Present Simple Tense Present Continous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continous Tense Past Simple Tense Past Continous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continous Tense Future Simple Tense Future Continous Tense Future Perfect Tense Future Perfect Continous Tense Past Future Simple Tense Past Future Continous Tense Past Future Perfect Tense

Present Simple Tense is used to :a. Express the activities that always repeated/habitual action.

Example : -I always get up at 5 o’ clock every morning. -We go to school on foot everyday. -They study for two hours every night.b.Express an action which tell us a general truth.Example : -The sun rises in the east. -The earth goes around the sun. -The world is round.c. An events that are scheduled at times that will come.Example :-The festival starts at seven o’ clock next Sunday.

-What time do you go to Japan?

• First Formula : a.Positive (+): Subject + Base verb (s/es) + Object/Complement b.Negative (-) : Subject + Do/Does + Not + Base verb + Object/Complement c.Interrogative (?) : Do/Does + Subject + Base verb + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) He speaks English every day. (-) He does not speak English every day. (?) Does he speak English every day?

• Second Formula : a.Positive (+) : Subject + Is/Am/Are + Object/Complement b.Negative (-) : Subject + Is/Am/Are + Not + Object/Complement c.Interrogative (?) : Is/Am/Are + Subject + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) You are a high school student. (-) You are not a high school student. (?) Are you a high school student?

NOTE! Subject Plural : (I,You,They,We) We used base verb without adding s/es. Subject Singular : (He,She,It) We used base verb with adding s/es. He = Boy, She = Girl, It =Things and animals.

FORMULA AND NOTE

Present Continous Tense is used to :a.Express the events that was taking place at this time.Example : -They are playing chess now. -She is reading a novel at the moment.b. Talk activities or used to express something definitely and clearly be done in the

future time.Example : -I am going to enter college next year. -We are waiting for you tomorrow.c. Declare events that are being developed at the time and the event is unlimited.Example : -The prices are going up. -The weather is getting warmer.

• Formula: a.Positive (+) : Subject + Is/Am/Are + Present participle + Object/Complement b.Negative (-) : Subject + Is/Am/Are + Present participle + Object/Complement c.Interrogative (?) : Is/Am/Are + Subject + Present participle + Object/Complement *Example : (+) I am speaking Mandarin. (-) I am not speaking Mandarin. (?) Am i speaking Mandarin? NOTE! Present participle is : Base verb + ingExample : Jump – Jumping Play – Playing Talk –Talking For I used am For He,She,It used is For You,We,They used areExample : I am a girl. He is naughty. We are twins.

FORMULA AND NOTE

Present perfect Tense is used to :a.Declare an activities that have been completed within the time is not specified in the

past and it is still felt to this day.Example : -I have finished my work and now i am very tired. -She has lost her book and she hasn’t bought it yet.b. Declare the activity or event that started in the past and still continues to this day by

using the information of the time that tell the activity begin.Example : -They have lived in Padang since 1998. -He has been in the bus station for half an hour.c. Declare the activity or event that started in the past time and ended speaking now

by using time information.Example : -We have already finished the painting. -You have just completed the assignment.

FORMULA AND NOTE

• First Formulaa.Positive (+) : Subject + Have/Has + Past participle + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Have/Has + Not + Past pariciple + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Have/Has + Subject + Past participle + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) She has written a novel. (-) She has not written a novel. (?) Has she witten a novel?

• Second Formula a.Positive (+) : Subject + Have/Has + Been + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Have/Has + Subject + Been + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) You have been in college since last year. (-) You have not been in college since last year. (?) Have you been in college since last year?• NOTE! Subject Plural : (I,You,We,They) used Have Subject Singular : (He,She,It) used Has

Present Perfect Continous Tense is used to:a. Declare the activity that started in the past and still continues to this day by

using time information.Example : -We have been studying English since last semester up to now. -She has been writting letter for an hour.b. Declare an event which has been going on by using time information.Example : -They have been living in Denpasar since 1999. -Allan has been washing the car for quarter an hour. -How long have we been practicing the dialogue?

FORMULA AND NOTE

• Formula a.Positive (+) : Subject + Have/Has + been + Present participle + Object/ Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Have/Has + Not + Been + Present participle + Object /Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Have/Has + Subject + Been + Present participle + Object/ Complement*Example : (+) She has been playing chess for half an hour. (-) She has not been playing chess for half an hour. (?) Has she been playing chess for half an hour?

NOTE!Subject Plural : (I,You,We,They) used HaveSubject Singular : (He,She,It) used Has

Past Simple Tense is used to :a. Express the activities or events that occurred during the

past time by using the time information.Example : -We played basketball last week. -She wrote a letter an hour ago.b. Express the activity that occurred during past time without

a clear description of time.Example : -We did not play chess. -She wrote a novel.

FORMULA AND NOTE

• First Formulaa.Positive (+) : Subject + Past verb + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Did+ Not + Base verb + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Did + Subject + Base verb + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) I bought a bike yesterday. (-) I did not buy a bike yesterday. (?) Did i buy a bike yesterday?

• Second Formula a.Positive (+) : Subject + Was/Were + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Was/Were + Not + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Was/Were + Subject + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) We were high school students last year. (-) We were not high school students last year. (?) Were we high school students last year?NOTE! I can be used Was or Were He,She itu used Was You,We,They used Were

Past Continous Tense is used to :a. Declare the ongoing activity when another activity occurs in time past by

using time information.Example : -We were playing football when we saw our new English teacher last week -She felt asleep while she was doing her homework last night.b. Declare the ongoing activity in the past by using information that is not a

time specific.Example : -We were painting the fence at this time last week. -He was washing his car at the moment.

FORMULA AND NOTE

• Formula a.Positive (+) : Subject + Was/Were + Present participle + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Was/Were + Not + Present participle + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Was/Were + Subject + Present participle + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) He was reading a magazine. (-) He was not reading a magazine. (?) Was he reading a magazine?

NOTE!Subject Plural : (I,You,We,They) used WereSubject Singular : (He,She,It) used Was

Past Perfect Tense is used to :a. Declare activities that have been completed

before another activity that takes place in the past by using time information.

Example : -We had gone to the cinema when Danish won the game. -Syifa had finished her exam at the time I left the classroom.

FORMULA

• First Formula a.Positive (+) : Subject + Had + Past pasrticiple + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Had + Not + Past participle + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Had + Subject + Past participle + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) They had graduated from high school when their friend got married. (-) They had not graduated from high school when their friend got married. (?) Had they graduated from high school when their friend got married?

• Second Formulaa.Positive (+) : Subject + Had + Been + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Had + Not + Been + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Had + Subject + Been + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) It had been in the pond when i found it. (-) It had not been in the pond when i found it. (?) Had it been in the pond when i found it?

Past Perfect Continous Tense is used to :a. State how long an activity that has been

going on before the other activities going on in the past by using time information.

Example : -We had been processing the faximile when the telephone rang. -I had been Completing my application by the time i saw my uncle.

FORMULA

• Formulaa.Positive (+) = Subject + Had + Been + Present participle + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) = Subject + Had + Not + Been + Present participle + Objejct/Complementc.Interrogative (?) = Had + Subject + Been + Present participle + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) I had been living in Medan for three month. (-) I had not been living in Medan for three month. (?) Had i been living in Medan for three month?

Future Simple Tense is used to :a. Declare activities planned or intended to be done in the future by using time information.Example : -My pen is broken. I will buy another pen this afternoon. -They will be on holiday next week.b. Express the expectation that something will happen on the activity of the future.Example : -He will understand her reason for leaving him next Sunday. -She will not be at Prof.March office today.c. Make a polite request for a sentence or a willingness to ask someone to do something.Example : -Will you put me the book,Please? -Will you buy me a kilogram of sugar,Please? I’m very buy it by myself.d. Make a conditional sentenceExample : -I will visit her if her parents allow me. -You will pass the exam if you study hard.

FORMULA

• First Formulaa.Positive (+) : Subject + Shall/Will + Base verb + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Base verb + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Shall/Will + Subject + Base verb + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) He will clean his bedroom. (-) He will not clean his bedroom. (?) Will he clean his bedroom?

• Second Formulaa.Positive (+) : Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Be + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Shall/Will + Subject + Be + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) They will be in the office this morning. (-) They will not be in the office this morning. (?) Will they be in the office this morning?

Future Continous Tense is used to :a. Declare the ongoing activity in a certain time in the future by

using time information.Example : -My father will be coming by this time next Thursday. -She will be getting married a week from today.b. Declare activities that have been planned to be done in the

future.Example : -Yasmin will be buying a bunch of longans. We can

ask her to buy a kilogram of orange.

• Formula a.Positive (+): Subject + Shall/Will + Be + Present participle + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Be + Present participle + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Shall/Will + Subject + Be + Present participle + Object/Complement *Example : (+) They will be cleaning the bedroom at six o’ clock this afternoon.

(-) They will not be cleaning the bedroom at six o’ clock this afternoon.

(?) Will they be cleaning the bedroom at six o’ clock this afternoon?

FORMULA

Future perfect tense is used to:a. Declare a planned activities to be completed before a certain

time in the future by using time information.Example : -Maulidya will have copied all the documents by Monday -By the time we get the station, the train will have left.

• First Formula a.Postive (+) : Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Past participle + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Have + Past participle + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Will/Shall + Subject + Have + Past participle + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) He will have studied English for three years by the end of this semester. (-) He will not have studied English for three years by the end of this semester. (?) Will he have studied English for three years by the end of this semester?

• Second Formulaa.Postive (+) : Subject + Shall/Will + Have + Been + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + Not + Have + Been + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Will/Shall + Subject + Have + Been + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) He will have been in the cinema for two hours by then. (-) He will not have been in the cinema for two hours by then. (?) Will he have been in the cinema for two hours by then?

FORMULA

Future perfect continous tense is used to :a. Declare activities that has been going on for some

time in the future and still in progress when another activity occurs by using time information.

Example : -He will have been working in the drug store for ten years by this time next Tuesday. -By the end of the month, we will have been living here for two years.

• Formula :a.Positive (+) : Subject +Shall/Will + Have + Been + Present participle + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Shall/Will + not + Have + Been + Present participle + Object/Complementc. Interrogative (?) : Shall/Will + Subject + Have + Been +Present participle + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) I shall have been riding this car for six years by the end of this

month. (-) I shall not have been riding this car for years by the end of this month. (?) Shall I have been riding this car for six years by the end of this month?

Past future simple tense is used to:a.Declare the activities to be carried out in the past but it does not happen, by

using time information.Example : -I shoukd help her if she ask me last semester. -They would come to the party if they have time last weekend. -He would be in the post office at eleven o’clock yesterday.b. Declare a bid that is more polite.Example : -Would you like to borrow me a raincoat? -Should I write the paper by myself?c. Likely presupposes something difficult done as opposed to reality now.Example : -They would pass the interview if they tried harder than before. (The real is that they don’t pass the interview)

• First Formula a.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Base verb + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Base verb + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Would/Should + Subject + Base verb + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) I should go to Medan yesterday. (-) I should not go to Medan yesterday. (?) Should i go to Medan yesterday?

• Second Formulaa.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Be + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Be + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Would/Should + Subject + Be + Object/complement

*Example : (+) He would be here last Wednesday. (-) He would not be here last Wednesday. (?) Would he be here last Wednesday

Past future continous tense is used to :a. Declare the ongoing activity at certain times

in the past by using time information.Example : -Mr.Freddy would be speaking at the confrence last Friday. -She would be walking from her office at one o’ clock yesterday.

• Formula :a.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Be + Present participle + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Not + Be + Present participle + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Would/Should + Subject + Be + Present participle + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) You should be finding the lost document before eleven o’ clock yesterday. (-) You should not be finding the lost document before eleven o’

clock yesterday. (?) Should You be finding the lost document before eleven o’ clock yesterday?

FORMULA

Past Future Perfect Tense is used to :a.Declare the activity or event that should have been completed in the

past.Example : -He would have done his homework before he went to school yesterday. -Lidya would have written the whole paper last Tuesday.b. Express a supposition which is impossible because the conditions are

not met.Example : -He would have done his homework before he went to school. -If you had gone to Yogyakarta last week, you would have met our president.

• First Formula a.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Have + Past participle + Object/ Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Not + Have + Past particple + Object/Complementc.Interrogative (?) : Would/Should + Subject + Have + Past participle + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) He would have gone before Mr.Budy arrived. (-) He would not have gone before Mr.Budy arrived. (?) Would he have gone before Mr.Budy arrived?

• Second Formula :a.Positive (+) : Subject + Would/Should + Have + Been + Object/Complementb.Negative (-) : Subject + Would/Should + Not + Have + Been + Object/ Complementc.Interrogative (?): Would/Should + Subject + Have + Been + Object/Complement

*Example : (+) It would have been in the cage last night. (-) It would not have been in the cage last night. (?) Would It have been in the cage last night?

Past Future Perfect Continous Tense is used to :a. Declare activities or events that are supposed to last

for a certain period in the past by using time information.

Definite Time : Last week, yesterday, last month,etc.Example : -My mother would have been cooking for an hour yesterday. -She would have been searching for her cat three days.

• Formula : a.Positive (+) : Subject + Should/Would + Have + Been + Present participle + Object/Complement b.Negative (-) : Subject + Should/Would + Not + Have + Been + Present participle + Object/Complement c.Interrogative (?) : Should/Would + Subject + Have + Been + Present participle + Object/Complement

*Example: (+) You would have been completing the work by ten o’ clock last night. (-) You would not have been completing the work by ten o’ clock last night. (?) Would you have been completing the work by ten o’ clock last night.

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