Enterprise System Integration with Web Services:

A Case Study with a Book Broker Application

by

Michael Ryan

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of M.S. in Computer Science

at

School of Computer Science and Information Systems

Pace University

August 2005

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ABSTRACT

Web services are gaining a tremendous amount of momentum in recent years as a viable tool in distributed computing. Web Services have evolved from other distributed technologies, which include Java RMI, CORBA, and DCOM, but their specification deficiencies with respect to complete platform and programming language independence, and interoperability are creating a need for a more suitable solution. Despite its youth, Web Services offer to provide such a solution by inheriting the beneficial traits of its predecessors, utilization of an IDL in the form of a WSDL (Web Service Description Language) for one, and at the same time, avoiding the negative aspects associated with its predecessors, which include tight coupling specifications, potential for firewall blocking, long development times, and higher costs. Through the use of standardized technologies (HTTP, SOAP, and XML), Web Services offer to deliver results. I present a book broker in two formats: as a web interface and as a Composite Web Service. Both formats provide book-pricing data from various vendors and book search functionality based on any combination of factors, such as author, title, publisher, keyword and ISBN. The purpose of this project is to provide a publicly accessible book broker that is superior in functionality to existing book brokers today, to enable developers to integrate my Web Service into their own applications, promoting data exchange regardless of the platform or programming language being used and lastly, to provide a good case study of how to bring out the best in Web Services.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Lixin Tao, for his guidance and expertise. Many times when I began to veer off course, he would step in and put me back on track. I would like to thank the department Chairperson, Dr. Narayan Murthy, for convincing me to pursue my thesis and making me aware of the potential personal rewards that come about from the entire process. A special thank you to Dr. Mary Courtney for her motivational comments, finding time to discuss my project and for re-shuffling her schedule on my behalf. Finally, I would like to thank my entire family for their feedback, support and love.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES viii

LIST OF FIGURES ix

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Enterprise Integration Dilemma 1 1.2 Web Service Defined 1 1.3 Enterprise Integration Web Service Solution 2 1.4 Phases of Adoption 4 1.5 CWS Solution 4 1.6 Overview 5

CHAPTER 2 B2B SYSTEM INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES

2.1 Distributed Computing Technologies 6 2.1.1 Java RMI 6 2.1.2 CORBA 7 2.1.3 DCOM 7 2.1.4 Web Service Evolution 8

2.2 Web Service Architecture 11 2.2.1 Protocol Layer-HTTP 11 2.2.2 Packaging Layer-SOAP 12 2.2.3 Information Layer-XML 14 2.2.4 Service Layer- Web Service & WSDL 14 2.2.5 Discovery Layer-UDDI 16 2.2.6 Alternative Layers-REST and HTML Scraping 17 2.2.7 Web Service Stack Analysis 18

2.3 Web Service Industry Trends 19 2.4 Current Book Broker Environment 20

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CHAPTER 3 CWS ANALYSIS & ARCHITECTURE

3.1 CWS Requirements 21

3.2 CWS Functional Specifications 22 3.3 CWS Design 24 3.3.1 Architecture 24 3.3.2 Methods Used 26 3.3.3 Data Structures 29 3.3.4 CWS Web User Interface-CWSUI 29 3.3.5 CWS Composite Web Service-CWSWS 29 3.3.6 Hardware and Software Specifications 30

CHAPTER 4 CWS IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Overview 31

4.2 CWS Web Interface 31 4.2.1 View 31 4.2.2 Controller 33 4.2.2.1 The searchIsbn() Method 35 4.2.2.2 Vendor methods 35 4.2.2.3 The amazon() Method 37 4.2.3 Model 38

4.3 CWS Web Service 38 4.3.1 CWS Service 38 4.3.1.1 Deployment 40 4.3.2 CWS Client 41 4.3.2.1 Java Client 42 4.3.2.2 .NET Client 43 4.3.3 CWS Discovery 43 4.3.3.1 Publishing CWS 44 4.3.3.2 Performing a CWS Query 45

CHAPTER 5 CWS TEST CASES

5.1 Use Case Verification 48 5.2 CWS vs. Current Book Brokers 61

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5.2.1 Third Party Web Services 61 5.2.2 BookFinder4u.com 64 5.2.3 Chambal.com 64 5.2.4 FetchBook.info 65

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION

6.1 CWS Interoperability Solution 66 6.2 Future of Web services 67 6.2.1 Market Research Statistics and Forecasts 67 6.2.2 Potential Trends 68 6.3 Potential Pitfalls 69

APPENDIX 1 Web service enabling products 71

APPENDIX 2 Index.jsp 84

APPENDIX 3 Results.jsp 86

APPENDIX 4 Controller.java 88

APPENDIX 5 BookBean.java 100

APPENDIX 6 Error.jsp 102

APPENDIX 7 Search.jsp 103

APPENDIX 8 CWS.wsdl 105

APPENDIX 9 Aboutus.jsp 107

APPENDIX 10 BookServerImpl.jws 108

APPENDIX 11 IBookSearch.java 120

APPENDIX 12 CWSBookSearchClient.java 121

APPENDIX 13 cwsForm.cs 125

APPENDIX 14 BookServerImplService.cs 130

APPENDIX 15 AssemblyInfo.cs 132

APPENDIX 16 PublishCWS.java 133

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APPENDIX 17 FindCWS.java 135

APPENDIX 18 Configurator.java 137

APPENDIX 19 PropCWS.properties 139

APPENDIX 20 CWS Build Manual 141

APPENDIX 21 CWS User Guide/Maintenance Manual 143

REFERENCES 146

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 Current Web Book Brokers 20

Table 2 CWS Hardware and Software Specifications 26

Table 3 UDDI Registry Access Point URLs 41

Table 4 Future Trends in Web Services 66

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Web Service Stack 10

Figure 2 SOA Model 24

Figure 3 Model 1 JSP Architecture 25

Figure 4 Model 2 JSP Architecture 25

Figure 5 CWS MVC Architecture 27

Figure 6 CWS Sequence Diagram 28

Figure 7 CWS Data From IBM UDDI Registry 45

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Enterprise Integration Dilemma

Enterprises continue to face the dilemma of integrating heterogeneous applications to

meet the demands of business. Firms struggle to manage the costs associated with

correcting internal, integration inefficiencies or with efforts to expand existing

applications to trading partners, service providers or third parties. Firms are continuously

attempting to maintain and improve their business-to-business (B2B), business-to-

consumer (B2C), department-to-department, or peer-to-peer relations. Web services are

gaining a tremendous amount of momentum in recent years as a viable solution to this

problem. Whether the environment is within an enterprise�s intranet or beyond their

firewall, Web services offer to connect disparate systems regardless of platform,

programming language or vendor.

1.2 Web Services Defined

In it simplest form, a Web service is an application or function that is defined and

published to be called over a network. Web services are classified as a distributed

technology, are appropriate to any type of networking environment and can support

business-to-business (B2B), business-to-consumer (B2C), department-to-department, or

peer-to-peer relations. Web services incorporate open standards (i.e. SOAP, XML,

HTTP), which result in a modular structure that provides a foundation for application

integration, data exchange, elimination of component �lock in� and improved

interoperability. The functionality provided by a Web service can vary from simple data

retrieval requests to complex business processes. A basic Web service may be

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discovered and invoked to access a weather report, research currency exchange rates, or

retrieve a book price. A more complex Web service may be invoked to handle multiple

transactions within an enterprise�s supply chain application, which includes purchase

orders, work orders, financial and client reporting, and manufacturing data.

One of the most compelling aspects of Web services is the ability to aggregate various

Web services into one higher-level Web service by way of process composition that is

executed in a specific sequence. The open standard, building blocks that make up the

Web service architecture allow for the implementation of multiple Web service

invocations and can lead to new functionality. A consumer can now invoke a composite

Web service and shop for multiple currency exchange rates from numerous Web services

all from one locale. An enterprise can improve their supply chain application by adding a

composite Web service that researches suppliers offering the best prices. Web service

composition creates more flexibility for consumers and enterprises, promotes code re-

usability and increased quality of service.

1.3 Enterprise Integration Web Service Solution

Through the use of open standards, process composition, and loose coupling

specifications, Web services offer to correct the integration problems many Enterprises

face today. The cause of these integration problems is that since many applications are

built around different platforms and programming languages, it is difficult to have these

applications interoperate effectively. Many business applications are written in various

programming languages, such as C++, Java, Visual Basic, and reside on various

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platforms, such as Windows or Linux based systems. Moreover, most business data are

still kept on mainframes in non-relational (VSAM) files and accessed by mainframe

applications written in COBOL. The programming languages themselves present a few

barriers. A few specific conflicts include the use of Java�s Collection class, passing an

array with a null element, and namespace conflicts. Despite these obstacles, Web

services present a solution by establishing a common ground for all parties to interoperate

effectively.

Additionally, in an effort to provide Web service guidelines, constraints and practical

recommendations, the Web Services Interoperability Organization (WS-I) has been

formed and delivers sets of use cases, profiles, sample applications and test tools. WS-I

has provided the Basic Profile (BP) 1.0 specification to address existing interoperability

issues. A few of the key BP constraints [8] include:

• Precludes the use of SOAP encoding • Requires the use of HTTP binding for SOAP • Requires the use of HTTP 500 status response for SOAP Fault messages • Requires the use of HTTP POST method • Requires the use of WSDL1.1 to describe the interface of a Web service • Requires the use of RPC-literal or document-literal forms of WSDL • Precludes the use of RPC-encodedï¾�style WSDL • Precludes the use of solicit-response and notification style operations • Requires the use of WSDL SOAP binding extension with HTTP as the required transport • Requires the use of WSDL1.1 descriptions for UDDI tModel elements representing a Web service

Overall, Web services are still in their youth, but the technology is being employed today

and is continuously undergoing fine-tuning. The optimism is so high that research firms

have laid out a potential schedule for its progress.

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1.4 Phases of Adoption

Surveys from leading market research firms (Gartner Group, Forrester, IDC, and others)

find the adoption of Web services involves three distinct phases of progression. The

initial phase entails organizations beginning to adopt Web Services behind the firewall.

They experiment with pilot projects to gain hands-on experience and implement low-risk

incremental strategies when migrating over to a Web service solution. As firms establish

a comfort zone, they progress to the next phase of Web service adoption where they start

integrating applications and business processes beyond the firewall. Enterprises begin to

build sophisticated, collaborative systems with trading partners. The final phase deals

with the presence of numerous publicly available Web Services. Firms initiate the

development of complex applications by pulling together and incorporating existing

public Web Services. Each phase presents numerous challenges for enterprises and

developers. These include security issues, interfacing with legacy systems, and service

level agreements.

1.5 CWS Solution

I present CWS, a book broker composite Web service that fulfills three objectives. First,

CWS provides a superior tool for consumers, allowing them to search for book

information from numerous web sites from one centralized web site. Currently,

numerous book brokers (i.e. Chambal.com, FetchBook, BookFinder4U) exist, but fail to

offer the same robust, book search functionality that CWS offers and are not making the

leap forward toward applying Web services technology.

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Secondly, CWS enables developers to integrate CWS� J2EE-based Web service into their

own applications regardless of the platform, programming language or component model

being used on their end. A .NET client application has no difficulty exposing CWS�

methods.

Lastly, CWS presents a good case study of how to bring out the best in Web Services by

emphasizing the power of process composition, the ability to alter the building blocks of

the Web service stack and providing dual B2B and B2C supports.

1.6 Overview

Chapter 2 begins with a brief summary of B2B distributed technologies and details the

component layers of the Web service standard. Recent Web service trends and the

current book broker environment are also discussed. Chapter 3 outlines CWS�

requirements, functional specifications through specific use cases and CWS� architecture.

Chapter 4 addresses the implementation of CWS� Web interface and composite Web

service. Chapter 5 covers test cases which verify how successful CWS is in satisfying the

use cases specified in Chapter 3, and how CWS� functionality matches up to third party

Web services and the major book brokers. Lastly, Chapter 6 details the future of Web

Services and the problems which still need to be addressed.

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CHAPTER 2 B2B INTEGRATION TECHNOLOGIES

2.1 Distributed Computing Technologies

Distributed computing, in its simplest form, deals with providing a tool for a client

program, running on a local host, to call or invoke a server method, running on a remote

host, and to retrieve the result of the remote execution. A client can utilize different

communication styles when contacting a remote server. A client can simply call a remote

method or procedure (Remote Procedure Call or RPC), invoke a method on a remote

object (Remote Method Invocation or RMI) or even put messages or receive messages

from a remote queue (Message queuing). Many distributed technologies have been

developed over the years utilizing various styles, but three key distributed technologies

stand out from the rest: Java RMI, CORBA, and DCOM. Each distributed computing

paradigm is unique in its own right, but they all share one critical trait: they have all

contributed to the evolution of Web Services.

2.1.1 Java RMI

Java RMI or Java Remote Method Invocation entails having an object call a method of a

remote object. The remote object is located on a different Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

and possibly, on another machine. In order for the two objects to communicate, a "stub"

or "proxy", located on the caller's JVM, and a "skeleton" or �tie�, located on the remote

object's JVM, are needed. The �stub� and �skeleton� represent Java public interfaces.

The process involves a caller gaining direct access to the stub, the stub transforms the

programming language input parameters into a byte stream (a process known as

�marshaling� or �serialization�), the stub relays the caller's method call to the skeleton

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using a given protocol and transport mechanism, the skeleton converts the incoming byte

stream back into its respective programming language (a process known as

�unmarshaling� or �deserialization�), the skeleton executes the method on the remote

object based on the received parameters, and the response comes back through the

reverse path. Java RMI utilizes a wire protocol known as Java Remote Method Protocol

(JRMP).

2.1.2 CORBA

CORBA or Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) is a binary

specification created by a group of vendors called the Object Management Group.

CORBA utilizes an Interface Definition Language (IDL), which allows for client/server

object interaction within a specific Object Request Broker (ORB). The ORB is the

intermediary that creates the connection between distributed objects. A CORBA object is

represented by an interface with a set of methods. The client of a CORBA object

acquires its object reference and uses it as a handle to make method calls. The ORB is

responsible for all the mechanisms required to find the object's implementation, prepare it

to receive the request, communicate the request to it, and carry the reply back to the

client. The wire protocol that is used by CORBA is known as Internet Inter-ORB

Protocol (IIOP). CORBA employs an object-oriented RPC communication style.

2.1.3 DCOM

DCOM is the distributed form of Component Object Model (COM), which builds an

object remote procedure call layer on top of DCE RPC. A COM client interacts with a

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COM object by acquiring a reference to one of the object's interfaces and invoking

methods through that reference. DCOM employs an object-oriented RPC communication

style where the client interface is called the �proxy� and the server interface is called the

�stub.� The specification of DCOM is at the binary level and permits integration of

components written in various programming languages.

2.1.4 Web Service Evolution

Java RMI, CORBA, and DCOM are still utilized today, but their specification

deficiencies with respect to complete platform and programming language independence,

and interoperability are creating a need for a more suitable solution: Web Services. Web

Services are evolving by inheriting the beneficial traits of its predecessors which include

the utilization of an IDL in the form of a WSDL (Web Service Description Language)

and the use of object-oriented RPC style communication via �stubs� and �skeletons.� At

the same time, the specification of Web Services is avoiding the negative aspects

associated with its predecessors, which include tight coupling specifications, potential for

firewall blocking, long development times, and higher costs.

Distributed computing technologies of the past operate under a tightly coupled

specification, meaning a client can only interact with a server when both sides have the

appropriate libraries installed on their machines. CORBA requires each endpoint, the

client at one end and the server at the other, to have a compatible Object Request Broker

(ORB). The same holds true for Microsoft DCOM and Java RMI where endpoint

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implementations must match. Granted a tight coupling specification has its place when

needed, but a more diplomatic and flexible format is the answer. Fortunately,

Web services specifications enforce loose coupling, meaning a client and a server can

interact independently irrespective of each endpoint�s platform and programming

language. This promotes flexibility, interoperability and improved integration. A .Net

client can interact with a J2EE server without having to worry about installing required

components and libraries. Various departments within an enterprise, running on different

platforms, can exchange data freely.

Additionally, distributed technologies in use today, namely CORBA and DCOM, are

geared more for internal enterprise use and utilize non-standard ports to communicate.

Thus, a client from outside the enterprise utilizing a standard port, who has appropriately

installed the required libraries, attempting to interact with a firm�s server is going to be

unsuccessful. Aside from the security benefits for the enterprise, such traffic is blocked

by the institution�s firewall by default due to port differentials. This limits the use of

such distributed technologies beyond enterprises. A firewall has to be configured every

time an open port has to enter the mix. This is time consuming, inefficient and costly.

Undoubtedly, the presence of a universal standard protocol with security measures in

place expands the use of distributed technologies beyond the enterprise arena. Web

services operate generally via one standard protocol, Hyper Text Transmission Protocol

(HTTP), over open port 80. This eliminates the problem of firewalls blocking traffic due

to port differentials and the need to perform additional gateway configurations. It

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furthers relationships beyond the enterprise and expands the use of distributed

technologies.

Finally, the development process for distributed technologies of the past tends to take an

enormous amount of time to complete. The existence and installation of numerous

components, and the possibility of performing additional plumbing (i.e. additional

gateway configurations) lead to such an unpromising result. Furthermore, the increased

cost associated with the additional development time is a major drawback, especially for

IT managers. A more cost effective and reduced development time solution is desired.

Web services are simple to implement and deploy. The components associated with

Web services generally revolve around three technologies: HTTP, SOAP and XML.

Web services operate under a text based protocol, unlike the binary protocols employed

by past distributed technologies. This expedites the development process, reduces costs

and improves overall productivity.

Admittedly, Web services possess their share of disadvantages. One of the key issues

facing Web services today is misuse. Web services have generated a tremendous amount

of hype. It is very common to get caught up in the latest industry trend or buzzword.

Freeman and Jones point out that �when a new and exciting technology arises, it is

frequently over-prescribed and shoehorned into inappropriate situations, often because

people misunderstand the benefits and limitations of the technology, but also because

programmers simply want to experiment with the new technology.� [1] Additional

disadvantages include security loopholes, network failures, service level agreements and

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quality of service non-compliance, latency and poor return on investment(ROI). Despite

the few negative aspects surrounding Web Services, the technology is being utilized

today and is continuously being improved upon.

2.2 Web Service Architecture

Currently, the Web Service architecture consists of many layers. The following stack

demonstrates the building blocks of a Web Service and the corresponding technologies:

Figure 1: Web Service stack. Source: www.embedded.com

2.2.1 Protocol Layer-HTTP

The initial layer is the Protocol layer. This layer specifies which mechanism is used to

communicate or invoke a Web Service over a network. FTP or File Transfer Protocol is

used for transmitting files across networks and SMTP or Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

is used for sending e-mail. The most common protocol used over the Internet today is

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HTTP 1.1 or Hyper Text Transport Protocol. HTTP is a request/response, text-based

style protocol where a client opens a connection to a server, sends a request, the server

processes its specific utility based on the client request and sends a response back to the

client.

2.2.2 Packaging Layer-SOAP

The packaging layer houses a mechanism or protocol that packages and binds messages

sent over a network. SOAP or Simple Object Access Protocol occupies this layer. SOAP

is a lightweight protocol that specifies the format of messages used in Web services and

enables cross-platform integration independent of the programming language or

distributed object infrastructure being used. For a detailed description of SOAP, visit

http://www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/. From a Web Services standpoint, there are a total of two

SOAP messages crossing the wire: a client request and a server response. SOAP

messages are formatted in XML or Extensible Markup Language and consist of four

parts: an optional XML declaration, a SOAP Envelope, an optional SOAP Header, and a

SOAP Body. The following example demonstrates a SOAP request/response dialogue

where a client is invoking a server method named multiply with two parameters:

Request <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <SOAP-ENV:Envelope SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <SOAP-ENV:Body> <ns1:multiply xmlns:ns1="urn:MyWebService"> <param1 xsi:type="xsd:int">2</param1> <param1 xsi:type="xsd:int">3</param1>

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</ns1:multiply> </SOAP-ENV:Body> </SOAP-ENV:Envelope> Response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <SOAP-ENV:Body> <ns1:multiplyResponse xmlns:ns1="urn:MyWebService" SOAP-ENV:encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"> <return xsi:type="xsd:int">6</return> </ns1:multiplyResponse> </SOAP-ENV:Body> </SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

Both SOAP messages contain the XML declaration <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

which specifies the XML version and the character encoding of the XML message. The

SOAP Envelope consists of the XML root element, SOAP-ENV:Envelope, which specifies

the namespaces used in the SOAP message. The optional SOAP Header tag is contained

within the SOAP Envelope, but is not represented in the example above for simplicity.

The SOAP Header is commonly used to transmit authentication and session management

data. The SOAP Body, located within the SOAP Envelope, contains what is commonly

called the �payload.� In the client request, the SOAP Body contains the name of the

method the client wishes to call, multiply, along with the method's input parameters, 2 and

3 in this case. The server response SOAP Body contains the method name concatenated

with Response and the results of the method invocation, 6. Note that even if there is no

return value, a message is still sent back to verify that the method executed.

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2.2.3 Information Layer-XML

XML occupies the Information layer of the Web Services stack. XML or Extensible

Markup Language is a text-based meta-language that not only describes how data is

structured, but also describes the context of the data, gaining a better understanding of its

significance. Visit http://www.techcourt.com/technologies/xml/whyimp.htm for a

detailed introduction to XML. XML plays a key role as the main data interchange format

for Web Services.

2.2.4 Service Layer- Web Service & WSDL

The Service layer specifies the mechanism, WSDL in this case, for describing the Web

Service and the actual Web Service itself. WSDL or Web Service Description Language

is an XML vocabulary for describing web services. A client needs to know various

pieces of information in order to interact with the Web Service. These include: where the

service can be reached, how the service can be reached, what methods and parameters are

required, and what data types are used by messages sent or received by the web service.

The WSDL document provides all this information in a very unambiguous way. A

WSDL document consists of six major elements and two utility elements:

• The definitions element is the root element and specifies the name of the web service and the namespaces used throughout the document.

• The message element specifies the message name along with zero or more part elements. The part elements define the parameters that are required. Zero parts means zero parameters. The message element only specifies the name, value(s) and the type of each value. It is the job of the portType element to specify whether the message is for input or output.

• The portType element defines a group of one or more operations, each of which has an operation element. Each operation element has a name value and defines which message is the input and which is the output. If an operation represents a request/response dialogue, then the operation would include two messages. If an operation represents only a request with no response or a response with no request, it would include only a single message.

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• The types element declares all the types that are used between the client and the web service for all the services declared in the WSDL document. Types can be simple or complex.

• The binding element defines a specific portType implemented using a specific protocol such as SOAP. If a service supports more than one protocol (SOAP, CORBA, etc.), the WSDL document includes a listing for each.

• The service element specifies the actual location or endpoint of the web service in the form of a URL.

• The documentation element is a utility element which permits comments to be placed throughout the WSDL document

• The import element is utilized to import other WSDL documents or XML Schemas

The following example displays a HelloService WSDL document [6]:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <definitions name="HelloService" targetNamespace="http://www.ecerami.com/wsdl/HelloService.wsdl" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:tns="http://www.ecerami.com/wsdl/HelloService.wsdl" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <message name="SayHelloRequest"> <part name="firstName" type="xsd:string"/> </message> <message name="SayHelloResponse"> <part name="greeting" type="xsd:string"/> </message> <portType name="Hello_PortType"> <operation name="sayHello"> <input message="tns:SayHelloRequest"/> <output message="tns:SayHelloResponse"/> </operation> </portType> <binding name="Hello_Binding" type="tns:Hello_PortType"> <soap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <operation name="sayHello"> <soap:operation soapAction="sayHello"/> <input> <soap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:examples:helloservice" use="encoded"/> </input> <output> <soap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="urn:examples:helloservice" use="encoded"/> </output> </operation> </binding>

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<service name="Hello_Service"> <documentation>WSDL File for HelloService</documentation> <port binding="tns:Hello_Binding" name="Hello_Port"> <soap:address location="http://localhost:8080/soap/servlet/rpcrouter"/> </port> </service> </definitions>

A client in possession of the HelloService WSDL document has all the required data

needed to invoke the service. By checking the service element, the client discovers the

actual service is located at http://localhost:8080/soap/servlet/rpcrouter. The binding element

reveals the web service can be invoked with an RPC communication style via HTTP and

SOAP. Lastly, the client learns from the portType element that the actual name of the

method to be called is sayHello and the method requires one parameter in the form of a

String type, specified by the part element within the message element.

Not only does a WSDL document describe fully the details of a Web Service, but also a

key selling point for its continued use is that its structure makes it possible to generate

code from WSDL descriptions and WSDL descriptions from code. This expedites client

code development and reinforces the use of XML as a universal format for data

interchange.

2.2.5 Discovery Layer-UDDI

The Discovery layer completes the Web Service stack and is occupied by a mechanism,

which publishes information about various Web Services. UDDI or Universal

Description, Discovery, and Integration resides here. For a detailed description of UDDI,

visit http://www.uddi.org . UDDI provides a repository where any entity, at design or run

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time, can search to find specific Web Services. As the number of Web Service systems

grows, the need for an organized directory is a necessity. The repository contains

information about businesses, the services they provide(Web Services and Non-Web

Services), version changes, and how to access services. A UDDI can be structured for

public use where any person or business can publish their services to the world and

establish partnerships or for private use, where an individual company can create their

own isolated UDDI registry to list the services available within their private network.

An entity that wishes to register their Web Service must do so using XML-based

documents and provide four key data elements, which are used in the discovery process:

• The businessEntity element specifies the web service owner and includes business name, description, address, and contact information. Every business receives its own UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) called a businessKey.

• The businessService element describes one specific service. A business can have multiple web services. Each service is given a unique serviceKey.

• The bindingTemplate element specifies the technical aspects of a single service such as the endpoint URL and interface information. Each template is uniquely identified by a bindingKey.

• The tModel element or serviceType provides a URL location to a document that provides more information (metadata) about the service. This document can be a WSDL document(preferred) , HTML page, etc. Each tModel is uniquely identified by a tModelKey

2.2.6 Alternative Layers-REST and HTML Scraping

Alternative mechanisms can be added to the Web Service stack and consequently,

removing a few existing mechanisms in the process. Two tools that are in widespread

use today are REST and �HTML Scraping.� Both tools simplify the Web Service Stack

and serve as formidable supplements to the Web Service architecture. REST or

Representational State Transfer is an architecture style created by Roy Fielding in his

dissertation [5], which attempts to capture the characteristics of the Web. In short, a

client using HTTP specifies or binds the method name and parameters directly into the

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URL and the server responds by returning an XML-formatted response. A hypothetical

REST example using a similar method call from the SOAP request/response example

above is:

http://www.mywebservice.com/xml?method=multiply&param1=2&param2=3

The server makes available a URL to a resource to multiply numbers and return the

results in an XML-formatted response. The REST style, commonly termed �XML over

HTTP�, eliminates the SOAP layer in the Web Services stack and is especially useful for

simple applications. (see Chapter 4 Amazon implementation).

HTML scraping is the process of programmatically making a connection to a specific

URL, gathering the HTML source code from the URL, and then pulling the necessary

data from the code through pattern matching. The process does not involve calling a

method and receiving a response, but more of locating a resource through a URL and

fetching the data oneself. HTML scraping involves a tremendous amount of

housekeeping on the part of a client since any change to the HTML source code from the

URL forces a client to alter their pattern matching code. On the flip side, HTML

scraping is dynamic, can gather up to the minute data and is considered a legitimate last

resort when no other mechanisms are available.

2.2.7 Web Service Stack Analysis

Overall, the Web Services stack presents a framework for seamless interoperability.

HTTP is a common transport protocol that everyone can utilize. SOAP can bridge the

gap between parties of different languages and platforms. XML is a data exchange

19

mechanism that every a programming language can employ by its text based nature.

WSDL documents provide a universal guidebook and key starting point. Lastly, the

UDDI provides the window to web services, providing a yellow pages for existing

services and for those yet to arrive.

2.3 Web Service Industry Trends

Theoretically, the Web Service distributed architecture appears to have the ingredients for

success and current industry trends support this. Perhaps the most compelling trend deals

with the number of companies that have already deployed Web services. Line56.com

points out that in a Yankee Group survey of 437 enterprises, 48 percent have already

deployed Web services, and another 39 percent plan to do so in 2005 [2]. Additionally,

corporations are solidifying their positions in the Web Service�s market through

acquisitions. Computer Associates has recently acquired Adjoin. Hewlett-Packard is in

talks to acquire Talking Blocks. This can be a huge driving force and can generate a

tremendous amount of momentum toward increased Web service implementation.

Software vendors are making a key contribution to the success of Web Services by

creating formidable Web service enabling products for various platforms and

programming languages. Not only do they provide the tools for implementing the

distributed component, but are simplifying the process. One Java toolkit that is in use

today is Apache Axis. Axis through its API simplifies the Web Service building process

by performing many low level tasks (i.e. dynamic WSDL creation and �stub�/�skeleton�

code generation), enabling a developer to focus more on higher level problem solving

and faster deployment of the finished product. JavaSkyline [3] outlines a few Java

20

related products and a few Java-competitive products in Appendix 1. Lastly, a unified

effort exists among big corporations like IBM, Microsoft, and Hewlett-Packard to

standardize the distributed technology. In the past, these firms were competing amongst

themselves to get the upper hand and gain market share. Today, firms are working

together to come up with a standard and are realizing the financial benefits of forming

business partners as opposed to business opponents.

The combination of all these factors demonstrate that the Web Services architecture is

gaining the support and confidence of many corporations and this foundation can lead to

not only a promising future, but a productive one.

2.4 Current Book Broker Environment

The following table illustrates a list of current book brokers on the Web:

Chambal BestBookDeal PriceSCAN

Allbookstores AddAll like2read

Bookpool Bublos isbndb

Bookchecker MetaPrices PriceFarmer

Isbn.nu BestWebBuys EveryBookstore

Fetchbook.info BookFinder.us FindBookPrices

Bookfinder4u BookPriceCompare BookWormer

Bigwords FastBookFinder thecheapestbook

Table 1: Current Web Book Brokers

21

CHAPTER 3 CWS ANALYSIS & ARCHITECTURE 3.1 CWS Requirements

CWS is a Web-based book broker application designed to provide book pricing and book

search functionality for a client via a browser and for a client via an application. CWS

allows a client to input specific, book search criteria. Search criteria includes author

name, book title, ISBN, publisher, year of publication, subject, and keyword. In addition,

a client can input a combination of search criteria and not be limited to just one form.

This promotes search refinement and faster response time. Upon receiving a search

request, CWS takes on the role of a book broker and a client itself, and begins to navigate

to various vendors searching for book data originally specified by the client. Once CWS

gathers all the book information from its business partners, CWS presents the results in

list form to the client. Results from a price search are presented with a complete book

detail summary (author, title, publisher, ISBN, manufacturer�s retail price) and a list of

the vendor, current price, and vendor link. Results from a book search are presented with

a total number of books found, a brief summary for each book and option to perform a

price search for a selected book. In the event of an error, an error message is displayed

and a client is asked to perform a new search. Overall, CWS responds to all requests

within 60 seconds.

For a client utilizing a Web browser over the Internet, CWS offers a Web interface,

allowing a user to provide the necessary search criteria for CWS to process and respond

back with data.

22

For a client accessing CWS via an application, CWS supplies a composite Web service.

A client application can initially find CWS through a UDDI registry. Upon successful

CWS discovery, a client application can invoke CWS� Web service. CWS in turn

invokes Amazon�s Web service to gather all book data originally specified by the client

application. Upon completion, CWS� Web service returns book results in XML format.

In the event of an error, an error message is returned in XML format. Only client

applications that can parse XML documents can utilize CWS� Web service.

3.2 CWS Functional Specifications

In order to demonstrate CWS� functionality, use cases are presented. Use cases are

written reports describing a system and its functionality from an external usage

perspective. Use cases provide a discrete collection of task-related activities. In this

case, the external point of view comes from a person shopping for book prices via their

browser, accessing CWS through CWS� web user interface (CWSUI) or from an

application searching for book data, accessing CWS through CWS� composite Web

service (CWSWS).

Use Case 1: Search ISBN Primary Actor: Student Supporting Actor: Multiple vendors Pre-Condition: User has correct ISBN number Actor: Student System: CWSUI 1. Arrives at CWS home page 2. Present company logo and links

3. Present list of search parameters 4. Enter ISBN number for specific book 5. Submit request

6. Verify parameter(s) have been sent 7. Edit ISBN by removing dashes, spaces 8. Retrieve prices from multiple vendors 9. Display book details, vendor name,

23

price and link 10. Select preferred, vendor link

Exception- Step 6: Search parameter(s) are invalid. Report error to user Use Case 2: Search AUTHOR and YEAR PUBLISHED Primary Actor: Student Supporting Actor: Amazon Web service Pre-Condition: User has correct author name and year of publication Actor: Student System: CWSUI 1. Arrives at CWS home page 2. Present company logo and links

3. Present list of search parameters 4. Enter author name 5. Enter year published 6. Submit request

7. Verify parameter(s) have been sent 8. Retrieve books from Amazon 9. Display books (title, author, publisher, year, ISBN, link to Use case 1)

10. Select book 11. Submit request

12. Go to Use case 1 Exception- Step 7: Search parameter(s) are invalid. Report error to user Use Case 3: Invoke searchISBN() method Primary Actor: Java Client Application Supporting Actor: Multiple vendors Pre-Condition: User has correct ISBN number Actor: Java Client Application System: CWSWS 1. Invokes searchIsbn() method 2. Edit ISBN by removing dashes, spaces

3. Retrieve prices from multiple vendors 4. Build results in XML format 5. Return book results

6. Parse results Use Case 4: Invoke searchAll() method Primary Actor: .NET Client Application Supporting Actor: Multiple vendors Pre-Condition: User has correct author name and year of publication Actor: .NET Client Application System: CWSWS 1. Invokes searchAll() method with author name and year of publication

24

parameters 2. Verify parameter(s) have been sent

3. Retrieve books from Amazon 4. Build results in XML format 5. Return book results.

6. Parse results Exception- Step 2: Search parameter(s) are invalid. Return error to user in XML 3.3 CWS Design

3.3.1 Architecture

In order to fulfill system requirements and functional specifications, CWS� architecture

applies two design patterns. The first is the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) model

(see Figure 2), which consists of a service provider, service broker and service requester.

Figure 2: SOA Model. Source: www.ibm.com IBM Systems Journal Vol. 41, No 2, 2002

CWSWS fills the role of the service provider, providing a service interface to a specific

resource and publishing its service with the UDDI registry. The UDDI registry takes on

the role of the service broker, providing a locale for service requesters to find Web

services. The role of the service requester is filled by a client, usually a person or

computer, who searches registries for Web Services and then binds itself to the provider.

25

The second design framework that CWS applies is Model 2 architecture. Since the

introduction of Java Server Page (JSP) technology, Model 1 and Model 2 architectures

have emerged for building server-side applications. Model 1 (see Figure 3) employs the

use of JSP and JavaBeans to separate business logic from presentation. Model 2 (see

Figure 4) takes it a step further by incorporating Servlets and presenting a format that

follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) model. The Model consists of data and

business logic, the View is responsible for presenting data and the Controller takes in

client requests, dictates application behavior and dispatches responses to the View.

Figure 3: Model 1 JSP Architecture [4]

Figure 4: Model 2 JSP Architecture [4]

26

In the Model 2 framework, the Servlet acts as the controller, taking in requests,

forwarding responses to the appropriate JSP (the view), and instantiating any required

JavaBeans (the model) needed by the JSP environment.

Overall, the utilization of specific design patterns provide numerous benefits to

developers. These benefits include capturing the experience of developers from the past

who have already tested such patterns, providing a common vocabulary for team

members to reduce miscommunication, defining roles to reduce cross participation, and

expediting the development process as a whole.

3.3.2 Methods Used

The Controller is structured as a Java Servlet and consists of a doPost() and a

doGet() method to handle client requests. doPost() performs server-side form

validation and invokes a normalize() method to housekeep and trim client parameters.

There is a method for each of the 11 vendors. A searchIsbn() method addresses client

requests that specify an ISBN parameter and invokes each of the 11 vendor methods. All

other types of client requests are handled by an amazon() method. A scrape() method

performs HTML scraping and is invoked by each vendor who does not provide Web

services functionality (At the time of this writing, Amazon is the only CWS vendor

offering Web service capabilities). A getCharacterDataFromElement() method assists

the amazon() method with spacing when there are multiple authors for a given book.

27

The methods of the BookBean class (Model) consist of all the accessor methods

pertaining to properties of a given book. These properties include vendor, retail price,

vendor link, title, publisher, year of publication and author. A compareTo() method is

invoked to assist in sorting book price results.

The following diagram presents CWS� MVC architecture, classes, class inter-

relationships, underlying methods and fields:

Figure 5: CWS MVC Architecture

28

The following sequence diagram demonstrates the events that can potentially take place

during a CWS book search:

Figure 6: CWS Sequence Diagram

29

3.3.3 Data Structures

CWS does not utilize a database. The BookList, an instance of the Java Vector class,

serves as the key data structure for storing book results. The BookList is not to be

shared by all client requests. Each individual client request must result in the creation of

a new BookList.

3.3.4 CWS Web User Interface-CWSUI

CWS� Web user interface operates as a form page and lists each search criteria: Author,

Title, Publisher, Publish Year, Subject, Keyword, and ISBN. To the right of each

criteria, a user can enter their corresponding search text. In order to initiate a search, a

user selects the �CWS Search� button. The �Clear� button erases all text entered by a

user. CWS� logo, �About Us� link, �Contact Us� link, and �Home� page link are also

displayed.

3.3.5 CWS Composite Web Service-CWSWS

In order for CWS to meet the role of a Web service provider, CWS will register via a

Web browser with two UDDIs (IBM and Microsoft) to facilitate discovery. In addition,

CWS provides two methods for client consumption: searchIsbn() and searchAll().

The searchIsbn() method addresses client requests that have specified an ISBN

parameter. The searchAll() method handles all other types of client requests. Each

method returns book results in XML format. CWS utilizes the Apache Axis 1.1 toolkit as

its SOAP engine for deploying CWSWS dynamically and WSDL generation.

30

3.3.6 Hardware and Software Specifications

The following table summarizes CWS� hardware and software specifications:

Operating System Red Hat Linux 7.2 CSIS Server Matrix File Transfer Application/Protocol Secure Shell Telnet Client (SSH) Java SDK version 1.5.0.01 Application Server Tomcat 4.1.18 Java Servlet specification 2.3 Java JSP specification 1.2 WSDL version 1.1 SOAP Engine Axis 1.1

Table 2: CWS Hardware and Software Specifications

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CHAPTER 4 CWS IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Overview

The following implementation of the CWS web interface and the CWS Web Service

demonstrate how effective Web service technology can lead us closer to seamless

interoperability. The chapter is divided into two sections. The first section details the

CWS web interface, which provides book search functionality to the public over the

Internet via a browser. The second section details the actual CWS web service. The

complete source code is located in the Appendix.

4.2 CWS Web Interface

4.2.1 View

The web interface follows Model 2 architecture and consists of a total of seven files:

index.jsp results.jsp search.jsp aboutus.jsp

error.jsp Controller.java BookBean.java

Index.jsp represents the home page for CWS, providing a means for a user to enter any

combination of specific book-search criteria based on author name, title, publisher,

publication year, subject, keyword and international standard book number (ISBN).

Once a user selects the search button, the request is passed via the HTTP post method to

the servlet, Controller. The following excerpt from index.jsp demonstrates how the

post method is initiated:

<table border="10"> <form name= advsearch method=post action="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/servlet/Controller" ID="form">

<tr valign=middle> <td align=left><font face="verdana,arial,helvetica" size=-1><strong>Author:</strong></font></td> <td align=left><input type=text name=author value="" size=40></td> </tr>

32

As an example, if a user performs an author search by entering �James Gosling� in the

text field, the name/value pair becomes author/James Gosling. If a user selects the search

button without making changes to the text fields, then the request is still sent with the

corresponding name and all values defaulting to ��. Index.jsp does not perform form

validation. All validation is performed on the server side.

Results.jsp displays the results of an ISBN search. The page displays the details of the

specific book (i.e. author, title, cover image icon, etc.), how many vendors have been

found, and a listing of the results with vendor, price and buy-link headings. Since results

are forwarded from the Controller servlet as a session attribute in the form of a Vector

of BookBean objects, the BookBean class must be imported via a JSP page directive and

an instance of a BookBean must be created via the useBean JSP standard tag as follows:

<%@page import="java.util.*, CWS.BookBean" %> <jsp:useBean id="bookList" class="java.util.Vector" scope="session"/>

This allows the id value, booklist, to be used like any Vector object. In order to access

each BookBean, the elementAt() method of the Vector class is utilized along with a

BookBean cast, since the method returns an Object type. The following scriptlet

demonstrates accessing an author of a specific book from the bookList:

<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getAuthor() %>

Search.jsp displays the results of a non-ISBN search. The page displays how many

books have been found, the details of each book, a corresponding radio button, and a

Shop Prices button to search prices for a specified book. The page lists twenty books

per page. The Shop Prices button forwards a request to the Controller via the HTTP

33

get method. If a radio button is not selected by the user, the request is still forwarded, but

results in an error from server side validation.

Error.jsp displays any errors, which may have occurred servicing a request. The page

accesses a session attribute in the form of a String, displays that String, invalidates the

session and provides a link to begin a new search.

Aboutus.jsp displays corporate information about CWS.

4.2.2 Controller

The servlet, Controller, is the workhorse of the application performing numerous tasks,

which include processing all requests, forwarding requests, bean creation, and form

validation. The following excerpt from the doPost method shows how the user�s search

parameters are gathered and validated:

String []author = request.getParameterValues("author");

String []title = request.getParameterValues("title");

String []publisher = request.getParameterValues("publisher");

String []year = request.getParameterValues("year");

String []subject = request.getParameterValues("subject");

String []keyword = request.getParameterValues("keyword");

String []isbn = request.getParameterValues("isbn");

if ( (author[0].equals("") && title[0].equals("") && publisher[0].equals("") && year[0].equals("")

&& subject[0].equals("") && keyword[0].equals("") && isbn[0].equals("") ) ||

(author[0].equals(" ") || title[0].equals(" ") || publisher[0].equals(" ") || year[0].equals(" ") ||

subject[0].equals(" ") || keyword[0].equals(" ") && isbn[0].equals(" ")) ) {

String err = "Invalid search criteria entered.";

34

session.setAttribute("err", err);

ServletConfig cfg = this.getServletConfig();

ServletContext thisCxt = cfg.getServletContext();

RequestDispatcher rd = thisCxt.getRequestDispatcher( "/error.jsp" );

rd.forward( request, response );

Each parameter is gathered using the getParameterValues() method of the request

object, which returns an array of Strings. Utilizing the James Gosling search example

earlier, the String is not tokenized, but placed entirely into the author array at index

zero. As for validation, if all parameters equal ��, then a user has not entered any search

criteria, resulting in the servlet setting up an error session attribute labeled �err� and

forwarding the request to the error.jsp page. Form validation also addresses the

possibility of a user entering a white space for all parameters. This results in an error as

well.

In the event of a user submitting a request with a valid parameter or a combination of

valid parameters, the Controller creates a bookList, an instance of the Vector class, to

serve as the data structure to gather all the books that surface from a search. In order to

ensure thread safety, the bookList is declared as a local variable inside the doPost

method. This guarantees that a bookList is created for each request that the servlet

receives. If bookList is declared as a global variable, then all requests would share the

same bookList.

The Controller verifies if an ISBN number has been requested. If so, the

searchIsbn() method is invoked. Otherwise, control passes to the amazon() method.

Upon completion of the relevant method call, the Controller sorts the bookList by

35

price, establishes a bookList session attribute named �bookList�, and forwards the

request to either the results.jsp page for an ISBN search or to the search.jsp page

for a non-ISBN search.

4.2.2.1 The searchIsbn() Method

The searchIsbn() method accepts two parameters: the ISBN request from the user and

the bookList. Initially, the ISBN is edited in the event that a user has entered an ISBN

number with hyphens or spaces. The StringTokenizer class is utilized to break up the

ISBN into tokens or pieces, eliminate hyphens and spaces, then concatenate to ensure a

pure number sequence. From here, each vendor method is invoked accepting the newly

edited ISBN and the bookList as parameters.

4.2.2.2 Vendor methods

With the exception of the amazon() method, all vendor websites utilized by CWS are

deficient in implementing Web service functionality. As a result, each CWS vendor

method resorts to HTML scraping to gather book data. Each vendor possesses a specific

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) for accessing his or her book data. Each vendor

method invokes the scrape() method with their corresponding URL concatenated with

the user�s ISBN request. A connection to the URL is made using the java classes,

java.net.URL and java.net.URLConnection. The process involves creating a URL

object, u, then calling the openConnection() method of u to create a URLConnection

object, urlconnx. Then the setup parameter, setDoInput, is assigned to true since the

URL connection is being used for input. Lastly, the connection is made using a socket

36

for a network connection or a file input stream for a local connection. The response

header information is read from the server. Data is read from the connection by using the

input stream returned by getInputStream(). The scrape() method returns a String of

the entire web page. In the event a connection can not be made and an exception occurs,

the exception is caught and the scrape() method returns null. This enables processing

to continue when certain vendors are unavailable.

Each vendor method utilizes the String from the scrape() method, captures the specific

price that is offered from the vendor based on a stable identifier, creates a book object of

the BookBean class, sets the price, vendor and URL link of the book via the accessor

methods of the BookBean class, and finally adds the book to the bookList.

The difficulty with the HTML scraping process is that all the URLs and stable identifiers

must be collected and researched by a server-side programmer prior to implementation.

Additionally, if a vendor alters their respective site or URL, then existing code must be

altered to reflect such changes. HTML scraping requires a tremendous amount of upkeep

and is prone to generating numerous runtime errors. However, it does serve as a last

resort when no other alternative, data-gathering methods exist. One common strategy

that is used to reduce the amount of upkeep is to centralize all URL and stable identifier

information from each vendor into one �key� file on the server. This way when changes

occur, a programmer only has to modify the �key� file.

37

4.2.2.3 The amazon() Method

The amazon()method demonstrates the power of Web service technology by utilizing

Amazon.com�s Amazon Web Services (AWS 3.0). AWS, recently changed to Amazon

E-Commerce Service (ECS 4.0), allows access to numerous Amazon.com�s web sites in

the form of a Web Service (Registration and programming information is available at

http://www.amazon.com/gp/aws/registration/registration-form.html ). AWS can be

accessed through either SOAP or REST requests. CWS utilizes the REST or XML over

HTTP approach via Amazon.com�s �PowerSearch� function. AWS is utilized for ISBN

searches and is the only vendor CWS utilizes for non-ISBN searches due to its

consistency. Basically, a connection is made to a specific URL, which includes a user�s

request data, and AWS returns book results in the form of an XML document (AWS

returns ten items per page, so subsequent connections are required for multiple pages).

The CWS amazon() method retrieves the XML document as a String, parses the

document utilizing the Document Object Model (DOM) from the Java APIs for XML

Processing (JAXP), creates a book of the BookBean class for Amazon books as well as

for used books being sold by the public through Amazon.com, sets numerous properties

of the book via accessor methods, and finally adds the book to the bookList.

Regarding XML processing, DOM is utilized instead of SAX or JDOM for two reasons.

First, DOM�s biggest drawback is its efficiency problems which can impact performance,

but performance is not a critical ingredient to CWS� functionality. Moreover, the AWS

XML document is not exceptionally large and combined with the fact that CWS sets a

500 book-result threshold, loading the entire document into memory is not very resource

38

intensive. Secondly, the DOM API offers feature-rich methods, specifically the

getElementsByTagName() method, which provides random access to any tag name.

4.2.3 Model

The BookBean class is a JavaBean component that represents a single book. Each book

possesses numerous properties, which include title, author, vendor, ISBN and price.

Properties can be accessed or modified through a properties� corresponding accessor

method. The BookBean class implements the Comparable interface to provide a price

sorting mechanism for the bookList. Sorting is initiated by the Controller using the

sort() method of the Collections class. The Comparable interface assists the sort()

method by clarifying which particular book property is used in the comparison. A

ClassCastException is thrown otherwise. The Comparable interface contains one

method, compareTo(), which takes an Object as a parameter and returns an integer. The

compareTo() method returns zero if the object passed is equal to the current instance. It

returns a positive integer or a negative integer if the current object is greater or smaller

than the passed object. The bookList is sorted by price in ascending order.

4.3 CWS Web Service

4.3.1 CWS Service

The CWS Web Service (CWSWS) consists of the following source files:

BookServerImpl.java IBookSearch.java BookServerImpl.jws

IBookSearch is an interface that defines the two methods that are to be exposed as Web

Services: searchIsbn() and searchAll(). BookServerImpl implements the

39

IBookSearch interface and is derived from the Controller class of the CWS web

interface. The key difference is that CWSWS does not use the BookBean class, but

resorts to a more simplified type, the String class. Instead of constructing a bookList,

CWSWS sequentially builds an XML document consisting of the book results from each

vendor. An instance of the StringBuffer class is utilized to contain the book results.

The append() method of the StringBuffer class is called to add book information to

the buffer as they come about in the form of a String. A relevant property of a book

(vendor, title, author, ISBN, etc) is added to the buffer in XML format. The following

code excerpt demonstrates how book information is added to a buffer:

sb.append("<Vendor>");

sb.append("half.com");

sb.append("</Vendor>");

�

sb.append("<Price>");

sb.append(priceHalf);

sb.append("</Price>");

sb.append("<Link>");

sb.append(halfUrl);

sb.append("</Link>");

In the event of a successful book search, the assembled XML document within the buffer

is edited. Certain characters in XML have special meaning to XML parsers and can be

represented incorrectly in an XML document. Such characters include < , >, and &.

Built-in entities must be employed to ensure correct representation. The ampersand is a

commonly used URL character and therefore, CWS replaces all instances of �&� with

�&amp;� to ensure accurate representation. The following code demonstrates the

replacement process within the sb buffer:

40

int ind=sb.indexOf("&");

while(ind != -1){

sb.replace(ind,ind+1,"&amp;");

ind=sb.indexOf("&",ind+1);

}

Finally, the toString() method of the StringBuffer class is invoked to change the

entire buffer to a String and this String is returned to a client. If an unsuccessful book

search occurs, CWS returns the following String:

"<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><Results><Books>No books found</Books></Results>"

In the event of an error, CWS returns:

"<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><Results><Error>Invalid search criteria</Error></Results>"

4.3.1.1 Deployment

Utilizing the Apache Axis 1.1 framework, there are two ways to deploy a web service:

JWS instant deployment and WSDD custom deployment. CWS utilizes the JWS (Java

Web Service) method of deployment which simply involves changing the extension of a

java source file, BookServerImpl.java in this case, from .java to .jws and placing it into

the Axis webapps folder. CWSWS can then be accessed via the following URL:

http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws

Moreover, the WSDL for CWSWS is accessed by adding ?wsdl to the above URL:

http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws?wsdl

Axis automatically compiles the class and dynamically generates the WSDL document.

The WSDD (Web Service Deployment Descriptor) method involves static deployment of

a service. The steps are:

41

1) creation of java source file and java interface

2) creation of WSDD file, deploy.wsdd, specifying methods to be exposed and type mappings

3) construct the WSDL file using Axis� Java2WSDL tool

4) generate server-side wrapper code and stubs using Axis� WSDL2Java tool

5) modify the xxxxSoapBindingImpl file with correct return statements and objects

6) compile all class files (creation of jar file is optional)

7) copy class files to the Axis/WEB-INF/lib folder

8) start the server and deploy service using Axis� AdminClient tool with deploy.wsdd

The WSDD-deployed service can then be accessed via the following hypothetical URL:

http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/services/XXXX

The WSDD-deployed service can be undeployed using the AdminClient tool with a auto-

generated undeploy.wsdd file.

CWS utilizes JWS instead of the WSDD because of its simplicity, dynamic capabilities

and loosely coupled structure. The WSDD method promotes a tightly coupled structure

due to the presence of stubs and skeletons. Each time the underlying implementation

changes, new �glue� code must be generated as well. David Bau states �since automatic

WSDL and stub-generation tools work by directly generating a message shape from a

function signature (or vice versa), when you change your implementation code, it

changes your public contract at the same time.� [7].

4.3.2 CWS Client

A client has two options when invoking a JWS service. The first option is dynamic

invocation in which a client uses Axis� implementation of JAX-RPC. The service�s

WSDL is not directly used, but can be referenced for endpoint, namespace, and operation

42

details. The second option is standard stub generation. In an effort to demonstrate

CWSWS� interoperability, a Java client and a .NET client (C# implementation) are

presented. Both clients implement a graphical user interface (GUI) to facilitate use.

4.3.2.1 Java Client

The java client, CWSBookSearchClient, invokes CWSWS using dynamic invocation:

public void searchIsbn(String isbn) {

String ret = null;

try {

Service service = new Service();

Call call = (Call) service.createCall();

call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(endPoint));

call.setOperationName( new QName("BookServer", "searchIsbn") );

call.addParameter("isbn", XMLType.XSD_STRING,ParameterMode.IN);

call.setReturnType(XMLType.XSD_STRING);

ret = (String)call.invoke(new Object[] {isbn});

results.setText(ret);

results.setCaretPosition(0);

}

catch (Exception e) {

results.setText("Unable to process searchIsbn request at this time. Please try again.");

}

} // end searchIsbn method

After gathering and setting the endpoint, operation, parameter type, and return type

information from the CWSWS WSDL, the service is invoked using the invoke() method

of the Call class, which takes an array of Objects as a parameter. The CWSWS XML

document is returned with a mandatory String cast.

43

4.3.2.2 .NET Client

The .NET client, cwsForm.cs, invokes CWSWS using stub (proxy) generation:

private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { try{ display.Clear(); string result = null; BookServerImplService svc = new BookServerImplService(); if(!isbnx.Text.Equals("")) { result = svc.searchIsbn(isbnx.Text); display.AppendText(result); �

The .NET framework provides a tool, wsdl.exe, for generating proxy classes for XML

Web Services clients from WSDL contract files. The following command generates a

proxy class, BookServerImplService.cs, from the CWS WSDL:

wsdl /out:BookServerImplService.cs http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws?wsdl The client then creates an instance of the proxy class and simply calls the desired service

method. The .NET client has no difficulty processing the String returned from the J2EE

based CWSWS.

4.3.3 CWS Discovery

Numerous firms or operators provide public, UDDI registries and testing registries. A

few of the most common include:

Operator Inquiry URL Publish URL

HP http://uddi.hp.com/inquire https://uddi.hp.com/publish

IBM http://www-.ibm.com/services/uddi/inquiryapi https://www-3.ibm.com/services/uddi/protect/publishapi

IBM Test http://www-

3.ibm.com/services/uddi/testregistry/inquiryapi

https://www-3.ibm.com/services/uddi/testregistry/protect/publishapi

44

Microsoft http://uddi.microsoft.com/inquire

https://uddi.microsoft.com/publish

Microsoft Test

http://test.uddi.microsoft.com/inquire

https://test.uddi.microsoft.com/publish

SAP Test http://udditest.sap.com/UDDI/api/inquiry/

https://udditest.sap.com/UDDI/api/publish/

Systinet http://www.systinet.com/wasp/uddi/inquiry/

https://www.systinet.com/wasp/uddi/publishing/

Table 3: UDDI Registry Access Point URLs

UDDI registries can be accessed using an operator�s web interface via a browser or

programmatically. Java developers can utilize SOAP APIs, custom Java-based UDDI

client APIs (i.e. UDDI4J and WASP UDDI), and the Java API for XML Registries

(JAXR). CWS utilizes Microsoft�s and IBM�s UDDI registry for publishing and IBM�s

UDDI4J class library for queries.

4.3.3.1 Publishing CWS

CWS utilizes the web interfaces from Microsoft and IBM to register and publish CWS�

functionality. The process entails providing a business name, description, contact

information, overview document (location of CWS� WSDL file) and tModel data.

Further data can be entered such as business relationships and categories, which refine

the search process. The following is a screen capture of CWS� data from the IBM

registry:

45

Figure 7: CWS Data From IBM UDDI Registry

4.3.3.2 Performing a CWS Query

A CWS query can be performed using IBM�s UDDI4J project. UDDI4J is a Java class

library that provides an API that can be used to interact with a UDDI registry. The UDDI

client implementation is derived from IBM�s sample files from the UDDI4J kit and

consists of three customized files:

FindCWS.java Configurator.java propCWS.properties

propCWS is a properties file which centralizes all the key information needed to interact

with a UDDI registry. This information includes usernames and passwords when

publishing, the URLs for the inquiry and publish APIs of the target registry, SOAP

46

transport classes, security settings, and logging options. When a developer needs to

access a different registry, one only has to alter the settings of the properties file. This is

convenient and adds an additional layer of security.

Configurator is responsible for reading the properties file, setting the SOAP transport,

and configuring the SSL/JSSE provider.

FindCWS is the driver of the client application and performs a simple query based on

business name. FindCWS begins by enabling the Configurator to perform its duties via

the creation of a Configurator object, config, then calling the load() method of

config. Once the correct environment settings are configured, FindCWS creates a

UDDIProxy object, proxy. UDDIProxy is the central class in the UDDI4J class library

and represents a proxy for the UDDI server. Its methods map to the UDDI Version 2 API

Specification (For details visit http://uddi.org/pubs/ProgrammersAPI_v2.htm). FindCWS

then sets the URL for the inquiry API of the target registry, Microsoft UDDI registry in

this case, as follows:

proxy.setInquiryURL(config.getProperty("inquiryURL"));

Next, FindCWS specifies the specific business name to be queried:

Vector names = new Vector();

names.add(new Name("CWS"));

Lastly, FindCWS adds a specific case sensitive qualifier to the query and calls the

find_business() method of the UDDIProxy class to initiate the query to the Microsoft

registry. Surprisingly, the client application returns two business names for CWS. This

47

is due to the fact that CWS is published with Microsoft and IBM, and the registries not

only return data from their side, but from their companions as well.

Queries are not limited to just business names, but can include business descriptions,

tModels, categories and a host of other criteria.

48

CHAPTER 5 CWS TEST CASES

5.1 Use Case Verification

The following is a summary of the use cases from Chapter 3:

Use Case 1: Search ISBN Primary Actor: Student System: CWSUI Supporting Actor: Multiple vendors Pre-Condition: User has correct ISBN number Use Case 2: Search AUTHOR and YEAR PUBLISHED Primary Actor: Student System: CWSUI Supporting Actor: Amazon Web service Pre-Condition: User has correct author name and year of publication Use Case 3: Invoke searchIsbn() method Primary Actor: Java Client Application System: CWSWS Supporting Actor: Multiple vendors Pre-Condition: User has correct ISBN number Use Case 4: Invoke searchAll() method Primary Actor: .NET Client Application System: CWSWS Supporting Actor: Multiple vendors Pre-Condition: User has correct author name and year of publication

Each use case has been tested to verify if CWS can fulfill the specific requests for

resources. Each test case number corresponds to each use case number. Test cases 1 and

2 have been tested using Microsoft�s Internet Explorer and Mozilla�s Firefox browsers.

CWSUI is accessible at http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp.

49

Test Case 1

A student is greeted with the CWS� homepage which displays the user interface:

50

The student, shopping various prices for Steve Graham�s Building Web Services with Java, enters the book�s correct ISBN number 0672326418:

51

After the student clicks on CWS Search, CWS successfully returns a book summary, sorted prices, and links from numerous vendors:

52

Test Case 2 A student searching for books written by Walter Savitch with a publication year of 2004 enters the data as follows:

53

After the student clicks on CWS Search, CWS successfully returns various books based on the student�s search parameters:

54

Regarding Test cases 1 and 3, in the event of an error, CWS displays the following:

55

Test Case 3 Launching the Java client application, CWSBookSearchClient, from the command line or from an IDE results in the display of a user interface:

56

A user of the application, shopping various prices for Microsoft .NET XML Web Services Step by Step written by Adam Freeman, enters the book�s correct ISBN number 0735617201:

57

After the user clicks the Search button, CWS successfully returns the following XML document:

58

The output displays a well formed XML document. The complete XML document is as follows:

<?xml version="1.0"?> <Results> <Book> <Title>Microsoft .NET XML Web Services Step by Step</Title> <Authors>Adam Freeman,Allen Jones,Adam Freeman</Authors> <Publisher>Microsoft Press</Publisher> <ISBN>0735617201</ISBN> <RetailPrice>39.99</RetailPrice> </Book> <Vendor>Amazon</Vendor> <Price>26.39</Price> <Link>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0735617201</Link> <Vendor>Amazon-Used</Vendor> <Price>16.50</Price> <Link>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0735617201</Link> <Vendor>Barnes and Noble</Vendor> <Price>31.99</Price>

<Link>http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?endeca=1&amp;isbn=0735617201</Link>

<Vendor>eCampus</Vendor> <Price>27.99</Price> <Link>http://www.ecampus.com/bk_detail.asp?ISBN=0735617201</Link> <Vendor>Powells</Vendor> <Price>20.80</Price> <Link>http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?isbn=0735617201</Link> <Vendor>BiggerBooks</Vendor> <Price>27.43</Price> <Link>http://www.biggerbooks.com/bk_detail.asp?ISBN=0735617201</Link> <Vendor>BooksAMillion</Vendor> <Price>27.99</Price> <Link>http://www.booksamillion.com/ncom/books?isbn=0735617201</Link> <Vendor>AllDirect.com</Vendor> <Price>24.79</Price> <Link>http://www.alldirect.com/book.asp?isbn=0735617201</Link> <Vendor>VarsityBooks</Vendor> <Price>39.99</Price>

<Link>http://www.varsitybooks.com/Search.aspx?SearchType=ISBN&amp;SearchValue=0735617201</Link>

<Vendor>half.com</Vendor> <Price>16.50</Price>

<Link>http://half.ebay.com/search/search.jsp?&amp;product=books&amp;keyword=0735617201</Link>

</Results>

59

Test Case 4 Launching the .NET client application, cwsForm.cs, from the command line or from an IDE results in the display of a user interface:

60

A user of the application, searching for books written by M. Morris Mano with a publication year 1992, enters the information as follows:

61

After the user clicks on the Search button, CWS successfully returns the following XML document:

5.2 CWS vs. Current Book Brokers

5.2.1 Third Party Web Services

Xmethods.net is a popular Web site that offers a listing of third party web services. Only

three Web services exist which provide book search functionality. One Web service,

BNPriceWS, returns Barnes and Noble book prices based on a client ISBN number

62

request. The Xmethods listing directs one to the publisher�s Web page at

http://www.abundanttech.com/default.asp?content=WebServices/BNPrice/default.aspx.

Initially, the Web service appears to be a legitimate resource for CWS to incorporate in

its composite, Web service capabilities. However, when a test is performed on

BNPriceWS with an ISBN number of 0672326418, the following results are

disappointing:

63

If one compares BNPriceWS� generated price to Barnes and Noble�s actual price listed

on their Web page, BNPriceWS does not provide accurate pricing. They provide the

publisher�s list price, not Barnes and Noble�s price. The screen captures above

demonstrate that the correct Barnes and Noble price is $39.99, not $49.99.

The second Web service that provides book search functions is ISBNInformation,

available at http://www.webservicex.net/isbn.asmx?op=GetISBNInformation, which

returns in XML format basic book information such as title, author, publisher and year of

publication, but does not provide any vendor prices.

Thirdly, BookService , available at http://www.winisp.net/cheeso/books/books.asmx,

returns in XML format title, author, publisher, publication year and price information, but

the service only quotes prices from Amazon.com.

64

5.2.2 BookFinder4u.com

BookFinder4u.com is a fierce competitor offering a great deal of functionality which

includes price alerts, currency converter, and a broad scope of bookstores. CWS fails to

match BookFinder4u in this regard. However, CWS does distinguish itself from

BookFinder4u in two areas. One, BookFinder4u does not expose its functionality as a

Web service. The only way to programmatically access this resource is via HTML

scraping. Secondly, BookFinder4u does not allow a user to enter a combination of search

parameters in their request. The following screen capture displays their search

mechanism:

BookFinder4u�s radio button structure limits a user�s search to only one criteria. CWS

enables a user to submit multiple search parameters in a single request resulting in a more

refined and faster search response.

5.2.3 Chambal.com

Chambal.com is one step ahead of all book brokers by providing 13 digit ISBN search

capabilities. Recently, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) approved

plans to transition from the existing 10 digit ISBN structure to a 13 digit ISBN structure

[14]. The change is taking place because the supply of available 10 digit numbers is

65

exhausting. By January 1, 2007, all book and book-related products must carry 13 digit

ISBN numbers. Currently, no other book brokers offer this functionality. CWS executes

a 13 digit ISBN search request, but responses are limited to prices from Barnes and Noble

and Booksamillion. However, Chambal�s advantage is short lived once Amazon and the

other players update their systems for 13 digit ISBN compliance. Also, Chambal only

provides ISBN, title and author search functionality, reducing the effectiveness of their

search mechanism.

5.2.4 FetchBook.info

FetchBook.info provides a broad scope of bookstores, price alerts, currency converter,

and customizable views of search results. However, they only allow keyword, title,

author and ISBN search capabilities. Additionally, if a user submits a 13 digit ISBN

request, the request is altered to a title-type request, probably due to a 10 digit form

validation rule, with zero results.

66

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION

6.1 CWS Interoperability Solution

Certainly, CWS does not solve the interoperability problem at all levels, but has

illustrated interoperability to a small degree between two different programming

languages. The CWS solution itself has its disadvantages and advantages. One

drawback behind returning an XML document as a String is that it lacks programming

structure. Secondly, the burden of interpreting and parsing the XML response is placed

on the client. Thirdly, the solution breaks down the layers of abstraction in the Web

service stack and does not hide the complexities of the service, but exposes the

implementation details.

On the positive side, the solution makes full use of the XML language. Any entity

programming with XML parsing capability can utilize CWS as a resource. Also, the

solution avoids some of the current, interoperability trouble spots, which include

employing Java Collection classes and returning an array with null elements. Lastly,

the solution omits the use of creating book instances of the BookBean class to optimize

performance. By this omission, specifically the omission of the �new� keyword, this

conserves server resources, reduces memory usage, and potential garbage collection.

Overall, this optimization can increase performance between CWS and a client.

Furthermore, CWS raises a few key points. First, XML is the pivotal, underlying

language that can connect disparate systems and lead to seamless interoperability. There

must be some common ground allowing for two parties to communicate. XML provides

67

this. Secondly, the decision by WS-I through its Basic Profile 1.1 towards RPC-literal

and Document-literal emphasizes a movement toward document passing Web service

solutions. Thirdly, the CWS solution demonstrates that complexity is not always a

required ingredient for every software solution. Security is one functionality that CWS

does not need to operate since the data being sent by the client and server is publicly

available. Fundamentally, CWS is passing XML documents over the HTTP wire.

LaMonica states that �sending XML documents over existing Internet protocols is suited

for relatively simple applications. But businesses wanting the benefits of the flexible

systems design called a services-oriented architecture should adopt Web services.� [11]

The important issue is to recognize the needs of the application and compose a solution

based on those needs. Additional levels of complexity may be unwarranted. Lastly, the

ability to aggregate various Web services into one higher-level Web service by way of

process composition is an attractive feature, leading to more functionality and greater

flexibility when business demands change.

6.2 Future of Web services

The future of Web services is difficult to forecast. Recent market research data and

trends illustrate the outlook appears promising, but a few potential pitfalls must not be

overlooked.

6.2.1 Market Research Statistics and Forecasts

An October 2004 Evans Data Corp survey [15] of over 400 developers finds that 60

percent of developers believe that Web services can be implemented at significantly

68

lower costs. Other findings specify that the top three services being developed with Web

service technologies are business process management, data management, and e-

commerce applications.

According to the Yankee Group 2004 U.S. Enterprise Web Services Survey [Yankee], 65

percent of IT development budgets are addressing integration of systems, Web services

are being widely used, but penetration is low, and enterprises are gearing up for higher

spending on web services across all business processes.

The Radicati Group Web Services Market, 2004-2008 Survey [9] affirms that the increase

in Web service deployment is not limited to enterprises in the U.S., but all over the world

Survey results point out that the majority of Web service deployments fall within the

North American region, but are on the rise in Europe and Asia.

6.2.2 Potential Trends

The W3C XML Binary Characterization Working Group is exploring the possibility of

creating a binary version of XML that is faster than the current text-based version of the

standard. �Since XML is designed to be read by both machines and humans, it results in

message sizes that can easily be 10 to 50 times larger than equivalent messages sent via

binary encodings.� [12] A client and server XML conversation might require the

following operations: decryption, validation, marshaling, parsing, canonicalization,

document signing and encryption. Binary XML may reduce a lot of the overhead

involved in data exchange.

69

Another potential trend Web services may experience in the future is the burial of the

Web service stack into the application integration runtimes and tooling. The trend has

actually started. �BEA, IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, and others all have Web services firmly

entrenched in the middleware infrastructure.� [13]

The following table lists additional potential Web services trends in the future:

Rise of Service-Level Agreements Improved Security Standards

Arrival of �On Demand� Computing Increasing Role of an Enterprise Service Bus

Increasing Role of Portals Rise of Business Activity Monitoring (BAM)

Emergence of Value Networks Adoption of Business Process Execution

Language (BPEL)

Table 4: Future Trends in Web Services [13]

6.3 Potential Pitfalls

A few potential pitfalls that may limit the success of Web services are: semantic

interoperability, interfacing to legacy systems and specification development.

Web services are bringing us a step closer to seamless interoperability in a technical

sense, by utilizing XML as the key intermediary language. However, Web services can

not interpret the meaning of the actual data being sent in XML and therefore, fail to

provide semantic interoperability. �XML provides the common alphabet to

communicate, but Web services themselves do not have an inherent understanding of the

words and grammar of XML.� [10] From a business standpoint, it would be beneficial

for a Web service to be able to distinguish between an invoice or a work order and

interpret it based on common business rules. If Web services fail to provide semantic

70

interoperability, this may result in �passing the torch� to another technology to solve the

problem, reducing the effectiveness of Web services.

Interfacing to existing legacy systems has been an ongoing problem. Further findings

from the October 2004 Evans Data Corp survey [15] of over 400 developers specify that

legacy system interfacing is �the biggest obstacle to web services by 20 percent of the

respondents, compared with 8 percent a year ago.� Failure to provide such a solution

may put Web services into the same camp as its distributed predecessors of the past.

Lastly, the W3C is generating numerous specifications, which include hundreds of pages

of technical guidelines. This makes it difficult for professionals to keep abreast of all the

changes taking place. �The ongoing process of specification development has caused

consternation among some people, who claim that programmers and their employers

cannot absorb the flow of new specifications.� [11]. Moreover, as enterprises and

vendors build applications now in an effort to acquire market share, if a W3C entity

suddenly prohibits a specific technology, as is the case in the Basic Profile 1.1, this can

be costly to enterprises and vendors who may have to go back to the drawing board in an

effort to be compliant. Such parties are required to make educated guesses and build

flexible systems to adapt to subsequent changes and avoid unnecessary expenses.

71

APPENDIX 1

Web service enabling products for Java

Vendor Product Type and Scope Description

Actional SOAP Switch Web service

Integrator/Wrapper

Provides a Service Oriented

Architecture (SOA) bus. Wraps

packages and applications as Web

service providers and consumers.

See Whitepaper

AltoWeb Application

Platform

Framework, server.

J2EE, Choreography:

BPM, EAI, Logic, EJB,

JSP, Tags, SOAP,

WAP, Portlets

Framework enables

J2EE/JSP/EJB/Web services and

portal development without J2EE

expertise. Supports WebLogic,

WebSphere.

AmberPoint

Management

Foundation

Web service Security

and Monitoring, WS

Security, SAML,

XACML

Monitor Web services, enforce and

streamlines security policies

Apache XML SOAP SOAP API for Java;

Tomcat, SSL

Reference implementation of W3C

SOAP, based on IBM

SOAP4J.Follow-on to IBM SOAP4J

project. See Feature list.

Apache XML Axis 1.0 SOAP API for Java -

with WSDL, JAX-RPC,

SAAJ.

JAX-RPC, SAAJ compatible

SOAP/WSDL implementation

Includes TCP monitor. See User

Guide.

72

Atomikos TransactionsSOAP SOAP-based J2EE

transactions

Implements JTS/JTA transactions in

the Web services environment -

based on Atomikos's

TransactionsJTA product.

BEA WebLogic EJB => WSDL Weblogic 6.1 exports WSDL from a

stateless EJB. See Integration data

sheet for latest developments.

Bowstreet Business Web Portal Framework:

SOAP, EJB, CORBA

Cape Clear CapeStudio Web Services

Development,

integrated web

services runtime: EJB,

JAVA, CORBA,

WSDL, SOAP, UDDI,

XML, XSL, XPATH

Auto-creates Web services from

existing enterprise components. Or

design the service using the WSDL

Editor. Once defined, CapeStudio

provides tools enabling the

automatic client creation (Java, VB

and browser), Creation of server-

side implementation. Mapping tool

links XML-based systems with Web

services applications. All tools come

with and integrate with runtime

environment for Web services. See

Getting started with and other

tutorial/demos page.

CapeConnect Web service

integrator, UDDI,

SMTP, J2EE, SSL,

MIME, XPATH,

Web services platform. Generates

WSDL from EJBs.

73

CORBA

WSDL Assistant WSDL.=>EJB or

Client: Java, VB

Generates client proxy and server

skeleton code from WSDL. See

screen shot

Data Access

Technologies

Component X RAD Tool; Supports

ebXML, J2EE, .Net,

MQ Series, CORBA

Cross-platform, cross-technologies

visual development tool with drag-

and-drop assembly. See screen

shot and whitepaper and tutorial

collection

Develop

Mentor

SOAP SOAP API for Java An early implementation of SOAP

(approximately version 0.9) from

SOAPs originator, Develop Mentor

also published SOAP versions for

Perl and C++.

Dorado OWare Web

services

Web services

integration UDDI, JMS

Modeler, Adapters

ebyz Web Service

Gateways

Web services

integration (plus

adaptors)

ebys provides gateways to specific

software such as Intuit, plus a toolkit

and engine for building new Web

service gateways. Integration with

JBuilder and Forte for Java is

provided. See the White Paper

Epicentric Web Services RAD Tool, Portal

Framework: EJB, JSP,

Tags

Epicentric provides a RAD tool and

extensive portal framework that

enables incorporation of external

Web services. Please contact

74

Epicentric for details.

HP

HP e-speak

Web services

Web services

platform

RAD Tool, Web

serivces integrator,

choreography, EJB,

ebXML, UDDI

Creates and deploys Web services;

derives Web services from EJBs.

Provides interaction control

(choreography) and messaging. For

developer information see Trail map

IBM Dynamic

e-Business

alphaWorks:

WS

WSDK Web service

integrator, HTTPR,

PKI,

WSDK (Web services Tool Kit). See

the IBM Dynamic e-Business Web

site for a Web services overview for

IBM. This is alphaWorks main Web

services package. The WSDK

handles proxy support and supports

WebSphere 4.0 Web services. It

now includes HTTPR is a more

reliable form of HTTP. See

WSDE RAD Tool, SQL WSDE: Web services development

environment. Tool for Discovery,

Build, map Web services, deploy on

WebSphere or Tomcat, test, and

publish to UDDI. Includes UDDI

Browser.

UDDI4J UDDI API for Java Programmatic interaction with UDDI

Registry. See Overview

WSIF Web service integrator Web services invocation framework.

Tool to invoke a Web service (non-

SOAP) See Web service invocation

sans SOAP by Nirmal K. Mukhi

75

WSDL4J WSDL API for Java Web services description language

for Java.Create, display, and edit

WSDL. (0.8 release available with

WSDK) IBM's implementing of JCP

JSR 110. and (possibly JSR 109).

See also Overview of WSDL James

Kao

WSPMT Process management Web services process management

toolkit.

TRL SOAP

Envelope

SOAP envelope API

for Java

API for managing SOAP as a

document

WebSphere App

Server

Web services - J2EE

integration.

Idoox See SystInet Company changed

names.

Infravio WSMS Web service manager,

UDDI

Web Services Management System

(WSMS) provides single point

management of multiple Web

services. See news release. and

data sheet (PDF). Manages

building, deployment and access

using request broker.

intelliun Virtual Enterprise RAD Tool and Web

service framework:

J2EE

The framework Web service

enables applications that are built

using VE/Designer a UML compliant

business modeling tool, and

76

implementation on a J2EE-based

server framework called VE/Server.

Insession WebGate SOAPTP Web service

integrator/secure

connection,

transactions.

Exposes EJB as a Web service and

enables secure POS, ATM and

mobile device transaction solutions.

IONA XMLBus Web service

integrator, SSL, MIME,

RPC, CORBA, JMX

Development environment, Auto

gen of SOAP clients, Platforms:

IONA, WebLogic, WebSphere. See

feature list.and XMLBus Learn for

overviews.

B2B Integrator

Enterprise

Integrator

Web service

messaging;EDI to

XML

iopsis iNsight RAD Tool, Web

service EAI integrator,

BPI choreography,

UDDI publishing

wizard and Web

services consumer

(ITell)

Integrated framework for Web

services and business process

integration; RAD add-on for Forte,V

Cafe, JBuilder, DreamWeaver

UltraDev. Platform on WebSphere,

WebLogic, iPlanet, HP TeS. Has

Windows connector W2One. See

iNsight Data Sheet, Whitepaper

(PDF)

77

JBoss ZOAP Web service integrator

for EJB

Dynamic serialization using SAX,

transparent proxies, special fast

proxies for XML-enabled clients.

jUDDI.org jUDDI UDDI API for Java

created by Bowstreet

Was a pre-alpha project to produce

a Java UDDI API.

Killdara Vitiris Web Services-ready

lightweight app server,

J2ME, HTTPS, UDDI

Small footprint, for embedded use

with various industry XML payloads.

Their motto: "From now on,

everything is a server" See White

paper (PDF). Killdara also offers a

health data application.

Liberty

Alliance

Liberty Project Identity and registry

based project.

Federated interoperational identity

solution for the Internet enabling

single sign-on and AAA from any

platform, and on-demand services.

The Mind

Electric

Glue Web service

integrator/manager,

UDDI, WAP, XPATH,

EJB, JMS

GLUE provides abilities to create,

deploy and consume Web

services with an extensive yet high-

level API - see example. Runs

stand-alone or inside an application

server. Standard edition is free for

most commercial use. Professional

edition includes EJB, JMS

integration and UDDI server.

Enterprise edition includes

transaction,load balancing,

clustering. See feature matrix.

78

Oracle XDK for Java Web service

integrator,SQL

Combines a number of Oracle XML

technology packages including

Oracle SOAP, XSQL Servlet, XML

Class generator, XML Schema

processor, XSLT, XML SQL Utility,

TransX Utility, and XML Parser

Oracle9iAS

Dynamic Services

See Using Oracle9iAS Dynamic

Services and XML

Polar Lake Polar Lake XPath Rule engine,

XML Server with Web

service support, SMTP

XML enabling desktop and server

platform for J2EE that provides Web

services.

SilverStream eXtend Workbench RAD Tool, Web

service integrator,

J2EE, RPC, JMS

J2EE Web Services Integration tool

- works with IDEs. jBroker enables

SOAP message queuing. Has

dynamic proxies (also packaged

with SilverStream App Server).

RAD tool enables engineering

WSDL from Java classes or EJB,

has WSDL editor and Wizards,

UDDI Manager, plus many J2EE

dev features. See Product Matrix,

eXtend Home

Sonic SonicXQ

Web services

message

integration:JMS, FTP,

SSL, HTTPS, JCA,

Integrates with J2EE using J2EE

Connection Architecture (JCA).

Message integration includes

MQSeries, TIBCO. See datasheet

79

ebXML, ebXML, (PDF)

Sun Sun ONE Web services strategy

for Sun Microsystems

and reference Web

service impementation

for Java.

Sun ONE (Open Network

Environment) is the umbrella that

describes the Java Web services

reference implementation. This

consists of

1) Sun's iPlanet/Forte-centric Web

services and

2) Java-based enabling solutions for

Web services.

See also Java Skyline: News: Sun

ONE for overview.

JAXM SOAP Messaging API

for Java

JAXM is the Sun/JCP

implementation of JSR-067

JAXB XML Java Binding API Sun/JCP implementation of JSR-

031 may be used as basis of:

JAX-RPC XML-RPC API for

Java

Sun/JCP implementation of JSR-

101.

JAXR UDDI Registry API for

Java

Sun/JCP implementation of JSR-

093.

JAXP XML Parsing API for

Java

Sun/JCP implementation of JSR-

093.

Long Term Bean

Persistence

XML bean persistence

API for Java

Enables serialization of Java bean

as an XML entity. Sun/JCP

implementation of JSR-057.

Sun/iPlanet Integration Web service message A family of products (Integration

80

Services integrator Server EAI, Integration Server B2B,

Message Queue for Java). See

iPlanet's Family enable Web

services from top to bottom [pdf]

Sybase B2Bi B2Bi Web service message

integrator, JMS,

ebXML

Allegedly to be demonstrated at Fall

Comdex: A Web services enabled

messaging system that is ebXML

capable.

Systinet

Product matrix

WASP for Java

Advanced

Web service

integrator: MIME,

HTTP 1.1, SSL, GSS;

EJB, JMS, JDBC,

JNDI, JTA

Systinet publishes a series of Web

service tools and has this product

comparison matrix that explains

their features. WASP Advanced

implements pluggable transports,

remote references. Works with JNDI

to expose EJB, JMS integration.

See WASP Advanced Data Sheet,

WASP/J2EE Tutorial

WASP UDDI

Standard

WASP Advanced +

UDDI V 2.0 API

WASP UDDI has the features of

WASP Advanced plus UDDI.

Provides browser access and test

UDDI registry. Supports Oracle,

PostGres.

WASP Lite Web service integrator Free commercial version of WASP,

includes Wasp Tools, works with

J2SE - but does not have advanced

J2EE integration.

81

WASP Developer

(a.k.a WASP

Tools,Stardust)

RAD Tools for J2EE

Integration, UDDI, and

WSDL.

Distributed with WASP Lite. Works

with Forte (JBuilder in beta)

Provides server, client, SOAP

debugging environment. See WASP

Tools: Getting Started

WASP JavaScript

SOAP Client

Web service client:

Javascript

See live demo

Talking

Blocks

Talking Blocks 2.0 Web service contract

manager: J2EE

Provides contract management of

both internal Web services plus

J2EE integration, substitution, and

load balancing.

Versata Versata for Web

Services

BPM, Logic

Framework

Exposes simple Web services;

consumes Web services;

coordinates multiple Web services.

Velocigen VelocigenX Web service integrator

EJB, SOAP

Web Services- EJB Wrapper, and

generation tool, XML Mapping.

Velocigen VelocigenX

Enterprise

Web service integrator

EJB, SOAP

Web Services- EJB Wrapper and

Generation tool

WebMethods B2BI

WestGlobal mScape Web service manager Tool to manage Web services.

Works on IONA, WebSphere,

WebLogic, iPlanet; Messaging:

TIBCO. See Technical Specs

WSUI.Org WSUI RI Web services

manager: WSUI

JSP/Java API

Reference Implementation for "Web

services User Interface," a layer that

provides usage information for

82

reference

implementation

WSDL

Table 2 Web service enabling products for Java Competitors

Vendor Product Type: Platform, Scope Description

Apple AppleScript

RPC

Web services client: Mac

OS X See Scripting a SOAP request samples.

Borland BizSnap Web service integrator:

Apache, Linux, Kylix,

Delphi

See Kylix news and datasheet (PDF).

Borland is also working on a Java Web

services implementation. See Borland

Web services

Microsoft .Net, .Net

Framework

SDK

Overall Web service

strategy: Windows NT, 2K,

XP

Microsoft's new overall software

framework for Web service

development with C#, VB.Net, Foxpro,

(and maybe J#) See Simply SOAP.by

Roger Wolter

SOAP

Toolkit

Web service integrator:

Win32

Complex messages; analyzes WSDL,

See SOAP Toolkit Documentation

Mirus NetHesive Web service integrator:

Apache, DLL

Provides Web services (as Apache Web

server extension) to native libraries in

XML.- See Win32 example. Supports

SOAP 1.2. See Overview, What is

Phalanxsys WSDL COM => WSDL Provides Web services capabilities for

83

Wizard pre-.Net MS software. Phalanxsys is

also developing other Web service

products.

pocketSOAP pocketSOAP Web service integrator:

SSL, WSDL=>VB, Pocket

PC, Manilla

Project integrates with UserLand

Manilla and is working on a

SchemaTron WSDL validator

PythonWare Soap for

Python

Web service integrator:

RPC

Python Web

Services

SOAPpy and

ZSI

Web service integrator:

Python, MIME, UDDI

Web services for Python. Capabilities

described in ZSI documentation: Zolera

Soap Infrastructure

SoapLite Soap::Lite

for Perl

Web service messaging:

MQ, Jabber, RPC HTTPS.

Also provides non-blocking TCP, COM

interface. Supports SMTP, POP3 for

eMail.

UserLand Frontier Content manager/scripter

with Web service

integrator: Mac OS X,

Win32, RPC

WhiteMesa SOAP RPC

Server

Web service integrator:

Win32, COM

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APPENDIX 2

Index.jsp

<%@page contentType="text/html"%> <%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <html> <head><title>CWS.com Book Search</title></head> <body bgcolor="#BDB76B"> <center> <img src= "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/logo.GIF" alt="CWS.com"> <p> <table width="80%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/aboutus.jsp" > <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/about.GIF" name=aboutus alt="About Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "mailto:mr13204w@pace.edu" </a> <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/contact.GIF" name=contact alt="Contact Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp" > <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/home.GIF" name=home alt = "Home"</a> </td> </tr> </table> <h3><i>CWS.com is the ideal place to shop for the best book prices from various bookstores around the world</i></h3> <p> <p> <table border="10"> <form name= advsearch method=post action="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/servlet/Controller" ID="form"> <tr valign=middle> <td align=left><font face="verdana,arial,helvetica" size=-1><strong>Author:</strong></font></td> <td align=left><input type=text name=author value="" size=40></td> </tr> <tr valign=middle> <td align=left><font face="verdana,arial,helvetica" size=-1><strong>Title:</strong></font></td> <td align=left><input type=text name=title value="" size=40></td> </tr> <tr valign=middle> <td align=left><font face="verdana,arial,helvetica" size=-1><strong>Publisher:</strong></font></td> <td align=left><input type=text name=publisher value="" size=40></td> </tr>

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<tr valign=middle> <td align=left><font face="verdana,arial,helvetica" size=-1><strong>Publish Year:&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></font></td> <td align=left><input type=text name=year value="" size=40></td> </tr> <tr valign=middle> <td align=left><font face="verdana,arial,helvetica" size=-1><strong>Subject:</strong></font></td> <td align=left><input type=text name=subject value="" size=40></td> </tr> <tr valign=middle> <td align=left><font face="verdana,arial,helvetica" size=-1><strong>Keyword:</strong></font></td> <td align=left><input type=text name=keyword value_u34 ?" size=40></td> </tr> <tr valign=middle> <td align=left><font face="verdana,arial,helvetica" size=-1><strong>ISBN:</strong></font></td> <td align=left><input type=text name=isbn value="" size=40></td> </tr> <tr valign=middle> <td>&nbsp;</td> <td>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type=submit value="CWS Search" > &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<input type =reset value="Clear" ></td> </tr> </form> </table> <p> <h6 align=center>Copyright © 2005 CWS.com. All rights reserved.</h6></center> </body> </html>

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APPENDIX 3

Results.jsp

<%@page contentType="text/html"%> <%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@page import="java.util.*, java.text.*, CWS.BookBean" %> <jsp:useBean id="bookList" class="java.util.Vector" scope="session"/> <jsp:useBean id="decoy" class="java.util.Vector" scope="session"/> <html> <head><title>CWS.com Book Search</title></head> <body bgcolor="#BDB76B"> <center> <img src="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/logo.GIF" alt="CWS.com"> <p> <table width="80%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/aboutus.jsp"> <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/about.GIF" name=aboutus alt="About Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "mailto:mr13204w@pace.edu" </a> <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/contact.GIF" name=contact alt="Contact Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp" > <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/home.GIF" name=home alt = "Home"</a> </td> </tr> </table> <h3><i>CWS.com is the ideal place to shop for the best book prices from various bookstores around the world</i></h3> <p> <p> <a href="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp"> Click Here for New Search</a> <h3 align=center>The results of your search are:</h3> <p> <p> <% if (!bookList.isEmpty()){ DecimalFormat decFor = new DecimalFormat("#0.00"); decFor.setMaximumFractionDigits(2);%> <center> <table border="10" bgcolor="#ffff99"> <tr> <td rowspan="20"><img src="<%= ((BookBean) decoy.elementAt(0)).getCover()%>"></td></tr> <tr> <td><b><font face="Verdana"><%= ((BookBean) decoy.elementAt(0)).getTitle()%></font></b></td></tr> <tr> <td><b><font face="Verdana">Author(s):&nbsp&nbsp<%= ((BookBean) decoy.elementAt(0)).getAuthor()%></font></b></td></tr> <tr> <td><b><font face="Verdana">Publisher:&nbsp&nbsp<%= ((BookBean) decoy.elementAt(0)).getPublisher()%></font></b></td></tr>

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<tr> <td><b><font face="Verdana">ISBN:&nbsp&nbsp<%= ((BookBean) decoy.elementAt(0)).getIsbn()%></font></b></td></tr> <tr> <td><b><font face="Verdana">Retail Price:&nbsp$<%=decFor.format( ((BookBean) decoy.elementAt(0)).getRetail())%></font></b></td></tr> </table> </center> <p> <p> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#ffff99"> <tr> <td align=center><b><u>VENDOR</u></b></td> <td align=center><b><u>CURRENT PRICE</u></b></td> <td align=center><b><u>PURCHASE BOOK</u></b></td> </tr> <% for (int index=0; index < bookList.size(); index++) { %> <tr> <td align=center><b><%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getVendor() %></b></td> <td align=center><font color="#cc0000">$<%= decFor.format( ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getPrice() ) %></font></td> <td align=center><a href = "<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getBuyLink()%>"> <img src = "<%= ((BookBean) decoy.elementAt(0)).getCoverSmall()%>" name=cover alt = "Purchase Book"</a></td> </tr> <% } %> </table> <% } else out.println("Sorry, your book search was unsuccessful. Please try again."); %> <% bookList.removeAllElements(); session.invalidate(); decoy.removeAllElements();%> <a href="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp"> Click Here for New Search</a> <hr> <p> <h6 align=center>Copyright © 2005 CWS.com. All rights reserved.</h6></center> </body> </html>

88

APPENDIX 4

Controller.java

import java.io.*; import java.util.*; //for Vector import java.net.*; //for URL,URLConnection import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.xml.parsers.*; import org.w3c.dom.*; import org.xml.sax.*; import CWS.BookBean; public class Controller extends HttpServlet { public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { super.init(config); } protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { HttpSession session = request.getSession(true); String []author = request.getParameterValues("author"); //author: String []title = request.getParameterValues("title"); //title: String []publisher = request.getParameterValues("publisher"); //publisher: String []year = request.getParameterValues("year"); // pubdate: String []subject = request.getParameterValues("subject"); //subject: String []keyword = request.getParameterValues("keyword"); //keywrod: String []isbn = request.getParameterValues("isbn"); if ( (author[0].equals("") && title[0].equals("") && publisher[0].equals("") && year[0].equals("") && subject[0].equals("") && keyword[0].equals("") && isbn[0].equals("")) || (author[0].equals(" ") || title[0].equals(" ") || publisher[0].equals(" ") || year[0].equals(" ") || subject[0].equals(" ") || keyword[0].equals(" ") && isbn[0].equals(" ")) ) { String err = "Invalid search criteria entered."; session.setAttribute("err", err); ServletConfig cfg = this.getServletConfig(); ServletContext thisCxt = cfg.getServletContext(); RequestDispatcher rd = thisCxt.getRequestDispatcher( "/error.jsp" ); rd.forward( request, response ); } else{ Vector bookList = new Vector(); Vector decoy = new Vector(); //response.setContentType( "text/html" ); //PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); String temp= "&PowerSearch="; boolean onlyISBN = false; if( !(isbn[0].equals("")) ){ onlyISBN = true; searchIsbn(isbn,bookList); if ( (!(bookList.isEmpty()) ) ){ decoy.add(0,bookList.elementAt(0));

89

session.setAttribute("decoy", decoy); } } else{ if(!(author[0].equals("")) ) temp = temp + "author:" + normalize(author); if(!(title[0].equals("")) && !(author[0].equals("")) ) temp = temp + "%20title:" + normalize(title); else if (!(title[0].equals(""))) temp = temp + "title:" + normalize(title); else; if(!(publisher[0].equals("")) && (!(title[0].equals("")) || !(author[0].equals("") )) ) temp = temp + "%20publisher:" + normalize(publisher); else if(!(publisher[0].equals(""))) temp = temp + "publisher:" + normalize(publisher); else; if(!(year[0].equals("")) && (!(publisher[0].equals("")) || !(title[0].equals("")) || !(author[0].equals("") ) )) temp = temp + "%20pubdate:" + normalize(year); else if (!(year[0].equals(""))) temp = temp + "pubdate:" + normalize(year); else; if(!(subject[0].equals("")) && (!(year[0].equals("")) || !(publisher[0].equals("")) || !(title[0].equals("")) || !(author[0].equals("") )) ) temp = temp + "%20subject:" + normalize(subject); else if (!(subject[0].equals(""))) temp = temp + "subject:" + normalize(subject); else; if(!(keyword[0].equals("")) && (!(subject[0].equals("")) || !(year[0].equals("")) || !(publisher[0].equals("")) || !(title[0].equals("")) || !(author[0].equals("") ) )) temp = temp + "%20keywords:" + normalize(keyword); else if (!(keyword[0].equals(""))) temp = temp + "keywords:" + normalize(keyword); else; amazon(temp, "Other", bookList); } if( (!(bookList.isEmpty() ))) Collections.sort(bookList); session.setAttribute("bookList", bookList); if(onlyISBN){ RequestDispatcher dispatcher = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/results.jsp"); dispatcher.forward(request,response); } else{ RequestDispatcher dispatcher = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/search.jsp"); dispatcher.forward(request,response); } } } protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)

90

throws ServletException, IOException { HttpSession session = request.getSession(true); Vector bookList = new Vector(); if( request.getParameter("textboxget") == null || request.getParameter("textboxget").equals("") ) { String err = "No option was selected."; session.setAttribute("err", err); ServletConfig cfg = this.getServletConfig(); ServletContext thisCxt = cfg.getServletContext(); RequestDispatcher rd = thisCxt.getRequestDispatcher( "/error.jsp" ); rd.forward( request, response ); } else{ String []searchTextGet = request.getParameterValues("textboxget"); searchIsbn(searchTextGet,bookList); if( (!(bookList.isEmpty() ))){ Vector decoy = new Vector(); decoy.add(0,bookList.elementAt(0)); session.setAttribute("decoy", decoy); } if( (!(bookList.isEmpty() ))) Collections.sort(bookList); session.setAttribute("bookList", bookList); RequestDispatcher dispatcher = getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/results.jsp"); dispatcher.forward(request,response); } } private void searchIsbn(String []isb, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException { // remove dashes,spaces,etc String s = ""; for(int i = 0; i<isb.length; i++){ s = s + isb[i]; } StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(s," ",false); String temp=""; while (st.hasMoreElements()) temp += st.nextElement(); st = new StringTokenizer(temp,"-",false); String temp2=""; while (st.hasMoreElements()) temp2 += st.nextElement(); String isbn = temp2; String x = "&PowerSearch=isbn:"+isbn; amazon(x,"ISBN",bookList); barnes(isbn,bookList); ecampus(isbn,bookList); powells(isbn,bookList); biggerBooks(isbn,bookList); booksMillion(isbn,bookList); blackwell(isbn,bookList); allDirect(isbn,bookList); deals(isbn,bookList); varsity(isbn,bookList); half(isbn,bookList); } // end searchIsbn method private void amazon(String searchType, String format, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{

91

//amazon using xml over http String associatesID = "webservices-20"; String devToken = "DTC9V1J0AUUYV"; String mode = "books"; String type = "lite"; String amazonUrl= "http://xml.amazon.com/onca/xml3?t=" + associatesID + "&dev-t=" + devToken + searchType + "&mode=" + mode + "&offer=All&type=" + type +"&page=1&f=xml"; String tempPrice = null; String tempRetail = null; URL amazon = new URL(amazonUrl); URLConnection urlconn = amazon.openConnection(); urlconn.setDoInput(true); InputStream in = urlconn.getInputStream(); //parse amazon xml file Document doc = null; try { DocumentBuilderFactory docBuilderFact = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder docBuilder = docBuilderFact.newDocumentBuilder(); doc = docBuilder.parse(in); } catch (SAXException saxEx) {return;} catch (ParserConfigurationException pc) {return;} NodeList error = doc.getElementsByTagName("ErrorMsg"); if(error.item(0) != null){ if( error.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue().equals("There are no exact matches for the search.")) return; } if(format.equals("ISBN")){ NodeList productName = doc.getElementsByTagName("ProductName"); NodeList imageMed = doc.getElementsByTagName("ImageUrlMedium"); NodeList imageSmall = doc.getElementsByTagName("ImageUrlSmall"); NodeList ourPrice = doc.getElementsByTagName("OurPrice"); NodeList usedPrice = doc.getElementsByTagName("UsedPrice"); NodeList retailPrice = doc.getElementsByTagName("ListPrice"); NodeList publisher = doc.getElementsByTagName("Manufacturer"); NodeList author = doc.getElementsByTagName("Author"); NodeList isbnq = doc.getElementsByTagName("Asin"); // in case of multiple authors StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < author.getLength(); i++) { if (i != 0) sb.append(','); sb.append(author.item(i).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); } if(ourPrice.getLength()!=0){ BookBean book = new BookBean(); book.setVendor("Amazon"); if(productName.getLength()>0) book.setTitle( productName.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); if(imageMed.getLength()>0) book.setCover( imageMed.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); if(imageSmall.getLength()>0) book.setCoverSmall(imageSmall.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); tempPrice = ourPrice.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); tempPrice = tempPrice.substring(1); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(tempPrice)); if(retailPrice.getLength()>0){ tempRetail = retailPrice.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue();

92

tempRetail = tempRetail.substring(1); book.setRetail(Double.parseDouble(tempRetail)); }if(publisher.getLength()>0) book.setPublisher( publisher.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); book.setAuthor(sb.toString()); if(isbnq.getLength()>0) book.setIsbn( isbnq.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); book.setBuyLink("http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/"+ book.getIsbn()); bookList.addElement(book); }// end inner if if(usedPrice.getLength()!=0){ BookBean book = new BookBean(); book.setVendor("Amazon-Used"); if(productName.getLength()>0) book.setTitle( productName.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); if(imageMed.getLength()>0) book.setCover( imageMed.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); if(imageSmall.getLength()>0) book.setCoverSmall(imageSmall.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); tempPrice = usedPrice.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); tempPrice = tempPrice.substring(1); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(tempPrice)); if(retailPrice.getLength()>0){ tempRetail = retailPrice.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); tempRetail = tempRetail.substring(1); book.setRetail(Double.parseDouble(tempRetail)); } if(publisher.getLength()>0) book.setPublisher( publisher.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); book.setAuthor(sb.toString()); if(isbnq.getLength()>0) book.setIsbn( isbnq.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); book.setBuyLink("http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/"+ book.getIsbn()); bookList.addElement(book); } // end inner if } // end outer if else{ NodeList totalPages = doc.getElementsByTagName("TotalPages"); NodeList productName = doc.getElementsByTagName("ProductName"); NodeList imageSmall = doc.getElementsByTagName("ImageUrlSmall"); NodeList publisher = doc.getElementsByTagName("Manufacturer"); NodeList year = doc.getElementsByTagName("ReleaseDate"); NodeList isbnq = doc.getElementsByTagName("Asin"); NodeList authors = doc.getElementsByTagName("Authors"); int pages = Integer.parseInt(totalPages.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); if (pages > 50) pages = 50; int pagesLeft = pages - 1; for(int z = 0; z < productName.getLength(); z++){ BookBean book = new BookBean(); if(productName.item(z) != null) book.setTitle( productName.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); if(imageSmall.item(z) != null) book.setCoverSmall(imageSmall.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); if(publisher.item(z) != null) book.setPublisher( publisher.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); else book.setPublisher( "Unavailable"); if(year.item(z) != null) book.setYear( year.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() );

93

else book.setYear( "Unavailable"); if(isbnq.item(z) != null) book.setIsbn( isbnq.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); String aa=""; if(authors.item(z) != null){ Element element = (Element) authors.item(z); NodeList author = element.getElementsByTagName("Author"); for (int c = 0; c < author.getLength(); c++) { Element line = (Element) author.item(c); aa = aa + getCharacterDataFromElement(line)+" "; } book.setAuthor(aa); } else book.setAuthor("NA"); bookList.addElement(book); } // end for loop // get more pages if any for(int m = 1; m <= pagesLeft; m++){ int count = m+1; String amUrl = "http://xml.amazon.com/onca/xml3?t="+ associatesID + "&dev-t=" + devToken + searchType + "&mode=" + mode +"&offer=All&type=" + type +

"&page=" + count+"&f=xml"; amazon = new URL(amUrl); urlconn = amazon.openConnection(); urlconn.setDoInput(true); in = urlconn.getInputStream(); //parse amazon xml file doc = null; try { DocumentBuilderFactory docBuilderFact = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder docBuilder = docBuilderFact.newDocumentBuilder(); doc = docBuilder.parse(in); } catch (SAXException saxEx) {throw new ServletException("wrong xml", saxEx); } catch (ParserConfigurationException pc) { throw new ServletException("Servletexception, check jaxp configuration", pc);} totalPages = doc.getElementsByTagName("TotalPages"); productName = doc.getElementsByTagName("ProductName"); imageSmall = doc.getElementsByTagName("ImageUrlSmall"); publisher = doc.getElementsByTagName("Manufacturer"); year = doc.getElementsByTagName("ReleaseDate"); isbnq = doc.getElementsByTagName("Asin"); authors = doc.getElementsByTagName("Authors"); for(int z = 0; z < productName.getLength(); z++){ BookBean book = new BookBean(); if(productName.item(z) != null) book.setTitle( productName.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); if(imageSmall.item(z) != null) book.setCoverSmall(imageSmall.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); if(publisher.item(z) != null) book.setPublisher( publisher.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); else book.setPublisher( "Unavailable");

94

if(year.item(z) != null) book.setYear( year.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); else book.setYear( "Unavailable"); if(isbnq.item(z) != null) book.setIsbn( isbnq.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); String aa=""; if(authors.item(z) != null){ Element element = (Element) authors.item(z); NodeList author = element.getElementsByTagName("Author"); for (int c = 0; c < author.getLength(); c++) { Element line = (Element) author.item(c); aa = aa + getCharacterDataFromElement(line)+" "; } book.setAuthor(aa); } else book.setAuthor("NA"); bookList.addElement(book); } // end for loop } // end out for loop } // end inner else } // end amazon method private void barnes(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String barnesUrl = "http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?endeca=1&isbn="+ key; String inputBn = scrape(barnesUrl); if(inputBn.equals(null))return; String bnPivotPrice = "priceRightBNPrice\">"; String priceNew, priceUsed = null; String bnPivotPriceNew, bnPivotPriceUsed = null; int start,end,bnPivotStartNew,bnPivotStartUsed = 0; bnPivotStartNew = inputBn.indexOf(bnPivotPrice); bnPivotStartUsed = inputBn.lastIndexOf(bnPivotPrice); if( bnPivotStartNew == -1 && bnPivotStartUsed == -1 ); else{ if(bnPivotStartNew > -1){ BookBean book = new BookBean(); //get barnes new price start = inputBn.indexOf("$",bnPivotStartNew); end = inputBn.indexOf(".",start); priceNew = inputBn.substring(start+1,end+3); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceNew)); book.setVendor("Barnes & Noble"); book.setBuyLink(barnesUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } if(bnPivotStartUsed > -1 && bnPivotStartUsed != bnPivotStartNew){ BookBean book = new BookBean(); //get barnes used price start = inputBn.indexOf("$",bnPivotStartUsed); end = inputBn.indexOf("</SPAN>",bnPivotStartUsed); priceUsed = inputBn.substring(start+1,end); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceUsed)); book.setVendor("Barnes & Noble-Used"); book.setBuyLink(barnesUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // inner if } // end else } // end barnes method

95

private void ecampus(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String ecUrl = "http://www.ecampus.com/bk_detail.asp?ISBN="+key; String inputEc = scrape(ecUrl); if(inputEc.equals(null))return; String ecPivot = "Our Price"; String priceEc = null; String listPrice = null; int start,end,ecPivotStart = 0; ecPivotStart = inputEc.indexOf(ecPivot); if( ecPivotStart == -1); else{ //get ecamp price BookBean book = new BookBean(); start = inputEc.indexOf("$",ecPivotStart); end = inputEc.indexOf("</font>",start); priceEc = inputEc.substring(start+1,end); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceEc)); book.setVendor("eCampus"); book.setBuyLink(ecUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // end else } // end ecampus method private void powells(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String powUrl = "http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?isbn="+key; String inputPow = scrape(powUrl); if(inputPow.equals(null))return; String powPivot = "<FONT FACE=\"Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif\" COLOR=\"#990000\" SIZE=\"3\">"; String pricePow = null; int start,end,powPivotStart = 0; powPivotStart = inputPow.indexOf(powPivot); if( powPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price BookBean book = new BookBean(); start = inputPow.indexOf("$",powPivotStart); end = inputPow.indexOf("<",start); pricePow = inputPow.substring(start+1,end); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(pricePow)); book.setVendor("Powells"); book.setBuyLink(powUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // end else } // end powells method private void biggerBooks(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String bigUrl = "http://www.biggerbooks.com/bk_detail.asp?ISBN="+key; String inputBig = scrape(bigUrl); if(inputBig.equals(null))return; String bigPivot = "Our Price"; String bigPivotRetail = "List Price"; String priceBig = null; String listPrice = null; int start,end,bigPivotStartPrice,bigPivotStartRetail = 0; bigPivotStartPrice = inputBig.indexOf(bigPivot); bigPivotStartRetail = inputBig.indexOf(bigPivotRetail); if( bigPivotStartPrice == -1); else{

96

//get price BookBean book = new BookBean(); start = inputBig.indexOf("$",bigPivotStartPrice); end = inputBig.indexOf("</span>",start); priceBig = inputBig.substring(start+1,end); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceBig)); book.setVendor("BiggerBooks"); book.setBuyLink(bigUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // end else } // end biggerBooks method private void booksMillion(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String milUrl = "http://www.booksamillion.com/ncom/books?isbn="+key; String inputMil = scrape(milUrl); if(inputMil.equals(null))return; String milPivot = "Our Price"; String priceMil = null; int start,end,milPivotStart = 0; milPivotStart = inputMil.indexOf(milPivot); if( milPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price BookBean book = new BookBean(); start = inputMil.indexOf("$",milPivotStart); end = inputMil.indexOf("</B>",start); priceMil = inputMil.substring(start+1,end); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceMil)); book.setVendor("BooksAMillion"); book.setBuyLink(milUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // end else } // end booksMillion method private void blackwell(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String blackUrl = "http://bookshop.blackwell.com/bobus/scripts/home.jsp?action=search&type=isbn&term="+key; String inputBlack = scrape(blackUrl); if(inputBlack.equals(null))return; String blackPivot = "strong"; String priceBlack = null; int start,end,blackPivotStart,blackPivotStartRetail = 0; blackPivotStart = inputBlack.indexOf(blackPivot); if( blackPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price BookBean book = new BookBean(); start = inputBlack.indexOf("$",blackPivotStart); end = inputBlack.indexOf("</B>",start); priceBlack = inputBlack.substring(start+1,end); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceBlack)); book.setVendor("Blackwell's"); book.setBuyLink(blackUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // end else } // end blackwell method private void allDirect(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String allUrl = "http://www.alldirect.com/book.asp?isbn="+key;

97

String inputAll = scrape(allUrl); if(inputAll.equals(null))return; String allPivot = "Direct's Price"; String priceAll = null; int start,end,allPivotStart,allPivotStartRetail = 0; allPivotStart = inputAll.indexOf(allPivot); if( allPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price BookBean book = new BookBean(); start = inputAll.indexOf("$",allPivotStart); end = inputAll.indexOf("</FONT>",start); priceAll = inputAll.substring(start+1,end); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceAll)); book.setVendor("AllDirect.com"); book.setBuyLink(allUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // end else } // end allDirect method private void deals(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String dealUrl = "http://www.dealsdealsdeals.com/itemdetail.cfm?sku="+key; String inputDeal = scrape(dealUrl); if(inputDeal.equals(null))return; String dealPivot = "Our Price"; String priceDeal = null; int start,end,dealPivotStart,dealPivotStartRetail = 0; dealPivotStart = inputDeal.indexOf(dealPivot); if( dealPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price BookBean book = new BookBean(); start = inputDeal.indexOf("$",dealPivotStart); end = inputDeal.indexOf("</span>",start); priceDeal = inputDeal.substring(start+1,end); try{ book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceDeal));} catch (NumberFormatException nfe){return;} book.setVendor("dealsdealsdeals.com"); book.setBuyLink(dealUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // end else } // end deals method private void varsity(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String varUrl = "http://www.varsitybooks.com/Search.aspx?SearchType=ISBN&SearchValue="+key; String inputVar = scrape(varUrl); if(inputVar.equals(null))return; String varPivot = "New Book"; String priceVar = null; int start,end,varPivotStart = 0; varPivotStart = inputVar.indexOf(varPivot); if( varPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price BookBean book = new BookBean(); start = inputVar.indexOf(">",varPivotStart); end = inputVar.indexOf("</span>",start); priceVar = inputVar.substring(start+1,end); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceVar));

98

book.setVendor("VarsityBooks"); book.setBuyLink(varUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // end else } // end varsity method private void half(String key, Vector bookList) throws ServletException, IOException{ String halfUrl = "http://half.ebay.com/search/search.jsp?&product=books&keyword="+key; String inputHalf = scrape(halfUrl); if(inputHalf.equals(null))return; String halfPivot = "Best&nbsp;Price"; String priceHalf = null; int start,end,halfPivotStart,halfPivotStartRetail = 0; halfPivotStart = inputHalf.indexOf(halfPivot); if( halfPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price BookBean book = new BookBean(); start = inputHalf.indexOf("$",halfPivotStart); end = inputHalf.indexOf("</b>",start); priceHalf = inputHalf.substring(start+1,end); book.setPrice(Double.parseDouble(priceHalf)); book.setVendor("half.com"); book.setBuyLink(halfUrl); bookList.addElement(book); } // end else } // end half method private String scrape(String locale) { String ll = locale; try{ URL u = new URL(ll); URLConnection urlconnx = u.openConnection(); urlconnx.setDoInput(true); InputStream inx = urlconnx.getInputStream(); BufferedReader bb = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(u.openStream())); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); String input; while(((input = bb.readLine()) != null)) sb.append(input); bb.close(); input = sb.toString(); return input; }catch(IOException ie){return null;} } private String getCharacterDataFromElement(Element e) { Node child = e.getFirstChild(); if (child instanceof CharacterData) { CharacterData cd = (CharacterData) child; return cd.getData(); } return "Unknown"; } private String normalize(String []norm){ String ttt = ""; StringTokenizer t = new StringTokenizer(norm[0]," "); while(t.hasMoreTokens()){ ttt = ttt + t.nextToken() + "%20";

99

} int last = ttt.lastIndexOf("%20"); ttt = ttt.substring(0, last); return ttt; } } // end Controller class

100

APPENDIX 5

BookBean.java

package CWS; public class BookBean implements Comparable { private String vendor; private double price; private String buyLink; private String title; private String cover; private String coverSmall; private double retail; private String publisher; private String year; private String author; private String isbn; /** Creates a new instance of BookBean */ public BookBean() { vendor=""; price=0.0; buyLink=""; title=""; cover="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/noCoverM.jpg"; coverSmall="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/noCoverS.bmp"; retail =0.0; publisher=""; year=""; author=""; isbn=""; } public void setVendor(String strv) { vendor=strv; } public String getVendor() { return vendor; } public void setPrice(double strp) { price=strp; } public double getPrice() { return price; } public void setBuyLink(String strb) { buyLink=strb; } public String getBuyLink() { return buyLink; } public void setTitle(String strt) { title=strt; } public String getTitle() { return title; } public void setCover(String strc) { cover=strc; } public String getCover() { return cover;

101

} public void setCoverSmall(String strcs) { coverSmall=strcs; } public String getCoverSmall() { return coverSmall; } public void setRetail(double strr) { retail=strr; } public double getRetail() { return retail; } public void setPublisher(String strpp) { publisher=strpp; } public String getPublisher() { return publisher; } public void setYear(String stry) { year=stry; } public String getYear() { return year; } public void setAuthor(String stra) { author=stra; } public String getAuthor() { return author; } public void setIsbn(String stri) { isbn=stri; } public String getIsbn() { return isbn; } public int compareTo(Object otherObject) throws ClassCastException { if (!(otherObject instanceof BookBean)) throw new ClassCastException("A BookBean object is expected."); BookBean anotherBook = (BookBean)otherObject; if(price < anotherBook.price) return -1; if(price > anotherBook.price) return 1; return 0; } }

102

APPENDIX 6

Error.jsp

<%@page contentType="text/html"%> <%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <html> <head><title>CWS.com Book Search</title></head> <body bgcolor="#BDB76B"> <center> <img src= "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/logo.GIF" alt="CWS.com"> <p> <table width="80%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/aboutus.jsp" > <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/about.GIF" name=aboutus alt="About Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "mailto:mr13204w@pace.edu" </a> <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/contact.GIF" name=contact alt="Contact Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp" > <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/home.GIF" name=home alt = "Home"</a> </td> </tr> </table> <p> <p> <h2 align=center> <% String err = (String)session.getAttribute("err"); out.println(err); session.invalidate();%><br> <a href="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp">Click here to search again.</a> </h2> </body> </html>

103

APPENDIX 7

Search.jsp

<%@page contentType="text/html"%> <%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@page import="java.util.*, CWS.BookBean" %> <jsp:useBean id="bookList" class="java.util.Vector" scope="session"/> <html> <head><title>CWS.com Book Search</title></head> <body bgcolor="#BDB76B"> <center> <img src= "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/logo.GIF" alt="CWS.com"> <p> <table width="80%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/aboutus.jsp" > <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/about.GIF" name=aboutus alt="About Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "mailto:mr13204w@pace.edu" </a> <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/contact.GIF" name=contact alt="Contact Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp" > <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/home.GIF" name=home alt = "Home"</a> </td> </tr> </table> <hr> <h3><i>CWS.com is the ideal place to shop for the best book prices from various bookstores around the world</i></h3> <hr> <hr> <p> <% if (!bookList.isEmpty()){ int display = 20; int start = 0; String begin = request.getParameter("start"); try {start = Integer.parseInt(begin);} catch (Exception ex) {} int end = start + display;%> <a href="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp"> Click Here for New Search</a> <center> <h3 align=center><font color="#990000"> CWS search found <%= bookList.size()%> book(s):</h3> <p> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" width="100%" bgcolor="#ffff99"> <form name=shop action="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/servlet/Controller" id="formx" method=get> <% if (end > bookList.size() ){ %> <tr><td><font color="#990000">Results <%= start+1 %>-<%= bookList.size() %></font></td></tr>

104

<% for (int index=start; index < bookList.size(); index++) { %> <tr><td align=left><hr><img src="<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getCoverSmall()%>"></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getTitle() %></td></tr> <tr><td align=left>Author(s):&nbsp&nbsp<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getAuthor() %></td></tr> <tr><td align=left>Publisher:&nbsp&nbsp<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getPublisher() %></td></tr> <tr><td align=left>ISBN:&nbsp&nbsp<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getIsbn() %></td></tr> <% if(bookList.size() == 1) { %> <tr><td align=left><input type="radio" name=textboxget value="<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getIsbn()%>"> <%} else { %> <tr><td align=left><input type="radio" name=textboxget value="<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getIsbn()%>"> <% } %> <input type="submit" value="Shop Prices!"></td></tr> <% } } else { %> <tr><td><font color="#990000">Results <%= start+1 %>-<%= end-1 %></font></td></tr> <% for (int index=start; index < end; index++) { %> <tr><td align=left><hr><img src="<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getCoverSmall()%>"></td></tr> <tr><td align=left><%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getTitle() %></td></tr> <tr><td align=left>Author(s):&nbsp&nbsp<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getAuthor() %></td></tr> <tr><td align=left>Publisher:&nbsp&nbsp<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getPublisher() %></td></tr> <tr><td align=left>ISBN:&nbsp&nbsp<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getIsbn() %></td></tr> <% if(bookList.size() == 1) { %> <tr><td align=left><input type="radio" name=textboxget value="<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getIsbn()%>"> <%} else { %> <tr><td align=left><input type="radio" name=textboxget value="<%= ((BookBean) bookList.elementAt(index)).getIsbn()%>"> <% } %> <input type="submit" value="Shop Prices!"></td></tr> <% } %> <table align="center"> <a href="<%= request.getRequestURI() %>?start=<%= end %>">Next <%= display %> results</a> </table> <% } %> </form> </table> <% } else out.println("Sorry, your book search was unsuccessful. Please try again."); %> <br> <hr> <p> <a href="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp"> Click Here for New Search</a> </body> </html>

105

APPENDIX 8

CWS.wsdl

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <wsdl:definitions targetNamespace="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws" xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:apachesoap="http://xml.apache.org/xml-soap" xmlns:impl="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws" xmlns:intf="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws" xmlns:soapenc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:wsdl="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/" xmlns:wsdlsoap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/wsdl/soap/" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"> <wsdl:message name="searchAllResponse"> <wsdl:part name="searchAllReturn" type="xsd:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="searchAllRequest"> <wsdl:part name="author" type="xsd:string"/> <wsdl:part name="title" type="xsd:string"/> <wsdl:part name="publisher" type="xsd:string"/> <wsdl:part name="year" type="xsd:string"/> <wsdl:part name="subject" type="xsd:string"/> <wsdl:part name="keyword" type="xsd:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="searchIsbnResponse"> <wsdl:part name="searchIsbnReturn" type="xsd:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:message name="searchIsbnRequest"> <wsdl:part name="isbn" type="xsd:string"/> </wsdl:message> <wsdl:portType name="BookServerImpl"> <wsdl:operation name="searchIsbn" parameterOrder="isbn"> <wsdl:input message="impl:searchIsbnRequest" name="searchIsbnRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="impl:searchIsbnResponse" name="searchIsbnResponse"/> </wsdl:operation> <wsdl:operation name="searchAll" parameterOrder="author title publisher year subject keyword"> <wsdl:input message="impl:searchAllRequest" name="searchAllRequest"/> <wsdl:output message="impl:searchAllResponse" name="searchAllResponse"/> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:portType> <wsdl:binding name="BookServerImplSoapBinding" type="impl:BookServerImpl"> <wsdlsoap:binding style="rpc" transport="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/http"/> <wsdl:operation name="searchIsbn"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> <wsdl:input name="searchIsbnRequest"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://DefaultNamespace" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output name="searchIsbnResponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> <wsdl:operation name="searchAll"> <wsdlsoap:operation soapAction=""/> <wsdl:input name="searchAllRequest">

106

<wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://DefaultNamespace" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:input> <wsdl:output name="searchAllResponse"> <wsdlsoap:body encodingStyle="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" namespace="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws" use="encoded"/> </wsdl:output> </wsdl:operation> </wsdl:binding> <wsdl:service name="BookServerImplService"> <wsdl:port binding="impl:BookServerImplSoapBinding" name="BookServerImpl"> <wsdlsoap:address location="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws"/> </wsdl:port> </wsdl:service> </wsdl:definitions>

107

APPENDIX 9

Aboutus.jsp

<%@page contentType="text/html"%> <%@page pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <html> <head><title>CWS.com Book Search</title></head> <body bgcolor="#BDB76B"> <center> <img src= "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/logo.GIF" alt="CWS.com"> <p> <table width="80%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5"> <tr> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/aboutus.jsp" > <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/about.GIF" name=aboutus alt="About Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "mailto:mr13204w@pace.edu" </a> <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/contact.GIF" name=contact alt="Contact Us"</a> </td> <td align=center> <a href = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp" > <img src = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/home.GIF" name=home alt = "Home"</a> </td> </tr> </table> <p> <h1>About our Firm</h1> <p align=left> CWS.com, a small firm headquarterd in New York City, has been in business for over 20 years. We specialize in providing Web Service tools for consumers all over the world. These tools range from public interfaces to application-to-application functionality. CWS.com provides one stop shopping from numerous vendors which include Amazon, Ebay and Barnes and Noble. Enjoy Shopping with CWS.com.!!!!!!!!!!!!<br> <br> <br> Michael Ryan CEO </body> </html>

108

APPENDIX 10

BookServerImpl.jws

import java.io.*; import java.util.*; //for Vector import java.net.*; //for URL,URLConnection import javax.xml.parsers.*; import org.w3c.dom.*; import org.xml.sax.*; public class BookServerImpl implements IBookSearch { public String searchIsbn(String isbn) { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); sb.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>"); sb.append("<Results>"); // remove dashes,spaces,etc StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(isbn," ",false); String temp=""; while (st.hasMoreElements()) temp += st.nextElement(); st = new StringTokenizer(temp,"-",false); String temp2=""; while (st.hasMoreElements()) temp2 += st.nextElement(); isbn = temp2; String x = "&PowerSearch=isbn:"+isbn; try{ amazon(x,"ISBN",sb); barnes(isbn,sb); ecampus(isbn,sb); powells(isbn,sb); biggerBooks(isbn,sb); booksMillion(isbn,sb); blackwell(isbn,sb); allDirect(isbn,sb); deals(isbn,sb); varsity(isbn,sb); half(isbn,sb); sb.append("</Results>"); }catch (IOException io){} if(sb.length() == 0){ sb = null; sb.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><Results><Books>No books found </Books> </Results>"); return sb.toString(); } else{ int ind=sb.indexOf("&"); while(ind != -1){ sb.replace(ind,ind+1,"&amp;"); ind=sb.indexOf("&",ind+1); } return sb.toString(); } } // end searchIsbn method public String searchAll(String author,String title, String publisher, String year, String subject, String keyword) { StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();

109

if ( (author.equals("") && title.equals("") && publisher.equals("") && year.equals("") && subject.equals("") && keyword.equals("")) ||

(author.equals(" ") || title.equals(" ") || publisher.equals(" ") || year.equals(" ") || subject.equals(" ") || keyword.equals(" ")) ) {

sb.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><Results><Error>Invalid search criteria </Error> </Results>"); return sb.toString(); } else{ String temp = "&PowerSearch="; if(!(author.equals("")) ) temp = temp + "author:" + normalize(author); if(!(title.equals("")) && !(author.equals("")) ) temp = temp + "%20title:" + normalize(title); else if (!(title.equals(""))) temp = temp+"title:"+

normalize (title); else; if(!(publisher.equals("")) && (!(title.equals("")) || !(author.equals("") )) ) temp = temp + "%20publisher:" + normalize(publisher); else if(!(publisher.equals(""))) temp = temp + "publisher:" + normalize(publisher); else; if(!(year.equals("")) && (!(publisher.equals("")) || !(title.equals("")) || !(author.equals("") ) )) temp = temp + "%20pubdate:" + normalize(year); else if (!(year.equals(""))) temp = temp + "pubdate:" + normalize(year); else; if(!(subject.equals("")) && (!(year.equals("")) || !(publisher.equals("")) || !(title.equals("")) || !(author.equals("") )) ) temp = temp + "%20subject:" + normalize(subject); else if (!(subject.equals(""))) temp = temp + "subject:" + normalize(subject); else; if(!(keyword.equals("")) && (!(subject.equals("")) || !(year.equals("")) || !(publisher.equals("")) || !(title.equals("")) || !(author.equals("") ) )) temp = temp + "%20keywords:" + normalize(keyword); else if (!(keyword.equals(""))) temp = temp + "keywords:" + normalize(keyword); else; try{amazon(temp, "Other", sb);}catch(IOException io){} if(sb.length() == 0){ sb.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\"?><Results><Books>No books found</Books></Results>"); return sb.toString(); } else{ int ind=sb.indexOf("&"); while(ind != -1){ sb.replace(ind,ind+1,"&amp;"); ind=sb.indexOf("&",ind+1); } return sb.toString(); } // end inner else

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} // end outer else } // end searchAll method private void amazon(String searchType, String format, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String associatesID = "webservices-20"; String devToken = "DTC9V1J0AUUYV"; String mode = "books"; String type = "lite"; String amazonUrl= "http://xml.amazon.com/onca/xml3?t=" + associatesID + "&dev-t=" + devToken + searchType + "&mode=" + mode + "&offer=All&type=" + type +"&page=1&f=xml"; String tempPrice = null; String tempRetail = null; URL amazon = new URL(amazonUrl); URLConnection urlconn = amazon.openConnection(); urlconn.setDoInput(true); InputStream in = urlconn.getInputStream(); //parse amazon xml file Document doc = null; try { DocumentBuilderFactory docBuilderFact = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder docBuilder = docBuilderFact.newDocumentBuilder(); doc = docBuilder.parse(in); } catch (SAXException saxEx) {} catch (ParserConfigurationException pc) {} NodeList error = doc.getElementsByTagName("ErrorMsg"); if(error.item(0) != null){ if( error.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue().equals("There are no exact matches for the search.")) return; } if(format.equals("ISBN")){ NodeList productName = doc.getElementsByTagName("ProductName"); NodeList imageMed = doc.getElementsByTagName("ImageUrlMedium"); NodeList imageSmall = doc.getElementsByTagName("ImageUrlSmall"); NodeList ourPrice = doc.getElementsByTagName("OurPrice"); NodeList usedPrice = doc.getElementsByTagName("UsedPrice"); NodeList retailPrice = doc.getElementsByTagName("ListPrice"); NodeList publisher = doc.getElementsByTagName("Manufacturer"); NodeList author = doc.getElementsByTagName("Author"); NodeList isbnq = doc.getElementsByTagName("Asin"); // in case of multiple authors StringBuffer sa = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < author.getLength(); i++) { if (i != 0) sa.append(','); sa.append(author.item(i).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); } sb.append("<Book>"); if(productName.getLength()>0){ sb.append("<Title>"); sb.append(productName.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); sb.append("</Title>"); sb.append("<Authors>"); sb.append(sa.toString()); sb.append("</Authors>"); }

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if(publisher.getLength()>0){ sb.append("<Publisher>"); sb.append(publisher.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); sb.append("</Publisher>"); } if(isbnq.getLength()>0){ sb.append("<ISBN>"); sb.append( isbnq.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); sb.append("</ISBN>"); } if(retailPrice.getLength()>0){ sb.append("<RetailPrice>"); tempRetail = retailPrice.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); tempRetail = tempRetail.substring(1); sb.append(tempRetail); sb.append("</RetailPrice>"); } sb.append("</Book>"); if(ourPrice.getLength()!=0){ sb.append("<Vendor>Amazon</Vendor>"); tempPrice = ourPrice.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); tempPrice = tempPrice.substring(1); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(tempPrice); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append("http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/" + isbnq.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end inner if if(usedPrice.getLength()!=0){ sb.append("<Vendor>Amazon-Used</Vendor>"); tempPrice = usedPrice.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue(); tempPrice = tempPrice.substring(1); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(tempPrice); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append("http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/"+ isbnq.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end inner if } // outer if else{ NodeList totalPages = doc.getElementsByTagName("TotalPages"); NodeList productName = doc.getElementsByTagName("ProductName"); NodeList imageSmall = doc.getElementsByTagName("ImageUrlSmall"); NodeList publisher = doc.getElementsByTagName("Manufacturer"); NodeList isbnq = doc.getElementsByTagName("Asin"); NodeList authors = doc.getElementsByTagName("Authors"); NodeList year = doc.getElementsByTagName("ReleaseDate"); NodeList error2 = doc.getElementsByTagName("ErrorMsg"); if(error2.item(0) != null){ if( error2.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue().equals("There are no exact matches for the search.")) return; }

int pages = Integer.parseInt(totalPages.item(0).getFirstChild().getNodeValue());

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if (pages > 50) pages = 50; int pagesLeft = pages - 1; sb.append("<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>"); sb.append("<Results>"); for(int z = 0; z < productName.getLength(); z++){ sb.append("<Book>"); sb.append("<Title>"); if(productName.item(z) != null){ sb.append( productName.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); sb.append("</Title>"); } sb.append("<Authors>"); String aa=""; if(authors.item(z) != null){ Element element = (Element) authors.item(z); NodeList author = element.getElementsByTagName("Author"); for (int c = 0; c < author.getLength(); c++) { Element line = (Element) author.item(c); aa = aa + getCharacterDataFromElement(line)+" "; } sb.append(aa); } else sb.append("NA"); sb.append("</Authors>"); sb.append("<Publisher>"); if(publisher.item(z) != null){ sb.append(publisher.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); } else sb.append("Unavailable"); sb.append("</Publisher>"); sb.append("<PublishYear>"); if(year.item(z) != null){ sb.append( year.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); } else sb.append("Unavailable"); sb.append("</PublishYear>"); sb.append("<ISBN>"); if(isbnq.item(z) != null){ sb.append(isbnq.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); } else sb.append("NA"); sb.append("</ISBN>"); sb.append("</Book>"); } // end for loop // get more pages if any for(int m = 1; m <= pagesLeft; m++){ int count = m+1; String amUrl ="http://xml.amazon.com/onca/xml3?t=" + associatesID + "&dev-t=" + devToken + searchType + "&mode="+mode+"&offer=All&type="+type+"&page="+count+"&f=xml"; amazon = new URL(amUrl); urlconn = amazon.openConnection(); urlconn.setDoInput(true); in = urlconn.getInputStream(); //parse amazon xml file doc = null; try { DocumentBuilderFactory docBuilderFact =

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DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder docBuilder =

docBuilderFact.newDocumentBuilder(); doc = docBuilder.parse(in); } catch(SAXException saxEx){} catch (ParserConfigurationException pc) {} totalPages = doc.getElementsByTagName("TotalPages"); productName = doc.getElementsByTagName("ProductName"); imageSmall = doc.getElementsByTagName("ImageUrlSmall"); publisher = doc.getElementsByTagName("Manufacturer"); isbnq = doc.getElementsByTagName("Asin"); authors = doc.getElementsByTagName("Authors"); year = doc.getElementsByTagName("ReleaseDate"); for(int z = 0; z < productName.getLength(); z++){ sb.append("<Book>"); sb.append("<Title>"); if(productName.item(z) != null){ sb.append( productName.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); sb.append("</Title>"); } sb.append("<Authors>"); String aa=""; if(authors.item(z) != null){ Element element = (Element) authors.item(z); NodeList author = element.getElementsByTagName("Author"); for (int c = 0; c < author.getLength(); c++) { Element line = (Element) author.item(c); aa = aa + getCharacterDataFromElement(line)+" "; } sb.append(aa); } else sb.append("NA"); sb.append("</Authors>"); sb.append("<Publisher>"); if(publisher.item(z) != null){ sb.append(publisher.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); } else sb.append("Unavailable"); sb.append("</Publisher>"); sb.append("<PublishYear>"); if(year.item(z) != null){ sb.append( year.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue() ); } else sb.append("Unavailable"); sb.append("</PublishYear>"); sb.append("<ISBN>"); if(isbnq.item(z) != null){ sb.append(isbnq.item(z).getFirstChild().getNodeValue()); } else sb.append("NA"); sb.append("</ISBN>"); sb.append("</Book>"); } // end for loop

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} // end out for loop sb.append("</Results>"); } // end inner else } // end amazon method private void barnes(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String barnesUrl = "http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?endeca=1&isbn="+ key; String inputBn = scrape(barnesUrl); if(inputBn.equals(null))return; String bnPivotPrice = "priceRightBNPrice\">"; String priceNew, priceUsed = null; String bnPivotPriceNew, bnPivotPriceUsed = null; int start,end,bnPivotStartNew,bnPivotStartUsed = 0; bnPivotStartNew = inputBn.indexOf(bnPivotPrice); bnPivotStartUsed = inputBn.lastIndexOf(bnPivotPrice); if( bnPivotStartNew == -1 && bnPivotStartUsed == -1 ); else{ if(bnPivotStartNew > -1){ sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("Barnes and Noble"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); //get barnes new price start = inputBn.indexOf("$",bnPivotStartNew); end = inputBn.indexOf(".",start); priceNew = inputBn.substring(start+1,end+3); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceNew); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append("http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?endeca=1&isbn="+ key); sb.append("</Link>"); } if(bnPivotStartUsed > -1 && bnPivotStartUsed != bnPivotStartNew){ sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("Barnes & Noble-Used"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); //get barnes used price start = inputBn.indexOf("$",bnPivotStartUsed); end = inputBn.indexOf("</SPAN>",bnPivotStartUsed); priceUsed = inputBn.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceUsed); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append("http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?endeca=1&isbn="+ key); sb.append("</Link>"); } // inner if } // end else } // end barnes method private void ecampus(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String ecUrl = "http://www.ecampus.com/bk_detail.asp?ISBN="+key; String inputEc = scrape(ecUrl); if(inputEc.equals(null))return; String ecPivot = "Our Price"; String priceEc = null;

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String listPrice = null; int start,end,ecPivotStart = 0; ecPivotStart = inputEc.indexOf(ecPivot); if( ecPivotStart == -1); else{ //get ecamp price sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("eCampus"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); start = inputEc.indexOf("$",ecPivotStart); end = inputEc.indexOf("</font>",start); priceEc = inputEc.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceEc); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append(ecUrl); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end else } // end ecampus method private void powells(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String powUrl = "http://www.powells.com/cgi-bin/biblio?isbn="+key; String inputPow = scrape(powUrl); if(inputPow.equals(null))return; String powPivot = "<FONT FACE=\"Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif\" COLOR=\"#990000\" SIZE=\"3\">"; String pricePow = null; int start,end,powPivotStart = 0; powPivotStart = inputPow.indexOf(powPivot); if( powPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("Powells"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); start = inputPow.indexOf("$",powPivotStart); end = inputPow.indexOf("<",start); pricePow = inputPow.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(pricePow); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append(powUrl); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end else } // end powells method private void biggerBooks(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String bigUrl = "http://www.biggerbooks.com/bk_detail.asp?ISBN="+key; String inputBig = scrape(bigUrl); if(inputBig.equals(null))return; String bigPivot = "Our Price"; String bigPivotRetail = "List Price"; String priceBig = null; String listPrice = null; int start,end,bigPivotStartPrice,bigPivotStartRetail = 0; bigPivotStartPrice = inputBig.indexOf(bigPivot); bigPivotStartRetail = inputBig.indexOf(bigPivotRetail); if( bigPivotStartPrice == -1);

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else{ //get price sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("BiggerBooks"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); start = inputBig.indexOf("$",bigPivotStartPrice); end = inputBig.indexOf("</span>",start); priceBig = inputBig.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceBig); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append(bigUrl); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end else } // end biggerBooks method private void booksMillion(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String milUrl = "http://www.booksamillion.com/ncom/books?isbn="+key; String inputMil = scrape(milUrl); if(inputMil.equals(null))return; String milPivot = "Our Price"; String priceMil = null; int start,end,milPivotStart = 0; milPivotStart = inputMil.indexOf(milPivot); if( milPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("BooksAMillion"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); start = inputMil.indexOf("$",milPivotStart); end = inputMil.indexOf("</B>",start); priceMil = inputMil.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceMil); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append(milUrl); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end else } // end booksMillion method private void blackwell(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String blackUrl = "http://bookshop.blackwell.com/bobus/scripts/home.jsp?action=search&type=isbn&term="+key; String inputBlack = scrape(blackUrl); if(inputBlack.equals(null))return; String blackPivot = "strong"; String priceBlack = null; int start,end,blackPivotStart,blackPivotStartRetail = 0; blackPivotStart = inputBlack.indexOf(blackPivot); if( blackPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("Blackwell's"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); start = inputBlack.indexOf("$",blackPivotStart); end = inputBlack.indexOf("</B>",start);

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priceBlack = inputBlack.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceBlack); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append(blackUrl); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end else } // end blackwell method private void allDirect(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String allUrl = "http://www.alldirect.com/book.asp?isbn="+key; String inputAll = scrape(allUrl); if(inputAll.equals(null))return; String allPivot = "Direct's Price"; String priceAll = null; int start,end,allPivotStart,allPivotStartRetail = 0; allPivotStart = inputAll.indexOf(allPivot); if( allPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("AllDirect.com"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); start = inputAll.indexOf("$",allPivotStart); end = inputAll.indexOf("</FONT>",start); priceAll = inputAll.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceAll); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append(allUrl); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end else } // end allDirect method private void deals(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String dealUrl = "http://www.dealsdealsdeals.com/itemdetail.cfm?sku="+key; String inputDeal = scrape(dealUrl); if(inputDeal.equals(null))return; String dealPivot = "Our Price"; String priceDeal = null; int start,end,dealPivotStart,dealPivotStartRetail = 0; dealPivotStart = inputDeal.indexOf(dealPivot); if( dealPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("dealsdealsdeals.com"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); start = inputDeal.indexOf("$",dealPivotStart); end = inputDeal.indexOf("</span>",start); priceDeal = inputDeal.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceDeal); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append(dealUrl); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end else

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} // end deals method private void varsity(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String varUrl = "http://www.varsitybooks.com/Search.aspx?SearchType=ISBN&SearchValue="+key; String inputVar = scrape(varUrl); if(inputVar.equals(null))return; String varPivot = "New Book"; String priceVar = null; int start,end,varPivotStart = 0; varPivotStart = inputVar.indexOf(varPivot); if( varPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("VarsityBooks"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); start = inputVar.indexOf(">",varPivotStart); end = inputVar.indexOf("</span>",start); priceVar = inputVar.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceVar); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append(varUrl); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end else } // end varsity method private void half(String key, StringBuffer sb) throws IOException{ String halfUrl = "http://half.ebay.com/search/search.jsp?&product=books&keyword="+key; String inputHalf = scrape(halfUrl); if(inputHalf.equals(null))return; String halfPivot = "Best&nbsp;Price"; String priceHalf = null; int start,end,halfPivotStart,halfPivotStartRetail = 0; halfPivotStart = inputHalf.indexOf(halfPivot); if( halfPivotStart == -1); else{ //get price sb.append("<Vendor>"); sb.append("half.com"); sb.append("</Vendor>"); start = inputHalf.indexOf("$",halfPivotStart); end = inputHalf.indexOf("</b>",start); priceHalf = inputHalf.substring(start+1,end); sb.append("<Price>"); sb.append(priceHalf); sb.append("</Price>"); sb.append("<Link>"); sb.append(halfUrl); sb.append("</Link>"); } // end else } // end half method private String scrape(String locale) { String ll = locale; try{

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URL u = new URL(ll); URLConnection urlconnx = u.openConnection(); urlconnx.setDoInput(true); InputStream inx = urlconnx.getInputStream(); BufferedReader bb = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(u.openStream())); StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); String input; while(((input = bb.readLine()) != null)) sb.append(input); bb.close(); input = sb.toString(); return input; }catch(IOException ie){return null;} } private String getCharacterDataFromElement(Element e) { Node child = e.getFirstChild(); if (child instanceof org.w3c.dom.CharacterData) { org.w3c.dom.CharacterData cd = (org.w3c.dom.CharacterData) child; return cd.getData(); } return "Unknown"; } private String normalize(String norm){ String ttt = ""; StringTokenizer t = new StringTokenizer(norm," "); while(t.hasMoreTokens()){ ttt = ttt + t.nextToken() + "%20"; } int last = ttt.lastIndexOf("%20"); ttt = ttt.substring(0, last); return ttt; } } // end BookServer class

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APPENDIX 11

IBookSearch.java

public interface IBookSearch { public String searchIsbn(String isbn); public String searchAll(String author,String title, String publisher, String year, String subject, String keyword); }

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APPENDIX 12

CWSBookSearchClient.java

package cwsclient; import java.util.*; import java.text.*; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import javax.swing.*; import org.apache.axis.client.Call; import org.apache.axis.client.Service; import org.apache.axis.encoding.XMLType; import javax.xml.namespace.QName; import javax.xml.rpc.ParameterMode; import java.net.URL; public class CWSBookSearchClient extends JFrame{ public static final int WIDTH = 700; public static final int HEIGHT = 700; public static final String TITLE = "CWS Book Search"; private Container contentPane; private JTextField authorText, titleText, publisherText, yearText, subjectText, keywordText, isbnText; private JTextArea results; private JButton searchButton; private JPanel paneldetails; private boolean selectionEnabled = true; private static final String endPoint = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws"; String author, title, publisher, year, subject, keyword, isbn = ""; public static void main(String[] args) { CWSBookSearchClient client = new CWSBookSearchClient(); } // end main method public CWSBookSearchClient() { setTitle(TITLE); setSize(WIDTH, HEIGHT); contentPane = getContentPane(); paneldetails = new JPanel(); contentPane.add(paneldetails, BorderLayout.CENTER); paneldetails.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()); Box box = Box.createVerticalBox(); paneldetails.add(box); box.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(6)); Box box1 = Box.createHorizontalBox(); box1.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); box1.add(new JLabel("Author: ")); authorText = new JTextField("",2); box1.add(authorText);

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box.add(box1); Box box2 = Box.createHorizontalBox(); box2.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); box2.add(new JLabel("Title: ")); titleText = new JTextField("",2); box2.add(titleText); box.add(box2); Box box3 = Box.createHorizontalBox(); box3.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); box3.add(new JLabel("Publisher: ")); publisherText = new JTextField("",2); box3.add(publisherText); box.add(box3); Box box4 = Box.createHorizontalBox(); box4.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); box4.add(new JLabel("Publish Year: ")); yearText = new JTextField("",2); box4.add(yearText); box.add(box4); Box box5 = Box.createHorizontalBox(); box5.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); box5.add(new JLabel("Subject: ")); subjectText = new JTextField("",2); box5.add(subjectText); box.add(box5); Box box6 = Box.createHorizontalBox(); box6.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); box6.add(new JLabel("Keyword: ")); keywordText = new JTextField("",2); box6.add(keywordText); box.add(box6); Box box7 = Box.createHorizontalBox(); box7.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); box7.add(new JLabel("ISBN: ")); isbnText = new JTextField("",2); box7.add(isbnText); box.add(box7); // Create the button Box box8 = Box.createHorizontalBox(); box8.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); box.add(Box.createVerticalStrut(10)); box.add(box8); // "Search" button searchButton = new JButton("Search"); box8.add(searchButton); searchButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) { author = authorText.getText(); title = titleText.getText(); publisher = publisherText.getText(); year = yearText.getText(); subject = subjectText.getText(); keyword = keywordText.getText(); isbn = isbnText.getText();

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if ( !isbn.equals("") ){ searchIsbn(isbn); } else if(!author.equals("") ||!title.equals("") ||!publisher.equals("")|| !year.equals("") || !subject.equals("") || !keyword.equals("")){ searchAll(author, title, publisher, year, subject, keyword); } else results.setText("Select at least one search criteria"); } }); Box box9 = Box.createHorizontalBox(); box9.setAlignmentX(Component.LEFT_ALIGNMENT); box9.add(new JLabel("Search Results: ")); results = new JTextArea("",20,40); results.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()); box9.add(results); box9.add(new JScrollPane(results)); box.add(box9); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); show(); } // end constructor public void searchIsbn(String isbn) { String ret = null; try { Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(endPoint)); call.setOperationName( new QName("BookServer", "searchIsbn") ); call.addParameter("isbn", XMLType.XSD_STRING,ParameterMode.IN); call.setReturnType(XMLType.XSD_STRING); ret = (String)call.invoke(new Object[] {isbn}); results.setText(ret); results.setCaretPosition(0); } catch (Exception e) {results.setText("Unable to process searchIsbn request at this time. Please try again.");} } // end searchIsbn method public void searchAll(String author, String title, String publisher, String year, String subject, String keyword){ String ret = null; try { Service service = new Service(); Call call = (Call) service.createCall(); call.setTargetEndpointAddress(new java.net.URL(endPoint)); call.setOperationName( new QName("BookServer", "searchAll") ); call.addParameter("author", XMLType.XSD_STRING,ParameterMode.IN); call.addParameter("title", XMLType.XSD_STRING,ParameterMode.IN); call.addParameter("publisher", XMLType.XSD_STRING,ParameterMode.IN); call.addParameter("year", XMLType.XSD_STRING,ParameterMode.IN); call.addParameter("subject", XMLType.XSD_STRING,ParameterMode.IN); call.addParameter("keyword", XMLType.XSD_STRING,ParameterMode.IN); call.setReturnType(XMLType.XSD_STRING); Object[] params = new Object[6]; params[0] = author; params[1] = title;

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params[2] = publisher; params[3] = year; params[4] = subject; params[5] = keyword; ret = (String)call.invoke(params); results.setText(ret); results.setCaretPosition(0); } catch (Exception e) { results.setText("Unable to process searchAll request at this time. Please try again."); e.printStackTrace(); } } } // end CWSBookSearchClient class

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APPENDIX 13

cwsForm.cs

using System; using System.Drawing; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Windows.Forms; using System.Data; namespace Search { /// <summary> /// Summary description for Form1. /// </summary> public class cwsForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form { private System.Windows.Forms.Label label1; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label2; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label3; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label4; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label5; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label6; private System.Windows.Forms.Label label7; private System.Windows.Forms.Button button1; private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox authorx; private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox titlex; private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox publisherx; private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox yearx; private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox subjectx; private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox keywordx; private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox isbnx; private System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox display; private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null; public cwsForm() { InitializeComponent(); } protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) { if( disposing ) { if (components != null) { components.Dispose(); } } base.Dispose( disposing ); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() {

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this.label1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.label2 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.label3 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.label4 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.label5 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.label6 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.label7 = new System.Windows.Forms.Label(); this.authorx = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.titlex = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.publisherx = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.yearx = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.subjectx = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.keywordx = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.isbnx = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox(); this.button1 = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.display = new System.Windows.Forms.RichTextBox(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // label1 // this.label1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 32); this.label1.Name = "label1"; this.label1.TabIndex = 0; this.label1.Text = "Author:"; // // label2 // this.label2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 62); this.label2.Name = "label2"; this.label2.TabIndex = 1; this.label2.Text = "Title:"; // // label3 // this.label3.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 92); this.label3.Name = "label3"; this.label3.TabIndex = 2; this.label3.Text = "Publisher:"; // // label4 // this.label4.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 122); this.label4.Name = "label4"; this.label4.TabIndex = 3; this.label4.Text = "Publish Year:"; // // label5 // this.label5.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 152); this.label5.Name = "label5"; this.label5.TabIndex = 4; this.label5.Text = "Subject:"; // // label6 // this.label6.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 182); this.label6.Name = "label6"; this.label6.TabIndex = 5; this.label6.Text = "Keyword:"; // // label7 // this.label7.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 212);

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this.label7.Name = "label7"; this.label7.TabIndex = 6; this.label7.Text = "ISBN:"; // // author // this.authorx.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 32); this.authorx.Name = "author"; this.authorx.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20); this.authorx.TabIndex = 7; this.authorx.Text = ""; // // title // this.titlex.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 62); this.titlex.Name = "title"; this.titlex.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20); this.titlex.TabIndex = 8; this.titlex.Text = ""; // // publisher // this.publisherx.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 92); this.publisherx.Name = "publisher"; this.publisherx.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20); this.publisherx.TabIndex = 9; this.publisherx.Text = ""; // // year // this.yearx.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 122); this.yearx.Name = "year"; this.yearx.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20); this.yearx.TabIndex = 10; this.yearx.Text = ""; // // subject // this.subjectx.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 152); this.subjectx.Name = "subject"; this.subjectx.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20); this.subjectx.TabIndex = 11; this.subjectx.Text = ""; // // keyword // this.keywordx.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 182); this.keywordx.Name = "keyword"; this.keywordx.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20); this.keywordx.TabIndex = 12; this.keywordx.Text = ""; // // isbn // this.isbnx.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(200, 212); this.isbnx.Name = "isbn"; this.isbnx.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(152, 20); this.isbnx.TabIndex = 13; this.isbnx.Text = ""; this.isbnx.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.textBox7_TextChanged); // // button1

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// this.button1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(144, 248); this.button1.Name = "button1"; this.button1.TabIndex = 14; this.button1.Text = "Search"; this.button1.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.button1_Click); // // display // this.display.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(40, 296); this.display.Name = "display"; this.display.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(312, 208); this.display.TabIndex = 16; this.display.Text = ""; // // cwsForm // this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13); this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(384, 558); this.Controls.AddRange(new System.Windows.Forms.Control[] { this.display, this.button1, this.isbnx, this.keywordx, this.subjectx, this.yearx, this.publisherx, this.titlex, this.authorx, this.label7, this.label6, this.label5, this.label4, this.label3, this.label2, this.label1}); this.Name = "cwsForm"; this.Text = "CWS Book Search"; this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.Form1_Load); this.ResumeLayout(false); } #endregion [STAThread] static void Main() { Application.Run(new cwsForm()); } private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } private void label1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } private void textBox7_TextChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) {

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} private void textBox8_TextChanged(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { } private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { try { display.Clear(); string result = null; BookServerImplService svc = new BookServerImplService(); if(!isbnx.Text.Equals("")) { result = svc.searchIsbn(isbnx.Text); display.AppendText(result); result = null; authorx.Text = ""; titlex.Text = ""; publisherx.Text = ""; yearx.Text = ""; subjectx.Text = ""; keywordx.Text = ""; isbnx.Text = ""; } else { result = svc.searchAll(authorx.Text,titlex.Text, publisherx.Text,yearx.Text,subjectx.Text, keywordx.Text); display.AppendText(result); result = null; authorx.Text = ""; titlex.Text = ""; publisherx.Text = ""; yearx.Text = ""; subjectx.Text = ""; keywordx.Text = ""; isbnx.Text = ""; } } catch(Exception ee) { display.AppendText("Unable to process requests at this time."); display.AppendText("Please try again."); } } } }

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APPENDIX 14

BookServerImplService.cs

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // <autogenerated> // This code was generated by a tool. // Runtime Version: 1.0.3705.6018 // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // </autogenerated> //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // // This source code was auto-generated by wsdl, Version=1.0.3705.6018. // namespace Search { using System.Diagnostics; using System.Xml.Serialization; using System; using System.Web.Services.Protocols; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Web.Services; /// <remarks/> [System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThroughAttribute()] [System.ComponentModel.DesignerCategoryAttribute("code")] [System.Web.Services.WebServiceBindingAttribute(Name="BookServerImplSoapBinding", Namespace="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws")] public class BookServerImplService : System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapHttpClientProtocol { /// <remarks/> public BookServerImplService() { this.Url = "http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws"; } /// <remarks/> [System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapRpcMethodAttribute("", RequestNamespace="http://DefaultNamespace", ResponseNamespace="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws")] [return: System.Xml.Serialization.SoapElementAttribute("searchAllReturn")] public string searchAll(string author, string title, string publisher, string year, string subject, string keyword) { object[] results = this.Invoke("searchAll", new object[] { author, title, publisher, year,

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subject, keyword}); return ((string)(results[0])); } /// <remarks/> public System.IAsyncResult BeginsearchAll(string author, string title, string publisher, string year, string subject, string keyword, System.AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState) { return this.BeginInvoke("searchAll", new object[] { author, title, publisher, year, subject, keyword}, callback, asyncState); } /// <remarks/> public string EndsearchAll(System.IAsyncResult asyncResult) { object[] results = this.EndInvoke(asyncResult); return ((string)(results[0])); } /// <remarks/> [System.Web.Services.Protocols.SoapRpcMethodAttribute("", RequestNamespace="http://DefaultNamespace", ResponseNamespace="http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws")] [return: System.Xml.Serialization.SoapElementAttribute("searchIsbnReturn")] public string searchIsbn(string isbn) { object[] results = this.Invoke("searchIsbn", new object[] { isbn}); return ((string)(results[0])); } /// <remarks/> public System.IAsyncResult BeginsearchIsbn(string isbn, System.AsyncCallback callback, object asyncState) { return this.BeginInvoke("searchIsbn", new object[] { isbn}, callback, asyncState); } /// <remarks/> public string EndsearchIsbn(System.IAsyncResult asyncResult) { object[] results = this.EndInvoke(asyncResult); return ((string)(results[0])); } } }

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APPENDIX 15

AssemblyInfo.cs

using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; // // General Information about an assembly is controlled through the following // set of attributes. Change these attribute values to modify the information // associated with an assembly. // [assembly: AssemblyTitle("")] [assembly: AssemblyDescription("")] [assembly: AssemblyConfiguration("")] [assembly: AssemblyCompany("")] [assembly: AssemblyProduct("")] [assembly: AssemblyCopyright("")] [assembly: AssemblyTrademark("")] [assembly: AssemblyCulture("")] // // Version information for an assembly consists of the following four values: // // Major Version // Minor Version // Build Number // Revision // // You can specify all the values or you can default the Revision and Build // // Numbers by using the '*' as shown below: [assembly: AssemblyVersion("1.0.*")] // In order to sign your assembly you must specify a key to use. Refer to the // Microsoft .NET Framework documentation for more information on assembly signing. // Use the attributes below to control which key is used for signing. // // Notes: // (*) If no key is specified, the assembly is not signed. // (*) KeyName refers to a key that has been installed in the Crypto Service // Provider (CSP) on your machine. KeyFile refers to a file which // contains a key. // (*) If the KeyFile and the KeyName values are both specified, the // following processing occurs: // (1) If the KeyName can be found in the CSP, that key is used. // (2) If the KeyName does not exist and the KeyFile does exist, the key // in the KeyFile is installed into the CSP and used. // (*) In order to create a KeyFile, you can use the sn.exe (Strong Name) utility. // When specifying the KeyFile, the location of the KeyFile should be // relative to the project output directory which is // %Project Directory%\obj\<configuration>. For example, if your KeyFile // is located in the project directory, you would specify the // AssemblyKeyFile attribute as [assembly: AssemblyKeyFile("..\\..\\mykey.snk")] // (*) Delay Signing is an advanced option - see the Microsoft .NET Framework // documentation for more information on this. [assembly: AssemblyDelaySign(false)] [assembly: AssemblyKeyFile("")] [assembly: AssemblyKeyName("")]

133

APPENDIX 16

PublishCWS.java

import org.uddi4j.client.*; import org.uddi4j.datatype.*; import org.uddi4j.datatype.business.*; import org.uddi4j.datatype.tmodel.*; import org.uddi4j.response.*; import org.uddi4j.util.*; import java.util.*; public class PublishCWS { // Location of UDDI registry String publishURL = "https://uddi.ibm.com/testregistry/publishapi"; //Create the businessEntity and then process the save_business operation. protected void saveBusiness(String userid, String password) throws Exception { UDDIProxy uddiProxy = null; // Add SSL support (this is IBM's SSL support but it can be replaced // with other implementations) //System.setProperty("java.protocol.handler.pkgs", // "com.ibm.net.ssl.internal.www.protocol"); //java.security.Security.addProvider(new com.ibm.jsse.JSSEProvider()); // Create UDDI proxy uddiProxy = new UDDIProxy(); uddiProxy.setPublishURL(publishURL); // Create businessEntity BusinessEntity businessEntity = new BusinessEntity(); businessEntity.setBusinessKey(""); // Set name and description businessEntity.setDefaultNameString("CWS", "en"); Vector description = new Vector(); description.add(new Description("UDDI businessEntity for CWS.", "en")); businessEntity.setDescriptionVector(description); // Create first contact Contact ceo = new Contact("Michael Ryan"); ceo.setUseType("Technical Information"); ceo.setDefaultDescriptionString("CEO for technical information"); Vector phoneList = new Vector(); Phone mainPhone = new Phone("1.914.422.4191"); mainPhone.setUseType("Main Office"); phoneList.add(mainPhone); ceo.setPhoneVector(phoneList); Vector emailList = new Vector(); Email email = new Email("mr13204w@pace.edu"); email.setUseType("CEO"); emailList.add(email); ceo.setEmailVector(emailList); // Set contacts Contacts contacts = new Contacts(); contacts.add(ceo);

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businessEntity.setContacts(contacts); // Obtain authToken using get_authToken UDDI API AuthToken authToken = uddiProxy.get_authToken(userid, password); // Save businessEntity Vector businessEntityList = new Vector(); businessEntityList.add(businessEntity); BusinessDetail businessDetail = uddiProxy.save_business(authToken.getAuthInfoString(), businessEntityList); // Get businessKey for published businessEntity String businessKey = ((BusinessEntity) businessDetail.getBusinessEntityVector().elementAt(0)).getBusinessKey(); // Display businessKey System.out.println("Published businessEntity key: " + businessKey + "."); } public static void main(String[] args) { try { PublishCWS publishCWS = new PublishCWS(); publishCWS.saveBusiness("mr13204w@pace.edu", "cwspacepass"); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("EXCEPTION: " + e.toString()); } System.exit(0); } }

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APPENDIX 17

FindCWS.java

/* * The source code contained herein is licensed under the IBM Public License * Version 1.0, which has been approved by the Open Source Initiative. * Copyright (C) 2001, International Business Machines Corporation * Copyright (C) 2001, Hewlett-Packard Company * All Rights Reserved. * */ import java.util.Properties; import java.util.Vector; import org.uddi4j.UDDIException; import org.uddi4j.client.UDDIProxy; import org.uddi4j.datatype.Name; import org.uddi4j.response.BusinessInfo; import org.uddi4j.response.BusinessList; import org.uddi4j.response.DispositionReport; import org.uddi4j.response.Result; import org.uddi4j.util.FindQualifier; import org.uddi4j.util.FindQualifiers; /** * Sample code that exercises the Enquiry API. Attempts * to find a business by name. * * <OL> * <LI>Sets up a UDDIProxy object * <LI>Finds businesses by name. * </OL> * * @author David Melgar (dmelgar@us.ibm.com) * @author Rajesh Sumra (rajesh_sumra@hp.com) */ public class FindCWS { Properties config = null; public static void main (String args[]) { FindCWS app = new FindCWS(); System.out.println("\n*********** Running FindCWS ***********"); app.run(); System.exit(0); } public void run() { // Load samples configuration config = Configurator.load(); // Construct a UDDIProxy object. UDDIProxy proxy = new UDDIProxy(); try

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{ // Select the desired UDDI server node proxy.setInquiryURL(config.getProperty("inquiryURL")); proxy.setPublishURL(config.getProperty("publishURL")); //creating vector of Name Object Vector names = new Vector(); names.add(new Name("CWS")); // Setting FindQualifiers to 'caseSensitiveMatch' FindQualifiers findQualifiers = new FindQualifiers(); Vector qualifier = new Vector(); qualifier.add(new FindQualifier("caseSensitiveMatch")); findQualifiers.setFindQualifierVector(qualifier); // Find businesses by name // And setting the maximum rows to be returned as 5. BusinessList businessList = proxy.find_business(names, null, null, null,null,findQualifiers,10); Vector businessInfoVector = businessList.getBusinessInfos().getBusinessInfoVector(); for( int i = 0; i < businessInfoVector.size(); i++ ) { BusinessInfo businessInfo = (BusinessInfo)businessInfoVector.elementAt(i); // Print name for each business System.out.println(businessInfo.getDefaultNameString()); } } // Handle possible errors catch( UDDIException e ) { DispositionReport dr = e.getDispositionReport(); if( dr!=null ) { System.out.println("UDDIException faultCode:" + e.getFaultCode() + "\n operator:" + dr.getOperator() + "\n generic:" + dr.getGeneric() ); Vector results = dr.getResultVector(); for( int i=0; i<results.size(); i++ ) { Result r = (Result)results.elementAt(i); System.out.println("\n errno:" + r.getErrno() ); if( r.getErrInfo()!=null ) { System.out.println("\n errCode:" + r.getErrInfo().getErrCode() + "\n errInfoText:" + r.getErrInfo().getText()); } } } e.printStackTrace(); } // Catch any other exception that may occur catch( Exception e ) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }

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APPENDIX 18

Configurator.java

/* * The source code contained herein is licensed under the IBM Public License * Version 1.0, which has been approved by the Open Source Initiative. * Copyright (C) 2001, International Business Machines Corporation * Copyright (C) 2001, Hewlett-Packard Company * All Rights Reserved. * */ import java.util.Properties; import org.uddi4j.transport.TransportFactory; /** * Configures the environment for UDDI4J * <OL> * <LI>Reads samples property file. * <LI>Sets SOAP transport according to property file. * <LI>Configures SSL/JSSE provider * </OL> * * @author David Melgar (dmelgar@us.ibm.com) */ public class Configurator { /** * Loads configuration file. File may require * modification before running samples. * * @return Loaded properties object */ public static Properties load() { Properties config = new Properties(); try { config.load(new java.io.FileInputStream("C:\\Documents and Settings\\Web\\CWSws\\src\\propCWS.properties")); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error loading samples property file\n" + e); } // Configure UDDI4J system properties. Normally set on commandline or elsewhere // SOAP transport being used if (System.getProperty(TransportFactory.PROPERTY_NAME)==null) { System.setProperty(TransportFactory.PROPERTY_NAME, config.getProperty("TransportClassName")); } // Logging if (System.getProperty("org.uddi4j.logEnabled")==null) { System.setProperty("org.uddi4j.logEnabled", config.getProperty("logEnabled")); } // Configure JSSE support try { System.setProperty("java.protocol.handler.pkgs", config.getProperty("handlerPackageName"));

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// Dynamically loads security provider based on properties. Typically configured in JRE java.security.Security.addProvider((java.security.Provider) Class.forName(config.getProperty("securityClassName")).newInstance()); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error configuring JSSE provider. Make sure JSSE is in classpath.\n" + e); } return config; } }

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APPENDIX 19

PropCWS.properties # Property file used to set parameters for UDDI4J # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # inquiryURL: The URL for the inquiry API of the target UDDI registry # publishURL: URL for the publish API of the target UDDI registry # A list of UDDI URLs is on the UDDI4J website http://www.uddi4j.org/ # # A typical entry would be of the form # inquiryURL=http://company.com/uddi_node # publishURL=https://company.com/uddi_publish_node # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # UDDI site # inquiryURL = http://uddi.ibm.com/beta/inquiryapi # publishURL = https://uddi.ibm.com/beta/publishapi inquiryURL = http://uddi.microsoft.com/inquire publishURL = https://uddi.microsoft.com/publish # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Userid/passwords should not generally be stored in clear text # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- userid = mr13204w@pace.edu password = cwspacepass1 # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Transport classname. Typically defined on commandline as # -Dorg.uddi4j.TransportClassName=xxx. # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # TransportClassName=org.uddi4j.transport.ApacheSOAPTransport TransportClassName=org.uddi4j.transport.ApacheAxisTransport # TransportClassName=org.uddi4j.transport.HPSOAPTransport # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Debug log enabled or not. Typically defined on command line as # -Dorg.uddi4j.logEnabled=true # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- logEnabled=false # logEnabled=true # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Values used to determine the implementation of JSSE to use. Provided # for convenience, this is typically configured within the jdk # in JAVA_HOME\jre\lib\security # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Sun JSSE implementation handlerPackageName=com.sun.net.ssl.internal.www.protocol securityClassName=com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Provider # IBM JSSE implementation # handlerPackageName=com.ibm.net.ssl.internal.www.protocol # securityClassName=com.ibm.jsse.JSSEProvider # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # UDDI names to use. # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- businessName= serviceName= tmodelName= sampleEntityName=

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assertionRelationship=peer-peer # ----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Additional values can be added as needed as a convenient repository # for data relevant to the UDDI4J samples # -----------------------------------------------------------------------

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APPENDIX 20

CWS Build Manual

Tomcat Installation 1) Download the Apache Tomcat Server and Tomcat installation instructions from

http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/index.html. (Certain IDEs, like Netbeans, come with Tomcat Server and the Sun JDK, which facilitate creating a Web Service locally)

SSH Tectia Client Installation

1) Assuming use of an account on matrix.csis.pace.edu, download SSH Tectia Client from http://www.ssh.com/support/downloads/tectia-client. Tectia Client assists with performing operations on the Web Server and secure file transfers from a local computer to the Web Server

Axis Installation

1) Download Axis 1.1 from http://ws.apache.org/axis/releases.html 2) Complete instructions are located at http://ws.apache.org/axis/java/install.html 3) After expanding the Axis 1.1 file, copy the webapps/axis folder to Tomcat�s

webapp directory using SSH File Transfer 4) Using SSH File Transfer, copy jaxrpc.jar and saaj.jar from

$CATALINA_HOME/webapps/axis/WEB-INF to $CATALINA_HOME/common/lib folder

5) Restart Tomcat 6) To verify correct installation, visit http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:port#/axis (port# is

an assigned Tomcat port number from a system administrator) 7) Select Validate. Correct any errors before continuing by referencing Axis� guide 8) Using SSH Terminal Window, add Axis� jar files from the Tomcat root directory

to the Java CLASSPATH as follows: export AXIS_HOME=$CATALINA_HOME/webapps export AXIS_LIB=$AXIS_HOME/axis/WEB-INF/lib export AXISCLASSPATH=$AXIS_LIB/axis.jar:$AXIS_LIB/commons-discovery.jar:

$AXIS_LIB/commons-logging.jar:$AXIS_LIB/jaxrpc.jar: $AXIS_LIB/saaj.jar:$AXIS_LIB/log4j-1.2.8.jar: $AXIS_LIB/wsdl4j.jar:$AXIS_LIB/axis-ant.jar

export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$AXISCLASSPATH 9) If XML parsing capabilities are required, ensure XERCES libraries are in the

CLASSPATH

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CWS Web User Interface (CWSUI) Build

1) Using SSH File Transfer, place all .gif, .jpg, .html, and .jsp files in the $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/pace directory. For CWS, all required .gif files and the following .jsp files are to be uploaded: aboutus.jsp error.jsp index.jsp

results.jsp search.jsp

2) Using SSH File Transfer, upload Controller.java to the $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/pace/WEB-INF/classes directory and BookBean.java to the $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/pace/WEB-INF/classes/CWS directory

3) Using SSH Terminal, navigate to the corresponding directories and compile the two java files as follows:

javac Controller.java javac BookBean.java 4) Using SSH Terminal, navigate to $CATALINA_HOME/bin directory and stop

and start the Tomcat Server with the following commands: ./shutdown.sh ./startup.sh.

CWS Composite Web Service (CWSWS) Build

1) Rename BookServerImpl.java to BookServerImpl.jws and using SSH File

Transfer, place the .jws file into the $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/axis folder.

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APPENDIX 21

CWS User Guide

CWS Web User Interface (CWSUI)

CWS is accessible via a browser at http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/pace/index.jsp. Book searches can be performed using author(s) name, title, publisher, year of publication, subject, keyword and ISBN. A user can provide any combination of criteria. As more search parameters are entered by a user, the more refined the search becomes. CWS searches are not case sensitive, so criteria can be entered in all lowercase or uppercase characters. The use of quotation marks, commas, etc., (unless its consistent with a specific search criteria) is discouraged and results in unsuccessful searches. Follow the search syntax below:

Author edgar allan poe Title war and peace Publisher prentice hall Publish Year 2002 Subject computer science Keyword baseball ISBN 0672326418

Once search criteria is entered, a user selects the �CWS Search� button to initiate a search. A user can opt to select the �Clear� button to erase all search criteria and begin a new search. For Non-ISBN searches, search results are displayed with 20 books per page. Click on �Next 20 Results� to view subsequent pages or utilize the �Back� button on the browser to view previous pages. A user can make a book selection by clicking with their mouse on a specific radio button and selecting the �Shop Prices� button. This launches the CWS price-search tool (Searches with an ISBN parameter launch the price-search tool directly). Book prices are displayed and sorted in ascending order. Select the corresponding vendor book image to navigate to the vendor�s web site to make a purchase. A new search can be initiated at any time by clicking on the �Click Here For New Search� link. In the event of an error, an error message is displayed and the �Click here to search again� link is provided to begin a new search.

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CWS Composite Web Service (CWSWS) CWS can be discovered programmatically or via a Web browser using IBM�s and Microsoft�s UDDI. To search CWS via a browser use the following link(s): http://uddi.microsoft.com/search/ select Business, starting with �CW� to search http://uddi.microsoft.com/search/ select Services tab to perform �CWS� search To search CWS via an application, use the following link(s): http://www-.ibm.com/services/uddi/inquiryapi http://uddi.microsoft.com/inquire Both provide the access point to the CWS wsdl file: http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws?wsdl CWS exposes two methods: searchIsbn() for client requests that specify an ISBN parameter searchAll() for all other request types Both methods return book results as XML. The following sample, browser-based request demonstrates the XML that is returned from invoking CWS� searchIsbn method: Request

http://matrix.csis.pace.edu:23451/axis/BookServerImpl.jws?method=searchIsbn&isbn=0672326418 XML Response . . .

<?xml version="1.0"?> <Results> <Book>

<Title>Building Web Services with Java : Making Sense of XML, SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI (2nd Edition) (Developer's Library)</Title> <Authors>Steve Graham,Doug Davis,Simeon Simeonov,Glen Daniels,Peter Brittenham,Yuichi Nakamura,Paul Fremantle,Dieter Koenig,Claudia Zentner</Authors> <Publisher>Sams</Publisher> <ISBN>0672326418</ISBN> <RetailPrice>49.99</RetailPrice>

</Book> <Vendor>Amazon</Vendor>

<Price>34.97</Price>

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<Link>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0672326418</Link>

<Vendor>Amazon-Used</Vendor> <Price>25.11</Price> <Link>http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0672326418</Link>

<Vendor>Barnes and Noble</Vendor> <Price>49.99</Price> <Link>http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?endeca=1&amp;isbn=0672326418</Link>

.

.

. </Results>

CWS Maintenance Manual

CWS� MVC architecture consists of a Controller class, BookBean class, and three presentation classes: index.jsp, results.jsp, search.jsp, and error.jsp. The Controller is the workhorse of the group containing all the key vendor methods and supporting methods. A majority of the vendor data is accessed via html scraping, and therefore such methods require continuous housekeeping. In the event that a vendor alters their web page, the corresponding method must be adjusted with changes entailing resetting stable identifiers which target specific book prices or altering access URLs. Additional vendors and business partners may be added to the Controller class. After such changes, the Tomcat server must be stopped and started again for changes to take effect. Using SSH Terminal, navigate to $CATALINA_HOME/bin directory and stop and start the Tomcat Server with the following commands:

./shutdown.sh

./startup.sh.

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