ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK - World...

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ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK

E662November 23, 2002

For TheChhattisgarh District Rural Poverty Project

Department of Panchayati Raj and Rural DevelopmentGovernment of Chhattisgarh, Raipur

November 23, 2002

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1.Introduction

The District Poverty Reduction Project aims at poverty alleviation in all the 16 districts ofChhattisgarh using a strategy that takes precaution that the environment is not negativelyimpacted while addressing the needs for socio-economic well being of the people. The issueto be addressed in the Environmental Strategy for District Poverty Reduction Program is howenvironmental damage can be avoided or reduced so as to ensure that development initiativesand their benefits are sustainable. The directive of environmental management should be toachieve the greatest benefit presently possible for the use of natural resources withoutreducing their potential to meet future needs and the carrying capacity of the environment.

Environmental Strategy for the District Poverty Reduction Program aims at predicting theenvironmental impacts at an early stage in project planning and design, finding ways andmeans to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to suit the local environment and present thepredictions and options to decision-makers. Some environmental problems may appear to beinsignificant when considered within an individual proposal but might have adverseconsequences if the effects of all such proposals are added together (cumulative effects). Theaim is to prevent the impact of individually harmful sub projects or environmentaldegradation as a result of either the cumulative effect of many small DPIP investments thatindividually have negligible impact.

Also by carrying out environmental analysis before the implementation of the project,environmental and economic benefits can be achieved, such as reduced cost and time ofproject implementation and design, avoided treatment/clean-up costs and impacts of laws andregulations.

2. Project Area

All the 16 districts of Chhattisgarh have been selected under DPRP. Of these, Raipur,Dhamtari, Mahasamund, Durg, Rajnandgaon, Kawardha, Bilaspur, Janjgir Champa, Korba,Raigarh and part of Bastar come under the agro-climatic zone Chhattisgarh Plains, Batar,Kanker and Dantewada come under the Bastar Plateau and Sarguja and Koriya come underthe Northern Hill Region of Chhattisgarh. The project area does not include any NationalParks in the state of Chhattisgarh.

3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

While EIA has been primarily practised in industrialised countries as a project-orientedplanning tool, the evolving concept of sustainable development has highlighted the need forthe role of EIA to be expanded and for other techniques, such as strategic environmentassessment, to be developed to complement the procedure. With these types of issues in mindthe International Study of the Effectiveness of Environmental Assessment was launched in1993 as a joint initiative of the Canadian Environmental Assessment Agency and theIntemational Association of Impact Assessment to:

* review recent trends, key issues and emerging directions for environmentalassessment;

* examine the contribution of environmental assessment to problem-solving anddecision-making;

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* identify and document elements of environmental assessment systems that work well;and

* recommend cost-effective measures for improving the application and management ofenvironmental assessment.

One of the outcomes of the two-year process of review, consultation and discussion duringthe International Study has been the identification of a series of core values, guidingprinciples and operating principles for the practice of EIA.

EIA - Three core values* sustainability - the EIA process will result in environmental safeguards* integrity - the EIA process will conform to agreed standards* utility - the EIA process will provide balanced, credible information for decision-

making

EIA - Eight guiding principles* participation - appropriate and timely access to the process for all interested parties* transparency - all assessment decisions, and their basis, should be open and

accessible* certainty - the process and timing of assessment should be agreed in advance and

followed by all participants* accountability - decision-makers are responsible to all parties for their actions and

decisions under the assessment process* credibility - assessments are undertaken with professionalism and objectivity* cost-effectiveness - the assessment process and its outcomes will ensure

environmental protection at the least cost to society* flexibility - the assessment process should be able to adapt to deal efficiently and

effectively with any proposal or decision-making situation* practicality - the information and outputs provided by the assessment process are'

readily usable in decision-making and planning

EIA should address, wherever necessary or appropriate:

* all related and relevant factors, including social and health risks and impacts* cumulative and long-term, large-scale effects* design, locational and technological alternatives to the proposal being assessed* sustainability considerations including resource productivity, assimilative capacity

and biological diversity

EIA should result in:

* accurate and appropriate information as to the nature, likely magnitude andsignificance of potential effects, risks and consequences of a proposed undertakingand alternatives to it

* the preparation of an impact statement or report that presents this information in aclear, understandable and relevant form for decision-making, including reference toqualifications, confidence limits in the predictions made

* ongoing problem solving and conflict resolution to the extent possible during theapplication of the process

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EIA should provide the basis for:

* environmentally sound decision-making in which terms and conditions are clearlyspecified and enforced

* the design, planning and construction of acceptable development projects that meetenvironmental standards and resource management objectives

* an appropriate follow-up process with requirements for monitoring, management,audit and evaluation that are based on the significance of potential effects, theuncertainty associated with prediction and mitigation, and the opportunity for makingfuture improvements in project design or process application

4. The Process of Environmental Assessment

The environmental assessment for this project will focus on the linkages between the projectactivities and the surrounding environment. It will first examine how the project might affecthuman resource and stocks of natural resource, and then consider what measures might beintroduced to mitigate the negative environmental impacts of the project.

4.1 Screening- This involves a broad analysis of the impacts of project activities with aview to identifying those which will entail a detailed study. Screening would be undertakenat the time of project identification. Environmental screening helps to determine the choice ofEA instruments, depending on the needs of the project. Based on the location, the type ofactivities in the sub-project, the range of impacts and their magnitudes and the availability orabsence of mitigatory measures, four Categories of sub-projects have been identified andfour categories of environmental assessment suggested for these

Category D: The proposed sub-project doesn't depend on or use any natural resourcedirectly (such as water, forests, grazing land, soil, etc) and more importantly doesn'tadversely impact any natural resource (such as ground water depletion, soil erosion, and lossof Biodiversity). A detailed environmental assessment is not required for sub-projects in thiscategory (such as a sub-project on tailoring). However, depending on feasibility, someproactive environmental interventions may be included.

Category C: The proposed sub-project has either marginal or short-term impact on thenatural resources or environment (such as a small scale cooking operation that consumes fuelwood). Projects, which have moderate environmental impacts for which standard mitigativemeasures may be applied. In such cases Environmental Review is suggested.

Category B: If the proposed project has a significant or irreversible or long-term negativeimpact (such as bore well leading to depletion of ground water), Limited EnvironmentalAssessment is suggested.

Category A: If the proposed sub-project has a severe adverse environmental impact, thatcannot be mitigated within a feasible timeframe and budget, Environmental ImpactAssessment is suggested. However, the probability of such sub-projects emerging is veryless. In case such a sub-project does emerge, it will most likely be rejected, as mitigationwould demand time and resources beyond that available for a sub-project.

Category C assessment will be done by the PFT and the CIG.

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Category B assessment will be done by at the district level by the District Environment Team(DET)Category A assessment will be commissioned by the State Project Monitoring Unit inconsultation with the Environment Agency.

Besides this a negative list of subprojects is attached in Annex 1. It is suggested that theprojects included in the list not be supported in DPRP.

4.2 Assessment of Potential Impacts of Sub-projects

After classifying the sub-project and ensuring that it does not belong to the negative list, thePFT/ District'Environment Team proceeds to use the appropriate assessment tools.

Category D: No detailed environmental assessment is necessary. However, efforts should toenhance the positive impacts of such projects.

Category C: If the screening indicates that Environmental Review is required, the PFT is torefer the subproject to the DET who will use the Environmental Review tools to determinemeasures to mitigate the impacts of the sub-project, if it is decided to proceed with the sub-project.

Category B: If the screening indicates that a Limited Environmental assessment is required,the PFT will refer it to the DET. The DET will refer to Annex 3 determine (i) whether or notto proceed with the sub-project (ii) measures to mitigate the impacts of the sub-project, if it isdecided to proceed with the sub-project.

Category A: If the screening indicates that EIA is required, the PFT will refer it to the DPSU.The DPSU will forward the sub-project for assessment to the SPU. The SPU will issue acontract in consultation with the Environment Agency for a detailed Environmental ImpactAssessment of the sub-project.

4.3 Documentation

On the basis of above, the Environmental Appraisal Report will be prepared which willinclude the project location, project description, identification and prediction of impacts,analysis

of impacts, clearly stated and argued recommendations for immediate action and a list ofaltematives with comments on the economic impacts of each. At a minimum the documentshould contain:

i) A description of the proposed activity;ii) A description of the potentially affected environment, including specific information

necessary for identifying and assessing the environmental effects of the proposedactivity;

iii) A description of practical alternatives as appropriate;iv) An assessment of the likely or potential environmental impacts of the proposed

activity and alternatives, including the direct, indirect, cumulative, short-term andv) long-term effects;

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vi) An identification and description of measures available to mitigate adverseenvironmental impacts of the proposed activity and alternatives, and an assessment ofthose measures;

vii) An indication of gaps in knowledge and uncertainties which may be encountered incompiling the required information;

5. Administrative Structure for Environmental Assessment of DPRP Sub Projects

Preliminary activities would include the appointment of an Environmental Agency. It will beresponsibility of the Environmental Agency to:

* Train the'district environment team to carry out Environmental Assessments of projectsrequiring ER and LEA.

* Monitor implementation of the EMF and keep abreast of the changing environmental con* cerns and inform the SPU and DETs accordingly.* Develop standard mitigatory measures for the common sub-project types* Carry out EIAs of sub projects where requested by the SPU or draft the ToR for EIAs and

facilitate the process of hiring an independent agency for EIA.* Carry out supervision of at least 5% of all subprojects and at least 10% of subprojects

requiring LEA/ EIA.

The sequence of activities involved in environmental appraisal of the sub project is illustratedbelow:

I) The sub project is identified by the CIGs and formulated in consultation with thePFT.

2) A prescribed pro forma, the green form or the environmental clearance application(Annex 1) is filled by the CIGs with the help of PFT.

3) PFT screens the sub-projects based on checklist for Screening of Subprojects (Annex2 and 3).

4) In case the screening indicates that Environmental Review is required, the prescribedapplication pro forma along with proposed mitigation plan (Annex 5.2) is filled by thePFT on the basis of Environmental Review Guidelines (Annex 5.1) and submitted tothe DPSU, to be cleared at their level. Once the projects are cleared on the basis ofEnvironmental Review, the PFT will ensure the compliance of mitigatory measures.

5) In case the screening checklist indicates that a project requires LEA, then theprescribed form (Annex 6.2) should be filled out by the CIGs with the help of PFTon the basis of LEA guidelines (Annex 6.1) and submitted to the DPSU.

6) DPSU will appoint the DET trained by the Environmental Agency to conduct theLEA.

7) For sub-projects that require an EIA the PFT will inform the DPSU which willconvey the information to the SPSU. The SPSU in consultation with the EnvironmentAgency will decide on the steps for having the EIA conducted.

8) All the project proposals with application for EIA should be forwarded to theEnvironmental Agency within a week after receiving the application

6. Training

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Training programmes to equip the DPSU staff members (responsible for facilitatingimplementation of the EMF) and the DET members and PFT members in using theenvironmental assessment tools will be organized by the Environment Agency. A session onthe EMF will be part of the induction training for the CIGs. Each PFT will organizeenvironmental awareness programmes for the communities at least once every year. Fordetailed course content, course duration and costs of training refer to Annex 9.

7. Environmental Supervision and Monitoring

Environmental supervision would be carried out at two levels. At the district level, as part oftheir overall supervisory responsibilities, the DPSU staff would be required to verify thatPFTs are cotrectly using EMF guidelines and outputs, and the environment mitigationmeasures prescribed in the approved sub-project are implemented. These supervision reportswould be submitted to the Environment Agency for review of the EMF implementation.

At the state level, the Environment Agency will conduct six-monthly supervision of theEMF, selecting a sample of subprojects from different categories of environmentalassessment. It is the responsibility of the Environment Agency to remain abreast of thechanging environmental conditions and emerging environmental concerns in the projectareas. The EA will constantly be involved in collecting information from variousdepartments of the Government and civil society sources. On the basis of the information, theEnvironment Agency will recommend revisions to the EMF and highlight local concerns tothe DPSUs.

8. Budget

A budget of Rs. 15 million will be set aside in the project for the purpose of implementing theEnvironmental Management Framework. This will be spread across Training, hiring of theEnvironmental Agency and the assessment activities. The detailed breakup of Budget ForEnvironment Capacity Building and Consultancy Fees is as follows.

Cost Head Amount INRTraining componentCourse l: Environmental Awareness Raising For DPIPbeneficiaries. 2915140Course II: Basic environmental screening and mitigationfor PFT members 1500000Course III: Limited Environmental Assessment forDistrict Environment Team 192000Course IV: Environmental Management Framework forSPSU and DPSU Staff 159000Course V: Environmental Impact Assessment forEnvironmental Consultants 64000ConsultanciesConsultancy Fee for Environmental Agency 8000000Consultancy Fee for EIA Consultants 500000Total 13330140

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Annexures

1: Environmental Clearance Application (Green Form)2: Guidelines for Screening of Sub-projects3: Generic List of Sub-projects and Environmental Assessment Categories4: Negative List of Sub-projects5: Format and Guidelines for Environmental Review (ER) of Sub-Projects6: Format and Guidelines for Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA)

of Sub-Projects7: Natural Resources to be Impacted, Nature of Impact and Indicators8: Dam Safety Plan9: Training and Capacity Building for the Environment Management Framework of DPRP

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Annex 1: Environmental Clearance Application (Green Form)

1) Present Land Use:

(Forest/ Wasteland/ Grazing Land/ Fallow Land/ Agricultural Land/ Government Land/ PrivateLand/ Any other specify)

2) Likely Impacts

i) Land: Yes/ No If Yes, specify

(Soil drosion/ Land slide/ Contamination of soil through accumulation of waste material,Degradation of productive agricultural land, Contamination of soil due to use of fertilisers,pesticides and herbicides, Loss of grazing land, any other specify)

ii) Water: Yes/ No If Yes, specify

(Increase in runoff, Increased sedimentation into streams, Loss of fishery, Creation ofstagnant water pool or water logging, Water pollution including contamination of surface orground water, Water pollution due to use of fertilisers, pesticides, herbicides, Contaminationof drinking water, Contamination by livestock, poultry, Problems of waste water disposal,Overexploitation of aquifers leading to ground water depletion, Clogging of drainage, anyothers specify)

Ili) Air Yes/ No If Yes, specify

(Dust during construction, due to movement of vehicles, Increased air pollution due to use ofpolluting fuels, Increased pollution due to burning of waste, Pollution due to increasedvehicular traffic, agricultural equipments, tractors, diesel pumps etc.)

(Iv) Noise: Yes/ No If Yes, specify

(Increase in noise levels during construction or operation)

(v) Odour: Yes/ No If Yes, specify

(Increased odour)

(vi) Solid waste

(Solid waste generation, problem of garbage disposal)

(vi) Flora and Fauna' Yes/ No If Yes, specify

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(Disruption of natural habitats of flora and fauna, Loss of vegetation, Disruption anddestruction of vegetation, wildlife, Threat to rare and endangered species, Encroachment inecologically sensitive areas)

(vii) Aesthetics: Yes/ No If Yes, specify

(Marred landscapes, debris)

(viii) Historical Cultural Sites. Yes/ No If Yes, specify

(Disturbance to and degradation of Historical and Cultural sites)

(ix) Health: Yes/ No If Yes, specify

(Increased chances of accidents, Transport of hazardous substances, Health hazard fromimproper waste disposal, Emission of methane or other noxious chemicals, Risk of waterborne diseases, Mosquito breeding due to stagnant water around the project site, Spread ofdisease from animal vectors, Toxicity from pesticides

3. Mitigatory Measures

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Annex 2: Guidelines for Screening of Sub-projects

Step 1: Identify natural resources impacted by the sub-project

Identify the natural resources proposed to be used, the nature of impacts, including whethershort or long-term impact, from implementation of the proposed sub-project.

Name of the sub project: ................ : .

Resources to be used eg. Soil/grasses/forest lands

Nature of impacts eg.: short term; reversible; medium to long term; irreversible; impacts onhealth, natural resources etc.

Source of information and method:

Information on resources to be used and nature of impact could be obtained by discussionwith village community, field visit and observation in a location where a similar projectactivity was implemented and finally by consulting the experts at the district level.

Step II: Decision on level of environmental assessment

The decision on level of environment assessment to be adopted depends on the extent ofdependence or use of natural resources, extent of impact on the resources, nature of impactsuch as short or long-term impact, possibility to mitigate the impacts.

Three levels of environmental assessment are suggested:

No Review: The proposed sub-project doesn't depend on or use any natural resource directly(such as water, forests, grazing land, soil, etc) and more importantly doesn't adversely impactany natural resource or health (such as pollution, ground water depletion, soil erosion, andloss of Biodiversity).

Environmental Review (ER): The proposed sub-project has either marginal or short-termimpact on the natural resources or health. Even if a project has only positive or beneficialimpact (such as soil and water conservation), it is necessary to ensure the positive impacts.Thus Environmental Review is suggested.

Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA): If the proposed project has large adverse impactor irreversible or long-term negative impact (such as bore well leading to depletion of groundwater).

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): If the proposed sub-project has a severe adverseenvironmental impact, that cannot be mitigated within a feasible timeframe and budget, EIAis suggested. This is a detailed assessment that would be carried out by the EnvironmentalAgency or an independent agency contracted by the State Project Unit.

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Annex 3: Generic List of Sub-projects and Environmental Assessment Categories

Category D

Sub projects Natural RemarksResourceUsed

Bamboo skill Bamboo Programme component is only training i.e.,development skill development. Training should include

sustainable extraction of bambooMike set and lighting It is a business. Usage of energy efficientunit ' lighting should be encouragedJeep Diesel Diesel is not a local resource. The number of

jeeps proposed, even under different sub-projects, is not likely to be large. However, acheck on the number is required.

Readymade garments/ Nil No natural resource usage.cloth businessRickshaws Nil It is a service sector enterprise using human

labour.Skill development on Nil Programme component is only training i.e.,tailoring skill development.Business (Tamarind / Nil Programme component is marketing. MayVegetable / Amla / Dal emphasize on sustainable extraction.and oil / Ground nut/petty shop /fish)Tent House Nil Programme component is service.Band set Nil It is a service sector enterprise.Bullock carts Nil It is a service sector enterprise.Candle making unit Fuel wood Insignificant fuel consumption because it is

low temperature heating

Category C: (Environmental Review)

Sub Projects Natural Resource Potential Positive Potential NegativeImpacted Impacts Environmental Impacts

(minor/short-term)Agarbathi Human health Impact on health frommaking harmful chemicals if no

____________________ ____________________ protectionBamboo Bamboo Over extraction of bambooproducts unitCreche/ Child Health and hygiene Improved health, if Adverse impact on health ifcare centre sanitation and sanitation and drinking

drinking water water are not providedprovided

Irrigation canal Soil If soil water Enhanced soil erosion,conservation water loss and waterpractices logging

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implementedDairy Grazing land and Improved fertilizer Over grazing

crop land value of dung if Adverse effect oncomposted regenerationConserving Poor health if sanitationfuelwood if biogas facility absent in cattle shedis used for cooking

Community Water Exotic species of fish maypisciculture harm native fish species

Excessive feed may causeeutrophication in smallponds

Community Soil Use of pesticidesvegetablegrowing

Land Land and soil Conserves soil and Wrong practices may leaddevelopment moisture and to soil erosion and loss of

prevents erosion moisture holding capacityConstruction of Livestock Improved hygiene If no proper wastesheds for animals population conditions collection and disposal,

poor sanitation resultsNTFP collection Trees and other Over harvesting, affects

plants regeneration, tree growthand health

Food making Tree wood Wood / Tree depletionWood chips Trees If wood harvested non-cutting sustainably or over

extraction leads to treedepletion

Poultry farms Soil Poultry waste asmanure

Bullocks Grazing land and Improved fertilizer Over grazingcrop land value of dung Adverse effect on

Biogas for cooking regeneration of forestsleads to conservingfuelwood

Godown Soil Loss of top soilconstruction tostore forestproducePaddy cultivation Soil and water Use of pesticides

usage Over irrigation leads tosalinization

Goat rearing Grazing lands/ Excessive grazing can causeforests degradation if mitigatory

measures are notundertaken; a check on thecumulative impacts isnecessary

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Category B: Limited Environmental Assessment

Sub Projects Natural Resource Depletion or Potential Long-termResource DegradationImpacted

Brick making Soil Loss of fertile soil Loss of top soilWood or fuel Loss of tress

Bore well Ground water Ground water depletion Loss of ground waterMinor Water Loss of water Water submergenceIrrigation Tank Soil Loss of soil for Enhanced soil erosion

Land embankmentLoss of land

Lift Irrigation Water Ground water decline if Loss of ground water(Open well bore wellor Water level decline if openBore well) well

Check dams Land and Prevents soil erosion Land submergencewater Improved percolation of

water

Category A: Environmental Impact AssessmentThis is for sub-projects, which are likely to have very serious negative impact on theenvironment, and for which an EIA will be required.

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Annex 4: Negative List of Sub-projects

It is recommended that the following sub-projects must not be supported throughChhattisgarh DPRP

1. Environmental Assessment

Any sub-project not screened for Environmental impacts.

2. Forests and wildlife

Any sub-projlect that is likely to cause damage to wildlife, or likely to cause damage to asanctuary by setting fire, injuring wildlife, or involves indiscriminate felling of trees orinvolves removal of plant, animal or mineral produce from a sanctuary.

Any sub-project located within a national park

3. Concerning Dams

Any sub-project that involves construction of a dam (old or new) of I Ometres or more height.

4. Concerning Agriculture

Any agricultural sub-project that does not incorporate integrated pest management (IPM)approaches

Any agriculture sub-project that intends to use banned pesticides, agrochemicals in WHOClasses IA, IB and II

Any subproject that involve manufacturing, sale, stocking, distribution or exhibiting for saleinsecticides without a licence

Any sub-project that involves intensive aquaculture including harvest of fish/shrimp seedfrom the wild, pumping of saline water, conversion of prime agricultural land intoaquaculture ponds

5. Miscellaneous

Any subproject that involves promotion of or desecration of a religion or a religious place orcultural property.

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Annex 5: Format and Guidelines for Environmental Review of Sub-Projects

5.1 Guidelines for Environmental Review

Environment Review will involve seeking information on the resources to be used andimpacted, type or nature of impact, what indicators could be used to assess impacts, can theimpacts be measured, if the impacts are negative can the adverse impacts be minimized oravoided.

Source of Information and Methods:

Information needed (as given in the format below) could be obtained fromi) CIG members (and village community or farmers or artisans),ii) field visit to a location where a similar project has been implemented,iii) reference to technical literature andiv) experts in the relevant field at the district level.

Given the wide range of potential projects and impacts, it is difficult to suggest specificmethods. However, a sample of the types of impacts, indicators for assessing the impacts andmethod for assessment are given in Appendix I (at the end of this section).

It is very important to obtain the opinion and perspective of local community or persons whoare likely to be impacted by the implementation of the project.

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5.2 Format for Environmental Review

Sub project: .........................................................................................Information required on Record observations here

1. Resources to be used What resources will be usedfor the sub-project (forinitiating the sub-project,during implementation ofthe sub-project, etc.)?Ex: soil, tree leaves,groundwater, fuelDiscuss with community

2. Resources to be impacted What resources will beimpacted? Ex: soil, groundwater, open well water, treeleaves, grass, etc.Discuss with community

3.Type of impact What type of impact:* Positive or negative* Depletion of resources

or degradation ofresource

* Long-term or short-termDiscuss with communityand project staff

4. What are the indicators of What indicator can be used?impact? Discuss with project staff

Refer technical literature5. Quantification of impact Can the impact be

- Is it possible? measured, if yes, what can- If no, opinion of be measured

village community Discuss with community6. If impact is positive, What activities or practiceswhat needs to be done to should be stressed to ensureensure it? positive impacts

Discuss with communityand project staff

7. If negative impact, is it Possibility to minimize orpossible to mitigate? avoid negative impacts


8. If yes, what mitigation Improved technology /measure could be practicessuggested? Discuss with community

and project staff9. Indicators for mitigation List indicators for improvedmeasures technology / practices


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Annex 6: Format and Guidelines for Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA)of Sub-Projects

6.1 Guidelines for Limited Environmental Assessment (LEA)

If the sub-project needs LEA, adopt the following procedure, which is only anelaboration of the procedure adopted for ER. Under this approach, more detailed orintensive quantitative methods could be adopted to evaluate the potential impacts, toenable decision on the project. Projects that need LEA are likely to have significantand medium to long-term impact on natural resources. Thus, the impacts have to bequantitatively assessed and mitigation measures integrated into the recommendationson the sub-project. If the impacts are long-term and irreversible, an alternate sub-project providing the same or similar service or benefit needs to be suggested.

Source of Information and methods:

As the impacts are likely to be adverse and long-term, systematic and scientificmeasurement of impacts may be necessary. The types of impacts, examples ofindicators and methods for different resources are given in Appendix-I at the end ofthis section. Methods could include:

i) Participatory approachii) Field visit and observationiii) Technical or scientific measurement of indicatorsiv) Consultations with experts

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6.2 Format for Limited Environmental Assessment

Sub-project. .........................................................................................

Information required on Record observations andmeasurements here

1. Resources to be used What resources will be usedfor the sub-project (forinitiating the sub-project,during implementation ofthe sub-project, etc.)? Ex:soil, tree leaves,groundwater, fuelDiscuss with community

2. Resources to be impacted What resources will beimpacted? Ex: soil, groundwater, open well water, treeleaves, grass, etc.Discuss with community

3. Type of impact What type of impact:* Positive or negative* Depletion of resources

or degradation ofresource

* Long-term or short-termDiscuss with communityand project staff

4. What are the indicators of What indicator can be used?impact? Discuss with project staff

Refer technical literature5. Measurement of Refer to methods suggestedindicators - Methods for similar indicators in

appendix or to other similarprojects with similarimpacts.

6. Quantification of impacts Use methods suggested asabove to measure theindicatorsConsult community

7. If impact is short term, Mitigation measureswhat is the mitigation Discuss with communitymeasure suggested? and project staff8. If impact is long-term, Mitigation measureswhat is the mitigation Discuss with communitymeasure needed? and project staff9. If difficult to mitigate Alternate sub-project orwhat alternate practice technology/practicecould be suggested Discuss with experts

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Annex 7: Natural Resources to be Impacted, Nature of Impact and Indicators

Natural resource Impact Indicator Methodsand health

Soil Soil erosion Gravel exposure Field observationGully formation

Soil extraction Depth and area of soil Observation andextraction measurement

Soil conservation Soil conservation Observation ofmeasures implemented presence of soil

l conservationstructures

Soil pollution Presence of toxicchemicals Laboratory test

Water Ground water depletion Depth of bore wells Measurement ofwater level

Loss of water in openwell Depth of water in open Laboratory analysis

wellsWater pollutionaffecting health Presence of coliform Field Observation

bacteriaWater logging

High water table(water below soil Surveysurface)

Availability of drinking Surveywater Human effort for

collecting water.___ ____ ____ ____ _____ _____Presence of taps

Forest Forest loss/ clearing Area of forest cleared Area estimateforests or converted

Number of trees and Counting orspecies felled estimation of trees

felled

Over lopping of trees Percentage of trees Counting of damagedwith crown damage trees / ha

Loss of biodiversity No of species and Counting of numberspecies wise density of plants of differentTrees species per hectare.Medicinal plants

Counting treeAbsence of Percentage of trees in seedlings in differentregeneration tree girth range < 5 tree girth classes

cm, 5-10cm,> 10cm. .

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Annex 8: Dam Safety Plan

I. In the Chhattisgarh DPRP, there are sub-projects proposed for funding under theCommunity Investment Fund (CIF) component. Some of these sub-projects are waterretention structures / dams, which are relevant in the context of the Bank's OperationalPolicy OP 4.37 Safety of Dams. This Dam Safety Plan has been prepared to ensure thatthe provisions of the Bank's Operational Policy are met by the project.

2. As this project is going to adopt a community demand driven approach, the sub-projectsthat will be undertaken cannot be specified with certainty upfront. Drawing from theMPDPIP implementation experience so far, the possible sub-projects are as follows:

* Masonry Check Dams: These are for the purpose of diversion of irrigation water.* Rehabilitation, re-sectioning and unsilting of village tanks for irrigation and water

supply.* Construction of earthen tank for minor irrigation (usually less than 100 acres)

Negative list

3. No sub-project involving a dam (existing or new) of lOm high or more will be permitted.

Sub-project Design & Construction Management Principles

4. For dam sub-projects below 10 m, the project will follow a Design and ConstructionManual for check dams (and other water retention structures), which includes thefollowing:

* Design guidelines on determining the dam sizes, sizing of reservoir capacity and othersalient design features.

* Design guidelines on how to provide for adequate spillways.* Design guidelines for deciding the appropriate downstream slope.* Construction guidelines for an earth filling procedure.* Other generic dam safety measures.

5. The design of the dam sub-projects would be done by qualified engineers.

Training

6. Whenever there are dam sub-projects, beneficiaries will be given training by qualifiedengineers. This training will focus on the maintenance of the dam sub-projects and will beorganized by the concemed DPSU.

Monitoring

7. For each dam sub-projects, the DPSU will ensure that the engineers who designed thedam revisit the sites during the initial filling of the reservoirs and suggests appropriateremedial measures in case any abnormal behaviour is observed.

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Records

8. All design and construction reports will be available in print and will be maintained asrecords for future reference. These will be retained during the project period in therespective DPSU and, subsequently, with an appropriate authority.

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An'nex 9: Training and Capacity Building for the Environment Management Frameworkof DPRP

Course I: Environmental Awareness Raising For DPRP Beneficiaries

Ultimately, the prevention of environmental damage and promotion of environmentalimprovements under the DPRP will depend on the enthusiasm and understanding of thesubproject beneficiaries. Environmental awareness raising modules shall help in wider DPRPgrass-roots publicity and information & communicational effort.

Course contentThese modules shall highlight the need for environmental protection, and promote activitiesfor environmental improvement that may be supported by the DPRP. The use of creativemechanisms for grass-roots communication, such as theatre, will be considered with theguidance of the SPSU and DPSU training experts.

Environmental Awareness Raising module will be integrated into the orientation andsensitization module of the CIGs. The PFTs will focus an orientation specifically on thissubject

Total course durationThe course shall be of half-day duration.

Cost of trainingAssumptions:

* There are 145757 CIG members attending the training* This is for the entire project period of 5 years* The training will be for 4 - 5 hours* Cost of the training including boarding, training material, stationery will be Rs.20 per

person.

Total cost based on above assumption = Rs29,15,140 (145757 x 20)

DRAFT

Course II: Basic Environmental Screening and Mitigation For PFT Members

To enable the PFT member to effectively apply the Environmental Review Guideline (ERG),the Environmental Agency shall prepare and deliver courses on Basic EnvironmentalScreening and Mitigation. In this course, the most fundamental environmental issues andproblems that can be expected in a given project will be described and the standardmitigation measures will be taught.

This course will be integrated with the Module 4' of the PFTs

Course contentThe course shall be tailored to emphasize local environmental issues. The PFT member willbe trained with a practical orientation to carry out ERG for the sub-projects. It is best to havea small batch for the training which does not exceed 25 members.

Total course durationThe course shall be of one day.

Cost of trainingAssumptions:No of PFTs = 40No of members per PFT = 5No of days of training = I dayNo of trainings per year = I; Therefore no. of trainings for 5 years = 5Amount per person per day for the training = Rs 1500/-

Total cost based on above assumptions = Rs 15,00,000 (40 x 5 x I x 5 x 1500)

Refer to training and capacity building strategy paper

DRAFT

Course III: Limited Environmental Assessment for District Environmental Teams

To enable the District Environment Team Members to effectively carry out the LimitedEnvironment Assessment, the environmental issues and problems that can be expected in agiven project will be described and the steps involved in conducting the LEA taught.

Course contentThe course contains an orientation to the basic tenets of Limited Environment Assessment.1) The local environmental issues of concern and impact of the sub-project on theme2) Steps involved in conducting the LEA studyThe course shall be tailor-made district wise to incorporate local environmental issues ofconcern. J

Total course durationThe course shall be of two-day duration with approximately 32 participants in a single batch.

LocationThe course will be conducted at the state level.

Cost of trainingAssumptions:No of DET members sent for training = 2.No of days of training = 2 daysNo of trainings during the project period = 2Amount per person per day for the training = Rs 1500/-

Total cost based on above assumptions = Rs 1,92,000 (32 x 2 x 2 x 1500)

DRAFT

Course IV: Training in Environmental Management Framework for SPSU and DPSUStaff

To ensure that DPIP staff at the district and state levels understand the objectives of theEnvironmental Management Framework (EMF), and are equipped to implement iteffectively, the EA will prepare and deliver courses for DPSU and SPSU personnel.

Line department staff at district level will be consulted for subproject preparation andimplementation. Apart from them, the Project Directors and the Project offices also can betrained in order to have a check on the technical committee.

This course has to be given to following peopleSN Personal/Designation Level NumberI Project Coordinator SPSU I

Co-ordinator Human Resources 12 District Project Manager (lx16) DPSU 16

Project Coordinators (2x16) 32Members from district line 3departments (3)

Therefore, the total number of trainees for this course shall be 53.

Course contentThese courses shall cover all elements of the EMF, including ER, LEA and EIA, as well asthe environmental supervision, monitoring and auditing requirements.

Total course durationThe course shall be of two-day duration with approximately 26 participants in one batch.


Cost of training

Assumptions:

No of DPSU and SPSU members to be trained= 53.No of days of training = 2 daysNo of trainings during the project period = IAmount per person per day for the training = Rs 1500/-

Total cost based on above assumptions = Rs 1,59,000 (53 x 2 x I x 1500)

DRAFT

Course V: Environmental Impact Assessment for Environmental Consultants

One of the duties of the Environmental Agency will be to compile a list of approvedenvironmental consultants from which the DPSUs may select experts to conduct EIAs. Inaddition to appropriate qualifications and experience, it will be a pre-condition for inclusionin the approved list that environmental consultants attend a short course on the application ofthe ElAs.

The project will support one training for the consultants.

Course contentThe course contains an orientation to the basic tenets of Environmental Impact Assessment.3) The local environmental issues of concern and impact of the sub-project on theme4) Steps involved in conduction the EIA studyThe course shall be tailor-maid district wise to incorporate local environmental issues ofconcern.

Total course durationThe course shall be of two-day duration with approximately 20 participants in a single batch.


Cost of trainingAssumptions:No of consultants to be trained per district = 2.No of days of training = 2 daysNo of trainings during the project period = 1Amount per person per day for the training = Rs 1000/-

Total cost based on above assumptions = Rs 64,000 (32 x 2 x I x 1000)

FINAL REPORT on PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

For TheChhattisgarh District Rural Poverty Project

Department of Panchayati Raj and Rural DevelopmentGovernment of Chhattisgarh, Raipur

November 23, 2002

Consultations were conducted in three phases

Phase I-March 19-20, 2002* Intensive workshop with NGOs, MPDPIP, NGOs form CG and others, Govtofficials.Phase I1-August 25-26, 2002* Consultations with Gram Pantheist in Bilaspur with selected villages under DPRPpilots.Phase III-November 16-18,2002* Hamlet and village consultations in Pendra and Garella blocks of Bilaspur

PHASE I-MARCH 19-20, 2002:WORKSHOP ON CHHATTISGARH DISTRICT POVERTY REDUCTIONPROGRAMME (DPRP), 19 - 20TH MARCH 2002, ORGANISED BY THEDEPARTMENT OF PANCHAYAT & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Representation

The workshop was attended by the Chief guest, Hon. Minister of Panchayat & RuralDevelopment, Mr. Amitesh Shukla, Hon. Minister of state, Mr. Tuleshwar Singh andHon. Minister, S.C.S.T. Commission, Mr. Ramdayal Uike.

The M. P. DPIP team including project co-ordinator, Smt. Gauri Singh, FinanceController Mr. Jitendra Singh & PFT,co-ordinator Shri G. S. Tekam.

The participants included members from PRIs, Government Officers, NGO personnel andpeople's representatives from various districts.

The CG team included Secretary, Panchayat & Rural Development Mr. M. K. Raut,Deputy Secretary finance, CEOs of Zila Panchayats and block Panchayats.

Issues of concern

* Prior efforts in similar programmes: In the inaugural speech, the Secretary,P&RD said that so far, the programmes implemented previously have had limitedsuccess in reducing poverty because of paucity of funds through DPIP withassistance from the World Bank an effort has to be made to attack poverty.

* Hon. Minister of state, P&RD in his speech said that the programme beingimplemented for the uplifpment and empowerment of poor tribal should addressthe following aspects during the implementation of the programme:

> Transparency in planning and execution> Ensure people's participation> Involvement of Panchayati Raj Institutions.

* The programme coordinator of MP DPIP, Mrs. Gauri Singh gave the guidelinesinformation on implementation and objectives and approach of the programme. Theproject will institutionalize the core values, which are:

Peoples' participationEmpowerment

v Process orientationV DecentralizationV Learning through experiences/ Transparency and collaboration/cooperation

About the project approach:In order to achieve its objectives the project has adopted the following

approach:> Empower disadvantaged groups by putting funds under their direct control group

bank accounts.> Ensure that groups, in view of their need, can select and develop Sub-projects by

taking various possibilities into consideration. They will not be restricted to useproject funds for some specific activities only. However, the activities on which fundsare utilized must fulfill the objectives of the project. Community will be free to seektechnical support from government and non-government persons & organizations.

> Support and strengthen groups having common needs and problems.> To ensure group participation, the decision making process will be closely monitored

and approval to Sub-projects will be given only when decision-making process isdemocratic, healthy and participatory in nature.

> To develop participation and feeling of ownership, create credibility and foster aculture of local financing, cost recovery and user charges by requiring communitycash contributions for Sub-projects and creation of Group and village funds;

> Strengthen local governments at the district and village levels by giving themresponsibility for the budgeting, its disbursement and monitoring of group activities.

> Ensure transparency, widespread information, and communication and learning aboutthe project and groups' performance, successes and failures through formal andinformal mechanisms created by the project.

Feedback from NGO representatives

Smt. Hemlata Sahu, Mahila Shiksha Kalyan Evam Prashikshan Parishad

* For selection of beneficiaries a baseline study and wealth ranking is being done inthe Gram Sabha. This could be done on the basis of the IDEP implementationand evaluation parameters, IDEP being mainly based on economic development.

* Participation of women in the project should be ascertained.* The implementation of the project should be done through public participation.* The process of approval by the Gram Sabha is important.* The income generating schemes should be on the basis of the demands of the

people.

Smt. Satya Bhama Awasthi, Vasudha Mahila Manch

* People from similar socio economic situations should be brought together in theCIG.

* Selection cannot be made on the basis of the BPL list since many a time it doesnot cover the people who may be in actual need. A special list of actual people inneed, needs to be made.

* Need to clarify the conditions under which a grant of Rs. 30, 000 is given, and the5 percent advance is not justified for a poor person. It could be given in the formof labour, materials etc. that could be used by the beneficiary.

* Apna Kosh needs specific descriptions on how and when it will be utilised.* It is essential to mention how many minimum or maximum members could form

a group.* In a tribal area the project must be sensitive to the basic needs and the culture of

the area.Further clarification is needed on the role of PRIs in the project, the process ofmonitoring and evaluation of the same.It has been seen in all government projects that no social and cultural aspects havebeen considered while launching the project, especially for women. These aspectsneed to be taken into consideration.

. The out line of the project seems promising but in the later stage muchgovernment interference might discourage the beneficiary. More publicparticipation and less government interference needs to be ensured.

* Over and above economic planning, planning specially on education, health,social crime, torture against women and children, clean environments, prohibitionagainst drugs etc. needs to be looked at along with economic development toachieve the goal.

Shri Vijay Tiwari, Gram Sewa Sansthan

* Sending a notice to the Sarpanch/Secretary of the Gram Panchayat and displayingit at public places is an option. But one cannot be sure that everyone will be awareof it, there fore a communication strategy is a must.

* The process and the means of communication adopted must be in response to thereality of the area, as this will determine the success or failure of the project.

* The implementers of the project must have a complete understanding of theproject.

* It must be ensured that the implementers carry out the baseline survey and theconsequent categorization and finalization of the beneficiaries.

* It must be ensured that the project process is bottom up i.e. from the beneficiaryto the state level.

* It must be ensured that people from similar economic situations and with similarinterests come together.

* After the groups are formed, they must be adequately trained and empowered,according to their needs and understanding.

* It is proposed that a separate team for the project is instituted.

20th March 2002

Initial discussion started with "Criteria for selection of Block". Major suggestionfrom the participants were as follows:

v Priority to Tribal Blocks./ Focus on backward classes and literacy level.v/ Priority to unreachable forest areas.V Priority to poor rather than particular caste/class.

In line with the MP DPIP./ Develop one model village.

Further four groups were formed among the participants to discuss four major issues forsuccessful implementation of the programme:

A. TRIBAL STRATEGY:

The group focussed on the relevance of entry-point activities especially forthe tribal dominated areas as:

> Tribals have a rich culture and heritage> The tribes have different style of working> The local dialect varies from non - tribal areas> The tribals have a strong social structure but lack in economic advancement.

The discussions led to the conclusion that there is a need to address thetribals first but at the same time other poor people should also benefit from theDPIP programme. Hence each of the CIG members should be made aware of theprogramme and related activities so that the group becomes self-sufficient.

B. ROLE OF NGOs:

This group suggested that among the three members of PFT if two arefrom G.O. then third one should be NGO personnel.. During the discussion thefollowing points were highlighted:

> Good NGOs should be given opportunity> Regular training of the PFT members should be conducted.> PFT while working at the district level has major responsibility of monitoring.) Women members from NGO should be given preference

C. GENDER STRATEGY:

The group came out with the following suggestions:

> 80% of the groups (CIG) formed should be of women.> Priority should be given to the widow, divorcee, dependent, landless, and physically

handicapped persons.> While selecting the activities stress should be on women - oriented activities that will

lead to their empowerment.> There should be no compulsion on women for 10% contribution.

D. COMMUNICATION:

According to this group, the local people should be considered as primarysource and the data needs to be collected through:

> PRA technique> House to House visit> Group - meetings of men & women (combined as well as separate)> Wealth - ranking> Training of the CIG (common interest group) as well as PFT (project facilitation

team) members along with the people's representatives.> Continuous interaction between the PFT & CIG members.

PHASE II-AUGUST 25-26, 2002:CONSULTATIONS WITH GRAM PANCHAYATS IN BILASPUR WITH SELECTEDVILLAGES UNDER DPRP PILOTS.

Notice and information circulated in villages before the meeting.

All the villages are hereby informed that Chhattisgarh Government has proposed tolaunch the DPIP Programme with the help of the World Bank. The main features of thisprogramme are as under:-

1. This is an effort of the government to reduce the poverty of villages, inaccordance with the needs of the people.

2. The main target group of the project is the poorest of the poor, especially tribaland women.

3. The main aim of this project is to provide them with opportunities of self-progress, which will lead to income enhancement and improve their social status.

4. The process employed in this project will include, establishing a dialogue with thevillage people, forming groups, enhancing the capacities of and strengthening thegroups, preparation, implementation and evaluation of sub-projects includingbudget preparation and allotments. The project will emphasise on learning byexperience.

5. A process of wealth ranking will be followed among the families in the villageand 70% of the poorest families will be selected as beneficiaries. In apredominantly tribal or schedule caste village, all the families will be selected inthe project.

6. Through the project, every poor family will be entitled to get a maximum of Rs.30000.

7. Beneficiaries of this project, will form groups of five or more people, and jointlyselect the economic activity they want to carry out. The maximum membership ofthe group is not restricted.

8. The economic activity/project selected by the group will have to be sanctioned bythe Gram Sabha.

9. Every group will have to contribute 5% of the demanded grant, for their sub-project.

10. On completion of the sub-project, the group will deposit 10% of the income intothe Apna Kosh account, for use in village development.

11. To ensure transparency in implementation of the group's activities, every groupwill maintain a cashbook and a register, and will have to present their expendituredetails to the Gram Sabha from time to time.

August 25th 2002,Village - Kanchanpur, Block - Kota

People: Villagers of Kanchanpur

Government Representatives: Mr. M.K. Raut, Development Commissioner.Mr. Anil Rai, CEO BilaspurCEO Janpad - KotaMr. Ranjan Jha

World Bank Representatives: Mr. Luis ConstantinoMs. Madhavi PillaiMs. Varalakshami

NGO Representatives: Gram Sewa Sansthan,Vasudha Mahila Manch,Mahila Shiksha Kalyan Evam Prashikshan ParishadSanket Development Group.

Major issues of concern/ proceedings of the meeting:

After giving a brief introduction to the project, one of the issues that were raised by Mr.Raut was that of skill development and of realising the skills that already exist with

people. A number of skills were identified by the gram sabha as skills that already existamongst people. Some of them were:-- Fishery- Goatery- Forest related skills- Poultry- Construction of Stop dams- Construction of Water pond- Construction of roadsA point was, thus, put up by Mr. Raut that those projects should be identified of whichpeople already have some knowledge and skill. He also added that projects which areviable in nature should also be given priority. However, the decision related to the projectlies completely with the people and members of the CIG and all sub projects areapproved by the gram sabha.

August 26th 2002,Village - Harradi, Gram Panchayat - Harratola, Block - Gaurella

Representations of various groups

People: Members of CIGs form pilot villages and membersform other villages of Gaurella

Government Representatives: PRI Representatives,Janpad Panchayat members,Mr. Anil Rai, CEO Bilaspur

World Bank Representatives: Mr. Luis ConstantinoMs. Madhavi Pillai

NGO Representatives: Sanket Development Group.

Major issues of concern/ Proceedings of the meeting:

* People from 11 villages had gathered to welcome the World Bank team. Out of these11 villages, only 3 come under the pilot project.. 54 CIGs had already been formed in the gram panchayat and 31 had already openedtheir accounts. Some of the groups have already deposited the whole of 5 % that they aresupposed to contribute towards the sub project.* Some people had taken loans on interest from other villagers for depositing thisamount. They were advised by Mr. Rai, CEO Zila Panchayat to return the money to theircreditors as soon as possible and to deposit money only when they have their own.. There was a lot of anxiety amongst people regarding when the project is going to start.Mr. Rai advised people that they should be patient as the project may take 4-5 month inreaching the implementation period.

* Most of the groups had taken up Animal husbandry esp. goatery as their projectactivity. Some other sub projects that the CIGs had decided were brick kiln, vegetableshop, kirana / ration shop, poultry, thread making, auto rickshaw, tube wells, SangeetMahavidyalaya, etc.* Some people also expressed desire to get the money on an individual basis. They wereadvised by Mr. Anil Rai that they can take money under some other scheme.. Mr. Rai also gave information regarding how the common land can be used for growingfodder in case many groups are taking up activities such as goatery, dairy, etc.

PHASE III-NOVEMBER 16-18, 2002

HAMLET AND VILLAGE CONSULTATIONS IN PENDRA (Villages Jumdi Khurd,Amadand, Navagaon and Jhabar) AND GAURELLA BLOCKS (VillageAndhiyaar Kho), BILASPUR

No. of villages covered 5 (Jumdi Khurd, Amadand, Navagaon, Jhabar, AndhiyaarKho)

16th November, 2002Meeting at Semraha, Andhiyaar Kho Panchayat, Gaurella Block.

People: 30-40 men and women of the Baiga community, dominantin the pada, and some men from the Rathaur community.

Govt. Functionaries: Accountant from Janpad Panchayat, Gaurella.

Facilitators: Sanket Development Group

No major issues of concern were raised the people felt that they needed time tounderstand the programme and give their feedback at the consultation meeting scheduledon 18th November 2002.The facilitators informed them that in case they had any issues ofconcern they must raise them in the meeting.

Semaraha being a pada far from the main centre of the Gram Panchayat, Andhyar Kho,there was some cynicism about whether the scheme would percolate down to all thesescattered hamlets, which are independent by virtue of the different communities livingthere.

17th November, 2002Meeting at para of Jumdi Khurd, Lata Panchayat, Pendra.

People: 10 men of the Oraon tribe, which is the dominant group inthe said pada.

Govt. Functionaries: Mr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, PendraMr. Dau, Janpad Panchayat, PendraDr. Vishwakarma, PFT member, DPIP-MP, Rewa District.


Major issues of concern raised by the people

Different livelihood options (subprojects), which can be undertaken under the DPRP,were discussed in terms of their possibility and viability:

* Improvement in their current agricultural activities - the group felt that help fromDPRP could be put effectively to improve their current agricultural activities. Thesecould be related to providing infrastructure such as irrigation facilities (canals, wells,pumpsets), and in training the community to enhance present agriculture skills since thesame has been imbibed and not inherited. Upon further inquiry, the members pointed outthat since they do not use 'modem' agriculture practices such as use of fertilisers, thispointed to the need for agriculture extension in this field.

* Animal husbandry-most of the Oraons are not experienced in animal husbandry;it was felt by them that it would be easier to rear small animals like goats, pigs, andpoultry which are easier and less expensive to rear in comparison to stall fed cattle.According to the group, the forest departments had already indicated that they couldprovide land for pastureland development.

* Oraons, traditionally forest dwellers, are very knowledgeable about local forestproduce and its usage, and use of forest products is an integral part of their daily lives. Inthe discussion it was brought out that their knowledge of existence, ability to locate,identify and collect forest produce and to make it into usable products could be supportedby sensitive marketing support, and this could lead to sustaining their livelihoods. TheOraons felt that this support is required both for increasing their own procurementcapacities and to market within the existing local markets. -

* Many of the Oraons today are labourers working in the neighbouring stone cuttingquarries, which provide gitti (gravel) for road construction. The trading of this gitti isdone at different levels, before it reaches the final contractor of the road construction.There was a discussion in the group on whether a CIG could get involved in this processof trading, though most were unclear on the marketing channels and abilities needed forthe same.

It is clear from these discussions that the local economy is still largely a fairly closedeconomy and its interface with externalities are more in terms of trade and relations ofexchange. The Oraons will require substantial managerial and skill support in organisedlivelihoods systems and marketing and financial support to increase their capacities toeam better from their traditional livelihood sources.

Forming CIGs

* There was some discussion on the difficulty of coming together and forming agroup due to differences in economic conditions. This could give rise to conflicts, basedon resources contributed by CIG members. An example given by one member of thecommunity was that on building a common well there could be different individual needsfor water on land holdings, which may create conflict between members.

17th November, 2002Meeting at pada of Jumdi Khurd, Lata Panchayat, Pendra.

People: 8-10 men and women of the Dhanuar tribe, who reside in the pada.

Govt. Functionaries: Mr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, Pendra Mr. Dau, JanpadPanchayat, PendraDr. Vishwakarma, PFT member, DPIP-MP, Rewa District.


Note:The residents of this hamlet have received some information on this programme.However they are still in the process of understanding this project and hence have notbeen able to see themselves as a part of this project. Therefore this meeting was used tounderstand the economic situation and livelihood options available to this community inthe light of the project.

Observations based on the discussions held

This is a hamlet of the main village Jumdi Khurd. The total area of the hamlet is about 15acres including farmlands. It consists of a community of 11 families of the Dhanuhaartribe. This tribe was originally a hunting tribe, deriving its name from the 'dhanush' orbow (made of bamboo) and hence the community's inherent association with Bamboo.

Today the members of the community have shifted to making of bamboo articles,agricultural labour and procurement and sale of forest produce.

Most of the bamboo work however is restricted in its variety. The articles are made forsale in the 'haat' or market and in the nearby villages where there is a demand for thesame. When the articles are sold in the village 'haat', the maker often gets a very lowprice for them. While both men and women are engaged in the making of the articles, it isthe men who do the marketing and trading. The bamboo used is procured by the maker orsupplied by the buyer.

Labour is another source of livelihood for both men and women. This could be in theform of agricultural labour, cow herding.

They are also engaged in collecting for'est produce for self-consumption and for sale. Thisincludes a fruit called 'Bhakranda', a weed called 'Charauta' and leaves of the Sarai tree.This fetches them a nominal amount. They also have very small 'badis', on which theygrow mostly 'jowar' for self-consumption.

Most of these transactions for labour and goods are made in kind, the return for which isusually husked rice or poor quality grain.

Issues of concern

* The community has developed a specific skill related to bamboo work over theyears. Enhancing this skill, formalising procurement systems for raw material andencouraging further expansion and introduction of variety in this activity will help thecommunity in developing this activity into a viable livelihood option.

* The traditional market system of the community is a barter system, and usuallymuch of the exchange takes place with neighbouring communities who the Dhanuars arefamiliar with. As interactions with a larger market economy increase the channels,expertise awareness and communication systems need to be developed in the community.

* Most importantly there are very few available resources with this community tostart an enterprise. Existing resources thus need to be understood and tapped to theirfullest potential in order to ensure sustained livelihood options.

17th November, 2002Meeting at Dongrapara, Village Amadand, Amadand Panchayat, Pendra.

People: Sarpanch of Amadand and a few villagers belonging to theKanwar from Dongrapada



There could not be a full meeting in Amadand since many of the villagers were out onwork and due to a lack of time the team had to go further on to the neighbouring villages.However discussions with the Sarpanch and villagers revealed that the CIGs had beenformed in the village for the last six months and the people were still waiting for theinitiation of the programme. There is great enthusiasm to start with the same soon.

17 'h November, 2002Meeting at Village Navagaon, Navagaon Panchayat, Pendra.

People: Embroidery workers of Navagaon belonging to the Muslimcommunity.



The group present were embroidery workers who have recently become trainers, trainedwomen in different villages to embroider on intricate designs on silk. This has beeninitiated and supported by local leaders and the government to train women to work athome. The effort however is at its initial phase, the market for the same still needs to beexplored and there is a great degree of talent, skill and quality required for the productionof this embroidered cloth. It definitely came across as an option for those talented inembroidery, but the certainty of market and sustenance of the same as a livelihood optionseems to be questionable till one sees the project move further.

Though there was less knowledge on the programme itself, experiences showed that thecommunity present at the meeting seemed enterprising and open to venturing out tonewer options related to livelihoods.

17th November, 2002Meeting at Harijanpara of Village Jhabar, Lata Panchayat, Pendra.

No. of Villages covered 2

People: 40-50 men and women of the Chamar community, whoreside in the pada.



Major Issues of concern among men's group in Harijanpara

* Most of them own little land (less than one acre) and are not able to meetsubsistence needs through farming on the lands - it is not clear whether they own the landor are sharecroppers.* Goat rearing, pisciculture, carpentry and shoe making are the other economicactivities the community is currently involved in. The community discussed the viabilityof expanding these activities in terms of skills, market facilities and existing resources.* The members also shared the concern that there might be a danger if all the CIGstake up the same activity. For example if all of them take up carpentry then where wouldthey market the goods? Hence a variety of activities need to be initiated.* Some new options for subprojects, which the CIGs can take up, were suggested.This included trading in buffalo bulls, activities related to transportation and minorirrigation work.

Major Issues of concern among the women's group in Harijanpara

* The women in Harijanpara would prefer to work in a large group of over fivemembers* The main activity pursued by women at present besides agricultural labour wastrading vegetables between markets and households, of which the profits made areminimal. The women discussed a scope of expanding this activity to a larger tradingactivity, exploring better markets where the same could be sold for higher prices. Theyalso discussed that they could diversify and trade other goods like grain, goats, vessels,etc.

Observation

* Processing of leather and using it for shoe making is the traditional skill of thecommunity. While the older generation is aware of the various processes and techniquesinvolved, they emphasised that the younger generation has not learnt this skill. This maybe attributed to the social stigma attached to this activity and hence the communityhistorically. The community has picked up new skills like goat rearing, carpentry, etc andis willing to enterprise on the same.

17th November, 2002Meeting at Village Jhabar, Lata Panchayat, Pendra.

People: 20-25 men of the Gond tribe and Chamar community, whoreside in the village.



Major issues of concern

* Can the DPRP funds be used as a common fund resource from which individualscan draw money to start their own enterprises?* Another major concern was that the groups have been formed and been involvedin saving activities for the last six months, and have been waiting for the funds to initiatetheir sub projects.* The money that is given for village development by the CIG should not beexhausted in one time. What are the ways in which this could be kept alive and floating?* Will the number of CIGs remain the same as they are today? There are manypeople who have lost faith and disbanded from the CIGs. It was clarified that once a fewCIGs start their work and are successful others would and could also form more CIGs

later. There is scope for linking with financial institutions, which will help instrengthening and expansion of the CIG and its activities.* Has it been successful in other villages?* The success of this programme requires the cooperation and the assistance of thepeople in the village. Hence, one will need to ensure effective participation andinvolvement of the Gram Sabha.

18th November, 2002; DPRPSemraha pada, Andhiyaar kho , Gram Panchayat Andhiyaar khoGaurella block

Representation:

People: Semraha is dominantly a Baiga pada, hence mostlymembers of the Baiga tribe were present. There were someindividuals from the Rathaur community who comprise afew households in the pada. Both men and women werepresent, with the women comprising about 30% of the totalgroup present.

There were also some people from the main village ofAndhiyaar Kho present. The Sarpanch of the Panchayat, amember of the Gond tribe of Andhiyaar Kho was alsopresent.

Government Functionaries: Mr. Anil Rai, CEO, Zilla Panchayat, BilaspurMr. Paraste, CEO, Janpad Panchayat, GaurellaDr. Mishra, CEO, Janpad Panchayat, PendraMr. Pradhan, ADO, GaurellaMr. Khokhar, ADO, MarwahiMr. Thakur Singh, Janpad Panchayat, PendraMr. Dau, Janpad Panchayat, PendraSachiv, Andhiyaar Kho

Representatives of the Dept. of Panchayatand Rural Department - Ranjan and Rajat

Representative fromthe World Bank: Mr. Warren Waters

Representatives from Sanket Development Group: Dr. P. Bose. Maheen Mirza, SayantoniDatta, Neha Pradhan

The details of the scheme were explained by the government functionaries and thenissues raised by the people were addressed.

Issues and concerns raised:

1. The absence of a lump sum of money, which is, required as initial contribution ofeach member of the CIG.-This issue was raised by a woman belonging to the Rathaur community first, and thenlater by a man from the Rathaur community.The Government response to the same was that since the project is yet to start, there istime to save and build the lump sum required for the initial contribution to the CIG. If agroup of very poor men or women do not have this money even then, the village candecide to loan them the money, which they can pay back within a year or so, when thesub-project initiated by them brings its returns.2. The people of the village have very small land holdings (The largest holding isthat of 8-9 acres) if at all. There are many landless labourers also. What can be done bythem and where?The Baiga men and women raised the issue.The Government response to the same was that an enterprise, which can be done on asmall piece of land and once they, start getting their returns, they can take larger pieces ofland on lease.3. It is difficult to meet subsistence needs and family members are constantlyengaged in labour in other farms or in government programmes. They get paid in grainfor the same.This issue was raised by members of the Baiga community.4. There is no electricity and this worsens the water problem in the village.This issue was raised by many members of the group present.The government response to the same was that to make provisions for electricity issomething which will take a long time. Hence, the people can use alternatives like dieselpumps to draw water for irrigation. They can come together as CIGs in the village, pooltheir resources together and take up minor irrigation projects like lift irrigation to addressthe water problem in the village.5. Is there a minimum number of CIGs that need to be formed in the selected villagebefore an interested and ready group can get the money to initiate the sub-project?This question was raised by the Sarpanch.The response from the government functionary was that there are no such criteria. Agroup of interested 5 people have to come together, make the initial contribution andprepare a proposal for the sub-project they want to initiate. The money will then besanctioned to them. After a period of time, someone from the block or district level willcome and see the sub-project being managed and then more money will be sanctioned.The Gram Sabha would have to be informed of the sub-project and its management, allthrough the process also.6. The process of this scheme has to implemented and managed by the peoplethemselves. The final say will be that of the Gram Sabha and the CIG will have to beworking with the Panchayat. The returns will also have to be managed so that they raisethe income of the CIG members as well as feed back into the sub-project initiated.This point was made by the government functionary.Some people responded by saying that they will be able to manage the sub-project.

7. Livelihood options like rearing goats or pigs, minor irrigation programmes likedigging of wells, procurement of pumps, and construction of tanks (which can be used forpisciculture also) were demanded and suggested by the people.These demands and suggestions were made by the people.The government response to the same was that such projects could be taken up by themembers of the CIGs by pooling in their resources and using the project money. Somedetails of these livelihoods were discussed.8. Proforma currently being used for collection of baseline data (see annexure) wasexplained to Mr.Warren. All the data collected by the PFTs during this exercise will beanalysed at district and state level. This data will help in framing, monitoring andlearning indicators.

ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK - World...

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