Entry 1

Attitudes. Attitudes are positive or negative evaluation of objects of thoughts. Objects

thoughts may include a lot such as, social issues, groups, institutions, consumers product ,

people and so on.

Its divided into 3 components which is cognitive component, affective component

and behavioral component. Cognitive component, it is a beliefs and also an idea. They do

something that they believe or just an idea suddenly. Affective component, it is an emotional

and also feelings. They like to do anything based on their emotion or feelings. Behavioral

component, it is a predispositions to act. Such as some people say that he never hire women

as worker.

Research has indicated that there are many factors at play in attitude change. A

source of persuasion who is credible, expert, trustworthy, likable, and physically attractive

tends to be relatively effective in stimulating attitude change.

Theories of attitudes change. Evaluative conditioning which is affective component.

Operant conditioning which is reward or punishment. Besides, observational learning which

is monkey see, monkey do. Operant conditioning is a form of learning which responses come

to be controlled by their consequences. Other than that, observational learning is when an

organism’s responding is influenced by the observation of other, who are call models.

Theories of attitudes change, cognitive dissonance. Counter-attitudinal behavior. It is states

of tension ,reduce dissonance, believing own lies. Effort justification is justify efforts that

haven’t worked out.

High dissonance about counter-attitudinal behavior will cause attitudes change.

Throughout an experiment, dissonance about counter-attitudinal does cause attitudes change.

Entry 2

Conformity and group behaviour. Conformity is a group size to a point, group unanimity and

presence of dissenter. Social pressure is one of the issue. Besides, subsequent studies prove

that group size influences conformity, with larger groups increasing conformity. Follow up

studies also prove that group unanimity significantly influences conformity; if just one person

doesn’t go along with the dissenter, subjects are significantly less likely to conform.

The emotional distance of the victim, closeness and legitimacy of the authority. For

example, verbal prods, physical presence, must be perceived as legitimate and hospital nurse

such as phone call. Behavior in group, the influences by other people.

The bystander effect. The effect when people are less likely to help when they are in

groups than alone, diffusion of responsibility, ambiguous situations . group productivity and

group size, loss of efficiency and lack of coordination. Social loafing- reduction or effort.

Ease up when can blend with crowd because of agreeableness, consciousness and high

motivation.

Benefits of a group. For example, team doctors better than 1 , team of students

outperform individuals in academic tasks, chef in team better than 1 just because of groups

are better in solving complicated logic problems.