Enterprise Tuesday - Opportunity Recognition 6th nov 2012
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Transcript of Enterprise Tuesday - Opportunity Recognition 6th nov 2012
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Dr Shai Vyakarnam
Enterprise Tuesday 2012/13
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FireLaptopsPhonesBadgesNetworking
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Thank you to our sponsors and supporters
Departments
Bronze Sponsor
Other Supporters
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CfEL
Student societies
Business community
Cambridge
Enterprise and
incubators
Departments
FOREntrepreneurship
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Entrepreneurial Learning - Journey
INSPIRATION INTENTION INFORMATION IMPLEMENTATION
Enterprise Tuesday
Enterprisers
ETECH Projects
Ignite
Postgraduate Diploma in Entrepreneurship
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Bragging rights of CfEL
Students so far 14,000+
Programmes and events 170
Alumni ventures created 140+
Supported alumni of Ignite to raise £85m+
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1spatial
2011
2006
Apama
Autonomy
Mike Lynch
BangoRay Anderson
David Cleevely
Aveva
Datanomic
Acquired by Oracle
Job stream
John Brimacombe
LinguamaticsJohn Brimacombe David Milward
Alertme.com
Pilgrim BeartAdrian Critchlow
Artimi
David BakerMark MooreJack Lang
Blinkx
Suranga Chandratillake
CacheLogic
Adam Twiss
Velocix (A wholly owned subsidiary of
Alcatel-Lucent) CRFS
Alistair Massarella David Cleevely
DisplayLink
Andrew Fisher Tim Glaue Martin King
JagexAndrew Gower
Paul GowerConstant Tedder
Merged with Solarflare Communication
Light Blue
OpticsAdrian Cable
Metalysis
Derek Fray George Chan Tom Farthing
Featurespace David Excell William FitzgeraldMike Lynch
Aurasma
Cambridge CMOS
Sensors
Florin Udrea Julian Gardner
Bill Milne
Amantys
Patrick Palmer Pete Magowan
Bryn Parry Mark Snook
Eight19
Richard Friend Henning
Sirringhaus Neil Greenham
Cognovo
Tony Milbourn Gordon Aspin
Charles SturmanMark Collins
Richard FryRonny Jonckheere
Pascal Herczog
Acquired by Thales UK
Acquired by Fulton Innovation
Bromium
Simon CrosbyGaurav Banga
Ian PrattBreathing Buildings
Shaun Fitzgerald Andy Woods
Enecsys Asim MumtazLesley Chisenga
Owlstone Nanotech
Andrew KoehlDavid Ruiz-Alonso Billy Boyle
Acquired by CSR
Acquired by Progress Software
Corporation
Acquired by Sumitomo Chemical
John BatesGiles Nelson
Richard Marsh
nGame
Zinwave
Ian WhiteRichard Penty
Linked with Existing Firms
New Generations
Acquired by Staccato Communications
Acquired by HP
Green PB
Vasant Kumar
Qflo
Alan Windle Martin Pick
Camfridge
Inotech AMDDerek Fray
Derek Fray
Enval
Howard Chase
Netronome
Niel Viljoen David Wells Johann Tönsing
Camrivox
Jonathan CustanceJames Green
Green Custard
Jonathan Custance, James Green
Cronto
Igor Drokov Elena Punskaya
True Knowledg
e
William Tunstall-Pedoe Laura James
Cantab Wireless
Juha Korhonen
Camvine
Quentin Stafford-Fraser Michael Dales
Global Inkjet
SystemsNick Geddes
Fig 1
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The essence Enterprise Tuesday
What is entrepreneurship?
EVENINGS 8 CHAPTERS
Personal insights Role modesDeeper understanding - ideas to market
Meet like minded people
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Resources
Certificate of attendance:
ONLY for University of Cambridge students who attend a minimum of 6 sessions
Background readings and LinkedIn discussion groups
Videos and podcasts available via the University’s Streaming Media Service (SMS) and CfEL web site
www.cfel.jbs.cam.ac.uk
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Enterprise Tuesday Timetable 2011
Nov 6 Recognising Opportunities
Professor Sir Richard Friend
Dr Simon Bransfield-GarthDr Seena Rejal
Nov 8 Mindsets and Motivation
Dr Darrin Disley
Nov 15 Spotting Market Opportunities
Dr Tony Raven; Shirley Jamieson and Dr Andrea Cantone
Pneumacare; Polymer Opal and Nanopores
Nov 22 Serendipity or Hard Work
Rahul Vohra
Dr Shamus Husheer
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Roll Call
Prof Sir Richard Friend
Dr Simon Bransfield- Garth
Dr Seena Rejal
Dr Darrin Disley
Dr Tony Raven
Shirley Jamieson
Dr Andrea Cantone
Rahul Vohra
Dr Shamus Husheer
• Lord Karan Bilimoria• Chris Barnardo• Richard Blakesley• Prof Sir Greg Winter• Rolf Guenther• Sherry Coutu• Jack Lang• Robert Brady• Peter Cowley• Monish Suri
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Opportunity Recognition
Dr Shai Vyakarnam
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What is opportunity recognition?
Kirzner
Schumpeter
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We know about the successes…
iPAD Easyjet
Taj Mahal and the other Wonders of the World
Religious ideas!ChocolateCoffee
Fashion
Bond MoviesMobile phones
Penicillin
Beatles
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Ones that got away!
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In reality what we see..Opportunity co-creation (Effie’s work)
• Shape and co-create the opportunity –
• Business models – value chains
• Technology from lab to product
• Create products and services – people will pay for
• Make bets
Fuzzy front endManagement teams, supply chains, government agencies, investors, Researchers come together
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What boxes should it tick?
Emotional
• Excite the founder to commit
• Belief
Intellectual
• Understand it – deeply
Rational
• Early evidence of markets and customer need
• Affordable loss (risk)
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Three perspectives of opportunity
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Recognising Opportunities
Prof Sir Richard Friend FRSCavendish Professor at the University of Cambridge
Dr Simon Bransfield GarthCEO, Azuri and Eigh19
Dr Seena RejalChairman, Cambridge Policy Associates
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Plastic Electronics:the technology landscape
Richard FriendCavendish Laboratory
University of Cambridge
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H
H H H
H
HHH
H H
H
H H
HH
H H
H
Solutions of a range of semiconducting
polymers:
PPV: the prototypical fluorescent semiconducting polymer:
Delocalised p-electrons provide both conduction and valence bands
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Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes
indium/tin oxide
poly(p-phenylenevinylene)aluminium, magnesiumor calcium
glass substrate
nExternal Circuit
Jeremy Burroughes, Donal Bradley et al.
Nature, 347, 539 (1990), US patent 5,247,190
1992 - foundation of Cambridge Display Technology, CDT
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Organic LED technology:
Engineering: chemical synthesis
[CDT partnership with/acquisition by Sumitomo Chemical Company]
‘semiconductor’ purity levels achieved, detailed chemical modifications made to improve efficiency and lifetime.
LED lifetimes: 1990 - few minutes1996 - 1000 hours2010 > 100,000 hours (projected)
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Inkjet Deposition Process:
How to pattern the red, green and blue pixels? direct printing
• Polymer deposition by ink-jet printing
Printed Polymer in Bank Holes
OLED technology: printing
[CDT partnership in 1996 with Seiko-Epson Base Technology Research Center Tatsuya Shimoda, Takeo Kawase et al]
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Source: Sumitomo-CDT
Existing markets
Organic electronics – Status
Emerging applicationsAdvanced prototypes
Next generation applicationsDemonstrators, but technology challenges
OLED
OTFT
OPV Solar Cells
Paper-likeflexible displays
Mobile Power;building Integrated PV
All-polymer & next gen. displays;RFIDcircuitssensors
Source: PolyIC
-
Phones (45M units in 2010) MP3, camera
Lighting, wall-side TV
Source: Plastic Logic
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Organic Solar Cells?
π-conjugated molecules used in nature for photosynthesis, but:• green plants construct a very complex multiple
‘heterojunction’ structure to separate electron and hole
Current research and development:• ‘crude’ single heterojunction devices work much
better than they should….
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Green plant photosynthesis:
photosystem II makes O2 and hydroquinones
photosystem I makes NADPH
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Organic solar cells: simple recipe!
mix two semiconductors together so that there is a lot of interface between the “electron donor” and the “electron acceptor” materials
Poly(3-hexyl thiophene) – hole acceptor
Fullerene – electron acceptor
Solar energy conversion efficiencies now up to 10% with red-shifted polymers (2012)
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Encapsulation
Completed modules
CathodeActive layerPEDOTITOSubstrate
Manufacture of organic PV modules made on a flexible substrate using roll-to-roll methods
Eight19 Ltd (2010): roll-to-roll solar cells:
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Progress with organic solar cells:
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Eight19: printed polymer solar cells
Technology Push: • potential for lowest cost (materials and
manufacture)• potential to reduce full systems costs (low
weight, robust, unbreakable)
Falls short of a ‘market pull’……………
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Dr Seena Rejal
Chairman, Cambridge Policy Associates
Former Business Development & Financing, Eight19
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Overview
• What drives me
• How it all started (… in Cambridge)
• Before Eight19
• The ride with Eight19
• Next…
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Opportunity
Tech
‘Good’ Impact
Entrepreneurial
Disruptive Scale
Clever &
Unique
Affiliation
Team
Personal Drivers
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Cambridge Roots
• Entrepreneurship & Sustainability– key themes!
• Institute for Manufacturing
• CU Entrepreneurs
• Spin Offs / Startups
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Clinton Climate Initiative
• Leveraging markets to “Move the Needle”• High-impact, near-term, scalable solutions• Overcoming market failures• Intersection of policy, business, finance & tech• Entrepreneurial business-oriented team• Significant resources• Cross-tech (across CCS & Solar)
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Disruptive Startups - GT
• Negative Emissions Tech / CO2 Air Capture• High calibre team
– Kyoto Protocol authors– Princeton & Bell Labs physics
• Billionaire backers• Using power of markets• VEC Finalists• Business Development & Strategy
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OPV
‘Good’ Impact
Startup
BoP / ‘Ungrid’PAYG
Cambridge
Sir RF et al.
Eight19 Passed the Test!
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Impact of PAYG Solar
PAYG Solar
Health
Profit & Returns
Cleantech Market Devpt
Productivity & Education
Carbon Mitigation
Social & Gender Equity
UK Compet
Savings for BoP
Win-Win Outcomes
Virtuous Cycles of prosperity
Peace and Stability
$$
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Brief & Fit
• Fledgling concept• Execution play
• Build brand internationally• Educate market on PAYG solar• Find partners and customers• Raise finance needed to scale
Challenge was exciting; change it could affect, real.
Clean Energy
FinanceNGOs
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Finance
• Project Finance vs. Equity• Different investor types – tailoring needed!
– Impact investors, philanthropists, other patient cap– VCs and other angels
• Innovative project finance mechanisms– Revolving funds (‘Kickstart’)– EIS Mechanisms in the UK– CSR funds
• Lobbying of WB / IFC – challenge of ‘bankability’
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Network Effect & Tipping Points
Brand &Educate
Association
Guerilla
PrizesSocial Marketing
Thought Leadership
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Next…
• Tackling the ‘bankability’ market failure
• Cross-industry team
• Mobilising the masses
• You can be involved directly
• Stay tuned…
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Indigo Case HistoryEnterprise Tuesday
November 2012
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Solar panels
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Organic solar is a bit different
• Robust, lightweight plastic films• Based on abundant elements• Fraction of the embedded energy• Fraction of the CAPEX
• …. What’s not to like?
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Challenges
• Organic technology is still a research project• It has a product lifetime of 5 years or less• The existing solar market is commoditised and
barely profitable• Investors have been burned in recent years
• You need scale to compete• …But you can’t get scale until you are
competitive
• So what do you do?
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Finding a viable market
New Product, Existing Market
New Product, New Market
Existing Product, Existing Market
Existing Product, New Market
Building integrated solar
Consumer devices
Emerging markets
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Small companies only survive if they move fast
2010 2015 2020
Early Applications
Off-Grid On-Grid
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Huge Off-Grid Solar Market Opportunity
• 1.3Bn people without electricity• 600M people spend $15-35/yr to charge phones• $38Bn / year spent on kerosene lighting
TOTAL MARKET ~ $50Bn/yr
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Market Needs a New Business Model
Power is a pay-as-you-go Service…. But Solar is all UP FRONT + Maintenance/Repair
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Disruptive Innovation: Combine Mobile and Solar
Eight19 Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Change the game
Currently (Kenya)
• 900 KSh/mth for Kerosene ($10)• 20 KSh/charge for mobile
Total: ~$13/mth
Indigo
• 900 KSh install ($10)• 120 KSh/wk ($1.40)
Total: ~$6/mth
Customer cuts weekly energy spend by 50% or
more
AND
has 8 hours of light for 2 rooms
+mobile phone charging too
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Go beyond the obvious
3W
2 lights, phone
4 lights, phone, radio
4 lights, phone, radio, TV, sewing
machine
4 lights, phone, radio, TV
80W
40W
10W
Light
Disconnected
Energised
Work
Media
Home
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Build a vision (emergent strategy)
Energised home
TVLights
Phone / Internet
FridgeSewingmachine
12VGrid
• Grid connection ~$400-800• Bottom-up view of power
– Solar and battery cost is almost linear i.e. little economy of scale
– Losses in distribution– Centralised purchasing
• Un-Grid delivers power now– Appropriate solutions that build
with users needs– New generation of low power,
low voltage appliances– Vision of future power usage– Just as mobile replaced the
landline
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Studying with Kerosene lamp Studying with Indigo solar
Indigo in Action
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Geographical Deployment
Deployment
Early Deployment
Planned Deployment
Negotiations
Enquiry
Key: Indigo
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Why we do it
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
No simple answer
• Joy of creating something new• Exploring the unknown• Potential for wealth• Learning• Recognition• Impact• Solving a puzzle
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Success helps
Now I have Indigo, my household and I are sav-
ing time
Now I have Indigo, my household’s expenditure
on lighting and phone charging has decreased
3% 5%0% 3%5%6%
92% 86%
Strongly Agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Before: 2.3USD/week
Now:0.3USD
• 100% strongly agreed with the statement “Now I have Indigo, I am using less kerosene”
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Particularly when it is demonstratively beneficial
On average each student is studying an extra 2.5 hours per day
"I do better at school now because I can complete my homework every night" Indigo User, Female,
Class 8 Student
On average families are productive for an extra 3.2 hours per day
"I can open my shop for an extra 3.5hrs per day, instead of shutting at 6.30pm I stay open until 10pm" Indigo user, male
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Summary
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
Lessons
• We started in one place and finished somewhere quite different
• Move fast and focus on the achievable• Face reality: If it doesn’t work / can’t work –
change!• Be prepared to think outside the box• Capture a vision• Inspire others• Keep innovating
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Azuri Technologies Ltd - CONFIDENTIAL
“Today I live in the city”
- Mr Chabalala, Zambia