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![Page 1: Enterprise Architecture & IT Infrastructure: An Evolving Art and Science to Bridge Business and IT Vision and Reality Minder Chen, Ph.D. CSU Channel Islands.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022081514/56649c905503460f94949ba8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Enterprise Architecture & IT Infrastructure:
An Evolving Art and Science to Bridge
Business and ITVision and Reality
Minder Chen, Ph.D.CSU Channel Islands
Martin V. Smith School of Business and [email protected]
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EA and IT Infrastructure - 2 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Big Picture
Business Strategy
Business Processes
IT Strategy
Business Capabilities
IT Solutions
Approach:
Cost/Value Analysis
Focus: Governance Portfolio Architecture Sourcing
Need: Resilience, Flexibility, Opportunism
Drivers: People, Process, Information, Relationships
Focus: “Processized” Analysis – Vocabulary Metrics
Context
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EA and IT Infrastructure - 3 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
BSP: Business Systems Planning
Requirements Acquisition Stewardship Disposition
Resource Lifecycle
Planning Control
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Resource Life Cycle
Planning AcquisitionStewardship
(Control, Usage)Disposal
Summary Data
Planning data
Transaction data
Transaction data
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EA and IT Infrastructure - 5 © Minder Chen, 1995-2011
Four-Stage Life Cycle of Functions to Support Products and Services of an Organization
4-Stage LC Planning AcquisitionStewardship Disposal
Data generated
Planning data (Create)
Transaction data (Create)
Transaction data (R, U)
Transaction data (Delete)
MaterialMaterial
req. planning Procurement Warehousing & inventory control Selling
EducationCurriculum
planningCourse
sched. & enroll. Performance & grad. checking
Student graduation
People Human res. planning Recruiting Training
Promotion Eval. Retirement Termination
Equipment Capacity planning
Equipment
purchaseMaintenance
and repairEquipment
disposal
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Zackman Framework
Source: http://www.zifa.com/framework.pdf
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Methodology Lifecycle
Source: IBM Component Business Model
Via Heap Map
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Component Business Model
Dynamic capability Dynamic capability is defined as “the firm’s ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competences to address rapidly changing environments”. The basic assumption of the dynamic capabilities framework is that today’s fast changing markets force firms to respond quickly and to be innovative.
Agile, sense and respond, reconfiguration, modularization
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The 5 Dimensions of a Business Component
• IBM Component Business Model
Resource-Based ViewDaft (1983) says: "...firm resources include all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, etc; controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive of and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness.“
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Heat Map
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IT Infrastructure
• “The hardware, software, and telecommunication/ networking systems or equipment together provide the underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals.”
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IT Infrastructure
• Cost allocation
Source: CISR Working Paper #329
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Stages in IT Infrastructure Evolution
Mainframe/Mini Computers
Personal Computer
Client/Sever Computing
Internet computing/Web-based enterprise applications
Cloud Computing / Mobile computing
60~70s
80s
90s
Late 90s~
Mid 2000s~
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Web-based IT Infrastructure
HTTP
TCP/IP
WWW
Internet
Run dynamicbusiness logic components
Software Applications
DBMSBrowsers
UserInterface
DataProcess
App.
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Mobile Device
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Mobile Computing
Source: 2011/9/28
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Technology drivers of infrastructure evolution
• Moore’s law and micro-processing power Computing power doubles every 18 months/2 years Nanotechnology: May shrink size of transistors to width
of several atoms Contrary factors: Heat dissipation needs, power
consumption concerns
• Law of Mass Digital Storage The amount of data being stored each year doubles
• Metcalfe’s Law and network economics Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a
function of the number of network members As network members increase, more people want to use it
(demand for network access increases)
http://www.emc.com/collateral/demos/microsites/idc-digital-universe/iview.htm
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Advancing Rates of Technology (Silicon, Storage, Telecom)
Smaller & faster & cheaper
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Data Volume 210 =1028
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Th
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tern
et o
f T
hin
gs
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CPM: cost per thousand page impressions.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_per_impression
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Platform Continuum
• Bring your own machines, connectivity, software, etc.
• Complete control• Complete
responsibility• Static capabilities• Upfront capital costs
for the infrastructure
• Renting machines, connectivity, software
• Less control• Fewer
responsibilities• Lower capital costs • More flexible• Pay for fixed
capacity, even if idle
• Shared, multi-tenant infrastructure
• Virtualized & dynamic• Scalable & available• Abstracted from the
infrastructure• Higher-level services• Pay as you go
On-PremisesServers
Hosted
Servers
Cloud Platform
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http://aws.amazon.com/
http://www.salesforce.com/
PaaS
Software as a service (SaaS)
Google AppEngine
Amazon's EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)
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Definition of Cloud Computing
• The NIST definition of cloud computing:
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
• The ability for end users to utilize parts of bulk resources and that these resources.
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Characteristics of Cloud Services
NIST identifies several characteristics for a service to be considered “Cloud”:
• On-demand self-service: The ability for an end user to sign up and receive services without the long delays that have characterized traditional IT.
• Broad network access: Ability to access the service via standard platforms (desktop, laptop, mobile etc).
• Resource pooling: Resources are pooled across multiple customers.
• Rapid elasticity: Capability can scale to cope with demand peaks.
• Measured Service: Billing is metered and delivered as a utility service can be acquired quickly and easily.
http://resources.idgenterprise.com/original/AST-0032300_Understanding_the_Cloud_Computing_Stack.pdf
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Characteristics of Architecture Stages