOCL) Hourly data for the month of May-June 2016

Ambient Air Quality

7 locations around the site + 1 at the site

24 hourly, twice a week – during 3 month study period

Noise 7 locations around the site + 1 at the site

Once during the study period

Water

Ground water Grab samples from 4 locations around the site


Surface water Grab samples from 5 locations around the site


Soil 4 locations around the site + 1 at Once during the study period



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Attribute Sampling

Location Frequency

the site

Ecology Within 10 km of the site Once during the study period

Socio economy Within 10 km of the site Once during the study period

3.1 SITE SELECTION

For designing a monitoring programme in the study area, several monitoring stations were considered for characterizing the baseline conditions of the impacted area. When considering the location of individual samplers, it is essential that the data collected are representative for the location and type of area without the undue influence from the immediate surroundings. In any measurement point in the study area, the total ambient concentration is the representative of:

• Natural background concentration • Regional background • Impact of existing large regional sources such as industrial emissions and other power

plants To obtain the information about the importance of these different contributions, it is necessary to locate monitoring stations so that they are representative for different impacts. While considering the location of individual samplers, the data collected was taken as the representative of location and type of area without undue influence from the immediate surroundings.

3.2 MICRO-METEOROLOGY The study of micro-meteorological conditions in the study area during air quality study period is of utmost importance in order to understand the variations in ambient air quality status in study region. The prevailing micrometeorology at project site plays a crucial role in transport and dispersion of air pollutants released from the plant. The principal variables are horizontal transport and dispersion (average wind speed and directions), convective transport and vertical mixing (atmospheric stability) and also topography of the area as local influences. For determining the prevailing micro-meteorological conditions during the study period, an automatic continuous digital weather station with data logger was installed at project site. The location is chosen such that there is no obstruction to the flow of wind and sunlight. The hourly meteorological data of wind speed, wind direction, temperature and solar radiation were recorded at the project site. These frequencies were computed on hourly data basis and presented in wind rose diagram as well as 24 hourly basis and the corresponding results are used to and 00-24hrs corresponding to study period as shown in subsequent sections. The wind direction for the months of May – June, 2016 is shown in Figure 3.1. Predominant wind direction is NNE & E to SW & WSW. The average wind speed observed during the study period is 3.2 km/hr. The nearest existing meteorological station maintained by India Meteorological Department (IMD) is situated at Patna, hence deemed representative for the study area. The station is observed to be well manned and equipped with thermometer, barometer, raingauge and wind monitor. Another IMD observatory is located at Bhagalpur. The climate of the project area is humid and tropical. It is characterised by a hot and dry summer from March to May, a south-west monsoon or rainy season from June to September, a pleasant post monsoon from October to November and a cold winter from December to



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February. The relative humidity varies between 26 and 68% in the mornings while in the afternoon it varies between 36 and 73%. The average annual rainfall is about 1,110 mm. Rainfall peaks during August (about 307 mm) followed by July (about 266 mm) with the four monsoon months (June to September) contributing 86% (about 955 mm) of the total rainfall (Source: IMD). The annual mean minimum and maximum temperature are 30°C and 42°C respectively. The day time heat is oppressive and the temperature is as high as 47°C. The lowest temperature recorded is of the order of 24°C. The micrometeorology of the site is provided in Table 3.2. The ambient temperature at project site ranged between 28.3-40.1°C while the relative humidity ranges from 43-57% at project site. The meteorological data collected during monitoring were used for interpretation of baseline status and to simulate the meteorological conditions for prediction of impacts in air dispersion modeling studies.

Figure 3.1 Wind Rose Diagram: Project Site (May- June, 2016)

Table 3.2 Meteorological Observations (May- June. 2016)

S.No Parameter Observation

1 Wind Direction NNE, E,SW,WSW

2 Wind Speed Range 0.5 to 13.75 Km/ Hr

3 Annual Average Rainfall Nil

4 Average Wind Speed 3.2 km/hr

5 Temperature Range Min. Temp : 28.3°C

Max. Temp : 40.1°C

6 Average Temperature 33°C

7 Humidity Range (24hr) 43-57%

8 Cloud cover clear

(source: BS IV project)

Angles & Freq. - AnglesN

NNE

NE

ENE

E

ESE

SE

SSES

SSW

SW

WSW

W

WNW

NW

NNW

8 8

8

8

5.333 5.333

5.333

5.333

2.667 2.667

2.667

2.667



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The windrose diagram super-imposed on the project site in Google Earth is shown in Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2 Wind Rose diagram super-imposed on the Project Site in Google Earth

Barauni refinery has been collected metereological data for the period of March to May, 2017. Metereological onservations are given in Table 3.3 and windrose diagram in Figure 3.3.

Table 3.3 Meteorological Observations (March- May, 2017)

S.No Parameter Observation

1 Wind Direction NNE, NE

2 Wind Speed Range 0.5 to 3 Km/ Hr

3 Annual Average Rainfall Nil

4 Average Wind Speed 3 km/hr

5 Temperature Min. Temp : 14 °C

Max. Temp : 45 °C

6 Average Temperature 23°C

7 Humidity – Avg. (24hr) 64%

8 Cloud cover clear



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Figure 3.3 Wind Rose diagram (March-May 2017)

3.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT

The major objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the area. Formulation of baseline Ambient Air Quality (AAQ) data of the study area occupies a significant role in the Environmental Impact Assessment studies in assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the construction and operation of the proposed project.

3.3.1 Reconnaissance Survey

A preliminary survey was conducted at 12 AAQM locations (within the radius of 10 Kms) that were chosen based on the well-designed ambient air quality stations network. The baseline status of air environment has been assessed through ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM) network covering 8 sampling locations during May-June 2016.Micrometeorological conditions-Persistence of wind direction and speed, atmospheric stability. Predominant upwind and downwind directions Identification of regional background Location of industries, their emission magnitude and topography of the study area. Determination of sensitive receptors such as hospitals, schools, thickly populated

residential localities. Consideration of all the major conventional air pollution parameters as per latest

NAAQS(National Ambient Air Quality Standards) The ambient air quality has been monitored for all the 12 parameters as per NAAQS, 2009. The details of sampling locations selected for ambient air quality monitoring and their distances and directions from the plant site are presented in Table 3.4 and Figure 3.4. The NAAQS standard is given in Table 3.5.



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Table 3.4 Air quality monitoring location details

S.No Sampling station Sampling

code

Geographical

coordinates

Aerial

distance

from the

site in (km)

Direction

with

respect

to site

1. IOCL Gtae No1 AAQ1 25°25'34.72"N 86° 3'41.21"E

- -

2. Zero Mile Thana Bihet

AAQ2 25°26'40.58"N 86° 1'41.39"E

2.66 NW

3. Simariya Thana AAQ3 25°24'11.40"N 86° 1'3.75"E

3.8 WSW

4. Ramdhri Police Thana

AAQ4 25°23'50.04"N 86° 7'28.63"E

5.5 ESE

5. Power House Begusarai

AAQ5 25°25'31.51"N 86° 7'43.61"E

5.9 E

6. PipraDodraj AAQ6 25°27'45.02"N 85°59'17.00"E

8.8 NNE

7. Papraur Pond AAQ7 25°26'9.42"N 86° 2'22.69"E

0.81 WNW

8. Barauni RCD AAQ8 25°27'45.02"N 85°59'17.00"E

6.8 NW

Figure 3.4 Air quality monitoring locations



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Table 3.5 List of AAQ parameters Methods adapted and NAAQS

S.No. Pollutants Analytical method NAAQ Standards: 2009

1 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), μg/m

3

IS:5182(Part-2):2001 (Reaff:2006)

50 (Annual) 80 (24 Hours)

2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), μg/m

3

IS: 5182 (Part - 6): 2006

40 (Annual) 80 (24 Hours)

3 Particulate Matter (PM2.5), μg/m

3

HECS/AIR/Ambient/SOP011

40 (Annual) 60 (24 hours)

4 Particulate Matter (PM10), μg/m

3

IS: 5182 (Part - 23): 2006

60 (Annual) 100(24 hours)

5 CO mg/m3 IS:5182(Part–

10):1999 (Reaff:2006)

2 (8 hours) 4 (1hour)

6 Pbμg/m3 IS:5182(Part–

22):2004 (Reaff:2006)

0.5(Annual) 1 (24 hours)

7 O3, μg/m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/

SOP013 100(8hours) 180 (1hour)

8 NH3, μg/m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/

SOP012 100(Annual) 400 (24 hours)

9 Benzene, μg/m3 IS:5182(Part–

11):1999 (RA:2009)

5 (Annual) 5 (Annual)

10 Benzo (a) pyrene, ng/m

3

IS:5182(Part– 12):2004(RA:2009)

1 (Annual) 1 (Annual)

11 Arsenic, ng/ m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/

SOP014 6 (Annual) 6 (Annual)

12 Nickel, ng/ m3 HECS/AIR/Ambient/

SOP007 20 (Annual) 20 (Annual)

G.S.No.826 (E) dated 16th November, 2009. Vide letter no. F. No. Q-15017/43/2007-CPW

*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken

twice in a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.

**24 hourly/8/1 hourly monitored values as applicable, shall be complied with 98 percent of

the time in a year.2% of time they may be exceeded the limits but not on two consecutive

days of monitoring.

3.3.2 Results and Observations

The analytical methods for air pollutants followed are depicted in Table 3.4.The existing baseline levels of Particulate matter (PM2.5), Particulate matter (PM10), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), CO (µg/m3), Pb (µg/m3), O3, NH3, Benzene, Benzo (a) pyrene, As and Ni at 8 locations of monitoring were found within the NAAQS limits during the monitoring period from May – June, 2016 are presented in Table 3.6. The data collected by refinery from March-May 2017 was also included in the report and revalidated with the earlier data. All values are found within the NAAQS limit. The ambient air quality monitoring data is given in Tables 3.7 to 3.9.



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Table 3.6 Average Ambient Air quality monitoring data (May-June 2016)

BDL- Below Detection Limit, DL- Detection Limit (Source: BS IV project)

Sampling stations

Parameters

SO2

μg/m3

NO2

μg/m3

PM10

μg/m3

PM2.5

μg/m3

CO

μg/m3

Pb

μg/m3 O3 μg/m

3 NH3 μg/m3

Benzene

μg/m3

Benzo (a)

pyreneng/

m3

As

ng/m3 Ni ng/m3

VOC

μg/m3

Total Hydro

Carbons

(ppm)

Methane

Hydro

Carbons

(ppm)

Non Methane

Hydro

Carbons

(ppm)

Vanadium

Ng/m3

AAQ1- IOCL Gtae No1

14.25 25.34 62.28 25.92 0.08

BDL

(DL

0.05)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL

5) 0.356

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 1)

AAQ2- Zero Mile Thana

Bihet

11.62 22.54 56.44 23.52 0.04

BDL

(DL

0.05)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL

5) 0.238

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 1)

AAQ3-Simariya Thana

13.25 24.38 60.86 25.08 0.05

BDL

(DL

0.05)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL

5) 0.274

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BD

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 1)

AAQ4-Ramdhri Police

Thanah

12.85 21.96 58.67 24.82 0.03

BDL

(DL

0.05)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL

5) 0.178

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 1)

AAQ5- Power House

Begusarai

12.36 22.34 55.33 21.86 0.04

BDL

(DL

0.05)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL

5) 0.126

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 1)

AAQ6-PipraDodraj

13.12 23.94 57.65 24.52 0.06

BDL

(DL

0.05)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL

5) 0.142

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 1)

AAQ7-Papraur Pond 11.98 22.24 56.82 24.98 0.02

BDL

(DL

0.05)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL

5) 0.155

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 1)

AAQ8-BarauniRCD

12.57 23.33 55.46 23.75 0.05

BDL

(DL

0.05)

BDL

(DL

10)

BDL

(DL 5)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL 1)

BDL

(DL

5) 0.287

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL

0.1)

BDL

(DL 0.1)

BDL

(DL 1)

NAAQS standard 80 (24

Hours)

80 (24

Hours)

100 (24

hours)

60 (24

hours)

4 (1hou

r)

1 (24hours)

180 (1hour)

400 (24

hours)

5 (Annual)

1 (Annual)

6 (Annual)

20 (Annual

)

- - - - -



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Table 3.7 Average Ambient Air quality monitoring data (March 2017)

DATES OF MONITORING PM(<10) PM <2.5 SO2 NO2 NH3 CO Ozone HC Benzene

(µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (mg/m3) (µg/m3) (ppm) (µg/m3)

TIME OFFICE 73.22 26.33 11.56 18.33 14.00 1.07 32.16 0.26 1.2

CRU CONTROL ROOM 69.22 27.00 11.44 19.22 16.00 1.16 35.38 0.94 1.89

LPG SUB STATION NO.

16 75.67 30.67 13.22 20.22 16.00 1.17 34.48 0.83 2.5

BTP 95.89 39.67 15.22 24.56 15.33 1.06 35.40 0.63 1.6

OVERALL AVERAGE

(Refinery) 78.50 30.92 12.86 20.58 15.33 1.12 34.35 0.67 1.80

BR REFINERY

TOWNSHIP 64.11 24.00 5.44 17.33 13.22 0.75 26.83 0.200 0.49

BDL- Below Detection Limit



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Table 3.8 Average Ambient Air quality monitoring data (April 2017)



TIME OFFICE 71.88 27.75 9.13 19.00 14.13 1.04 31.73 0.26 1.6

CRU CONTROL ROOM 70.88 30.13 10.63 20.25 16.25 1.15 33.76 0.89 2.06

LPG SUB STATION NO.

16 73.44 27.78 10.67 19.44 15.44 1.18 33.73 0.96 2.8

BTP 90.56 36.33 14.56 25.00 15.22 1.09 33.62 0.53 1.5

OVERALL AVERAGE

(Refinery) 76.69 30.50 11.24 20.92 15.26 1.12 33.21 0.66 1.99

BR REFINERY

TOWNSHIP 61.25 23.63 5.50 17.75 14.13 0.73 27.75 BDL 0.46

BDL- Below Detection Limit



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Table 3.9 Average Ambient Air quality monitoring data (May 2017)



TIME OFFICE 70.00 24.88 9.00 18.38 13.75 1.04 32.80 0.18 1.6

CRU CONTROL ROOM 70.25 27.75 10.50 20.00 15.63 1.16 34.55 0.91 2.11

LPG SUB STATION NO.

16 72.22 26.78 10.22 18.56 14.78 1.17 33.56 1.02 2.8

BTP 82.22 33.33 14.00 22.89 15.44 1.11 33.19 0.48 1.7

OVERALL AVERAGE

(Refinery) 73.67 28.18 10.93 19.95 14.90 1.12 33.52 0.65 2.07

BR REFINERY

TOWNSHIP 59.63 22.13 5.25 15.88 13.00 0.74 27.81 BDL 0.47



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3.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

The growing population and industrial demands for development and welfare has had an adverse impact on water resource. The current scenario shows that a large population is deprived of access to water and the any source that is accessible is polluted. Among the other factors, industrial activities have a major impact on water environment. The impacts on water environment are inherent part of any major developmental projects in two ways: one is stress on water resources (continuous withdrawal of large quantities of water) and the other is pollution impacts through discharge of effluents. Physical, chemical and biological factors influencing water quality are so interrelated that a change in any water quality parameter may trigger other changes in a complete network of interrelated variables. Selected water quality parameters for surface and ground water resources along with biological indicators within study region have been used for water environment and assessing the impact on it by the project. The existing water resources, both surface and ground water with the corresponding significance are identified within the study area around proposed project of IOCL. The representative sampling locations for surface water and groundwater are selected through reconnaissance of project area to assess the existing (pre-project) status of water quality in the study area. Physico-chemical, nutrient, Oxygen demand, bacteriological and biological parameters having relevance to public health and aesthetic significance are selected to assess the water quality status with special attention to raw water resources and the receiving body of the treated effluent discharge from proposed project. The standard methods prescribed for surface, groundwater and coastal marine water sampling as well as the analytical procedures for individual parameters is followed in this study.

3.4.1 Reconnaissance Survey The River Ganga flows from NW to SE at about 8 km south of Barauni Refinery. The Ganga, being the life-line of the region, its quality and ecology has been attracting the attention of masses and are becoming matter of concern. As the main drainage channel of the region, Ganga receives pollution loads of domestic and industrial waste waters and also agricultural runoff. No treated effluent is discharged into Ganga. All of the treated effluent is being re-used as a make-up in fire water, coke cutting water, cooling tower and for watering plants/shrubs in ecological park and as make up water to eco-ponds. To assess the quality of water in river Ganga intercepted in the study area the water samples were collected at around 10 km radial distance from the site and analyzed by standard test methods. The google earth image of the selected locations for sampling of surface and ground water is given in Figure 3.5. Five locations each for surface water and four Locations for ground water were selected for the study and the details are given in Table 3.10. The test methods used for the sampling and analysis of the water quality parameters are given in Table 3.11. Analytical results on water samples collected in the IOCL study area (May 2016) is presented in Table 3.12.



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Figure 3.5 Water monitoring locations

Table 3.10 Surface water sampling location details

S.No Sampling locations

Sampling code

Geographical coordinates

Aerial distance from the site in

(km)

Direction with respect

to site

1

Baurani

SW1 25°26'53.23"N 86° 0'4.81"E

5.12 WNW

2 Bihat

GW2 25°25'43.77"N 86° 1'26.04"E

2.6 WSW

3 Simariya

GW3 25°24'58.30"N 86° 0'16.54"E

4.5 WSW

4

Papraur Pond

SW4 25°26'6.59"N 86° 2'31.17"E

0.78 WNW

5 Begusari

GW5 25°24'58.35"N 86° 7'46.03"E

5.6 ESE

6 Piprudodraj

SW6 25°31'0.95"N 86° 5'10.71"E

9.3 NNE

7 Harpur

GW7 25°29'20.74"N 86° 0'1.26"E

7.8 NW

8 Ganaga river

SW8 25°27'4.30"N 85°59'9.31"E

6.7 WNW

9. KashaDiara (100 Mtr. Upsteam Of IOC Outfall)

SW9 25°25'1.32"N 87°53'.27"E

5.0 NW

(Source: BS IV Project)



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Table 3.11 Test methods used for sampling and analysis of water quality

S.No Parameter Measured Test Method

1. pH (at 25°C) IS:3025 (Part - 11): 1983 (Reaff: 2006)

2. Electrical Conductivity IS:3025 (Part - 14): 1983 (Reaff: 2006)

3. Color IS:3025 (Part- 4) 1983 (Reaff 2006)

4. Total Hardness as CaCO3 IS:3025 (Part - 21) 1983 (Reaff 2006)

5. Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 IS:3025,1 (Part - 23) 1986 (Reaff 2009)

6. Cadmium IS:3025 (Part 41) 1991

7. Chloride as Cl IS:3025 (Part - 32) 1988(Reaff 2009)

8. Total Dissolved Solids IS:3025:1(Part - 16) 1984 (Reaff 2006)

9. Aluminium as Al IS:3025 (Part - 55) 2003 (Reaff 2009)

10. Chromium as Cr IS:3025 (Part - 52) 2003 (Reaff 2009)

11. Lead as Pb IS:3025 (Part - 47) 1994 (Reaff 2009)

12. Zinc as Zn IS:3025 (Part - 49) 1994 (Reaff 2009)

13. Sodium as Na IS:3025,5(Part - 45) 1993 (Reaff 2006)

14. Temperature IS:3025 (Part - 9) 1983 (Reaff 2006)

15. Chemical oxygen demand as O2 IS:3025 (Part-58)-2006

16. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) IS:3025 (Part - 38)1989 (Reaff 2009)

17. Salinity By calculation using Electrical Conductivity

18. Copper as Cu IS:3025 (Part - 42)1992 (Reaff: 2009)

19. BOD,5 days @200C as O2 5210B APHA22ndEdn 2012

20. Total coliform bacteria (MPN/100ml)

IS:1622 1981 (Reaff: 2009)

21. F-Coli IS:1622, 1981 (Reaff: 2009)



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Table 3.12 Analytical results on water samples collected in the surrounding areas of refinery (May 2016)

S.N

o

Parameters Unit

Drinking

Water

Standards

(IS 10500 :

2012)

Baurani Bihat Simariya Papraur

Pond Begusari

Piprudodr

aj Harpur

Ganaga

river

Barauni

Kasha Diara

(100 Mtr.

Upsteam Of

IOC

Outfall) 1 Source - -

2 Colour Hazen 5 BDL ( DL 0.1) 10

BDL ( DL 0.1)

BDL ( DL 0.1)

BDL ( DL 0.1)

BDL ( DL 0.1)

BDL ( DL 0.1)

BDL ( DL 0.1)

BDL ( DL 0.1)

3 Turbidity NTU 1

8 115 4 30 4 14 BDL ( DL

0.1) 2 3

4 pH -- 6.5-8.5 7.65 6.89 7.17 7.01 7.23 7.07 7.52 7.39 8.3 5 Conductivity µS/cm - 1107 436 939 563 1134 444 807 322 312

Total Suspended

Soilds

mg/l -

20 290 9 75 8 35 BDL ( DL

0.1) 4 12

6 Total Dissolved

Solids

mg/l 500

792 350 716 427 828 344 600 252 213

7 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 200

376 108 408 196 340 152 280 112 119

8 Total Hardness as

CaCo3

mg/l 200

490 170 450 300 560 270 400 170 222

9 Calcium as Ca mg/l 75 92.2 40.1 104 80.2 124 48.1 116 40.1 37.2

10 Magnesium as Mg mg/l 30

62.4 16.8 45.6 24 60 36 26.4 16.8 21.1

11 Sodium mg/l - 41 26 10 11 48 12 18 11 8.5

12 Potassium mg/l - 2 1 1 1 3 0 1 1 2

13 Chloride as Cl mg/l 250 76.5 43 24 24 110 29 43 24 20

14 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 200

61.4 93.8 37.1 48 66.9 34.7 54.7 27.6 27



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(Source: BS IV Project) BDL – Below Detection Limit; DL- Detection Limit; NA- NotApplicable

15 Carbonate mg/l - NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

16 Bi carbonate mg/l - 458.72 131.76 497.76 239.12 414.8 185.44 341.6 136.64 124.2

17 Phosphate mg/l -

0.43 1.74 BDL (DL0.02) 1.97 1.19 1.44 0.37 0.02

0.32

18 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 45

38.4 5.15 1 31.7 8.7 13.65 15.55 47.4 35.6

19 Fluorides as F mg/l 1

8.79 1.77 0.9 5.22 2.6 1.19 BDL ( DL 0.1) 0.55

0.5

20 Cyanide mg/l 0.05 BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

21 Arsenic mg/l - BDL (DL 0.005)

BDL (DL 0.005)

BDL (DL 0.005)

BDL (DL 0.005)

BDL (DL 0.005)

BDL (DL 0.005)

BDL (DL 0.005)

BDL (DL 0.005)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

22 Cadmium mg/l - BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

23 Chromium, Total mg/l 0.05 BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

24 Copper mg/l 0.05 BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

BDL ( DL 0.01)

25 Iron mg/l 0.3 0.056 3.2 0.082 0.248 0.176 0.258 0.106 0.076 0.076 26 Lead mg/l 0.01 BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) 27 Zinc mg/l 5 0.02 0.09 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 28 Manganese mg/l 0.1 BDL

( DL 0.1) BDL

( DL 0.1) BDL

( DL 0.1) BDL

( DL 0.1) BDL

( DL 0.1) BDL

( DL 0.1) BDL

( DL 0.1) BDL

( DL 0.1) BDL

( DL 0.1) 29 Nickel mg/l 0.02 BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) BDL

( DL 0.01) 30 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l -

NA 6.1 NA 5.2 NA 6.2 NA 6.6 7.9

31 COD mg/l - BDL ( DL 4.0) 5.2

BDL ( DL 4.0) 8

BDL ( DL 4.0) 4.5

BDL ( DL 4.0) 4.2

5.1

32 BOD mg/l - BDL ( DL 1.0) 3.1

BDL ( DL 1.0) 4

BDL ( DL 1.0) 2.1

BDL ( DL 1.0) 2.4

2.8


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Inference The analysis of water results indicate that the average pH ranges in between 6.89-8.3, TDS ranges from 213-828mg/l, Total hardness ranges from 170-560mg/l and DO ranges from 5.2-7.9 mg/l. Drinking water quality – April 2017 Drinking water quality inside the refinery is collected and analysed during April 2017 and the results are given in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13 Drinking water quality (April 2017) inside refinery

SL. No.

PARAMETER UNIT Location

Project Building Near B-71

1 Temperature oC 28.4 27.7

2 Colour Hazen <5.0 <5.0

3 Odour Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

4 Taste Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable

5 pH - 7.09 7.3

6 Turbidity NTU < 1.0 < 1.0

7 Conductivity µmhos/cm 558.00 586.0

8 Total Hardness (as CaCO3)

mg/L 258.00 268.0

9 Calcium Hardnrss (as CaCO3)

mg/L 172.80 152.8

10 Magnesium (as Mg) mg/L 28.60 27.62

11 M-Alkalinity (as CaCO3) mg/L 252.00 254.0

12 BOD (3 days at 27oC) mg/L BDL BDL

13 COD mg/L BDL BDL

14 Ammoniacal Nitrogen (as NH3-N)

mg/L BDL BDL

15 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen TKN (as NH3-N)

mg/L BDL BDL

16 Sulphides (as S) mg/L BDL BDL

17 Sodium (as Na) mg/L 28.6 32.5

18 Potassium (as K) mg/L 1.2 1.6

19 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

mg/L 408.0 358.0

20 Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

mg/L BDL BDL

21 Total Sulphides mg/L BDL BDL

22 Oil and Grease mg/L BDL BDL



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SL. No.

PARAMETER UNIT Location

Project Building Near B-71

23 Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 5.9 5.8

24 Chloride (as Cl-) mg/L 36.0 28.0

25 Nitrate (as NO3) mg/L 14.7 14.6

26 Sulphate (as SO42-) mg/L 32.6 42.0

27 Total Silica (as SiO2) mg/L BDL BDL

28 Phosphate (as PO43-) mg/L BDL BDL

29 Fluoride (as F-) mg/L 0.26 0.38

30 Iron (as Fe) mg/L 0.30 0.16

31 Zinc (as Zn) mg/L 0.2 0.3

32 Total Colifrom Count/100 ml Absent Absent

33 E. Coli Count/100 ml Absent Absent

3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The current status of noise environment within 10 km radius of the project site was assessed through identification of major noise sources, receptors etc. 3.5.1 Reconnaissance Survey A reconnaissance survey was conducted with a view to establish the baseline status of the environment with respect to noise levels in the study area.

A primary survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering the location of industry, residential area, highways and institutional areas. The noise monitoring locations are shown in Table 3.14 and Figure 3.6. The prevailing ambient noise levels were monitored using precision noise level meter in and around 10Km distance in 8 locations during May-June 2016 are presented in Table 3.15 with noise standards notified by MoEF&CC.



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Figure 3.6 Noise Monitoring locations

Table 3.14 Details of noise monitoring locations

S.No Location

Code Sampling Station

Geographical Coordinates

Direction With

respect to project site

Distance with respect to

project site in Km

1. NL1 IOCL Gtae No1 25°25'34.72"N 86° 3'41.21"E

- -

2. NL2 Zero Mile Thana Bihet

25°26'40.58"N 86° 1'41.39"E

2.66 NW

3. NL3 Simariya Thana 25°24'11.40"N 86° 1'3.75"E

3.8 WSW

4. NL4 Ramdhri Police Thana

25°23'50.04"N 86° 7'28.63"E

5.5 ESE

5. NL5 Power House Begusarai

25°25'31.51"N 86° 7'43.61"E

5.9 E

6. NL6 PipraDodraj 25°27'45.02"N 85°59'17.00"E

8.8 NNE

7. NL7 Papraur Pond 25°26'9.42"N 86° 2'22.69"E

0.81 WNW

8. NL8 Barauni RCD 25°27'45.02"N 85°59'17.00"E

6.8 NW




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Table 3.15 Noise Monitoring Results

Inference: From the results, it can be inferred that the Leq day time noise levels varied between 60.4 to 40 dB (A) across the sampling stations and Leq night time noise levels varied from 57.8 to 34.2 dB(A) across the sampling stations. The field observations during the study period indicate that the ambient noise levels in the study area are slightly higher than the standards as per The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, notified by MoEFCC. Recent Noise data collected by Barauni refinery Barauni refinery has collected noise data at various locations surrounding refinery. The same is given in Table 3.16. All values are found within the limit.

Table 3.16 Noise data collected at various locations inside refinery

S.No.

LOCATIONS

DAY NIGHT

Min dB(A)

Max dB(A)

Leq dB(A)

Min dB(A)

Max dB(A)

Leq dB(A)

1 GATE NO. 1 66.7 70.7 69.7 51.8 57.5 56.5

2 GATE NO. 2 59.9 69.2 68.3 55.3 61.1 59.7

3 BIO –TREATMENT PLANT GATE

72.2 77.1 74.8 69.7 71.2 71.0

4 BIO –TREATMENT - CONTROL ROOM

65.9 67.4 66.8 63.2 64.1 63.6

5 OIL INDIA GATE (NEAR GOVINDPUR VILLAGE)

62.7 64.9 63.4 54.6 56.4 55.4

6 GATE NO. 10 63.7 66.2 65.1 57.3 61.1 59.5

S.No Location

Noise level Leq in dB(A)

Noise Standards in

Leq dB(A) Area

Day Night Day Night

1. IOCL Gtae No1 60.4 57.8 75 70 Industrial

2. Zero Mile Thana Bihet 56.0 45.6 55 45 Residential area

3. Simariya Thana 50.4 43.5 55 45 Residential area

4. Ramdhri Police Thana 43.6 34.4 65 60 Commercial area

5. Power House Begusarai 47.2 36.2 55 45 Residential area

6. Pipra Dodraj 42.6 40.7 65 60 Commercial area

7. Papraur Pond 55.3 35.2 55 45 Residential area

8. Barauni RCD 40.0 34.2 55 45 Residential area



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S.No.

LOCATIONS

DAY NIGHT

Min dB(A)

Max dB(A)

Leq dB(A)

Min dB(A)

Max dB(A)

Leq dB(A)

7 RFCCU SITE CLOSE TO THE BOUNDARY

63.4 64.5 63.1 57.9 61.8 59.1

8 SRU SITE CLOSE TO THE BOUNDARY

63.6 67.1 65.3 57.3 61.1 58.8

9 CISF COLONY 57.7 62.8 60.4 52.2 53.1 52.7

10 NEAR BURROW PIT 65.6 67.9 66.6 55.7 59.2 57.4

3.6 SOIL ENVIRONMENT To examine the impacts of industrial/urban activities on the soils in the area, the physicochemical characteristics of soils within the study area have been analyzed by obtaining soil samples from selected points. Five sampling stations were selected for studying soil characteristics, the locations of which are depicted in Figure 3.7. Stations are well spread over the study area which would accord an overall idea of the soil characteristics within the study area. A number of parameters were determined which were indicative of physical, chemical and fertility characteristics. The physico-chemical characteristics of the soils in the study area, as obtained from the analysis of the soil samples, collected once during May- June, 2016 are presented in Table 3.17.

Figure 3.7 Soil Monitoring Locations



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Table 3.17 Details of soil monitoring locations

S.No.

Sample Code

Sampling Locations

Geographical Coordinates

Direction with

respect to Project

Site

Aerial distance

from project

site in Km

1. S1 Barauni 25°26'53.23"N

86° 0'4.81"E

5.12 WNW

2. S2 PipraDodraj 25°31'0.95"N

86° 5'10.71"E

9.3 NNE

3. S3 Harpur (out of Refinary)

25°29'20.74"N

86° 0'1.26"E

7.8 NW

4. S4 Simariya 25°24'58.30"N

86° 0'16.54"E

4.5 WSW

5. S5 Bihat 25°25'43.77"N

86° 1'26.04"E

2.6 WSW


3.6.1 Soil Characterstics

Physical Characteristics The soils of all the locations shall be classified as silty or clay loam categories. It is observed that all the locations have more or less the same bulk density in the 1.03 - 1.13 g/cm range. Chemical Characteristics The soils were observed to be slightly alkaline (pH range 7.49-8.01). This is probably due to excess of oxides and hydroxides of basic metals, particularly calcium and magnesium. It is observed that the concentrations of Calcium, Magnesium and Potassium are found to vary in the ranges of 0.1-0.2 % 0.05-0.12% and 0.08-0.16 kg/hec respectively. Electrical conductivity (EC) is moderate, varying between 61 - 124µmhos/cm. soil analysis results are given in Table 3.18.

Table 3.18 Soil Analysis results

S.No Parameters Unit Simariya

(S1) Barauni

(S2) Bihat (S3)

Harpur (S4)

Pipradodraj (S5)

1 Color Brown Brown Brown Brown Brown

2 Soil Texture Silty Clay Loam Silt Loam Clay Clay Silty Clay

3 Sand % 10 8 26 19 8

4 Silt % 55 67 28 16 44

5 Clay % 35 25 46 65 48



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S.No Parameters Unit Simariya

(S1) Barauni

(S2) Bihat (S3)

Harpur (S4)

Pipradodraj (S5)

6 pH (1:2) 7.87 7.56 7.49 8.01 7.93

7 Electrical Conductivity (1:2)

µmhos/cm 93 61 68 124 94

8 Infiltration rate

cm/hr 1.21 1.08 1.02 1.02 1.03

9 Bulk density gm/cc 1.03 1.04 1.13 1.07 1.05

10 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC)

meq/100 gm

23.9 13.9 21.9 35.2 23.9

11 Moisture Content

% 13.8 4.9 12.8 14.5 14.6

12 Water Holding capacity

%

36 34 48 44 38

13 Organic Carbon

% 1.74 0.861 0.717 0.958 0.896

14 Organic matter

% 2.99 1.48 1.24 1.01 1.54

15 Nitrogen as N

kg/hec 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04

16 Phosphorous

kg/hec 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.1 0.05

17 Potassium kg/hec 0.16 0.12 0.11 0.16 0.08

18 Calcium % 0.12 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2

19 Magnesium % 0.12 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06

20 Boron mg/Kg 1.12 1.05 1.18 1.23 1.15

21 Cadmium mg/Kg NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

22 Copper mg/Kg 5 9 6 4 3

23 Chromium mg/Kg 0.28 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.12

24 Iron mg/Kg 28050 28400 19350 21550 25500

25 Lead mg/Kg 4 10 BDL BDL 7

26 Manganese mg/Kg 1.14 2.6 1.4 2.1 0.98

27 Zinc mg/Kg 13.5 23.2 11.9 10.01 9.8




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3.7 LAND USE AND LAND COVER CLASSIFICATION

Land use information of an area in the form of map and statistical data are very vital for spatial analysis, planning, management and utilization of land for agriculture, forestry, urban and industrial planning. The level of spatial classification is classed under 4 categories:

• Level 1-1:1 million scale, • Level 2- 1:250,000 scale, • Level 3-1:50,000 scale, • Level 4-1:25,000 or larger scale.

An analysis of the land use within the study area Figure 3.8 indicates a growth of 66.56% in the area under settlements (towns, villages) and hutments. The study indicates a growth of 35.42% in the area under hutments and a growth of 137.09% in the area under settlements (towns and villages). The changes in the land use seem to be the effects of sedimentation in flood prone areas and the growth of population around the establishments that constitute the backward and forward linkages to Barauni Refinery and the Refinery itself. The study as such may help application of appropriate land use controls to ensure an environmentally suitable and sustainable existence of the refinery and its hinterland.

Figure 3.8 Land Use Pattern around Barauni Refinery



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3.7.1 Landuse Details The proposed project is planned within the existing facility. There are no major changes in land distribution. Total plot area of the refinery including BTP is 887.83 acres. The land use pattern around 10 km area from refinery is as shown in Table 3.19.

Table 3.19 Details of Land Use surring 10 km radius of the refinery

Following LULC classes are available in the selected area. The approximate area distribution of each class (clipped area) is shown below:

Land Use Land Coverage (LULC) Class

Area (Sq. Km.) Percentage (%)

Cropland 167.43 52.47

Urban 49.29 15.45

Fallow land 30.91 9.69

Rural 25.35 7.94

River/ Stream/ Canals 24.16 7.57

Plantation 9.59 3.01

Scrub land 6.08 1.91

Inland Wetland 3.95 1.24

Deciduous 1.46 0.46

Reservoirs/ Lakes/ Ponds

0.89 0.28

3.8 Biological Environment

Ecological studies are one of the important aspects of Environmental Impact Assessment with a view to conserve environmental quality and biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter-relationships between biotic and abiotic components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprise of both plant and animal communities, which interact not only within and between themselves but also with the abiotic components viz. physical and chemical components of the environment. Generally, biological communities are good indicators of climatic and edaphic factors. Studies on biological aspects of ecosystems are important in Environmental Impact Assessment for safety of natural flora and fauna. The biological environment includes terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The animal and plant communities co-exist in a well-organized manner. Their natural settings can get disturbed by any externally induced anthropological activities or by naturally occurring calamities or disaster. So, once this setting is disturbed, it sometimes is either practically impossible or may take a longer time to come back to its original state. Hence changes in the status of flora and fauna are an elementary requirement of



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Environmental Impact Assessment studies, in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity. Information on flora and fauna was collected within the study area.

3.8.1 Forest This district does not comprise of any forest. In contrast to the eastern portions of the old

district of Munger, this district lying south to the Ganga does not comprise of any forest of sal and other large trees. At most of the places, there are gardens of mango and litchi. Chakmuzaffar a village of Naokothi block is famous for banana. Apart from these, Babul, Neem, Guava, Lemon, Gamahar, Peepal, Bamboo, shirish are also found. Shisham is one of the most important ones of them.

3.8.2 Cropping Pattern Agriculture is the mainstay here. 88.33% people depend upon agriculture. Main cash

crops of the district are oilseeds, tobacco, jute, potato, red chilies, tomato and andi. Various vegetables are grown in the surrounding areas for consumption. The list of crops and vegetables are shown below.

Table 3.20 List of crops and vegetables grown in surrounding areas of refinery

Sl.No Botanical Name Vernacular Name

1. Oryza sativa Paddy

2. Triticum sativam Wheat

3. Saccharum officinarum Sugar cane

4. Cajanus indicus Arahar

5. Brassica nigra Mustard

6. Ricinus communis Castor

7. Zea mays Maize

8. Cicer aeriatinum Bengal grame

9. Pisum sativum Peas

10 Lens esculanta Massor

11 Solanum melongena Brinjil

12. Solanum tuberosum Potato

13. Lycopersicum esculentus Tommato

14. Capsicum frutenus Chilie

15. Raphanus satisvus Radis

16. Brassica olerracea Cauliflower

17. Trichosanthes diocia Parwal

18. Carcia papaya papaya

19. Musa sapientum Banana

20. Momordica charantia Karaila

21. Daccus carota Carrot

22. Ipomea batata Sweet potata

23. Cucumis melo Kakri

24. Hibiscus esculantus Ladies finger

25. Cucurbita maxima Kaddoo



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26. Moringa oleigera Drumstick

27. Allium cepa Onion

28. Spinacea oleracea Spinach

3.8.3 Methodology – Flora & Fauna

Floral diversity The study was aimed at enumeration of the available plant resources and obtaining a broad representation of the existing floristic variations in and around the proposed project site. The site was surveyed through random sampling and the floristic diversity was enumerated. All floral elements encountered in the field were photographed. All the species encountered were identified with the help of local authenticate published flora. Faunal diversity Random walk and opportunistic observations were used for documenting the birds. With the aid of a pair of binoculars the bird sampling were carried out during morning (06:00 to 10:00 hrs) and evening (17:00 to 19:00 hrs) hours. Point count methods were used for enumerating the avifauna in mudflat areas. Birds were monitored by road transects up to 200 metres distance to obtain information on population. Data on fishes were collected from secondary sources and interview with fisher folk of the area. During the present study period, both direct and indirect methods (tracks & signs and visual encounter survey) were used to document the mammals occurring in the area. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method was followed for the survey of the herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles) in the study area during the present study. VES is a method in which field personnel walk through an area or habitat for a prescribed time period systematically searching for animals.

3.8.4 Floral diversity

The area falling under the 10 km radial distance is surrounded by both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Diverse systems such as cultivated lands, orchards, wetlands and human habitation were present in the study area that supported diverse floral species. A total of 255 species of plants (including wild, ornamental and cultivated plants) belonging 64 plant families were documented and identified in the 10 km radial distance from the proposed project sites of the study area. The identified plant species with scientific name, family, habit, habitat and type are given in Table 3.21.



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Table 3.21 Distribution of plants in the study area and its surrounding

Sl. No.

Plant Name Family Habit Habitat Type

1 Abrus precatorius L. Fabaceae Straggler Terrestrial Wild

2 Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Malvaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

3 Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn ex Benth.

Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Exotic

4 Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Exotic

5 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

6 Acacia torta (Roxb.) Craib Fabaceae Straggler Terrestrial Wild

7 Acalypha indica L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

8 Acanthospermum hispidum DC. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

9 Achras sapota Linn. Sapotaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

10 Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

11 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa Rutaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

12 Aeluropus lagopoides (Linn.) Trin. ex Thw.

Poaceae Grass Semi-aquatic

Wild

13 Ailanthus excelsa Roxb. Simaroubaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

14 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Willd. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

15 Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. Aloeaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

16 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

17 Alternanthera paronychioides A. St.-Hilaire

Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

18 Alternanthera pungens Kunth Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

19 Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R.Br. ex DC.

Amaranthaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

20 Alternanthera tenella Colla. Amaranthaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

21 Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

22 Alysicarpus rugosus DC. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

23 Amaranthus spinosus L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

24 Amaranthus viridis L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

25 Ammannia baccifera Linn. Lythraceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

26 Anacardium occidentale L. Anacardiaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

27 Andropogon pumilus Roxb. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

28 Anisomeles indica (L.) Kuntze Lamiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

29 Anisomeles malabarica (L.) R. Br. ex Sims.

Lamiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

30 Annona squamosa L. Annonaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

31 Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb.) Miq.

Rubiaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

32 Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Herb Terrestrial Exotic



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33 Aristida adscensionis L. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

34 Aristida setacea Retz. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

35 Aristolochia indica L. Aristolochiaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

36 Asparagus racemosus Willd. Asparagaceae Straggler Terrestrial Wild

37 Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Meliaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

38 Azima tetracantha Lam. Salvadoraceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

39 Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. Balanitaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

40 Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

41 Barleria prionitis L. Acanthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

42 Bassia latifolia Roxb. Sapotaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

43 Bauhinia purpurea L. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

44 Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

45 Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

46 Blainvillea acmella (L.) Philipson Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

47 Blepharis maderaspatensis (L.) Heyne ex Roth

Acanthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

48 Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth Acanthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

49 Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

50 Boerhavia erecta L. Nyctaginaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

51 Bombax ceiba L. Bombacaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

52 Bougainvillea spectabilis Comm. ex. Juss.

Nyctaginaceae Straggler Terrestrial Ornamental

53 Breynia retusa (Dennst.) Alston Euphorbiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

54 Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C.B. Clarke

Cyperaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

55 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

56 Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. Apocynaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

57 Capsicum annum L. Solanaceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

58 Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Sapindaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

59 Careya arborea Roxb. Barringtoniaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

60 Carica papaya L. Caricaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

61 Cassia fistula L. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

62 Cassia siamea Lam. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

63 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. Bombacaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

64 Celosia argentea L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

65 Cenchrus ciliaris L. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

66 Chloris barbata Sw. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

67 Chloris dolichostachya Lagasca Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

68 Chloris tenella Koen. ex Roxb. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

69 Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Asteraceae Shrub Terrestrial Exotic



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Robinson

70 Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

71 Cleome monophylla L. Capparidaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

72 Cleome viscosa L. Capparidaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

73 Clitoria ternatea L. Fabaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

74 Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Cucurbitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

75 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) Diels Menispermaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

76 Combretum albidum G.Don Combretaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

77 Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

78 Commelina longifolia Lam. Commelinaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

79 Convolvulus arvensis L. Convolvulaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

80 Corchorus aestuans L. Tiliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

81 Corchorus trilocularis L. Tiliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

82 Cordia dichotoma G. Forst. Boraginaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

83 Cordia myxa L. Boraginaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

84 Crotalaria pallida Dryand. var. pallida(G.Don) Polhill

Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

85 Croton bonplandianum Baill. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

86 Cucumis melo L. Cucurbitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

87 Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Convolvulaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

88 Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

89 Cyperus articulatus L. Cyperaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

90 Cyperus difformis L. Cyperaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

91 Cyperus iria L. Cyperaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

92 Cyperus rotundus L. Cyperaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

93 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

94 Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

95 Datura metal L. Solanaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

96 Delonix elata (L.) Gamble Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

97 Delonix regia (Boj. ex Hook) Rafin. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

98 Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. Fabaceae Climber Semi-aquatic

Wild

99 Derris trifoliata Lour. Fabaceae Climber Semi-aquatic

Wild

100 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn.

Fabaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

101 Dicoma tomentosa Cass. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

102 Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) Jeffrey Cucurbitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

103 Dolichandrone spathacea (L.f.) K.Schum.

Bignoniaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted



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104 Echinochloa colona (L.) Link Poaceae Grass Semi-aquatic

Wild

105 Echinops echinatus Roxb. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

106 Eclipta prostrata (L.) L. Asteraceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

107 Elaeocarpus serratus L. Tiliaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

108 Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

109 Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud.

Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

110 Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin. Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

111 Eucalyptus teriticornis Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

112 Euphorbia hirta L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

113 Euphorbia nivulia L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

114 Euphorbia rosea Retz. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

115 Euphorbia thymifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

116 Euphorbia tirucalli L. Euphorbiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

117 Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Convolvulaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

118 Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. Convolvulaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

119 Ficus arnottiana Miq. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

120 Ficus benghalensis L. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

121 Ficus microcarpa var. microcarpa L.f.

Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

122 Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

123 Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

124 Fimbristylis argentea (Rottb.) Vahl. Cyperaceae Herb Aquatic Wild

125 Fimbristylis dichotoma (L.) Vahl. Cyperaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

126 Fimbristylis ovata (Burm. F.) Kern. Cyperaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

127 Gloriosa superba L. Colchicaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

128 Gmelina arborea Roxb. Verbenaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

129 Gomphrena serrata L. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

130 Goniogyna hirta (Willd.) Ali Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

131 Grewia tiliifolia Vahl. Tiliaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

132 Grewia villosa Willd. Tiliaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

133 Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Schult.

Asclepiadaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

134 Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lam. Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

135 Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

136 Helicteres isora L. Sterculiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

137 Heliotropium curasavicumL. Boraginaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

138 Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. Asclepiadaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild



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139 Heteropogon contortus (L.) P.Beauv Poaceae Grass Terrestrial Wild

140 Holarrhena pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. ex G.Don

Apocynaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

141 Holoptelea integrifolia (Roxb.) Planch.

Ulmaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

142 Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. Lamiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

143 Indigofera caerulea Roxb. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

144 Indigofera linifolia (L.f.) Retz. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

145 Indigofera linnaei Ali Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

146 Indoneesiella echioides (L) Nees. Acanthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

147 Ipomoea alba L. Convolvulaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

148 Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. Convolvulaceae Climber Aquatic Wild

149 Ipomoea carnea Jacq. Convolvulaceae Shrub Aquatic Wild

150 Ipomoea hederifolia L. Convolvulaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

151 Ipomoea pes-tigridis L. Convolvulaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

152 Ixora coccinea Rubiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

153 Jasminum scandens Vahl Oleaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

154 Jatropha gossypifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

155 Justicia adhatoda L. Acanthaceae Shrub Terrestrial Ornamental

156 Justicia betonica Linn. Acanthaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

157 Lagascea mollis Cav. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

158 Lagerstroemia microcarpa Hance Lythraceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

159 Lagerstroemia reginae Roxb. Lythraceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

160 Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr.

Anacardiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

161 Lantana camara L. Verbenaceae Shrub Terrestrial Exotic

162 Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.) Schultz-Bip.ex Kuntze

Asteraceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

163 Lawsonia inermis L. Lythraceae Shrub Terrestrial Planted

164 Leea indica (Burm.f) Merr. Vitaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

165 Litchi chinensis L. Sapindaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

166 Leucaena leucocephala (L.) Gills Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Exotic

167 Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link Lamiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

168 Ludwigia perennis L. Onagraceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

169 Ludwigia peruviana (L.) Hara Onagraceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

170 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

171 Maytenus emarginata (Willd.) Ding Hou

Celastraceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

172 Merremia tridentata (L.) Hall.f. Convolvulaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

173 Millingtonia hortensis L.f. Bignoniaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental



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174 Mimosa hamata Willd. Fabaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

175 Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

176 Mitragyna parvifolia (Roxb.) Korth. Rubiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

177 Momordica dioica Roxb. ex. Willd. Cucurbitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

178 Morinda pubescens J.E. Smith. Rubiaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

179 Moringa oleifera Lam. Moringaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

180 Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC. Fabaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

181 Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Roem. Cucurbitaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

182 Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Rutaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

183 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack Rutaceae Shrub Terrestrial Ornamental

184 Musa paradisiaca L. Musaceae Shrub Terrestrial Cultivated

185 Nothapodytes foetida (Wight) Sleumer Icacinaceae

Tree Terrestrial Wild

186 Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Oleaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

187 Ocimum canum Sims. Lamiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

188 Oldenlandia umbellata L. Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

189 Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. Cactaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

190 Parthenium hysterophorus L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Exotic

191 Pavonia odorata Willd. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

192 Pavonia procumbens (Wall ex Wight & Arn.) Walp.

Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

193 Pavonia zeylanica (L.) Cav. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

194 Pedalium murex L. Pedaliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

195 Peltophorum pterocarpum (DC.) Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

196 Pergularia daemia (Forrsk.) Chiov. Asclepiadaceae Climber Terrestrial Wild

197 Peristrophe bicalyculata (Forssk.) Brummitt.

Acanthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

198 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb. Arecaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

199 Phyllanthus emblica L. Euphorbiaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

200 Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

201 Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Euphorbiaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

202 Phyllanthus urinaria L. Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

203 Physalis minima Linn. Solanaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

204 Pithecellobium dulce (Roxb.) Benth. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

205 Plumeria alba L. Apocynaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

206 Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

207 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonner.) Thw. Annonaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

208 Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. Caryophyllaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

209 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

210 Portulaca oleracea L. Portulacaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild



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211 Portulaca quadrifida L. Portulacaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

212 Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

213 Punica granatum L. Punicaceae Tree Terrestrial Cultivated

214 Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

215 Quisqualis indica L. Combretaceae Climber Terrestrial Ornamental

216 Salicornia brachiata Miq. Chenopodiaceae Shrub Semi-aquatic

Wild

217 Sapindus emarginatus Vahl. Sapindaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

218 Scoparia dulcis L. Scrophulariaceae Herb Semi-aquatic

Wild

219 Sebastiania chamaelea (L.) Muell.-Arg.

Euphorbiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

220 Senna alata (L.) Roxb. Fabaceae Shrub Terrestrial Ornamental

221 Senna auriculata (L.) Roxb. Fabaceae Shrub Terrestrial Wild

222 Senna occidentalis (L.) Link Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

223 Senna tora (L.) Roxb. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

224 Sesbania sesban (Jacq.) W.Wight Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

225 Sida acuta Burm.f. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

226 Sida cordata (Burm. f.) Borss. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

227 Sida cordifolia L. Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

228 Sida rhombifolia L. var. rhombifolia Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

229 Solanum surattense Burm. f. Solanaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

230 Sonchus oleraceus L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

231 Spermacoce hispida L. Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

232 Spermacoce ocymoides Burm.f. Rubiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

233 Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze Scrophulariaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

234 Strychnos nux-vomica L. Strychnaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

235 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

236 Tamarindus indica L. Fabaceae Tree Terrestrial Planted

237 Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

238 Tephrosia villosa (L.) Pers. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

239 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.ex DC.) Wight & Arn.

Combretaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

240 Terminalia catappa L. Myrtaceae Tree Terrestrial Ornamental

241 Thespesia populnea (L.) Soland ex Correa

Malvaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

242 Thevetia peruviana K.Schum Apocynaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

243 Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

244 Trichodesma indicum (L.) R. Br. Boraginaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

245 Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

246 Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. Tiliaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild



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247 Urena lobata L. subsp. lobata Malvaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

248 Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

249 Vigna mungo (L.) Wilczek Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated

250 Vigna radiata (L.) Verdc. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated

251 Waltheria indica L. Sterculiaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

252 Xanthium indicum Koen. Asteraceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

253 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae Tree Terrestrial Wild

254 Zornia gibbosa Span. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Wild

255 Glycine max (L.) Merr. Fabaceae Herb Terrestrial Cultivated

Habitat wise representation Based on habit types, among the 255 plant species, herbaceous plants were dominant in the study area and was represented with 107 species, followed by trees (73 species), shrubs (30 species) grasses (15 species) and climbers/stragglers with 30 species (Figure 3.9).

Figure 3.9 Habit wise representations of plants from the study area

Endangered plants

Floristic studies were conducted during May, 2017 to know the presence of any endangered/threatened/endemic plant species in and around proposed plant area and surrounding 10 km radius. The study area did not record the presence of any critically threatened species.

Climber 10%

Grass 6%

Herb 42%

Shrub 12%

Straggler 1%

Tree 29%



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3.8.5 National Park/Sanctuary As per Ministry of Environment & Forests Notifications and local forest notifications, there are no wildlife/bird sanctuaries/national parks/ biospheres in 10-km radius from plant site. 3.8.6 Avifauna

A total of 69 species of birds were observed during the present survey in the 10 km radial distance from the proposed project sites. The habitat types of the area include agricultural land, scrub jungle, plantation, seasonal ponds, marshlands and fallow grasslands. The common terrestrial species of the area include Indian Robin (Saxicoloides fulicata), Green Bee-eater (Merops orientalis), Indian Roller (Coracias benghalensis) and Red vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus cafer). The list of avifauna is presented in the following Table 3.22. Indian Peafowl is the only schedule-I species found in the surrounding areas of the refinery. They mostly found in the agricultural lands and scrub forest areas.

Table 3.22 List of birds documented during the study period

Sl.No

Common Name Scientific Name Family Migratory

Status

1 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis Cisticolidae R

2 Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark

Eremopterix grisea Alaudidae O

3 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea

Cuculidae R

4 Asian Paradise-Flycatcher

Terpsiphone paradisi Muscicapidae R

5 Asian Pied Starling Gracupica contra Sturnidae R

6 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceinae R

7 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus Laniidae R

8 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae R

9 Black-headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus Oriolidae R

10 Black-rumped Flameback

Dinopium benghalense Picidae R

11 Black-shouldered Kite Elanus caeruleus Accipitridae R

12 Blue Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae R

13 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus Meropide M

14 Brahminy starling Sturnus pagodarum Sturnidae R

15 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae R

16 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops Upupidae R

17 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae R

18 Common Sandpiper Charadrius dubius Scolopacidae M

19 Common Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae M



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Status

20 Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala

Capitonidae R

21 Domestic Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus

Phasianidae R

22 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto Columbidae O

23 Golden Fronted Leafbird

Chloropsis aurifrons Chloropseidae R

24 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae R

25 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae R

26 Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus

Phasianidae R

27 House Crow Corvus splendens Corvidae R

28 House Sparrow Passer domesticus Passeridae R

29 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus Cuculidae R

30 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus Phasianidae R

31 Indian Pond-Heron Ardeola grayii Ardeidae R

32 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicata Muscicapidae R

33 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis Coraciidae R

34 Indian Silverbill Lonchura malabarica Estrildidae R

35 Indian Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda Corvidae R

36 Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia Ardeidae R

37 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striatus Muscicapidae R

38 Jungle Bush-Quail Perdicula asiatica Phasianidae R

39 Large Egret Casmerodius albus Ardeidae R

40 Little Egret Egretta Garzetta Ardeidae R

41 Oriental Magpie-Robin Copsychus saularis Muscicapidae R

42 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus Motacillidae R

43 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata Muscicapidae R

44 Purple-rumped Sunbird Nectarinia zeylonica Nectariniidae R

45 Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica Hirundinidae R

46 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae R

47 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadriidae R

48 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri Psittacidae R

49 Small Blue Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae R

50 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis Columbidae R

51 Spotted Owlet Athene brama Strigidae R

52 White-breasted Kingfisher

Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae R

53 White-breasted Water hen

Amaurornis phoenicurus

Rallidae R



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Status

54 White-browed Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis

Motacillidae R

55 White-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus Ciconiidae M

56 Little Brown Dove Streptopelia senegalensis

Columbidae R

57 Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala

Psittacidae R

58 Pied Crested Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus Cuculidae R

59 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Cuculidae R

60 Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae R

61 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum Strigidae R

62 Asian Palm Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis Apodidae R

63 House Swift Apus affinis Apodidae R

64 Lesser Pied Kingfisher Ceryle rudis Cerylidae R

65 Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris Bucerotidae R

66 Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus

Tephrodornithidae

R

67 Rufous-backed Shrike Lanius schach Laniidae R

68 Rosy Starling Sturnus roseus Strunidae R

69 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Dicruridae R

Note: R-Resident; M-migratory, O-Occasional 3.8.7 Butterflies

A total of 27 butterfly species belonging to 6 families were recorded during the study (Table 3.23). At family level, the family Nymphalidae is the dominant one with 16 species followed by Pieridae with 4 species, Lycaenidae with 3 species and Papilionidae with 2 species. The family wise distribution of butterflies is given in Table 3.24. Species such as Chocolate Pansy, Common Jezebel, Plain Tiger, Common Crow, and Common Grass Yellow were commonly seen in and around the proposed project site. Crimson Rose, Danaid Eggfly and Common Pierrot are protected under schedule-I of Indian Wildlife Protection Act 1972. Blue Mormon and Crimson Rose are endemic species found occurring in the present study area, the distributions of which are restricted to the Peninsular India and Srilanka (Kunte, 2000).

Table 3.23 List of butterflies in and around the study area

S.No Common Name Scienticfic Name Family

1 Blue Pansy Junonia orithya Nymphalidae

2 Blue Tiger Tirumala limniace Nymphalidae

3 Chocolate Pansy Junonia iphita Nymphalidae

4 Common Baron Euthalia garuda Nymphalidae

5 Common Cerulean Jamides celeno Lycaenidae



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S.No Common Name Scienticfic Name Family

6 Common Emigrant Catopsilia pomona Pieridae

7 Common Grass Yellow Eurema hecabe Pieridae

8 Common Indian Crow Euploea core Nymphalidae

9 Common Jezebel Delias eucharis Pieridae

10 Common Leopard Phalanta phalanta Nymphalidae

11 Common Mormon Papilio polytes Papilionidae

12 Common Pierrot Castalius rosimon Lycaenidae

13 Common Sailor Neptis hylas Nymphalidae

14 Crimson Rose Pachliopta hector Papilionidae

15 Danaid Egg fly Hypolimnas misippus Nymphalidae

16 Glassy Tiger Parantica algea Nymphalidae

17 Gram Blue Euchrysops cnejus Lycaenidae

18 Great Egg fly Hypolimnas bolina Nymphalidae

19 Grey Pansy Junonia atlites Nymphalidae

20 Indian Skipper Spialia galba Hesperiidae

21 Lemon Pansy Junonia lemonias Nymphalidae

22 Peacock Pansy Junonia almana Nymphalidae

23 Pioneer Anaphaeis aurota Pieridae

24 Plain Tiger Danaus chrysippus Nymphalidae

25 Plum Judy Abisara echerius Riodinidae

26 Striped Tiger Danaus genutia Nymphalidae

27 Yellow Pansy Junonia hierta Nymphalidae

Table 3.24 Family wise distribution of butterflies in the study area

Family No of Species

Nymphalidae 16

Pieridae 4

Lycaenidae 3

Papilionidae 2

Hesperiidae 1

Riodinidae 1

Grand Total 27 3.8.8 Amphibians

Based on field observations and the available secondary information, a total of 5 species of amphibians were recorded from the study area as given in the following Table 3.25.



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Table 3.25 List of amphibians recorded in the study area

Sl No Common Name Scientific Name Family

1 Asian Common Toad Bufo melanostictus Bufonidae

2 Common Tree Frog Polypedates maculatus Rhacophoridae

3 Indian Skipper Frog Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis Ranidae

4 Indus Valley Toad Duttaphrynus stomaticus Bufonidae

5 Paddyfield Frog Fejervarya limnocharis Dicroglossidae 3.8.9 Reptiles

Based on field observations and the available secondary information, a total of 15 species of reptiles were recorded from the study area as given in the following Table 3.26.

Table 3.26 List of reptiles recorded in the study area

Sl No Common Name Scientific Name Family

1 Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus Gekkonidae

2 Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis piscator Colubridae

3 Common House Gecko Hemidactylus flaviviridis Gekkonidae

4 Common Indian Krait Bungarus caeruleus Elapidae

5 Common Kukri Oligodon arnensis Colubridae

6 Common Skink Mabuya macularia Scincidae

7 Indian Chameleon Chamaleon zeylanicus Chamaeleonidae

8 Indian fan-throated lizard Sitana ponticeriana Agamidae

9 Indian Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus Colubridae

10 Little Skink Lygosoma punctata Scincidae

11 Oriental Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor Agamidae

12 Spectacled Cobra Naja naja Elapidae

13 Common Trinket Snake Coelognathus helena Colubridae

14 Banded Racer Argyrogena fasciolata Colubridae

15 Common Wold Snake Lycodon capucinus Colubridae

3.8.10 Mammals

There are no major wild animals in the study area of 10 km radius and 10 mammals were recorded in study area (Table 3.27).



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Table 3.27 Mammals recorded in the study area

Sl No

Common Name Scientific Name Family IUCN

Category

1 Bengal Fox Vulpes bengalensis Canidae LC

2 Black-napped Hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae LC

3 Common House Mouse Mus musculus Muridae LC

4 Common House Rat Rattus rattus Muridae LC

5 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae DD

6 Domestic Cat Felis catus Felidae LC

7 Domestic Cattle Bos taurus Bovidae LC

8 Domestic Dog Canis familiaris Canidae LC

9 Jackal Canis aureus Canidae LC

10 Three-striped Palm squirrel

Funambulus palmarum Sciuridae LC

3.8.11 Fishes Eighteen fish species are listed which are mostly found in Ganga river.

Table 3.28 List of Fishes Recorded from Ganga near Barauni


1. notopterus chitala Chital,Moai

2. Notopterus notopterus Moai

3. Gudusia chapra Chapra

4. Setipinna phasa Phasa

5. Barilius bola Dhawai

6. Barilius bendelisis Dhawai

7. Catla catla Catla

8. Cirrhinus mrigala Mirka

9. Cirrhinus reba Reba

10 Labeo bata Bata

11 Labeo calbasu Calbasu

12. Labeo rohita Rohu

13. Puntius chola Pothia

14. Puntius sarana Pothia



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15. Mystus aor Aris

16. Mystus cavasis Tengra

3.9 Socio-economic Environment The district is situated in the central Bihar region and is surrounded on the north by Samastipur district, on the south by Munger and Lakhisarai districts, on the east again by the districts of Munger and Khagaria district and on the west by the districts of Samastipur and Patna. Total area of Begusarai district is 1,918 square kilometer as per census 2011.

Demography: The population of the district is 29,70,541 which consist of 1567660 male and 1402881 female. Social Indicators: Urban Population: 19.2% Decadal change: 26.4% Sex ratio: 895 Sex ratio for age 0-6: 919 Scheduled caste: 14.15% Scheduled tribe: 0.05% Literacy rate: 63.87% Female literacy rate: 55.21% Occupation: Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of the district and also the main source of livelihood of the people. The district is marked by the intensive cultivation of its rich uplands. The land of the district is very fertile and multiple cropping is practiced. Cash crop such as chilies, sugarcane and tobacco are grown here. The variety of crops being cultivated all round the year is due to the richness of the soil. The main food crops of the district are wheat and maize while paddy is grown in some parts. Sugar-cane and horticulture crops are the main cash crop.

Irrigation: The irrigation facility has been enhanced by a number of medium Irrigation schemes, minor Irrigation schemes, irrigation wells and tube wells.



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Livestock: As the agriculture is the main occupation of the district, livestock rearing is predominant in the district. The income of farmers and agricultural labourers can be supplemented by adopting this subsidiary occupation. Industry: There are many ancillary industries in Begusarai district, the main being Indian Oil Refinery at Barauni, Barauni Thermal Power Station, Barauni dairy, Bihar Carbon Pvt. ltd., Neo Carbon Pvt. Ltd., Premier Industries, Graphite India. In the project area, Barauni taluk the major work force involved in non-agricultural activities are termed as other workers. The type of workers that come under this category are all government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers, those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport, banking, mining, construction, political or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. reason This is due to the urban nature of Begusarai and its industrialization. The following table shows the nature of the workers in the district and the taluk.

Table 3.29 Nature of the Workers in the District and the Taluk

Location Cultivators Agri. Labours Household Industries

Other workers

District 15.57 45.93 6.20 32.31

Barauni taluk 9.81 32.98 4.99 52.22

(Source: India Census 2011)

The education infrastructure in rural and urban area is available but the literacy rate is very low in rural areas compared to urban areas. The female literacy rate is low (55.21%), but a remarkable improvement is seen in a decade (35.64% -year 2001). It is observed that there is a steady transformation in the agriculture sector to non agriculture sectors due to non remunerative income from agriculture, education attained by the children of farmers, upcoming industries etc. The irregular employment in agriculture sector leads to migration of labour force to other states. So the skill development is required especially, among women.



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EIA STUDY FOR PROPOSED INDJET PROJECT

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CHAPTER – 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS &

MITIGATION MEASURES



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4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT

In this chapter the likely impacts during construction and operation phases are identified. Further, the impacts are assessed and evaluated considering spatial, intensity, temporal and vulnerability scales. An overall assessment in terms of significance value is derived by integrating all scales. Detailed methodology is given in subsequent sections.

4.1 METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted for assessing the potential positive and negative environmental impacts from the proposed project is described below.

Step 1: Identification of Environmental Impacts All potential releases (emissions to air, generation of noise, effluent discharge, etc.) from the construction & operation phases of the proposed project have been identified. The potential positive and negative environmental impacts from these releases and other activities of the project have been identified. Step 2: Environmental Impact Assessment The Significance (S) of the Environmental Impacts is identified and assessed by the following characteristics:

Intensity (I) of the environmental impact;

Spatial extension (Sp) of the environmental impact;

Temporal duration (T) of the environmental impact;&

Environmental Vulnerability (V) of the impacted area. Determination of Impact Intensity (I): Impact Intensity has been assessed based on the following criteria: H (High):

Emissions/generation of highly pollutant substances, emissions/generation of high quantity of pollutant substances and/or high noise emission.

High consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)

Felling of large number of trees or death of fauna M (Medium):

Emissions/generation of moderately pollutant substances, emissions/generation of moderate quantity of pollutant substances and/or moderately high noise emission.

Moderate consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)

Felling of few trees or physical damage of fauna L (Low):

Emissions/generation of low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of low quantity of pollutant substances and/or low noise emission

Low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)

Damage to few trees or disturbance/ disorientation of fauna



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N (Negligible):

Emissions/generation of very low pollutant substances, emissions/generation of very low quantity of pollutant substances and/or very low noise emission.

Very low consumption of resources (such as energy, water, land, fuel, chemicals)

No measurable damage to flora/fauna Determination of Impact Spatial extension (Sp) and Spatial Criteria (Is): Impact Spatial extension has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (High): the impact extends in a wide area outside the site (about 10 km or more)

M (Medium): the impact extends in a restricted area outside the site (< 10 km)

L (Low): the impact extends inside the site.

N (Negligible): the impact extends in a restricted area inside the site.

The product of Impact Intensity and Impact Spatial extension gives the impact evaluation as per spatial criteria (Is).

Table 4.1: Matrix for Evaluating Spatial criteria

Determination of Impact Temporal duration (T) and Temporal Criteria (It) Impact Temporal Duration has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (Very High): the impact has an important long-term effect (> 5 years)

H (High): the impact has an important long-term effect (1-5 years)

M (Medium): the impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year)

L (Low): the impact has a temporary and short-term effect (1 day – 1 week)

N (Negligible): the impact has an immediate effect and it is solved in a very short time.

The product of Impact Temporal duration and Spatial criteria gives the Impact Evaluations as per Temporal Criteria (It).

HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H

MEDIUM H M M M

LOW M L L L

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N

Impact Spatial extension (Sp)

Impa

ct In

tens

ity (I

)

Impact evaluation as per

SPATIAL CRITERIA (Is)



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Table 4.2: Matrix for Evaluating Temporal criteria

Determination of Environmental Vulnerability (V) and Significance (S) Environmental Vulnerability has been assessed based on the following criteria:

H (High): Particular interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point of view. Parks, natural reserves and / or special areas of conservation. Contaminated areas in which a further impact may generate non-compliance with local environmental limits.

M (Medium): Interesting area from the environmental, historical, social point of views. Residential areas with low population density. Agricultural areas, forests, public parks.

L (Low): Industrial and commercial areas. The product of Vulnerability and Temporal criteria gives the Significance of the impact.

Table 4.3: Matrix for Evaluating Significance

The Impact Significance (S) levels obtained from the above-matrix are defined as follows:

H (High): Causes severe and acute effects to receptors, severe and irreversible deterioration of the quality of environment, and irreversible modification of landscape or of ecological equilibrium.

VERY HIGH HIGH MEDIUM LOW NEGLIGIBLE

HIGH H H H H H

MEDIUM H M M M L

LOW M M L L L

NEGLIGIBLE N N N N N

Impact evaluation as per

TEMPORAL CRITERIA (It)

Imp

act

Is

Impact Temporal duration (T)

HIGH MEDIUM LOW

HIGH H H M

MEDIUM H M M

LOW M M L

NEGLIGIBLE L N N

Impact evaluation as

per VULNERABILITY

CRITERIA

(SIGNIFICANCE S)

VULNERABILITY (V)

Imp

act

It



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M (Medium): Causes moderate effects to receptors, reversible deterioration of the quality of environment, and reversible modifications of landscape or ecological equilibrium.

L (Low): Causes limited effects to receptors, quickly reversible deterioration of the quality of environment, and slight and reversible modification of landscape or ecological equilibrium.

N (Negligible): Causes negligible or no effects to receptors, slight and reversible deterioration of quality of the environment, no measurable changes at landscape or ecological level.

The assessment has been carried out for each of the potential environmental impacts during both construction and operation, and has been discussed in this chapter.

4.2 IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

The environmental impacts associated with the proposed project on various environmental components such as air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna, land, socioeconomic, etc. has been identified using Impact Identification Matrix (Table 4.4).

Table 4.4: Impact Identification Matrix

Physical Biological Socio-economic

Activities

Am

bie

nt

air

qu

ality

Gro

un

d /

su

rfa

ce

wate

r

(qu

an

tity

/

qu

ality

)

Am

bie

nt

no

ise

Lan

d (

lan

d u

se,

top

og

rap

hy

&

dra

ina

ge

, s

oil)

Flo

ra

Fau

na

Liv

elih

oo

d &

occ

up

ati

on

Infr

astr

uctu

re

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Site preparation

* * * * * *

Civil works

* * *

Heavy equipment operations *

*

Disposal of construction wastes *

Generation/disposal of sewerage *

*

Transportation of materials *

*

OPERATION PHASE

Commissioning of Process units, utilities and offsite * * *

Product handling and storage *

Emissions &Waste management – Air, liquid and solid waste

* * *



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4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT 4.3.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Construction activities are anticipated to take place over a period of at least three years from Zero date of Construction. Following mechanical completion, Commissioning and production ramp-up leading to 100% capacity utilization will be achieved in next six months.

Potential emissions sources during construction phase include the following:

Site preparation and civil works

Storage and handling of construction material (e,g. sand, cement) at proposed project site.

Movement of vehicles carrying equipment, construction material and project-related personnel

The impacts are described below:

Dust will be generated from earth-moving, grading and civil works, and movement of vehicles on unpaved roads.

PM, CO, NOx, & SO2 will be generated from operation of diesel sets and diesel engines of machineries and vehicles.

The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.5.

Table 4.5: Impact of air emissions (construction phase)

Factors of assessment

Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Overall quantity of air emission will be of less quantity as the project involves installation of two units and Low consumption of power from DG sets

Spatial Low Impact extends inside the site as the new facilities are within the refinery complex

Temporal Low Long term effect as the construction period spans up to 3 years

Vulnerability Low Refinery is located in industrial area

Evaluation of factors

Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Overall Significance Value of Impact (S)

Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.

Ensuring vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates are used.

Avoiding unnecessary engine operations.


Controlled vehicle speed on site

Ensuring vehicles are covered during transportation of material



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4.3.2 OPERATION PHASE

The SO2 emission from Barauni refinery post BS-IV project is estimated to be 815 kg/hr. There will be an additional release of 0.04 kg/hr (approx. <1 g/s) emissions due to increase in throughput of SRU. The total emission of Barauni Refinery after proposed IndJet Project will remain same i.e. 815 kg/hr. Air pollution modeling was carried out for the proposed new stack in IndJet project along with BS-IV forthcoming stacks. The predicted results for SOx and NOx are given in the following sections.

Air Pollution Modeling

For prediction of impacts for any proposed project vis-a-vis to assess the impacts due to increase in pollution load, in general, contributions from the proposed units is added to the existing back ground AAQ concentrations and predictions are done accordingly.

Once the pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, the dilution and dispersion of the pollutants are controlled by various meteorological parameters like wind speed and direction, ambient temperature, mixing height, etc. In most dispersion models the relevant atmospheric layer is that nearest to the ground, varying in thickness from several hundred to a few thousand meters. Variations in both thermal and mechanical turbulence and in wind velocity are greatest in the layer in contact with the surface. The atmospheric dispersion modeling and the prediction of ground level pollutant concentrations has great relevance in the following activities:

Estimation of impact of setting up of new industry on surrounding environment.

Estimation of maximum ground level concentration and its location in the study area.

The prediction of Ground Level Concentrations (GLC) of pollutants emitted from the stacks have been carried out using ISCST-3 Air Quality Simulation model released by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) which is also accepted by Indian statutory bodies. This model is basically a Gaussian dispersion model which considers multiple sources. The model accepts hourly meteorological data records to define the conditions of plume rise for each source and receptor combination for each hour of input meteorological data sequentially and calculates short term averages up to 24 hours. The impact has been predicted over a 20 km X 20 km area (10 Km from all around centre) with the proposed location of the stack as the centre. Meteorological data plays an important role in computation of Ground Level Concentration using ISCST-3 model. Meteorological data of the project site is another input required for computation of the contribution by the proposed plant. The parameters required are:

Wind velocity and direction

Stability

Mixing height The hourly wind speed, solar insulation and cloudiness during the day whereas in the night, wind speed and cloudiness parameters were used to determine the hourly atmospheric stability Class A to F (Pasquill and Gifford). Data related to wind velocity and direction were generated during the monitoring period. Part of this site specific monitored data have been used as input data of the model during computation.

The hourly occurrence of various stability classes at the project site is also an important input parameter to the model. Further site specific mixing depth (mixing height or



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convective stable boundary layer and inversion height or nocturnal stable boundary layer) is also an important input parameter for computation and assessment of realistic dispersion of pollutants. There are different methods for generating these parameters, but in the present case data published by CPCB in Spatial distribution of hourly mixing depth over Indian region have been used. The above computation is done considering the stack emissions only and does not take into account any changes in the fugitive emission. However, since the fugitive emissions shall be released mainly from near ground sources and are not expected to travel / disperse to a longer distance to reach beyond the plant boundary, they are not expected to have any impact on the ambient air.

Industrial Source Complex Short Term - 3 (ISCST3) Model

The Industrial Source Complex – Short Term Version 3 (ISCST-3) model has been developed to simulate the effect of emissions from the point sources on air quality. The ISCST-3 model was adopted from the USEPA guidelines which are routinely used as a regulatory model to simulate plume dispersion and transport from and up to 100 point sources and 20000 receptors. ISCST–3 is extensively used for predicting the GLCs of conservative pollutants from point, area and volume sources. The impacts of conservative pollutants were predicted using this air quality model keeping in view the plain terrain at and around the project site. The micrometeorological data monitored at project site during study period has been used in this model. The impact on air quality due to emissions from single source or group of sources is evaluated by use of mathematical models. When air pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused into surrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to winds. The air quality models are designed to simulate these processes mathematically and to relate emissions of primary pollutants to the resulting downwind air. The inputs needed for model development are emission load and nature, meteorology and topographic features, to predict the GLCs.

The ISCST-3 model is, an hour-by-hour steady state Gaussian model which takes into account the following:

- Terrain adjustments - Stack-tip downwash - Gradual plume rise - Buoyancy-induced dispersion - Complex terrain treatment and consideration of partial reflection - Plume reflection off elevated terrain - Building downwash - Partial penetration of elevated inversions - Hourly source emission rate, exit velocity, and stack gas temperature

The ISCST-3 model, thus, provides estimates of pollutant concentrations at various receptor locations.

The ISC short term model for stacks uses the steady-state Gaussian plume equation for a continuous elevated source. For each source and each hour, the origin of the source's coordinate system is placed at the ground surface at the base of the stack. The x axis is positive in the downwind direction, the y axis is crosswind (normal) to the x axis and the z axis extends vertically. The fixed receptor locations are converted to each source's coordinate system for each hourly concentration calculation. The hourly concentrations calculated for each source at each receptor are summed to obtain the total concentration produced at each receptor by the combined source emissions.



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In the present study, the micro-meteorological data i.e., wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity and ambient temperature collected by Barauni refinery for the period of March-May, 2017 was used. The source data i.e. continuous stack emissions from different process units have been furnished by the client from the knowledge of the respective process units.

The input data requirements for each source include data specific to the source and its type (whether point, area or volume source). The source-input requirements for running the program are the emission height, location, exit velocity, exit temperature and strength. The receptor data can be given either as polar, rectangular Cartesian or discrete ones. The program control includes options regarding pollutant type, dispersion options, averaging time, flag pole receptor and exponential decay etc.

Stack details for IndJet Project

The details of stack emissions, velocity, temperature etc. for ATF Heater is given below.

Table 4.6 Stack details for proposed IndJet Project

Name of stack

Dia (m) Height

(m)

Flue gas flow rate (NM3/hr)

Exit velocity (m/sec)

SO2 (kg/hr)

NOx (kg/hr)

Feed Heater

0.7 45

3735 7.6 0.14 0.93

Stack details for BS-IV Project

The details of stack emissions, velocity, temperature etc. for BS IV project is given below.

Table 4.7 Stack details for proposed IndJet Project

Name of stack

Dia (m) Height

(m)

Flue gas flow rate (NM3/hr)

Exit velocity (m/sec)

SO2 (kg/hr)

NOx (kg/hr)

New prime G(F 01- 02)

0.73 60 7200 7.62 11.95 3.18

New prime G(F 03)

1.06 60 10800 7.62 9.02 6.72

CCRU 1.01 60 3600 7.62 34.16 6.10

NHTU 0.59 60 10800 7.62 2.71 2.08 Prediction of Emissions Air Quality impact has been predicted based on above physical details of stacks and emissions scenario due to proposed facilities for SO2 and NOX (Refer Table 4.6). The isopleths of the same for the study period are shown in Figures 4.1 to 4.2.

The predicted 24 hourly average maximum concentration for SO2 is 19.7 g/m3. This maximum concentration occurred within the refinery complex. By superimposing the

same on the maximum background SO2 level observed, i.e. 12.8 g/m3, the effective

concentration is not expected to be more than 32.5 g/m3 which is worst case



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scenario and is well within the standard limits for 24 hourly average for

industrial/residential areas i.e. 80 g/m3. Figure 4.1 shows the Isopleths for 24 hour maximum for SO2 respectively.

The summary of resultant GLC’s for SOx is estimated and given below in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8: Resultant GLC (SOx)

Description

Maximum GLC g/m3

Maximum GLC Co-ordinates

(m)

Location from the plant

Centre (m)

Maximum 98 Percentile

Baseline Value (within 10 km

radius) g/m3

Resultant 98

Percentile Value g/m3

Release of emission sources

from stacks

19.7 2000, 2000

In NW direction at

around 2 km from center of

the plot

12.8 32.5

The predicted 24 hourly average maximum concentration for NOX is 5.52 g/m3. This maximum concentration occurred within the refinery complex. By superimposing the

same on the maximum background NOx level observed i.e. 20.9 g/m3, the effective

concentration is not expected to be more than 26.4 g/m3 which is worst case scenario and is well within the standard limits for 24 hourly average for

industrial/residential areas i.e. 80 g/m3. Figure 4.2 shows the Isopleths for 24 hour maximum for NOX.

The summary of resultant GLC’s for NOx is estimated and given below in Table 4.9.

Table 4.9: Resultant GLC (NOx)

NOx (24 hourly maximum)

Description Maximum

GLC g/m3

Maximum GLC Co-

ordinates (m)

Location from the

plant Centre (m)

Maximum 98 Percentile Baseline

Value (within 10 km radius)

g/m3

Resultant 98

Percentile Value g/m3

Release of emission sources

from stacks

5.52 2000, 2000

In NW direction at around 500

m from center of the

plot

20.9 26.4



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Figure 4.1 Air Quality modeling for SOx



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Figure 4.2 Air quality modeling for NOx



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The significance of the impacts of air emissions on ambient air quality during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10: Impact of air emissions (operation phase)

Mitigation measures


Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations.

Provision of Low NOx burners is envisaged in all furnaces.

4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT

4.4.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE During construction phase, raw water will be required for the following purposes:

Civil works ( such as concrete mix preparation, curing etc)

Hydro testing ( of tanks and associated piping)

Domestic use (such as drinking water for workers, washing etc.)

Water sprinkling on site for dust abatement Raw water for construction phase will be met from existing available quantity of existing refinery source. The significance of the impact of raw water consumption on local water resources during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.11.

Table 4.11: Impact of water consumption (construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Low quantity of raw water required for expansion during construction phase and the same will be met from already permitted quantity for Refinery.

Spatial Negligible The impact extends in a restricted area within the site


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Marginal additional emissions due to combustion.

Spatial Low

Marginal additional emissions due to combustion.

Temporal Low

Marginal additional emissions due to combustion.

Vulnerability Low Open area


Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Impact(It) Low

By combining Is and temporal factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1

Overall Significance Value of Impact(S)

Low

By combining It and Vulnerability factors as per methodology given in Section 4.1



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Temporal Medium The impact has a temporary and short term effect i.e. only during construction period

Vulnerability Low Designated Industrial area


Impact(Is) Low By combining intensity and spatial factors

Impact(It) Low By combining Is and temporal factors


Low By combining It and Vulnerability factors

The effluent streams that will be generated regularly during construction stage include the following:

Sewage and grey water from work sites

Cleaning and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area. During construction, waste materials would contribute to certain amount of water pollution. But these would be for a short duration. All liquid waste will be collected and disposed to identified water impoundment within the construction site. Later at frequent intervals the same shall be disposed through tankers using gully suckers to common waste treatment facility.The significance of the impact of waste water generation during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.12.

Table 4.12: Impact of effluent generation (construction phase)

Factors of Assessment Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Releases of low quantity

Spatial Negligible Impact extends in a restricted area inside the site

Temporal Low Restricted to construction period

Vulnerability Low No open disposal, proper collection of wastewater at source and sent to STP for treatment






Mitigation Measures

Monitoring water usage at work sites to prevent wastage.

Operation Phase Impact Evaluation For existing refinery, the allocated raw water quantity is 651 m3/hr. Additional water of 2 m3/hr will be required for the proposed project. Raw water required post expansion will remain same which will be within the allocated quantity of refinery. The impact on water environment during the operation phase of the proposed changes shall be in terms of water consumption and waste water generation due to process activities.



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The impact of water consumption on local resources during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.13.

Table 4.13: Impact of water consumption (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Less quantity of raw water is required for expansion facilities

Spatial Low Sourced from already available approved quantity for existing refinery

Temporal Low Quantity is less

Vulnerability Low Designated Industrial area






There shall be 10 m3/hr of waste water generation (intermittently) from the proposed IndJet facilities which will be treated in the existing Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP). The existing capacity of ETP is 1000 m3/hr which is running below the normal load. The impact of effluent generation during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14: Impact of effluent generation (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Release of low quantity

Spatial Low Sent to existing ETP for treatment and reused or disposed

Temporal Low Release of low quantity

Vulnerability Low Only the treated effluent is disposed in to the sea






Mitigation Measures

Developing the possibility for increasing the amount of treated effluent from existing ETP.



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4.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 4.5.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

During construction phase, civil works such as trenching, foundation casting, steel work, infrastructure construction, mechanical works such as static equipment and rotating machinery installation, building up of piping network, provision of piping supports, and tying up of new facilities with the existing systems etc. are likely to affect the ambient noise level. Also, the movement of heavy motor vehicles carrying construction material, pipes and equipment, loading and unloading activities, and movement of light passenger vehicles conveying construction personnel are likely to affect the ambient noise level, However, these effects are for a short term and of temporary in nature. Construction noise levels associated with typical machinery based on “BS 5228: 1997 Noise and Vibration Control on Construction and Operation Sites” are summarized in the Table 4.15.

Table 4.15: Sound Pressure (noise) levels of Construction Machinery

Item Description Noise Level dB(A) Reference Distance

Earth Movers Front Loaders Backhoes Tractors Scrapers, Graders Pavers Trucks

72-84 72-93 72-96 80-93 86-88 82-94

0.9 m " " " " "

Material Handlers Concrete Mixers Concrete Pumps Cranes (movable) Cranes (derrick)

75-88 81-83 75-86 86-88

0.9 m " " '

Item Description Noise Level dB(A) Reference Distance

Stationary Equipment Pumps Generators Compressors

69-71 71-82 74-86

0.9 m " "

The impact of noise emissions on ambient noise levels are summarized in Table 4.16.



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Table 4.16: Impact on Ambiant Noise (construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Low quantity as the expansion involves for few units

Spatial Low Impact extends inside site

Temporal Low Noise emission is not continuous, occurs only any machinery or DG is operated

Vulnerability Low The site is located at industrial area






Mitigation Measures

Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipments and vehicles. Avoiding unnecessary engine operations (e.g. equipments with intermitted use

switched off when not working). Ensuring DG sets are provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers.


During operational phase of the proposed project, the noise shall be caused due to various rotating equipment viz. Pumps, Compressors & Mixers, etc. The Table 4.15 gives the listing of various noise generating sources along with their design noise level considered.The impact of these noise emissions during operation is summarized in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17: Impact on ambient noise (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low

Release of low quantity as all the noise generating equipments will be provided with enclosures / noise absorbing materials as per present practice.

Spatial Low The impact extends inside the battery limit of the unit.

Temporal Low Release of low quantity

Vulnerability Low The site is located at industrial area








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Mitigation Measures




4.6 LAND ENVIRONMENT

The proposed IndJet project will take place within the existing Barauni refinery and henceforth there will be no change in land use / land cover of the surrounding area.

4.6.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The impact on land environment during construction phase shall be due to generation of debris/construction material, which shall be properly collected and disposed off. However, being the modifications limited to few units and two new units, the generation of such waste shall be minimal. During construction, there will be no routine discharge or activity potentially impacting soils and groundwater.

The impact on land use and topography during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.18.

Table 4.18: Impact on Land Use & Topography (Construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Solid waste generated during the construction period shall be of low quantity as the scrapes and reusable materials are sold out and other waste are disposed off suitably.

Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site.

Temporal Medium The impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year)

Vulnerability Low Limited as only the inert material are disposed off






There is potential for impact on soil quality due to project-related spills and leaks of fuel and chemicals and uncontrolled disposal of wastes and wastewater. Care will be taken to avoid spills and leaks of hazardous substances and all project-related wastes. Littering of sites and areas beyond the site will be controlled. The impact on soil quality during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.19.



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Table 4.19: Impact on soil quality (construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification


Spatial Low The impact extends inside the site.

Temporal Medium The impact has a medium-term effect (1 week – 1 year)

Vulnerability Low Littering of sites and areas beyond the site will be controlled






Mitigation Measures

Restricting all construction activities inside the project boundary.

Ensuring the top soil is not contaminated with any type of spills.

Ensuring any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water drainage.

Developing project specific waste management plan and hazardous material handling plan for the construction phase.


The impact on land environment during operational phase shall be due to disposal of solid and hazardous waste generated during operation of the plant. Catalyst will be generated after every 3 years. The precious metal needs to be recovered after sending to manufacturer. The impacts on soil quality during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.20.

Table 4.20: Impact on soil quality (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification


Spatial Low Wastes collected and stored properly inside the complex till sending to authorized landfill agency

Temporal Low The impact has a short term effect as the waste are sent out every 3 years back to manufacturer

Vulnerability Low Sent to manufacturer








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Mitigation Measures

Logging the details of waste sent back to manufacturer.

4.7 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT 4.7.1 Construction phase Impact Evaluation

The proposed facilities are to be developed within the available area of the existing Barauni refinery. This area is a graded land without any vegetation. The project site does not harbor any fauna of importance. Therefore, the impact of construction activities on fauna will be insignificant.The impacts on flora and fauna during construction phase are summarized in Table 4.21.

Table 4.21: Impact on Biological Environment (construction phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity

Negligible

No clearing of vegetation will be carried out as the construction will take place in the available cleared land and no fauna will be seen in the project site.

Spatial Low

No clearing of vegetation will be envisaged outside the refinery

Temporal Low Restricted to few days

Vulnerability Low

Industrial area / already developed area with very less flora & fauna






Mitigation Measures:

Closing of trenches as soon as possible of construction.

Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic and hazardous waste.

Training of drivers to maintain speed limits.

4.7.2 Operation phase

Impact Evaluation

The impacts due to proposed project activities during operation phase shall be limited. Impacts on Flora & Fauna during operation phase are summarized in Table 4.22.



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Table 4.22: Impact on Biological Environment (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low No additional emissions

Spatial Low Product transport is mainly through pipelines

Temporal Low No additional emissions; noise is limited to battery limit

Vulnerability Low Industrial area






Mitigation measures

Maintain the greenbelt already developed

Plant additional trees during operation phase as per greenbelt development plan 4.8 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT 4.8.1 CONSTRUCTION PHASE The issues need to be addressed during the construction phase of the project including

the effect of employment generation and additional transport requirements on local infrastructural facilities. These are only short term impacts lasting during the construction phase of the project.

4.8.1.1 Employment Generation

The construction phase is expected to span for three years. During this phase, the major socio-economic impact will be in the sphere of generation of temporary employment of very substantial number of personnel. Based upon the information on the construction of other similar plants, it can be observed that the number of personnel needed for the proposed project during the construction phase, average temporary manpower requirement is 200-300 during construction phases. For operation and maintenance of the new facilities, 10 nos. of manpower has been considered for IndJet project. Construction labourers will be hired through local contractor during the construction phase of the proposed plant.

4.8.1.2 Effect on Transport

Transport requirements will arise during the construction phase due to the movement of both the personnel and materials. The site is well connected to direct road and rail network.

(a) Transport of Personnel Transport of the managerial personnel is likely to increase the vehicular traffic on the roads connecting the proposed site to the city. The incremental traffic for the additional people would be about 20 cars.



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(b) Transport of construction materials

The transport of construction materials to the project site will result in increased traffic in the impact area. The constructions of capital intensive structures such as reactors and columns require iron and steel, heavy construction equipment and other construction materials. They will have to be transported to the site using trucks. Roughly, on an average of approximately 15 trucks per day will be needed for transporting the construction materials.

(c) Effect on local traffic The incremental daily traffic during construction phase works out to be about 20 cars per day.

4.8.1.3 Effect on Other Local Infrastructure

The majority of skilled and unskilled labourers are available in the impact area itself, the incremental effect on housing during the construction phase will be minimal. But, during the working hours of the day, the demand for food, water, sanitation and health facilities at the construction site will go up. Though the truck drivers appear to form a floating population, there will be a general flow of this group throughout the duration of the construction phase. There will be an impact on basic necessities like shelter, food, water, sanitation and medical facilities for the truck drivers. The impact of construction activities on socio-economic environment during construction phase is summarized in Table 4.23. Table 4.23: Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (construction phase)

Factors of assessment Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure and other utilities in a phased manner. Also it is considered as a positive impact in terms of employment generation

Spatial Low Impact extends in a restricted area outside the boundary (<1 km). Also this is a positive impact in terms of employment generation.

Temporal Low The impact has an medium term effect (1 week – 1 year). Also this is a positive impact in terms of employment generation

Vulnerability Low Positive impact in terms of employment generation








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Mitigation Measures

Conducting awareness programmes for workers.

Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles

Determining safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy vehicles and machinery.

Determining allowable traffic patterns in the affected area throughout the work week will be made based on community use, include a consideration of the large turning requirements of certain vehicles/machineries that might increase congestion and traffic hazards.

Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever feasible, to minimize flow of traffic.

Minimizing interruption of access to community for use of public infrastructure


Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites

Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for security.

4.8.2 OPERATIONAL PHASE

Operational phase of the plant covers the entire life span of the plant. Hence the impacts of the operational phase extend over a long period of time. These impacts include employment generation, effects on transport and other basic infrastructure. Moreover, all the facilities required for IndJet facilities shall be present in existing Barauni refinery.

Employment Scenario Employment for 10 employees directly and another 10 for additional contract employees for regular maintenance is envisaged during the operation phase.

Effect on Transport

Transport requirements will arise (marginal) due to the movement of both the personnel

and materials. (a) Transport of Personnel

There shall be increase in additional load on traffic due to transport of personnel.

(b) Transport due to movement of materials/products

The products will be transported through pipelines, tankers and railway wagons from Barauni refinery.

(c) Effect on local traffic

The incremental traffic during the operational phase works out to be about 1 bus per day. The impact of these activities on socio-economic environment during operation phase is summarized in Table 4.24.



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Table 4.24: Impact on Socio-Economic Environment (operation phase)


Value of assessment

Justification

Intensity Low Involvement of labour, infrastructure and other utilities in marginal quantities/Nos.

Spatial Medium Impact extends in a restricted area outside the site

Temporal Medium The impact has a medium term effect

Vulnerability Low Open area






Mitigation Measures

o Extending reach of CSR Program o Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles

4.9 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS:

Based on the above evaluation the significance value of impact on various components of environment during construction and operation phases is summarized and is given in Table 4.25.

Table 4.25: Summary of Impact Evaluation in terms of Significance Value

Environmental component Construction Operation

Air Low Low

Water Consumption of Raw Water Low Low

Generation of Effluent Low Low

Land Land use & Topography Low -

Soil Quality Low Low

Noise Low Low

Biological Low Low

Socio-Economic Low Low






CHAPTER – 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SITE






5.0 ALTERNATIVE SITE The proposed IndJet facilities are coming within the existing premises of Barauni refinery at Barauni. All the units are coming in the vacant plot available within Barauni refinery. Additional hook-ups from AVU unit will be carried out. Feed and product tanks required for the proposed project will be installed in designated place. The tentative plot area required is 84 x 47 meters. One option was to remove non-functional tanks and create the space for the unit. Alternatively, a vacant plot adjacent to upcoming Prime G+ unit was available. Considering the ease of supplying utilities and interconnection with feed units AVU-I/II/III, later alternative was considered.

5.1 ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY

A new unit is required to process straight run SKO from AVU I/II/III to manufacture ATF. There are many commercial technologies available in the open market for the purpose viz. UOP Merox, DuPont lsotherming etc. IOCL R&D has also recently developed in-house technology for making ATF by hydro-treatment where M/S ElL is also partner. Considering the in-house development of' new technology and its promotion, it was decided to select lOCL R&D technology for Barauni Refinery as demonstration unit. Thus the new unit is in line with the Govt of India "Make in India’’ policy.

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CHAPTER – 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

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6.0 INTRODUCTION

Monitoring is an essential component for sustainability of any developmental project. It is an integral part of any environmental assessment process. Any development project introduces complex inter-relationships in the project area between people, various natural resources, biota and the many developing forces. Thus, a new environment is created. It is very difficult to predict with complete certainty the exact post-project environmental scenario; hence, monitoring of critical parameters is essential in the post-project phase. Usually, as in the case of the study, an impact assessment study is carried out over short period of time and the data cannot bring out all variations induced by the natural or human activities. Therefore, regular monitoring programme of the environmental parameters is essential to take into account the changes in the environmental quality.

6.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND REPORTING PROCEDURE Development of the programme during the planning process shall be conducted or supported by environmental specialists. However, the implementation responsibility rests with working managers of the organization, who should, therefore, ensure they fully understand and subscribe to the commitments being made. These commitments will include the legal and statutory controls imposed on the operation as well as other corporate commitment to responsible environment management. Barauni Refinery has an Engineering Group to review the effectiveness of environment management system during construction and operational phase of proposed project. The Environment Section is a part of Engineering Group who works for monitoring and meet regularly to review the effectiveness of the EMP implementation. The data collected on various EMP measures would be reviewed by EMC and if needed corrective action will be formulated for implementation. The organogram of HSE ((Health, Safety and Environment) is given below in Figure 6.1. Health, Safety, Environmental and Quality policy of Barauni refinery is attached in Annexure IV. Monitoring shall confirm that commitments are being met. This may take the form of direct measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amounts and concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate or statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological / biological, physical and chemical indicators. Monitoring may include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities or even assessment of complaints.

6.2 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING To ensure the effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, the broad objectives of monitoring plan are:

To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the environmental monitoring programme.

To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment

To suggest improvements in management plan, if required

To enhance environmental quality

To undertake compliance monitoring of the proposed project operation and evaluation of mitigative measure.

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Figure 6.1 Organogram of HSE department of Barauni refinery

6.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Chapter-4 describes the impacts and mitigation measures envisaged during construction phase vis-à-vis the environmental components which are likely to get impacted in case mitigation measures are not adequately followed. In view of the same the environmental components/ indicators which are to be monitored during construction phase are air, water, noise levels, soil and flora & fauna. The air quality (at the project site and ambient air quality in the surrounding nearby villages) will indicate to which extent the mitigation measures are being followed. Similarly the up-stream and downstream surface water quality (w.r.t. project site), will indicate the quality and extent of wastewater from the project site. Likewise the monitoring of ground water, up-gradient and down-gradient of project site will indicate seepage of pollutants in to ground water from the construction site. The noise levels at the project site and surrounding premises has been planned to be assessed to which the construction workers are exposed during construction phase. This will indicate the level of noise mitigation measures being followed during the construction phase. The soil quality at the project site will indicate the pollutant fallout from the construction site. Periodic monitoring of flora and fauna in the project site/surrounding areas will be a sign of increase or decrease in quality and quantity.

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The environmental monitoring programme during construction phase is presented in Table 6.1. The implementation of monitoring will be contractor’s responsibility and the supervision will be done by IOCL Officers.

Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Programme– Construction Phase


Samples

Air

SO2, NOx, CO, PM10&PM2.5,

Benzene (As per

NAAQS 2009 standards)

At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant boundary.

4 (Monthly)

Water

Surface Water: CPCB surface water criteria;

Ground Water: IS:10500

One surface water in the project site per month. Two Ground Water: One Up-gradient and One Down-gradient of project site per month.

1 (SW) 2 (GW)

(Monthly)

Noise Noise Levels

Leq (A) At two locations, one at project site and another is at plant boundary.

4 (Quarterly)

Soil As per

standard practice

At one location, in the project site. Once in Six months.

1

Flora & fauna

As per standard practice

Periodic monitoring quarterly -

6.4 OPERATION PHASE

The components / indicators of different environmental monitoring program are as under.

6.4.1 Monitoring For Pollutants

As stated under Chapter 4, the environmental stresses from pollutants are marginal. Often the range of impact is limited to the plant and in its immediate vicinity, the monitoring schedule is evolved accordingly.

6.4.2 Meteorology Meteorology forms one of the important categories of environment in the area as it directly controls the levels of air quality parameters. Various meteorological parameters like wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity on a continuous basis are collected by third party. The same shall be continued for the proposed project.

6.4.3 Ambient Air Quality

Ambient Air Quality is being monitored regularly in and around the plant by third party. All parameters as per MoEF notification dated 16th November 2009 are monitored at three locations inside the plant. Besides these, 3 nos of online ambient air quality

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monitoring station for measuring 8 major parameters are present inside the refinery. This will continue in future also after the implementation of IndJet project. After the implementation of the proposed project the ambient air shall continue to be monitored as per the directives given by CPCB/ SPCB from time to time.

Stack Emission Continuous on-line stack monitoring analysers for the measurement of SO2 & NOx have been installed at all major stacks of Barauni Refinery for continuous monitoring of emission level. In the proposed IndJet project, the same practice will be continued.

Fugitive emission

Fugitive emissions are being monitored periodically at all the relevant locations at

Barauni Refinery which will be extended to the new locations after the implementation of IndJet project.

6.4.4 Liquid Effluent

Treated effluent is monitored and analysed on daily basis for the parameters required for MINAS. At present, there is no discharge of any waste water outside the plant, which will continue in future also after the implementation of the IndJet project.

6.4.5 Ambient Noise

Noise monitoring is being conducted at several locations inside the plant, which will continue near the proposed project also after the implementation of the same.

6.4.6 Ground Water

Ground water quality is also checked on regular basis to detect any contamination arising out of the solid waste disposal area and the plant area. Monitoring of ground water is being carried out at different locations, which will be extended to the proposed project area after the implementation of IndJet project.

6.4.7 Soil Quality Soil samples from one location in the project site shall be analysed after the

implementation of IndJet project. 6.4.8 Solid/Hazardous Waste Disposal

Hazardous waste generated from Barauni refinery will be disposed as per applicable stipulations of statutory authorities. Periodic surveillance monitoring will be conducted to ensure that the wastes are disposed in the manner as specified by SPCB.

6.4.9 Socio-Economic Development

Barauni Refinery is improving the infra-structure & socio-economic conditions of the region. It is suggested that the plant management under Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) plan will have structured interactions with the community to disseminate the measures planned and also to elicit suggestions from stake-holders for overall improvement for the development of the area.

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The proposed environmental monitoring programme during operation phase is mentioned below Table 6.2. Table 6.2 Proposed Environmental Monitoring During Operational Phase



1 Air Emissions

Stack emissions to be optimized and monitored.

Gaseous emissions (SO2, PM, CO, NOx).

Once in two month

Ambient air quality within the premises of the proposed unit and nearby habitations to be monitored. Exhaust from vehicles to be minimized by use of fuel efficient vehicles and well maintained vehicles having PUC certificate.

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, Benzene Vehicle logs to be maintained

As per CPCB/ SPCB requirement or on monthly basis

Measuring onsite data of Meteorology

Wind speed, direction, temp., relative humidity and rainfall.

Continuous

Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent Possible.

Vehicle logs

Daily records

2 Noise Noise generated from operation of DG set to be optimized and monitored. DG sets are to be provided at basement with acoustic enclosures.

Spot Noise Level recording; Leq(night), Leq(day), Leq(dn)

Once in three months

Generation of vehicular noise

Maintain records of vehicles.

Periodic (during operation phase)

3 Water Quality

Monitoring groundwater quality and levels around refinery

Comprehensive monitoring as per IS 10500

Once in a month

4 Wastewater Discharge

No untreated discharge to be made to surface water, groundwater or soil. The cleaning water shall be routed to nearby ETP.

No discharge hoses in vicinity of water courses.

Once in a month

Take care in disposal of wastewater generated such that soil and ground water resources are protected.

Discharge norms for effluents as per ETP norms

Once in a month

5 Maintenance of flora and fauna

Vegetation and greenbelt / green cover development.

No. of plants species

Periodically

108








6 Health

Regular health check-ups for employees and migrant labourers

All relevant parameters including audiometry

Regular check ups

7 Energy Usage

Energy usage power generation, air conditioning and other activities to be minimized. Conduct annual energy audit for the terminals

Energy audit report

Annual audits and periodic checks during operational phase

6.5 RESPONSIBILITY OF MONITORING AND REPORTING SYSTEM

The overall responsibility of monitoring the above parameters shall lie with the Management. The Environment section shall be responsible for day to day monitoring of effluent, raw water and treated water quality. The ambient air quality, stack emissions, soil, noise and water quality shall be monitored by either third party (approved MoEF/NABL laboratory) or by the EMC. Records shall be maintained for the analysis of raw effluents and treated effluents, ambient air quality data, stack emissions monitoring results, meteorological data and noise levels. These records are not only required for the perusal of the Pollution Control Board authorities but also to derive at the efficiencies of the pollution control equipment as the objective of the project proponent is not only compliance with statutory regulations, but also a serious commitment towards clean environment. The industry shall maintain the records as per the Hazardous waste regulations and EPA regulations and apply for the annual consents for the air and water, and renewal of authorization for the storage of hazardous waste as per Hazardous Waste (Handling & Management) Rules, 1989 and Amendment in 2000. The records of hazardous waste manifest will be maintained. Reporting system provides the necessary feedback for project management to ensure quality of the works and that the management plan in implementation. The rationale for a reporting system is based on accountability to ensure that the measures proposed as part of the Environmental Management Plan get implemented in the project.

6.6 SUBMISSION OF MONITORING REPORTS TO MoEF

As per the requirements, the status of environmental clearance stipulation implementation will be submitted to Regional MoEF office, Ranchi in hard and soft copy in December and June months of every calendar year. These reports will be put up on MoEF web site as per their procedure and will be updated every six months. The pollutants will be monitored and reports will be submitted to SPCB and CPCB respectively, as per the requirements.





CHAPTER – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES





7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

In addition to the main EIA study, Rapid Risk Assessment has been carried out by EIL. The DMP and summary of RRA study are provided below.

7.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION

The Expert Appraisal Committee of Industry-2 exempted the Public hearing is under section 7 (ii) of EIA Notification, 2006 for the proposed IndJet Project.

7.2 EMERGENCY RESPONSE & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

A comprehensive emergency response & Disaster Management Plan is in place vide document No.: BR/HSE/ERDMP/01 (November 2015). This document covers 24 chapters and 26 annexure indicating the following: Classification of Emergencies, Consequences of Defaults Or Non-Compliance, Requirements under Other Statutes, Pre-Emergency Planning, Emergency Mitigation Measures, Emergency Preparedness Measures, Response Procedure & Measures, Emergency Organization and Responsibilities, Infrastructure, Declaration of On-site & Off-site Emergencies, Resource for Controlling Emergency, Demographic Information, Medical Facilities, Evacuation, Information to Public, Roles & Responsibilities of External Agency, Reporting of the Incident, Action after Reporting of Incident, Termination of Emergency, Emergency Recovery Procedure, ERDMP for Pipelines Carrying Petroleum Products, ERDMP for Tank Trucks Carrying Petroleum Products, Integration of the ERDMP with National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Security Threat Plan. ERDMP will be updated after IndJet project.

7.3 RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY (RRA)

RRA study evaluates the consequences of potential failure scenarios, assess extent of damages based on damage criteria and suggest suitable measures for mitigating the hazards. RRA involves identification of various potential hazards & credible failure scenarios for various systems based on their frequency of occurrence & resulting consequence. Basically two types of scenarios are identified spanning across various process facilities; Cases with high chance of occurrence but having low consequence, e.g., Instrument Tapping Failure and cases with low chance of occurrence but having high consequence, e.g. Catastrophic Rupture of Pressure Vessels / Large Hole on the outlet of Pressure Vessels. Effect zones for various outcomes of failure scenarios (Flash Fire, Jet Fire, Pool Fire, Blast overpressure, toxic release, etc.) are studied and identified in terms of distances on plot plan. Based on effect zones, measures for mitigation of the hazard / risk are suggested.

7.3.1 MAJOR OBSERVATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

The detailed consequence analysis of release of hydrocarbon in case of major credible scenarios are modeled in terms of release rate, dispersion, flammability and toxic characteristics, which have been discussed in detail in the report. The major findings and recommendations arising out of the Rapid Risk analysis study are summarized below:





A. Indjet Unit :

From the high frequency failure scenario of 20 mm Leak at Feed Pump (P-001A/B) and stripper bottom pump, the 5 & 3 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances may affect S/S-34, S/S-15 & control room of AVU-I unit. The jet fire radiation intensities of 37.5 kW/m2 and 12.5 kW/m2 may affect S/S-34, S/S-15, control room of AVU-I unit and a part of nitrogen unit. The pool fire radiation intensity of 12.5 kW/m2 may affect S/S-34, S/S- 15, control room of AVU-I unit and part of nitrogen unit. In case of high frequency failure scenario of 20mm leak at Stripper Reflux Pump (P- 002A/B), the LFL hazardous zone may cover S/S-34, S/S-15, control room of AVU-I unit and some part of nitrogen unit. And the 5 & 3 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances may affect control room of AVU-II unit, inspection room, proposed control room and nitrogen storage tanks in addition of previously mentioned facilities.

As per IOCL AVU-I & AVU-II control room is not functional and there is no control facilities or permanent sitting arrangement in these buildings. Also, existing inspection room has been changed to control room for AVU-I and AVU-II. Based on the above following is recommended:

Inspection room (control room AVU-I and AVU-II) to be relocated to a non-hazardous area beyond the explosion effects or to be made of blast proof construction.

Ensure the proposed new control rooms are suitable to withstand the blast overpressure effects.

Provide sufficient number of hydrocarbon detectors within the pump house for early leak detection and develop procedures for stopping of rotating equipment and for quicker inventory isolation in case of loss of containment.

Low frequency credible failure scenarios are modelled and it is observed that in the event of catastrophic rupture of feed surge drum and large hole in stripper column bottom, if realized may cause severe damage to personnel and equipment in the facility and also to the neighboring facilities.


B. OFFSITE:

From the high frequency failure scenario of 20 mm Leak at PCK product Pump, the 5 & 3 psi blast wave overpressure effect distances may affect tank T-802. The jet fire radiation intensity of 32 kW/m2 and 8 kW/m2 may also affect tank T-802. The pool fire radiation intensity of 8kW/m2 may affect tank T-802. Based on the above following is recommended:

PCK product pump discharge piping and associated system shall be at a minimum distance of 45 m from T-802 to protect tank from radiation effects.

Low frequency credible failure scenarios are modelled and it is observed that in the event of Large hole in PCK product tank manifold, ATF product tank manifold, if realized may cause severe damage to personnel and equipment in the facility and also to the neighboring facilities.






(A) General Recommendations

Low frequency failure scenarios such as Feed Surge drum catastrophic rupture, loading arm rupture, large hole at Stripper column bottom etc. (Refer large hole and catastrophic rupture scenarios) discussed in this report shall be considered in formulating disaster management plan of refinery complex.

To enable rapid detection of leak/ fire, flammable gas detector & H2S gas detectors shall be located in strategic location in the facility.

For positively pressurized building, both Hydrocarbon & Toxic detectors need to be placed at suction duct of HVAC. HVAC to be tripped automatically in event of the detection of any Hydrocarbon / toxic material by detector.

In order to prevent secondary incident arising from any failure scenario, it is recommended that sprinklers and other protective devices provided on the tanks to be regularly checked to ensure that they are functional.

Proper checking of contract people for Smoking or Inflammable materials to be ensured at entry gates to avoid presence of any unidentified source of ignition.

It shall be ensured that all the vehicles entering the plant shall be provided with spark arrestors at the exhaust.

Employees and Truck drivers must be well trained and must be aware of the hazards involved in the loading operation.

The critical operating steps shall be displayed on the board near the location where applicable.

Loading operations shall be immediately suspended in the event of leak, a fire in the vicinity, lightning and thunder storm.

Clearly marked escape routes shall be provided in the gantry for ease of escape. Mock drills to be organized at organization level to ensure preparation of the personnel’s

working in premises for handling any hazardous situation. Active fire protection system shall be provided throughout the plant for preventing

escalation of fire. Recommended to use portable HC detector during sampling and maintenance etc.

(B) Mitigating Measures

Mitigating measures are those measures in place to minimize the loss of containment event and, hazards arising out of Loss of containment. These include:

Early detection of an undesirable event (HC/ toxic leak, Flame etc.) and development of subsequent quick isolation mechanism.

Measures for controlling / minimization of Ignition sources inside the operating area. Active and Passive Fire Protection for critical equipment’s and major structures Effective Emergency Response plans to be in place

(C) Ignition Control

Ignition control will reduce the likelihood of fire events. This is the key for reducing the

risk within facilities processing flammable materials. As part of mitigation measure it is strongly recommended to consider minimization of the traffic movement in the vicinity of operating area.





(D) Escape Routes

Ensure sufficient escape routes from the site are available to allow redundancy in escape from all areas.

Ensure sufficient number of windsocks throughout the site to ensure visibility from all locations. This will enable people to escape upwind or crosswind from flammable / toxic releases. Provide sign boards marking emergency/safe roads to be taken during any

exigencies.

(E) Preventive Maintenance for Critical Equipment’s

In order to reduce the failure frequency of critical equipment’s, the following are recommended:

a. High head pumps and Compressors, which are in flammable/ toxic services, are needed to be identified.

i. Their seals, instruments and accessories are to be monitored closely ii. A detailed preventive maintenance plan to be prepared and followed.

b. High inventory vessels whose rupture may lead to massive consequences are needed to be identified and following to be ensured:

i. Monitoring of vessel internals during shut down. ii. A detailed preventive maintenance plan to be prepared and followed. iii. Emergency inventory isolation valves shall be provided for vessel/column

having large inventory and containing flammable/ toxic compound The Complete Risk Assessment Study report is attached in Annexure V.






CHAPTER – 8

PROJECT BENEFITS






8.1 CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL ENERGY SECURITY

India has been witnessing rapid urban and industrial growth in the past two decades, and with the country’s current liberalization policy, this growth is expected to accelerate further. As a consequence of the rapid rate of industrialization in India, petroleum products needs are increasing at an equally rapid rate and the supply-demand gap is widening and steps must be taken to address this issue. The proposed project will result in the supply of increased volumes of environmental friendly petroleum products to meet the energy security of northern and eastern region of the country.

8.2 INCREASED PRODUCTION OF ATF & PCK

Due to rapid growth of demand in India and requirements of Nepal Oil Corporations, as indicated at the different forums, there is requirement to produce ATF from Barauni Refinery. Further, considering the long term view of SKO demand, it is required to utilize potential of converting SKO to ATF as SKO demand may likely to go down with the growth of the region. Installation of new ATF unit will increase the production of ATF and subsequently decrease the ATF demand in this region.

8.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

The proposed project would generate some direct and indirect employment opportunities during construction and operation phases, which will benefit the local people. Also local skilled and unskilled labour will be required during construction and operation phase. Improvement in the overall socio-economic status of the vicinity of project area, in the thematic areas of health, education, livelihood and infrastructure is expected. Social Development is an important component of any project taken by Barauni refinery. An understanding of society is essential in helping people meet their social needs - food, water, shelter, health, knowledge, skills and physical and emotional security. How people define such needs and the priority and value given to them varies tremendously, not only from one country to another, but between different groups of people. A starting point for establishing appropriate and sustainable social services should be an analysis of how individuals, families and communities organise themselves in society to meet their needs as they define them. These facts have been already been noticed by Barauni refinery and some are being focused while carrying out the development programmes in nearby areas. This project will also result in overall environmental quality improvement in this region.






CHAPTER – 9

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN






9.1 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is planning and implementation of various pollution abatement measures for any proposed project. The EMP lists out all these measures not only for the operational phase of the plant but also for the construction phase and planning phase. The EMP is prepared keeping in view all possible strategies oriented towards the impact minimisation. The EMP for the proposed project is divided into two phases i.e. Construction and Operational phase. The planning phase lists out the control strategies to be adopted during the design considerations. The construction and operational phase details the control/abatement measures to be adopted during these phases.

9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AT PLANNING PHASE

Design Considerations Government of India has made many legislations/rules for the protection and improvement of environment in India. Various environmental legislations/rules applicable to the proposed project facilities are given in Table 9.1.

Table 9.1 Indian Environmental Legislation/Rules

Legal Instrument Relevant articles/provisions

The Environment (Protection)

Act, 1986, amended up to

1991

Section 7: Not to allow emission or discharge of

environmental pollutants in excess of prescribed

standards

Section 8: Handling of Hazardous substances

Section 10: Power of entry and inspection

Section 11: Power to take samples

Section 15 – 19: Penalties and procedures

Environment (Protection)

Rules, 1986 (Amendments in

1999, 2001, 2002, 2002, 2003,

2004, March 2008 )

Rule 3: Standards for emissions or discharge of

environmental pollutants

Rule 5: Prohibition and restriction on the location

of industries and the carrying on process and

operations in different areas

Rule 13: Prohibition and restriction on the

handling of hazardous substances in different

areas

Rule 14: Submission of environmental statement

The Air (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act 1981,

as amended upto 1987.

Section 21: Consent from State Boards

Section 37: Penalties and Procedures

MoEF notification dated

November 18, 2009 vide

circular no G.S.R 186(E) for

ambient air quality

National Ambient air quality standards







The Water (Prevention and

Control of Pollution) Act, 1974,

as amended upto 2003.

Section 3: Levy and Collection of Cess

Section 24: Prohibition on disposal

Section 25: Restriction on New Outlet and New

Discharge

Section 26: Provision regarding existing discharge

of sewage or trade effluent

EIA Notification 2006 and

subsequent amendments

Requirements and procedure for seeking

environmental clearance of projects

Noise Pollution (Regulation

and Control) Rules, 2000,

amended up to 2010.

Ambient noise standards and requirements of DG

sets

MoEF notification dated

August 21, 2009 vide circular

no G.S.R 595(E) for Oil

Refinery Industry

Revised standards for Load/mass based

standards for SRU.

MoEF notification dated March

18, 2008 vide circular no

G.S.R 186(E) for Oil Refinery

Industry

Revised standards for emissions or discharge of

environmental pollutants

Manufacture storage and

import of hazardous chemicals

rules 1989 amended 2000

Rule 4: Responsibility of operator



G.S.R 320(E) for Plastic

Waste (Management and

Handling) Rules

Section 8: Responsibility of waste generator



G.S.R 338(E) for e-waste

(Management) Rules

Section 5: Responsibility of producer

MoEF notification dated April

4, 2016 vide circular no G.S.R

338(E) for Hazardous and

Other Wastes (Management

and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2016

Section 4: Responsibilities of the occupier for

management of hazardous and other wastes

Section 6: Grant of authorisation for managing

hazardous and other wastes

Section 8: Storage of hazardous and other wastes

Section 9: Utilisation of hazardous and other

wastes

MoEF notification dated April

8, 2016 vide circular no G.S.R

Section 4: Duities of waste generators







1357(E) for Solid Waste

Management Rules,

2016Solid Waste

Management Rules, 2016

Proposed project shall be designed taking into account the above-referred legislations/rules and as per the directives of Environmental Clearance documents. Besides this the proposed effluent and emission standards will also be compiled for this Project.

During the design stage, all piping and instrumentation diagrams and plant layout shall be reviewed as a part of HAZOP/HAZAN studies to assess the risks involved.

The mitigation measures for the potential negative impacts anticipated from the proposed project and environmental monitored schedule are described in this chapter.

9.2.1 Air environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Low)

Preventive maintenance of vehicles and equipment.

Vehicles with valid Pollution under Control certificates to be used.

Unnecessary engine operations to be minimized.


Controlled vehicle speed on site

vehicle to be covered during transportation of material

Providing dust collection equipment at all possible points

Operation phase (Impact significance: Low)


Monitoring of air polluting concentrations 9.2.2 Water environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Consumption of water - Low)

Sewage and grey water from construction camps and work sites

Cleaning and washing water for vehicle and equipment maintenance area.

During construction phase, used construction water is the only effluent generated due to construction activities and most of the effluent generated will be so small that it will either get percolated to ground or get evaporated.

Construction phase (Impact significance: Generation of effluent - Low)

Monitoring water usage at construction camps to prevent wastage.

Ensuring there are no chemical or fuel spills at water body crossings.

Marginal additional sanitary water will be routed to existing STP.

Usage of existing toilets for construction staff.






Operation phase (Impact significance: Consumption of water - Low, Generation of

effluent - Low)

Tracking of consumption.

Storm water pond is existing to collect rain water

9.2.3 Land environment

Construction phase (Impact significance: Land use & topography - Low, Soil quality - Low)

Sufficient protective measures shall be adopted to avoid soil erosion during construction in the rainy season.

Restricting all construction activities to the maximum possible extent inside the project boundary.

The top-soil stock pile is not contaminated with any type of spills.

Any material resulting from clearing and grading should not be deposited on approach roads, streams or ditches, which may hinder the passage and/or natural water drainage.

After final site grading is complete, ensuring that the excess excavated material is not dumped indiscriminately but used for filling low lying construction areas by locals.

Developing project specific waste management plan

Developing and maintaining dedicated waste storage areas

Operation phase (Impact significance: Soil quality - Low)

Developing and maintaining dedicated waste storage areas,

Disposing of spent catalysts to manufacturers for recycling.

9.2.4 Noise environment


Preventive maintenance of equipment and vehicles

Unnecessary engine operations to be minimized (e.g. equipment with intermitted use switched off when not working)

DG sets to be provided with acoustic enclosures and exhaust mufflers.





9.2.5 Biological environment


Avoid cutting of tress wherever possible, especially the endangered species observed in the study area.

Exploring opportunities for conservation of endangered species.

Closing of trenches as soon as possible after construction.






Prevent littering of work sites with wastes, especially plastic.

Training of drivers to maintain speed limits and avoid road-kills.


Maintain the greenbelt already developed

Plant additional trees during operation phase

9.2.6 Socio-economic environment


Training contractors on company safety policy requirements

Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles within the project area

Determine of the safe, legal load limits of all bridges and roads that will be used by heavy vehicles and machinery.

Upgrading local roads, wherever required, to ensure ease of project activity and community safety

Consolidating deliveries of materials and personnel to project sites, whenever feasible, to minimize flow of traffic

Minimizing interruption of access to community use of public infrastructure


Monitoring construction camp safety and hygiene

Preventing use of drugs and alcohol in project-sites

Preventing possession of firearms by project-personnel, except those responsible for security

Project-related waste and wastewater is disposed in a responsible manner Operation phase (Impact significance: Low)

Extending reach of CSR Program

Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles 9.3 MEASURES FOR IMPROVEMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

The baseline flora and fauna has been depicted in Chapter-3. In addition to wheat and rice cultivation, luxuriant growth of cash crops like mustard is also observed in the study area. The resultant ambient air quality levels after the operation of the plant will be within the prescribed limits; impact on flora and fauna is not envisaged. The following recommendations are suggested for further implementation:

Clearing of existing vegetation should be kept to minimum and should be done only when absolutely necessary;

Plantation programme should be undertaken in all available areas. This should include plantation in the expanded areas, along the roads, on solid waste dump yards etc;

Use of biogas, solar energy, should be encouraged both at individual and at society levels; and






Plantation should be done along the roads, without affecting plant operational safety. This will not only improve the flora in the region but will add to the aesthetics of the region.

9.3.1 Greenbelt development

A total of 230.58 acres (148.39 acre in the refinery and 82.19 acre in the refinery township) is earmarked for greenbelt development. EIL has made a detailed greenbelt plan and suggested plant species for plantation purpose. Barauni refinery will plant and look after the planted species taking suggestions of appropriate consultant for greenbelt development. Greenbelt marked on plot plan is attached as Annexure VI.

9.3.2 Guidelines for Plantation

The plant species identified for greenbelt development will be planted using pitting technique. The pit size will be either 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm or 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm. Bigger pit size is preferred on marginal and poor quality soils. Soil proposed to be used for filling the pit will be mixed with well decomposed farm yard manure or sewage sludge at the rate of 2.5 kg (on dry weight basis) and 3.6 kg (on dry weight basis) for 45 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm and 60 cm x 60 cm x 60 cm size pits respectively. The filling of soils will be completed at least 5 - 10 days before the actual plantation. Healthy seedlings of identified species will be planted in each pit.

9.3.3 Species Selection Based on the regional background and soil quality, greenbelt will be developed. In

greenbelt development, monocultures are not advisable due to its climatic factor and other environmental constrains. Greenbelt with variety of species is preferred to maintain species diversity, rational utilization of nutrients and for maintaining health of the trees. Prepared in this way, the greenbelt will develop a favorable microclimate to support different micro- organisms in the soil and as a result of which soil quality will improve further.

During the course of survey, it has been observed that the soil quality of the plant

site is fairly good and can support varieties of dry deciduous plant species for greenbelt development. Manure and vermin-compost may be mixed with the soil used for filling the pit for getting better result for survival of plant species. Adequate watering is to be done to maintain the growth of young seedlings. Based on the regional background, extent of pollution load, soil quality, rainfall, temperature and human interactions, a number of species have been suggested to develop greenbelt inside and outside the Barauni refinery. These species can be planted in staggering arrangements within the plant premises. Some draught resistant plant species have been identified which can be planted for greenbelt development if sufficient water is not available. The suitable species for greenbelt development program are given in Table 9.2.






Table 9.2: List of tree species suggested for green belt development

Sl No

Species Name Family Type Areas to be

planted

1 Acacia auriculiformis A.Cunn.ex Benth.

Mimosaceae Tree Avenue

2 Acacia catechu Willd. Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

3 Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd.


4 Acacia ferruginea DC. Mimosaceae Tree Avenue

5 Acacia leucophloea (Roxb.) Willd.

Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

6 Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth.


7 Acacia polycantha Willd.


8 Achras sapota L. Sapotaceae Tree Residential

9 Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees.

Lauraceae Tree Avenue

10 Adenanthera pavonia L.


11 Adina cordifolia Roxb. Rubiaceae Tree Greenbelt

12 Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa ex Roxb.

Rutaceae Tree Residential

13 Ailanthus excelsa Simarubaceae Tree Greenbelt

14 Albizia amara Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

15 Albizia lebbeck Mimosaceae Tree Greenbelt

16 Albizia odoratissima Benth.


17 Aleurites fordii Hemsl Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt

18 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.

Apocynaceae Tree Avenue

19 Annona reticulata L. Annonaceae Tree Residential

20 Annona sqamosa L. Annonaceae Tree Residential

21 Anogeissus latifolia Wall.

Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt

22 Anthocephalus chinensis Lamk.

Rubiaceae Tree Avenue

23 Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall) Parker

Meliaceae Tree Avenue

24 Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.

Urticaceae Tree Residential

25 Artocarpus lacucha Bucb.

Urticaceae Tree Residential

26 Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

Meliaceae Tree Avenue






Sl No


planted

27 Balanites roxburghii Planch.

Zygophyllaceae Tree Avenue

28 Bambusa arundinacia (Retz.) Roxb.

Poaceae Shrub Park/Office

29 Bambusa vulgaris Schrad.

Poaceae Shrub Park/Office

30 Bauhinia acuminata L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

31 Bauhinia purpurea L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

32 Bauhinia racemosa Lam.

Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

33 Bauhinia semla Wanderlin


34 Bauhinia variegata L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

35 Bischofia javanica Blume

Euphorbiaceae Tree

36 Bougainvillea spetabilis Willd.

Nyctaginaceae Shrub Park/Office

37 Bridelia squamosa Lamk.

Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt

38 Buchnania lanzan Spreng

Anacardiaceae Tree Greenbelt

39 Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub.

Papilionaceae Tree Greenbelt

40 Caesalpinia pulcherrima (L.) Swartz.

Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Avenue

41 Callistemon citrinus (Curtis) Stapf

Myrtaceae Shrub Park/Office

42 Cassia fistula L. Caesalpiniaceae Tree Avenue

43 Cassia renigera Wall ex. Benth

Avenue

44 Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn.

Bombacaceae Tree Greenbelt

45 Cordia dichotoma Forst

Cordiaceae Tree Greenbelt

46 Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.

Caesalpiniaceae Tree Greenbelt

47 Dalbergia sisoo Roxb. Tree Greenbelt/Avenue

48 Delonix regia (Bojer) Rafin.


49 Dendrocalamus strictus Nees

Poaceae Shrub Park/Residential

50 Duranta repens L. Verbenaceae Herb Park

51 Emblica officinalis Gaertn.

Euphorbiaceae Tree Residential

52 Erythrina variegata L. Tree Avenue






Sl No


planted

53 Eucalyptus citriodora Hook.

Myrtaceae Tree Greenbelt

54 Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm.

Myrtaceae Tree Greenbelt

55 Ficsu benghalensis L. Moraceae Tree Greenbelt

56 Ficus benjamina L. Moraceae Tree Avenue

57 Ficus elastica Roxb.ex Hornem

Moraceae Tree Park/Office

58 Ficus racemosa L. Moraceae Tree Greenbelt

59 Ficus religiosa L. Moraceae Tree Greenbelt

60 Gardenia jasminoides Ellis

Rubiaceae Shrub Park/Residential

61 Gardenia resinifera Roth

Rubiaceae Shrub Park/Residential

62 Grevillea robusta A. cunn.

Proteaceae Tree Greenbelt

63 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.

Malvaceae Shrub Park/Office

64 Hippophae rhamnoides L.

Elaeganaceae Tree Avenue

65 Holoptelia integrifolia (Roxb.) DC.

Ulmaceae Tree Greenbelt

66 Ixora arborea Roxb. Rubiaceae Shrub Greenbelt

67 Ixora coccinea L. Rubiaceae Herb Park

68 Ixora rosea Wall. Rubiaceae Herb Park

69 Kigelia africana Lamk Bignoniaceae Tree Greenbelt

70 Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb

Lythraceae Tree Avenue

71 Lagerstroemia speciosa L.

Lythraceae Tree Avenue

72 Lantana camara L. var. aculeata (L.) Mold.

Verbenaceae Herb Park/Office

73 Mallotus philippensis (Lour) Muell

Euphorbiaceae Tree Greenbelt

74 Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree Greenbelt

75 Millingtonia hortensis L.f.

Bignoniaceae Tree Avenue

76 Mimusops elengi L. Sapotaceae Tree Avenue

77 Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack

Rutaceae Shrub Residential






Sl No


planted

78 Nerium oleander L. Apocynaceae Shrub Park/Residential

79 Nyctanthus arbor-tristis L.

Oleaceae Shrub Park/Residential

80 Phoenix sylvestris (L.) Roxb.

Arecaceae Shrub Park

81 Plumeria alba L. Apocynaceae Shrub Park/Residential

82 Plumeria rubra L. Apocynaceae Shrub Park/Residential

83 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw

Annonaceae Tree Residential/Office

84 Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre

Tree Avenue

85 Psidium guajava L. Myrtaceae Tree Residential

86 Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr.


87 Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir.

Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Residential

88 Sesbania speciosa Taub. ex Engl.

Caesalpiniaceae Shrub Residential

89 Soymida febrifuga A.Juss.

Meliaceae Tree Greenbelt

90 Spathodea campanulata Beauv.

Bignoniaceae Tree Avenue

91 Sterculia foetida L. Sterculiaceae Tree Greenbelt

92 Syzigium cumini L. Myrtaceae Tree Residential

93 Taberneamontana divaricata (L.) Burkill

Apocynaceae Shrub Residential/Park

94 Tecoma stans (L.) Kunth

Bignoniaceae Shrub Residential/Park

95 Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.ex DC.) Wight & Arn.

Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt/Avenue

96 Terminalia chebula Retz.

Combretaceae Tree Greenbelt

97 Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.

Rhamnaceae Tree Greenbelt

The species suggested here are commonly seen in and around the project area, fast growing and drought resistant. Seedlings / saplings of these species can be easily procured from local nurseries. The selection of plant species for the green belt development depends on various factors such as climate, elevation and soil. The plants suggested for green belt were selected based on the following desirable characteristics.






Fast growing and providing optimum penetrability.

Evergreen with minimal litter fall.

Wind-firm and deep rooted.

The species will form a dense canopy.

Indigenous and locally available species.

Trees with high foliage density, larger of leaf sizes and hairy on surfaces.

Ability to withstand conditions like inundation and drought.

Soil improving plants, such as nitrogen fixing plants, rapidly decomposable leaf litter.

Attractive appearance with good flowering and fruit bearing.

Bird and insect attracting plant species.

Sustainable green cover with minimal maintenance

Species which can trap/sequester carbon

9.3.4 Phase wise Greenbelt Development Plan

Greenbelt will be developed in a phase wise manner right from the construction phase of the proposed project. In the first phase along with the start of the construction activity all along the plant boundary, open space areas, and major roads will be planted. In the second phase the office building like Canteen, Administrative building, Fire Safety office area and other constructed buildings will be planted. In the third phase when all the construction activity is complete plantation will be taken up in the gap areas of plant area, around different units, in stretch of open land and along other connecting roads, parks and residential quarters.

The total construction period is 36 months from the date of starting of construction. The first phase of the plantation programme will start immediately with the start of construction and run upto 12th months. The second phase will start after 12 months and continue upto 24th months. The third phase will start after 24th months and continue upto 30th months or the end of construction which is earlier.

9.4 ENVIRONMENT CELL

Environment Department is under HSE department of Barauni refinery, which consists of well-qualified and experienced technical personnel from the relevant fields is in place to look after environment mitigation measures during the construction and operation phase.

9.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF EMP IN CONSTRUCTION PHASE

The overall impact of the pollution on the environment during construction phase is localised in nature and is for a short period at all sites. In order to develop effective mitigation plan, it is important to conceive the specific activities during construction phase causing environmental impact. All the construction activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by EPC contractor with the guidance of PMC consultant. It is mandatory for EPC contractor to develop site/project specific HSE Policy, HSE Plan, HSE management system for complete EPC phase of the project. The various HSE requirements/Deliverables that will be developed is given in Table 9.3.






Table 9.3 Elements of HSE Management System during EPC Phase

S.No. Element of HSE Management System

HSE Requirements/Deliverables

1.0 Preservation Development of Principal Environmental Flow Diagram and Environmental Balance

2.0 Progress HSE Measurement Requirements

3.0 Durable Development Implementation Plan for Environmental Management Plan indicated in Final EIA report (Approved by MoEF)

4.0 Regulation Environmental Philosophy & Safety Philosophy

5.0 Prevention and Proactive Management of Risk

Implementation of findings of Risk Assessment Study

6.0 Continuous Improvement

6.1 HSE Close out Report

6.2 HSE Audit Requirements

6.3 Project HSE Review

7.0 Formation and Sensitisation HSE Training Requirements

8.0 Information and Communication

8.1 HSE Communication Requirements

8.2 HSE Resources

8.3 Competency Requirements

8.4 HSE Documentation

8.5 HSE Records

8.6 HSE Procedures

9.0 Responsibilities HSE Management System Requirements

9.5.1 Air Quality

As mentioned in Chapter-4, there will be minimal increase in particulate matter levels in ambient air during construction of proposed activities. The proposed activities are to be developed within the Barauni refinery premises. All the major dust generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HS Manager. As indicated in Table 9.3 of S. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the ambient air quality monitored before and during all dust generation construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HS manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 9.3 of S. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.






9.5.2 Noise Quality

Ambient noise levels measured at various locations surrounding the Barauni Refinery area are found within limits. All the major noise generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HS Manager. As indicated in Table 9.3, Sl. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the ambient noise monitored before and during all noise generation construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HS manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 9.3 of Sl. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

9.5.3 Water Quality

All the major water consumption and waste water generation construction activities will be regularly planned and controlled under the supervision of HS Manager. As indicated in Table 9.3 of S. No. 8.5 records will be documented for the total water supplied by tankers and wastage of the same shall be monitored before and during all such construction activities. Necessary control and management will be taken at site by HS manager as appropriate. Also as indicated in Table 9.3 of S. No. 6.3, all such records will be reviewed for corrective and preventive action.

9.5.4 Socio-economic

The presence of highly skilled labour force around the plant area will ensure the availability of labour at construction site. This will lead to non-requirement of any kind of temporary housing near the construction site but may put stress in the existing transport system and traffic density. A proper traffic and man power management may reduce this problem in a substantial way. The health records of all construction force will be collected and will be supervised by medical in-charge specially appointed by EPC Contractor.

9.5.5 Biological Environment

The existing green belt will be maintained and further developed within the existing premises.

9.5.6 Operation Phase

All the operation activities are undertaken, controlled and managed by EPC contractor with the guidance of PMC consultant before the plant gets ready. It is mandatory for EPC contractor to develop site/project specific HSE Policy, HSE Plan, HSE management system for complete commissioning and operational phases of the project. The various HSE requirements that will be carried out by the HSE team of the organization are listed below:

a. Review and assessment of adequacy of measures implemented as per

Environmental Management Plan, Disaster Management Plan (Onsite and Offsite) and Emergency Preparedness Plan and all other measures suggested by Statutory Authorities.

b. Monitoring of Environmental balance and its parameters and its compliance to requirements specified as per statutory requirements/design requirements.

c. Mock Safety drills to assess the readiness of the control of major accidents and hazards






d. Conducting HSE audits and Reviews.

The environmental management plan during the operational phase of the plant shall therefore be directed towards the following:

Ensuring the operation of various process units as per specified operating guidelines/operating manuals.

Strict adherence to maintenance schedule for various machinery/equipment.

Good Housekeeping practices.

Post project environmental monitoring. 9.6 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

For the proposed project, action plan for the implementation of OHSA Standards as per OSHAS/USEPA is as shown below:

Display of Occupational Health & Safety Policy;

To comply with statutory legal compliance related to the OHC dept.;

Develop Onsite and Offsite emergency plan as Emergency Procedures to respond to Potential Emergencies;

Schedule Regular Emergency Evacuation Drills by active participation and evaluation as and when drill is planned by safety department;

Six monthly periodic medical examinations of all workers working with the hazardous process;

Reporting of all incidence and accidents by Accident & Incidence Reporting System;

Investigation of all incidence and accidents by Investigation Report System;

MSDS of all chemicals of company;

Review of first aid facility;

Preparing first aider & its information at work place;

Identifying training needs of all the departments;

Awareness of Occupational Hazards & General health promotional in workers by conducting lectures for occupational health hazards in annual planner at training center;

Up-keep of ambulance & OHC by maintaining records.

9.6.1 Health

In order to provide safe working environment and safeguard occupational health and hygiene, the following measures will be undertaken:

Periodic compulsory medical examination for all the plant employees as per

OSHA requirement and specific medical examination.

All the employees shall be trained in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) aspects related to their job.

Exposure of workers to noise, particularly in areas housing equipment which produce 85 dB(A) or more will be monitored by noise decimeters. Audiometric tests are also done at periodic intervals for all the plant employees.






Regular (6 monthly) periodic medical checkup of contract and subcontract workers working at hazardous processes is done as per clause 68 T of Factory’s Act.

9.7 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Barauni refinery has always preferred to engage local community in its various activities and has also started various CSR Programs for the upliftment of society at various locations of villages in Bihar. Major projects during this period are related to Skill Development, Employment Support, Women Empowerment, Human Health, Education Support, Agriculture etc. Barauni refinery’s CSR initiatives along with financial implication for the period of 2016-17 are given below.

Barauni Refinery Swasthya Paricharika Prashikshan Yojana

The scheme was envisaged for helping the poor but meritorious girls from nearby villages of Barauni Refinery to get trained in popular professional courses in Nursing field. Poor families were targeted for this scheme whose family income was below Rs 1,00,000/- annually. The girls appeared in the entrance exam of the nursing colleges in Patna and finally 03(three) girls got selected in the 2-year ANM Nursing course of missionaries-run ‘Tripolia Social Service Hospital, Patna’, and were sponsored by Barauni Refinery. The cost incurred on the first year of education cum hostel charges was in the tune of Rs 2,00,000/- during FY 2016-17.These girls were felicitated during Independence Day ceremony at BRTS on 15.08.2016.

Barauni Refinery Shri Krishna Singh Chhatravritti Yojana

The scheme was envisaged for helping the poor but meritorious boys & girls from nearby 04(Four) blocks of Barauni Refinery i.e. Barauni, Begusarai, Matihani & Samho Akha Kurha in Begusarai District. The scheme was targeted to help those meritorious girls who passed class 10th and aspire to complete the education of 11th & 12th but were having annual family income below Rs 1,00,000/-. The girls were selected on the basis of merit list prepared from the applications received. 10(Ten) girls were presented with Rs 25,000/- each as scholarships and the total amount disbursed was Rs 2,50,000/-.These girls were felicitated on Gandhi Jayanti at BRTS






on 02.10.2016 in presence of MP-Begusarai Dr Bhola Singh, District Magistrate-Begusarai Md. Naushad Yusuf, IAS and BR Management.

Barauni Refinery Dinkar Uchch Shiksha Sahayata Yojana

The scheme was envisaged for helping the poor but meritorious students from Begusarai District. The scheme targeted those meritorious students who passed class 12th exams and aspired to complete higher education but were having family income below Rs 1,00,000/- annually. The students were selected on the basis of merit list prepared from the applications received in Science, Commerce & Arts stream separately. Among these students, 05(five) girls qualified as per the selection criteria and were presented a total scholarship of Rs 6,00,000/- for pursuing higher education. These girls were felicitated on Gandhi Jayanti at BRTS on 02.10.2016 in presence of MP-Begusarai Dr Bhola Singh, District Magistrate-Begusarai Md. Naushad Yusuf, IAS and BR Management.

Barauni Refinery Kaushal Vikas Kendra (Skill Development Centre)

Barauni Refinery started the Skill development Centre ‘Barauni Refinery Kaushal Vikas Kendra’ on 06.03.2017 with a target to train 400 students in Plumbing, Masonary, Electrician, Welder & Fitter trades (80 students in each trade). The total cost of the skill development program is Rs 46.28 Lacs. The skill development centre has been set-up as per the norms of Govt. Of India and in collaboration with ‘National Skill Development Centre’ (NSDC) & ‘National Skill Development Fund’ (NSDF) through a tripartite agreement between IOCL-BR, NSDC & NSDF.






Medical Camp for Women & Children in nearby villages of BR

Barauni Refinery organized the free Primary health Check Up Camps for Women & Children in 04 (four) villages nearby Barauni Refinery. Gyanaecologist, General Physician & Paediatrician doctors were involved in this camp with nursing support staffs. The camps were organized during March-2017. The villages covered during this project were Rachiyahi, Dumri, Paspura & Mahna. Total nos of 1329 women were benefitted in these camps. They were provided with free consultation and free medicines. 1170 children (boys & girls upto age 12 years) were also provided with free consultation & medicines. Total beneficiaries for this project were 2499. Total cost incurred on this project was Rs 7.37 Lacs during FY2016-17.

The expenditure for the period of 2016-17 on CSR activities is 3.35 crores. The CSR project- wise expenditure detail is given in Table 9.4.






Table 9.4 CSR project-wise expenditure details during 2016-17

SL Name of Project Amount (Lacs)

1 Provision of dual desk benches in Middle School-Govindpur 4.58

2 Provision of dual desk benches in Primary School-Noorpur 6.42

3 Provision of dual desk benches in Middle School,Ibrahimpur 3.66

4 Provision of dual desk benches in Middle School (Girls), Keshave 2.75

5 Provision of dual desk benches in Middle School,Harpur 3.66

6 Provision of dual desk benches in Middle School (Boys), Mahna 3.66

7 Provision of dual desk benches in Middle School, Sabaura 2.75

8 Nurse training for girl students in villages near Refinery. 2.26

9 Health Check-up Camp for women & children in Rachiyahi, Dumri, Paspura & Mahna Villages nearby BR in Begusarai District.

7.37

10 Barauni Refinery Shri Krishna Singh Chhatravritti Yojana 5.00

11 Barauni Refinery Dinkar Uchch Shiksha Sahayata Yojana 13.00

12 Providing drinking water facility in the office of SDO-Begusarai for general public

0.75

13 Providing drinking water facility in the office of DCCT-Begusarai for general public

0.64

14 Infrastructure development of Godargama auditorium & library in Matihani Block of Begusarai District through district administration

9.95

15 Kendriya Vidyalaya IOC 247.73

16 Barauni Refinery Skill Development Centre for imparting training to unemployed local youths of Begusarai District

20.82

Total Expenditure in FY 2016-17 335

CSR Program (2017-18) Barauni refinery has formulated a CSR plan with budget for the period 2017-18. The approved budget for CSR projects for the current year (2017-18) is given in Table 9.5. The total approved budget is 3 crores for 2017-18.






Table 9.5 CSR Approved budget (so far) for 2017-18

Project No

Details of Projects Amount (in Lacs)

1 Nursing Training Scholarships 1.35

2 Construction of RO Plants in four villages of BR 39.13

3 Barauni Refinery Dinkar Uchch Shiksha Sahayata Yojana’ under CSR scheme of Barauni Refinery for the FY 2017-18

20.00

4 Barauni Refinery Shri Krishna Singh Chhatravritti Yojana’ under CSR scheme of Barauni Refinery for the FY 2017-18

15.00

5 Project for Organizing Health Check up Camps in nearby villages of BR 18.30

6 Providing Dual Desk Benches in schools located in Chakballi, Paspura & Itwa Villages nearby of Barauni Refinery

9.31

7 Skill Development Centre for Welder, Electrician, Fitter, Plumbing & Masonary

25.46

9.8 BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

Budget has been estimated for implementation of environmental management plan during construction and operational phases and is given in Table 9.6.

Table 9.6: Budget for Environmental Management Plan

Phase Capital Cost in Lakhs

(Rs.) Recurring Cost in Lakhs per

Annum (Rs.)

Construction 15 -20 8-10 Operation 8 -12





Rev. No. 0

Page 136 of 140

CHAPTER-10

DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS






10.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

Name of Organization: Engineers India Limited Address: Head - Environment, Water & Safety Division

Tower-I, Ground floor, R&D centre, Engineers India Limited, Gurgaon (On NH-8), Haryana-122001 Telephone Nos. : 0124-3802034 Email: [email protected]

10.2 ESTABLISHMENT

Engineers India Limited (EIL) was established in 1965 to provide engineering and related services for Petroleum Refineries and other industrial projects. Over the years, it has diversified into and excelled in various fields. EIL has emerged as Asia's leading design, engineering and turnkey contracting company in Petroleum Refining, Petrochemicals, Pipelines, Onshore Oil & Gas, Mining & Metallurgy, Offshore Oil & Gas, Terminals & Storages and Infrastructure. EIL provides a wide range of design, engineering, procurement, construction supervision, commissioning assistance and project management as well as EPC services. It also provides specialist services such as heat & mass transfer equipment design, environment engineering, information technology, specialist materials and maintenance, plant operations & safety including HAZOPS & Risk Analysis, refinery optimization studies and yield & energy optimization studies. Engineers India has earned recognition for jobs executed in India and several countries of West Asia, North Africa, Europe and South East Asia including Algeria, Bahrain, Kuwait, Korea, Malaysia, Norway, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, UAE and Vietnam. EIL is diversifying into the areas of Water & Waste Management, Nuclear Power, Thermal and Solar Power and City Gas Distribution. EIL has its head office in New Delhi, regional engineering offices in Gurgaon, Chennai, Kolkata and Vadodara and a branch office in Mumbai. It has inspection offices at all major equipment manufacturing locations in India and a wholly owned subsidiary Certification Engineers International Ltd. (CEIL) for undertaking independent certification & third party inspection assignments. Outside India, EIL has offices in Abu Dhabi (UAE), London, Milan and Shanghai and a wholly owned subsidiary, EIL Asia Pacific Sdn. Bhd. (EILAP) in Malaysia. EIL has also formed a joint venture Jabal EILIOT with IOTL & Jabal Dhahran for tapping business opportunities in Saudi Arabia. Backed by its unmatched experience, EIL enjoys a high professional standing in the market and is known as a versatile and competent engineering company that can be relied upon for meeting the clients' requirements. Quality Management System with respect to EIL's services conforms to ISO 9001:2008 The Design Offices are equipped with state-of-the-art computing systems, design tools and infrastructure.

10.3 EIL’S VISION

To be a world-class globally competitive EPC and total solutions Consultancy Organization.






10.4 EIL’S MISSION

Achieve ‘Customer delight’ through innovative, cost effective and value added consulting and EPC services.

To maximize creation of wealth, value and satisfaction for stakeholders with high standards of business ethics and aligned with national policies.

10.5 CORE VALUES OF EIL

Benchmark to learn from superior role models.

Nurture the essence of Customer Relationship and bonding.

Foster Innovation with emphasis on value addition.

Integrity and Trust as fundamental to functioning.

Thrive upon constant Knowledge updation as a Learning organization.

Passion in pursuit of excellence.

Quality as a way of life.

Collaboration in synergy through cross-functional Team efforts.

Sense of ownership in what we do. 10.6 QUALITY POLICY OF EIL

Enhance customer satisfaction through continuous improvement of our technologies, work processes, and systems and total compliance with established quality management system.

Consistently improve the quality of products /services with active participation of committed and motivated employees and feedback from stakeholders.

Provide added value to customers through timely and cost effective services/deliverables.

Ensure total compliance with applicable health, safety and environment requirements during design and delivery of products to enrich quality of life.

10.7 HSE POLICY OF EIL

Ensure compliance with requirements of health, safety and environment, during design and delivery of products/ services as per applicable National and International codes, standards, procedures, engineering practices, and statutory requirements including customer's requirements. Ensure safety and health of employees, personnel of clients and associates. Create awareness on health, safety and environment aspects for all employees and associates.

10.8 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF EIL

Ensure compliance with applicable environmental requirements/ regulations during design and delivery of products / service and our operations.

Consider environmental impact in decision making processes.

Promote/develop green technologies for sustainable development.

Promote environmental awareness among all employees.

Adopt the adage-reduce, reuse and recycle in all our operations.






10.9 RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY OF EIL

EIL is committed to effective management of risks across the organization by aligning its risk management strategy to its business objectives through

Instituting a risk management structure for timely identification, assessment, mitigating, monitoring and reporting of risks.

Risk management at EIL is the responsibility of every employee both individually as well as collectively. The present EIA report has been prepared by EIL, an engineering and consultancy organization in the country. EIL has been preparing regularly EIA / EMP reports for different projects. The environmental Engineering Division of EIL has carried out more than 300 numbers of Environmental Impact Assessment projects. National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET) - under the Accreditation Scheme for EIA Consultant Organizations has accredited EIL as EIA consultant for 11 EIA Sectors, vide NABET notification dated 29.09.14 and certification No.- 43/2014. The list of sectors for which the accreditation has been accorded by NABET is given in Fig 10.1. The same can be referred from the NABET website “www.qcin.org/nabet/about.php”, by following the link - EIA Accreditation Scheme – Accreditation Register – Accredited Consultant.






Fig. 10.1 : EIL Accreditation Certificate by NABET

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Regd. Office : Engineers India Bhawan, 1, Bhikaiji Cama Place , New Delhi – 110066

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