English Phonetics Review Part 1

7/31/2019 English Phonetics Review Part 1

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Prof Ms. Pedro Lazaro dos Santos


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Phonetics is a branch of linguistics thatcomprises the study of the sounds of humanspeech, orin the case of sign languagesthe equivalent aspects of sign.

To describe speech sounds, it is necessary toknow what an individual sound is, and how

each sound differs from all others.


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When we speak, the sounds seem to runtogether and it isnt at all obvious where onesound ends and the next begins.

However, when we know the language wehear the individual sounds in our minds earand are able to make sense of them.

When we learn a language, knowing the

sounds help us improve our speech andpronunciation in that language.


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In English we do NOT normally pausebetween the words and the sounds cometogether.

grade A gray day

I scream ice cream

Uranus your anus

get up late get a plate


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The Roman alphabet is not enough. International Phonetic Association in 1888

created the International Phonetic Alphabet IPA.

They created symbols to represent thefundamental sounds of all languages.

Using the phonetic alphabet we can

unambiguously represent the pronunciationof words.


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though [o]

thought [t]

rough [rf]bough [ba]

through [ru]

would [wd]


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the study of theproduction of speech sounds by thearticulatory and vocal tract by the speaker

the study of the physicaltransmission of speech sounds from thespeaker to the listener

the study of the receptionand perception of speech sounds by thelistener


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We classify consonants according to wherein the vocal tract the airflow restrictionoccurs, called the place of articulation.

Movement of the tongue and lips createsthe constriction, reshaping the oral cavityin various ways to produce the varioussounds


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Places of articulation:1. bilabial;2. labiodental;3. interdental;4. alveolar;5. (alveo)palatal;6. velar;7. uvular;

8. glottal.


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Bilabial p b m

Labiodental f v

Interdental Alveolar t d n s z l r

Palatal t d

Velar k g

Glottal h


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Speech sounds also vary in the way the

airstream is affected as it flows from thelungs up and out of the mouth and nose. Itmay be blocked or partially blocked; the vocalcords may vibrate or not vibrate.


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: when the vocal cords are apart sothat air flows freely through the glottis into

the oral cavity. : the vocal cords are together, the

airstream forces its way through and causesthem to vibrate.

Sounds produced with the velum up,blocking the air from escaping through thenose, the air can escape only through the oralcavity.

When the velum is not in its raisedposition, air escapes through both the noseand the mouth.


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b d g m n

p t k *

*Nasal consonants in English are usuallyvoiced. Both voiced and voiceless nasalsounds occur in other languages.


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consonants in which the airstream is completelyblocked in the oral cavity for a short period

In the production of some continuants, theairflow is so severely obstructed that it causes friction

a stop closure followed immediately by agradual release of the closure that produces an effectcharacteristic of a fricative.

In the production of the sounds there is someobstruction of the airstream in the mouth, but not

enough to cause any real constriction or friction. The sounds are produced with little

obstruction of the airstream. the articulators approximate a

frictional closeness, but no actual friction occurs.

a flick of the tongue against thealveolar ridge. are made by moving air in the mouth between

various articulators.


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FROMKIN, Victoria; RODMAN, Robert ; HYAMS,Nina. . 9thedition. Boston: Wadsworth, 2011.

English Phonetics Review Part 1

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