English-Khmer Forestry Glossary

English-Khmer Forestry Glossary

Word Definition Reference

Achene CaEpøtUc s¶Üt EdlmanRKab;EtmYyKt; . (q.v.) EdlmineRbH b¤EbkecjRKab; .

Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Acid GasIut CasarFatuKImIEdlman pH tUcCa 7 CaBaküpÞúy nwg)as EdlCasmasFatuEdl manGIuy:ug GIuRdUEsn eRcInCagTwk .

Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia - Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Acid Rain CasarFatubMBulGasIut EdlFaøk;mkCaTMrg;xus² CaTMrg; esIm (ePøóg G½BÞ rW RBil) b¤ TMrg;s¶Üt (]sμ ½n b¤FUlItUc²) _____________________________ Source: Dictionary of Forestry (1998) published by the Society of American Foresters, 5400 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814-2198. Not for further reproduction.

Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters.

Acid Soil dIEdlmanRbtikmμ eRkam pH esμ I 7.0 . vamanGIuy:ug GIuRdUEsneRcInCagTwk .


Acuminate ragravRsYc . Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Aerobic 1. karRtUvkarGuksIuEsn : rs;enA b¤ekIteLIgenATIkEnøg EdlmanGuksIuEsn .

2. karpþl;eGayGuksIuEsn: man b¤pþl;nUvGuksIuEsn .

Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Afforestation kardaMduHéRBeQIeLIgvij enAtMbn;EdlBImunminmanéRBeQI rW dIEdlminmanéRBeQIduHlUtlas; .


Agroforestry, Agro-forestry CaeQ μaHénRbB½n§eRbIR)as;dI nigbec©kviTüa EdlRbePTeQI

RtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;karRKb;RKgdI dUcCadMNaMksikm μ stV kñúgTMrg;CakarerobcM .

Source: Terminology for Integrated Resources Planning and Management, Choudhury, K.; Jansen, L. (ed.); 1999; FAO/UNEP.

Agrosilviculture TMrg;énksirukçkmμ EdlrYmman edImeQI nig dMNaMksikmμ . Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters.

Agrosilvopastoralism TMrg;énksirukçkmμ EdlrYmman edImeQI dMNaMksikmμ nigkar ciBa©wmstV . Gtßn½ydUc agrosilvopasture


Alkali kal;süÚmkabUNat rW b:UtasüÚmkabUNat EdlmanCatilVIg Source: Dictionary of Geological Terms; Bates,R;

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éRb EdlmanenAtMbn; arid nig semiarid . Jackson, J. (ed.); 1983; American Geological Institute.

Alkaline (Alkalic) 1. sMedAeTAelIsUluysüúg Edlman pH BI 7 eTA 14 . sarFatuTaMgLay Edlpþl;nUvGIuy:ugGIuRdUEsneRcIn . 2. manKuNPaBCa)as CYnkalmanelIfμsMrab;begáItePøIg .

Source: Environmental Word-List, Erik Skoglund, 1990, Mekong Secretariat. - Source: Dictionary of Geological Terms; Bates,R; Jackson, J. (ed.); 1983; American Geological Institute.

Alkaline soil dIEdlman pH >7.0 pÞúyBIdIGasIut . vamaneRcInGIuy:ug GIuRdUlIs CagGIuuyu:gGIuRdUEsn .


Alley cropping kardaMRbePTdMNaMCaGahar cMNIstV rW dMNaMepSgeTot enAcenøaH RbePTeQI . n½ydUcBakü alley farming, avenue

cropping, hedgerow intercropping .


Alluvial l,b; Pk; : Edlmankkl¥iteRcIn EdlnaMmkedaysarTwkhUr Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Altitude cMgaytamExSRtg; ¬bBaÄr¦rvagcMnuc nigépÞcMnuceKal (datum surface) CaTUeTAKWkMritépÞTwksmuRT . emIl :

elevation. kMritkMBs;tMbn;eFobnwgkMritkMBs;épÞTwksmuRT .

Source: Dictionary of Geological Terms; Bates,R; Jackson, J. (ed.); 1983; American Geological Institute. Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia

Aluminium, aluminum GaluymIjÚm EdlmannimitþsBaØa Al . Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Ammonia 1.]sμ ½nQYl : K μankøin nig gayrlaykñúgTwk . eRbIR)as; kñúg TUTwkkk karplitCI sarFatupÞúH nigpøasÞik . rUbmnþ : NH3 2.sUluysüúgGamUBaJak; eRbI eFIVCafñaMsMGatpÞH nig vaynP½NÐ .


Anaerobic 1. minRtUvkarGuksIuEsn : rs;enAedayminRtUvkarGuksIuEsn CaBiessminRtUvkarGuksIuEsnsMrab;emtab:UlIs

(metabolism) 2. xVHGuksIuEsn : K μanGuksIuEsn .


Annual 1. mYyqñaM : ekIteLIgerogral;mYyqñaM 2. sMrab;ry³eBlmYy Source: Encarta Dictionary

Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006.


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qñaM rW RbcaMqñaM 3. RbePTeQI Edlgab;bnÞab;BIry³eBlmYy rdUv: rukçCati Edlpáa Epø niggab;enAkñúgeBllUtlas;EtmYy rdUv .

©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Annual allowable cut = siT§ikab;RbcMaqñaM Allowable Annual Cut or Annual

Allowable Cut (AAC): brimaNeQIh‘ub EdlGnuBaØateGay kab;CaRbcaMqñaMenAkñúgtMbn;Cak;lak;NamYy . AAC RtUv)an eRbIR)as;sMrab;Cac,ab;kñúgkar RbmUlpléRbeQI edIm,IFana nUvkarpÁt;pÁg;eQIRbkbedaynirnþ_PaB . (cMnaM :BaküTMag BIrenHRtUv)aneRbI) Possibilité annuelle de coupe (PAC)

http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/cfs-scf/science/prodserv/glossary_e.html#04

Annual rainfall brimaNsrubénTwkePøógEdlFøak;enAtMbn;NamYy enAerog ral;qñaM .

Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia.

Arid tMbn; EdlmankMritTwkePøóg ticCag 25.4 centimetres (10

inches) EdlTamTarnUvRbB½n§FarasaRsþ sMrab;kardaMduHdMNaM dUcCa tMbn;ekþA EdlrukçCatminGacpþl;pl)an edayEtkMrit sItuNðPaB .


Axil emIlBakü: Axillary Plants: mMupÁMú EdlekItBITgsøwk nigEmk ekøók .


Axillary zitenACaG½kS bgðajBITMrg; rukçCatizitCaG½kS leaf axil

Alula Axillary lobe (n½ydUc)


Bamboo forest 1.CaTUeTA KWCaRbB½n§eGkULÚsI Edlmanb¤sSI duHlUtlas; eRcInCageK 2. TMrg;éRB Edlmanb¤sSIduHlb; EdlmankMBs; 5 m nigkenSamsøwkenAcenøaH 3. tMbn; Edlman b¤sSIduHCit² KñaeRcInlayCamYyRbePTepSg²eTot

Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters. - Environmental Word-List, Erik Skoglund, 1990, Mekong Secretariat. - Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia.

Bark sMbk ³ CaEpñkxageRkArbs;edIm Edlmansrés cambium Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American






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ekItBIcMEnkekasikarén phellogen . Foresters.

Basic soil 1. dImanCatimanCati)as Edlman pH >7.0

Source: Dictionary of Geological Terms; Bates,R; Jackson, J. (ed.); 1983; American Geological Institute.

Berry emIlBakü : Fruit Strictly speaking CaEpøsac; EdlmanRKab; tUc² dUcCa TMBaM)ayCU Epøeb‘rICaedIm .


Biennial rukçCati EdlRtUvkarry³eBlBIrqñaM sMrab;xYbCIvitrbs;BYkva. Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Bi-pinnate EcksøwkCacMEnk : sMedAeTAelIsøwk EdlRtUv)anEckCacMEnk Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Bloom Pruinose Bloom (n½ydUc) rIk (páa) EdlmanBN’s rW exov . cMeBaH RbePT Odonata eBjv½y manEpøeRcIn EmkeRcIn søwk eRcIn CaBiessePT Prunus . karekIncMnYneRcInya:grh½s


Bole edIm tYedImeQI kUneQI Source: Dictionary of Forestry (1998) published by the Society of American Foresters, 5400 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814-2198.

Branch EmkeQI 1. CaEpñkTIBIr rbs;edIm n½ydUcBakü limb emIl burl, knot 2. karKNnaral;cMnucTaMgGs;enAkñúgkmμviFIkMuBüÚT½r Edl logic(al) RtUv)andak;bBa¢ÚlGaRs½yeTAelIkar sMerc citþrbs; logic(al) 3. ePøIg emIl incident command system.

Source: Dictionary of Forestry (1998) published by the Society of American Foresters, 5400 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814-2198.

Broadleaf RbePTeQI EdlmansøwkFM EdlmanlkçN³pÞúyBIrukçCatisøwk m¢úl .

Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Bud RtYy 1. EpñkxageRkA rbs;Bnøk EdlkarBar cataphylls nig

Bnøk embryonic EdldMeNIrkar apical meristem nig

primordial søwkenAdMNak;kalxus²Kña 2. b:HBnøkbgáat; eTAnwgCalikarsMbk énedImTMrg -emIl graft


Buttresses, buttress roots edImrwgmanCatieQI rW b¤sKl; EdlmantYnaTITb;edIm Source: Definition of Digital

Species Production Team, 2006.


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CaBiess sMrab;edImeQIFM²enAtMbn;éRBRtUBic . Calcareous soil dI EdlsMbUredaykal;süÚmkal;bUNat CaCO3 nigsarFatu

kabUnepSgeTot edIm,IemIleXIjsarFatuenH eKGaceRbI 0.1M HCl cMNaM dITaMgenH PaKeRcInmanBI 10 eTA 1000g kg

esμ I 1 CaCO3


Cambium CalikarrukçCati : CaRsTab;ekasikarrukçCatiragsIuLaMg enAkñúgrWs nigedIm EdlekItmanenAkñúg Calikarf μ IsMrab; begáIn CalikarnaMC½r xylem nig phloem nigsMbkeQI .


Canopy kenSamsøwk : karpþMúKñarbs; søwk nigEmk emIl Forest canopy, Couvert forestier

http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/cfs-scf/science/prodserv/glossary_e.html#123 http://www.dnr.state.md.us/forests/gloss.html

Capsule Epøs¶Üt (EpøKY) EdleRbHEbkenAeBlTMu nigmanftCaeRcIn . Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Charcoal TMrg;énkabUn EdlTajykBIcMehHminsB rWmineBjelj

(incomplete combustion)énrukçCati rWstV dUcCa q¥wg rW eQI .


CITES CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species


Class emIlBakü: Classification Taxonomy: CaRkumsaBagÁkary EdlmanzitenACafñak; rW phylum. bnÞab;BIRkumKW lMdab; .


Clay dI\dæ 1. dI EdlmanGgát;p©it < 0.002 mm (0.00008 in) emIl soil separates.


Clear cut karkab;pþÜlTaMgRsug : karkab;sMGat : viFIsaRsþRKb;RKg éRBeQI EdlTak;Tgnwgkarkab;edImeQIQrTaMgGs; . karkat;sMGat GacRtUv)aneFIVCabøúk Cyr rW dMu² . Coupe à

blanc clearcutting clearfelling (n½ydUc); clear felling

(n½ydUc) karkab;edImeQITaMgGs; sMKal; 1. karduHlUtlas;



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edayRKab; CaFmμCati nig kardaMkUneQI 2. karkat;RtUv)an eFIVeLIgCaRkum rW dMu rW CaCYr 3. karRKb;RKg eQIQr EdlduH lUtlas; karlUtlas; nigTinñpleQIQrRtUv)an kab;TaMg Gs; 4. viFIsaRsþmines μ IGayu (kareRCIserIsCaRkum)

Clear felling = karkab;sMGat karkab;TaMgRsug kardkhUtTaMgRsug Source: Terminology of Forest

Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters.

Clear-cutting karkab;sMGat KWCakarkab;edImeQI EdlmanTaMgGs;ecjBI tMbn; . karkab;sMGatRtUv)aneRbIR)as; edIm,ICMnYydl; RbePTrukçCati EdlTamTarBnøWxøaMgkñúgkarduHlUtlas;eGay )anl¥ .


Cleavage 1. bMEbkGVImYy karEck rW karEjk 2. skmμPaBEckrW Ejk Source: Encarta Dictionary

Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Climate GakasFatu Ca)atuPUtry³eBlEvgénFatuGakas . karRbmUlsßiti GMBIFatuGakas sMrab;tMbn;Cak;lak;NamYy enAkMLúgeBlmYyCak;lak; .


Coarsely toothed CaCaysøwkEdlmanragdUceF μj . CaysøwkragdUcrNa . Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Community forestry 1. RbB½n§énkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI EdlRkummnusS enAkñúgPUmi nigshKmn_ cUlrYmRKb;RKgéRBeQI nigeFIVEpnkaréRBeQI . shKmn_éRBeQIPaKeRcIn enATTYlykeyab; nig esvaBI mRnþIrdæ)aléRBeQI kñúgkarbegáItEpnkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI .

2. CaBakü Edlmann½yTUlMTUlay EdlrYmnUvRbB½n§RKb;RKg tamEbbRbéBNI dUcCakmμviFIbegáItedayshKmn_ rW rdæaPi)al . shKmn_éRBeQI RtUv)aneRbIedIm,Ibgðaj nUvTMrg;énkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI edayshKmn_mUldæan .

Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006. - The Development of Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) in Cambodia, CBNRM Learning Institute, 2005.


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Compact plantation cMkarsþúk ³ rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgrukçCatiFM nigtUc EdlduHlUtlas; CaRbB½n§erobry nigeTogTat; . rukçCati edImeQI EdlduH lUtlas;mineTogTat; nigmintamreboberobry b:uEnþGac eGaycUleTARbmUlTinñn½y)anenAkñúgtMbn;enaH k_RtUv)an cat;CacMkarsþuk .

Source: Terminology for Integrated Resources Planning and Management, Choudhury, K.; Jansen, L. (ed.); 1999; FAO/UNEP.

Compound søwksmas EdlsøwkmYyRtUv)anEckCasøwkeRcIntUc² Casnøwk² . manlkçN³sMEb:t edaytMerob CaKUenAelI Caysøwk . PaKeRcInCaRbePTRKYsar Fabaceae


Conical 1. ragdUcekan 2. énekan : manTMrg;Caekan . Source: Encarta Dictionary


Coniferous forest CaéRBébtgCanic© EdlmanBBYkrukçCatisøwkm¢úl dUcCaRsl; . rukçCatisøwkm¢úl rW manEpøragdUcekan KWRbePTeQI EdlmansøwkesþIgdUcm¢úl nigmanEpøCaekan EdlmandUcCa Rsl; firs, junipers, larches, spruces, nig yews . lMdab; : Coniferales

Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation. - Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Construction wood eQIeRbIR)as;sMrab;karsagsg; dUcCa karsg;pÞH nig s<an . Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Coppice duHExñgeLIgvij 1. karplitnUvedImf μ IBIrWs rW Kl; 2. karkat; edIm (rukçCatisøwkFM) enAKl; edIm,IeGayvaduHBnøkfμ IeLIgvij 3. rukçCati EdlduHExñgeLIgvij 4. Bnøk EdlduHecjBIExñg enAKl;rbs;eQI Edl)ankat; emIl epicormic branch, regeneration method, stool, sucker, vegetative propagation.


Coppice with standarts (system) = eFIVeGayduHExñg CaRbB½n§ EdledImRtUv)aneRCIserIs nig

rkSa eGaymanlkçN³sþg;da edaymanGayu nigxYbxus² Kña .

Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters.

Cotyledon kUTIeLdug CaGMuRb‘Íy:ugrbs;søwk EdlrkSanUvGahar cMNaM Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American


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kUTIeLdugCalkçN³rbs;rukçCati EdlmanRKab; dUcCa Spermatophyta –emIl dicotyledon, monocotyledon.

Foresters.

Crookedness, crooked minRtg; edImeQI EdledImmanlkçN³ekag http://www.dnr.state.md.us/fore

sts/gloss.html#c

CTSP Cambodia Tree Seed Project ³KMeragRKab;BUCeQIkm<úCa Source: Definition of Digital


Cutting karkab;rMlM 1. karkab;rMlM edImeQInimYy² rW eQIQr 2.kareFIVeGayduHeLIgvij tamry³Bnøk Emk rW EpñkepSg² rbs;rukçCati edIm,IbegáItrukçCatifμ I² emIl air layering, vegetative propagation.


Damping off CMgWrbs;kUneQI : eFVIeGaykUneQIgab; edaysarkardk;Twk EdleFIVeGaymanpSiteRcInRbePTekItelIrukçCati .


DBH, diameter at breast height Ggát;p©itenAkMBs;Rtwm edImRTUg (dbh) – Cakarvas;Evg Ggát;

p©itCalkçN³bTdæan EdlmankMBs;RbEhl 4 1/2 feet BIdI . 1. enARtg;TICMral karvas;RtUv)aneFIVeLIg BIkMBUlénTYl

2. DBH Gacvas;Ggát;p©itenAelIsMbkeQI emIl diameter

inside bark, diameter outside bark .

http://www.dnr.state.md.us/forests/gloss.html#c

Deciduous forest éRBCMruHsøwk éRBel,aH CaéRB EdlmanedImeQICMruHsøwkrbs; vaCaFmμCati . CarukçCati EdlduHlUtlas;ry³eBleRcInqñaM . éRB EdlCMruHsøwk rbs;vaCaerogral;qñaM enArdUvRtCak; rW rdUvR)aMg pÞúyBIéRBébtgCanic© . rukçCati éntMbn;GakasFatu bgÁÜr RbePTeQIxøwm EdlCMruHsøwkrbs;vaenAeBlRtCak; .

Source: English Khmer Technical Glossary for Agriculture, Men Sarom (ed.), 1999, Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project. - Environmental Word-List, Erik Skoglund, 1990, Mekong Secretariat.

Deforestation karkab;bMpøajéRBeQI : kab;sMGatéRBeQI sMrab;kareRbI R)as;ry³eBlEvg . kab;ykecjnUv ral;edImeQIQr TaMg Gs; . emIlBakü afforestation, reforestation, regeneration


Digitate ykecjBIkMBUltamTisedAxus²Kña Rsedognwgkarlayéd Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.










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Dioecious rukçCati EdlmanpáajI nigeQ μalzitenAelIedImEtmYy emIl bisexual, monoecious, staminate, strobilus, taxon.


Direct sowing, direct seeding 1. karsab rW )acRKab;BUCedayéd rW ma:sIun enAtMbn;NamYy

2. BRgayRKab;BUC enAelItMbn;mYy edIm,IdaMduHéRBeQI (broadcast seeding USA, broadcast sowing Cw = sowing in situ)


Disease(s) emIl : Disorder CMgW CakarbMpøajlkçN³citþsaRsþ nigdMeNIrkarKImICIvrbs;Pavrs; .


Doubly toothed CaysøWk EdlmaneF μjDub Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Drainage 1. karbgðÚr: dMeNIrkarbgðÚrsarFaturav BIGIVmYy 2. RbB½n§lU : bMBg;lU rWTueya EdlnaMTwkkxVk;ecj 3. karykvtßúravecj tamry³karbgðÚr


Drupe Epøsac; Epørwg Edlmansac;enAkñúgftEpø nigmanRKab;mYy rW eRcIn .


Dry deciduous forest 1. CaRbePTéRBel,aH EdlminsUvmanePøóg . 2. éRBel,aH EdlenAtMbn;raMgs¶Üt rW Bak;kNþalraMgs¶Üt .


Dry season kMLúgeBlRbcaMqañM EdlminmanePøóg rW mankMritTab . pÞúyBIBakü wet- or rainy season.


Durability lT§PaB EdlGacFn;)anry³eBlyUr CaBiessminmankar bMpøaj rWxUcxat.


Dyestuff(s) ral;sarFatu EdleRbIR)as;sMrab;eFIVBN’ rWl½kç rWcMraj;yk BN’ rW l½kç .

Source: World Book 2004 (Deluxe), 2003.

Ecology karsikSanUvsrIragÁmanCIvitTaMgGs;enAkñúgtMbn; nigbrisßan rbs;BYkva .


Elevation ry³kMBs;éntMbn; : kMBs;tMbn;eFobnwgnIvU:TwksmuRT enAkMrit Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools.


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1,000 feet x<s;CagkMritTwksmuRT . Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Elliptic søwkrageGlIb EdlmancMnukkNþalrIkFM nigcugTaMgsgçag esμ IKña .


Elliptical eGlIb (n½ydUc) = dUceGlIb Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Endemic 1. CaRbéBNI (edImkMeNIt) rWmanlkçN³tMbn; rW TItaMgCak; lak; pÞúyBIBakü exotic 2. CaCMgW EdlqøgeTAelIrukçCatienA kñúgtMbn;TaMgmUl 3. cMnYnrukçCati stV rW vIrus EdlrgnUvCMgW mankMritTab emIl epidemic


Environmental Amplitude KWCaEdneGkULÚsIu EdlRbePTGacrs;)an . ktþabrisßan

rbs;rukçCatidUcCa: ry³kMBs; kMritTwkePøóg sItuNðPaB kMritBnøW pH CaedIm .


Erosion control karRKb;RKgkarhUreRcaH ³ karkarBardIRbqaMgnwgkarhUrnUvfμ rWRsTab;dI sarFatuciBa¢wmepSg² edaysarTwk xül; rW Twkkk. karRKb;RKgkarhUreRcaH GacRtUv)aneFIVeLIgtam ry³kar daMduHrukçCati EdlmanrWseRCA eRbIR)as;KMrbrukçCati rW ksag nUvfñak;² enAtMbn;PñM .

Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation. - Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Even-aged edImeQI EdlmanGayuesμ IKña manlMdab;fñak;GayuEtmYy Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters.

Even-aged stand(s) edImeQI EdlmanGayuesμ IKña manlMdab;fñak;GayuEtmYy emIl stand


Evergreen forest RbePTéRB EdlmanedImeQI GacrkSasøwkrbs;BYkvaenAkñúg ry³eBleBjmYyqñaM .


FA (Forestry Administration) 1. rdæ)aléRBeQI 2. rdæ)aléRBeQI (RtUv)aneRbIR)as;enAkñúg Source: Definition of Digital



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RbeTskm<úCapgEdr ) Family emIlBakü: Taxonomy CaRkuménePT (genera) énPav³rs;

EdlzitenAkñúglMdab;cMNat;fñak; EdlTak;TgKña .


Farm forestry 1. bec©keTséRBeQI EdlGnuvtþelI kardaM RKb;RKg nigeRbIR)as;dI sMrab;kardaduHéRBeQI emIl : agroforestry 2.

karGnuvtþkarRKb;RKgéRBeQI enAelIdIPUmi CaTUeTA manrYm bBa¢Últic rW eRcIn nUvkarGnuvtþkñúgksidæan .

Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters. - Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters.

Fence rbg 1. CBa¢aMgb¤sSI eQI rW Edk Edldak;CMuvij sYnc,ar valERs cMkar rW GaKar edIm,IkMueGaymnusS rW stVcUl rW ecj 2. enAelIma:sIunEkécñeQI EdlkMnt; nUvTTwg rW kMras; rbs;vtßú rW eQI EdlRtUvEkécñ .

Source: World Book 2004 (Deluxe), 2003. - Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters.

Fiber(s) srésr 1. CaBakü EdleRbIsMedA eTAelIekasikaeQI eRcIn Cagsrésr vessel nig parenchyma . 2. CaBaküeRbIsMrab; eQI CaTUeTA 3.srésesþIg Evg EdlmanenAkñúgedIm

Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters. - Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia.

Finely toothed søwk EdlmanEKmsøwktUc ragdUceFμjrNa . Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

First class wood eyagtamc,ab;éRBeQIkm<úCa (elx 35 éf¶ 25 Exmifuna 1988

PñMeBj ) CaRbePTl¥TIBIr bnÞab;BIeQIRbNit EdlRtUv)an cat;Tukfa manKuNPaBx<s;CageK .


Fodder cMNIstV CasarFatuTaMgLay EdlstV Bahn³ nigstVéRB GacsIu)an .


Fodder tree RbePTrukçCati CacMNIstVenAkñúgRsuk . Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters.

Follicle 1. rUg fgtUc Rbehag 2. EpøKYrs¶Üt: EpøeTals¶Üt EdleRbH tambeNþay edIm,IbeBa©jRKab; .



12


Forest plantation cMkareQI forestry planting (n½ydUc) edImeQIQr EdlRtUv )anbegáIt edaykardaM rW )acRKab;edaymnusS 1. cMkarGac manduHrukçCatiRsTab;eRkam EdlduHedayFm μCati 2. GacGa Rs½y eTAelIeKalbMNgénkarRKb;RKg cMkarGacCa cMkar suT§ rW cMruHRbePT minesμ IKña nUvkMritGayu nigRsTab; 3. cMkarGacRtUv)andaMduH enAkñúgxYbry³eBlxøI sMrab;CIvma:s; famBl nigplitkmμsréseQI enAxYbEvg sMrab;plitkmμ eQIh‘ub rW tMélepSgeTot .


Forestry forestry, forestry profession (n½ydUc) CMnaj Tak;Tgnwg viTüasaRsþ sil,³ nigkarGnuvtþ RKb;RKg eRbIR)as; GPirkS éRBeQI nigedaymankareRbIR)as;Fn;Fan Edlman RbeyaCn_dl;mnusS nigRbkb edaynirnþPaB eTAtameKal bMNg tMrUvkar nigtMél cMNaM PaBFMeFgénCMnaj éRBeQI rYmman CIvsaRsþ brimaN karRKb;RKg nigviTüasaRsþsgÁm EdlGnuvtþnUv karRKb;RKg nigGPirkSéRBeQI varYmman CMnaj ksirukçkm μ ]sSah_km μ éRBeQI minEmn]sSah_kmμ éRBeQI nigstVéRB karkMsanþ CaedIm emIl agroforestry, forester.


Fragrance(s) 1. køinRkGUb : køin EdlbeBa©jedayrukçCati 2. PaBRkGUb : manlkçN³RkGUb 3. TwkGb; : vtßú Edlmankøinxus²Kña dUcCa TwkGb; EdlmankøinsMrab;burs


Fruit CasrIragÁEdlpÞúknUvRKab; énRbePTrukçCati Edlmanpáa edaymanGUvarITMu . ]TahrN_³ Epøsac; rW EpøKYr .


Fruit tree RbePTedImeQI Edlpþl;Epø EdlRtUv)andaMduH . mandUcCa sVay KUeln savma:v emon xñúr rWFuern . eQIhUbEpøRtUv)an daMduHenAkñúgcMkar sYn nigeRkaypÞH .



13


Fruit type BaküsMedAeTA elIrUbragTUeTA nigTMrg;rbs;Epø . ]TahrN_ RbePTEpøKYr nigEpøsac;CaedIm .


Fuelwood eQIfamBl Gus Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters.

Gene ecological zone tMbn;eGkULÚsIuEsn tMbn;EdlmanlkçN³eGkULÚsIudUcKña

ehIy manlkçN³esenTicrbs;RbePT dUcKña (Graudal et

al., 1997) . enAkm<úCa mantMbn;eGkULÚsIuEsn 7 RtUv)aneFIV GtþsBaØaN edayeyageTAtam bioclimate rukçCati rUbsaRsþ nigdI .

Source: CTSP, 2003: Forest Gene Conservation Strategy - Gene Conservation Strategy, Species Monographs, Gene Ecological Zonation, Species Site Matching Model. (CD-ROM).

Genus genus, generic (KuNnam); genera (Bhuvcn³) emIl : Taxonomy; Nomenclature; Systematics; Classification;

Genus novum ePT CacMNat;fñak; énsrIragÁrs; Edlman lkçN³xus²Kña BIePTmYyeTAmYy CaTUeTA vamanRbePT mYy rWeRcIn kñúgkareFIVcMNat;fñak;ePT én rbs;RKYsarbs; RbePT .


Germination germination, germinate (TMrg;epSg²Kña) dMNuH 1. KWCakar cab; epþImlUtlas; rbs;RKab; s<r rW eks CaTUeTA dMNuHsM edAelI karduHcak;ecjBIsMbkRKab; s<r rW CBa¢aMgekasika eks nigmanelceLIgnUv radicle, plumule, thallus, rW hypha

2. karbnþBUC edaykUneQI tamry³kardaMRKab;


Girdling girdling - viFIsaRsþsMlab;edImeQI edaykarkat;sMbk edImCMuvij varYmmankareRbIR)as;fñaMsMlab;rukçCati fñaMKImI pgEdr emIl band girdling.


Glabrous K μaneram rW TMEBk . pÞúynwgBakü pubescent rW hirsute . Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Globular 1. rages<ó : ragmUl dUc)al; 2. manragmUl Source: Encarta Dictionary

Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft


14


Corporation. Growth rings, annual rings rgVg;lUtlas; rgVg;lUtlas;RbcaMqñaM . emIl³ growth rings.


Gum(s) C½r CaBakü eRbIsMrab;rukçCati rW edImeQIEdl GacTajyk CatiC½r)an nigCasarFatu EdlmanTMrg;KImI saMujaMu RtUv)an cat;TukfamankMrit kabUnGIuRdatb:UlIEmx<s; . énC½r Edl GacrlaykñúgTwk)an dUcCaC½rGakasüa (gum arabic) –

kareRbIR)as;CacMbgnUvC½r EdlrlaykñúgTwk KWCa»sf nigkarplitRkdas . sMKal; : enA USA, oleoresin KWsMedA eTAelI 'gum' emIl natural resin, wood gum


Halomorphic soil =alkali soil. CadI EdlmanCaGMbileRcIn EdlGacb:HBal; dl;karlUtlas;rbs;rukçCati . dIsMbUreTAeday NaCl .


Hardboard engineered wood composite finger joint (n½ydUc);

flakeboard (n½ydUc); glulam (n½ydUc); hardboard (n½ydUc);

insulation board (n½ydUc); laminated veneer lumber

(n½ydUc); medium-density fiberboard (n½ydUc); particle

board (n½ydUc); plywood (n½ydUc) plitBIeQI EdleRbIkav bitP¢ab;Kña nigCaplitpl EdlmanlkçN³esdækic© Cag eQIGarrwg emIl hollow-core construction; RbePTénvisVkmμ eQIEdlrYman karP¢ab;BIeQImYyeTAmYy edayma:sIun nigkav sMKal; dMeNIrkarenH Gacplitkþa )anRKb;RbEvg TaMgGs; emIl particle board –CaRsTab;eQIRtUv)anbitkav edIm,IeGayrwgmaMu nigEvg PaKeRcInRtUv)aneRbICa Fñwm rWkþa . cMNaM srésreQIGacTajykBIkMeTceQI eday "karpÞúH"

EdlekItmaneLIgtamry³kareRbIsMBaF kþaEdlplitman dg;sIuetTab edaykareRbIkMedA .


Hardwood eQIxøwm CaeQIrukçCatisøwkFM nigCMruHsøwk edImeQI Edlman http://www.dnr.state.md.us/forests/gloss.html#c


15


eQIxøwmeRcInzitenAkñúgRkum Angiospermae 2. Ca xylem én

Angiospermae –sMKal; eQIxøwm manPaBxus²Kña TaMgTis Qr nigedk b:uEnþ vamansrés vessels nig rays cMNaM eQIrbs;eQIxøwm GacmanrUbsaRsþrwm rWTn; emIl softwood, lumber _____________________________ Source: Dictionary of Forestry (1998) published by the Society of American Foresters, 5400 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814-2198. Not for further reproduction.

Hazard(s) 1. EdlGacmaneRKaHfñak; : GIV²TaMgGs; EdlGacbNþal eGaymaneRKaHfñak; 2. kMritgayrgeRKaHfñak; edaystVl¥it nigePøIgeqH rbs;eQIQr 3. )at;bg;»kas rW karreRKaHfñak;

Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation. - Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters. - Source: World Book 2004 (Deluxe), 2003.

Heartwood xwømeQI eQIEpñkkNþalrbs;edImeQI rWEmk EdlmanGayu cas; exμA nigrwgCageQI EdlenACMuvijva . 1. ekasikaeQI xøwmminmanvtßúrs;eT nigminmandMeNIrkaRbtikmμGIVTaMgGs; 2. PaBTak;Taj nigRss;s¥atmanenAelIeQIxøwm edaysarva manBN’exμACag eQIRsay .


Hectare (ha) xñatEm:RténtMbn; : Edlesμ Inwg 100 ares rW 10,000 Em:Rtkaer (2.471 acres).


Hemispherical GDÆeKal 1. mYycMehogénEpndI : CaBiessBak;kNþal xageCIg rW xagt,ÚgeGkVaT½r rW enAxaglic rW ekItExS meridian 2. Bak;kNþalEsV‘ rW vtßú EdlmanragmUl


Herbicide fñaMsMlab;rukçCatitUc² , fñaMsMlab;es μA CaRbePTfñaM EdleRbI sMrab;sMlab; rW RKb;RKgkarlUtlas;rbs;rukçCati .


High forest éRBmanedImeQIx<s; EdlduHecjBIkUneQItUc² niglUtlas; CaedImeQIx<s; nigkenSamsøwkCit²Kña emIl low forest


Humic soil dI EdlekItmkBImemak . Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team,


16


2006. Humid sMeNIm RH (GkSkat;); Tak;TgnwgsMeNIm (manTMrg;xus²

Kña) CabrimaNTwk EdlhYteTAkñúgxül; . CaTUeTA RtUv)an kMNt;faCasMeNIm .


Humus memak CasarFatuexμA rWetñat EdlmansmasFatusaMuBaJaMu eRbIsMrab;bMEbksMNl;rukçCati nigstV enAelIépÞdI n½ydUcnwgBakü soil organic matter .


Hybrid kUnkat; GIuRb‘Ít CakUnkat; Edl)anmkBIem)aBIepSgKña sMKal; BaküenH eRbIsMrab;RbePT Edl)anbgáat;Kña TaMgkñúg RbePT dUcKña nigeRkARbePT . emIl allele, cross-pollination, F1, F2, genotype, heterosis, heterozygous, species hybrid.


Hydromorphic soil 1. CaGnulMdab;éndI intrazonal EdlrYman 7 RkumFM²rbs;dI BYkvabegáItnUvTMrg; enAeRkamlkçx½NÐ EdlminRbB½n§bgðÚrTwk CaMTwk rabesμ I dk;Twk 2. = hydrogenetic soil dIEdlvivtþn_ edaysaPaKRKb;RKgrbs;Twk EdlbegáItnUvGtisuxumR)aN dl;dI .


Inflorescence kBa©úMpáa emIl : Flower The flowering portion of a plant; the flowerhead.


Insecticide fñaMeRbIR)as;edIm,IkMcat;stVl¥it . fñaMsMlab;stVl¥itxøH k_Gac eRbIR)as;sMrab;kMcat; éc keNþó BIgBag nigstVl¥itepSg eTot .


Inundated forest = éRBlicTwk rW kMraléRBRtUv)anRKbdNþb;edayTwk ]TahrN_ éRBlicTwkenAkm<úCa dUcCaéRbekagkag nig éRBlicTwkCMuvijbwgTenøsab .


Irrigation karpþl;TwkeTAelItMbn; NamYy: pÁt;pÁg;TwkenAtMbn;raMgs¶Üt CaBiess CaBiessCYyrukçCatieGayduHlUtlas; .



17


IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources


Janka side hardness = PaBrwg Cakarvas;EvgPaBrwgmaMu Fn; sMedAeTAelI ]sSah_ km μ Janka hardness . Janka vas;EvgnUvbnÞúkEdlGac TTYl)ankñúgGgát;p©it 0.444-inch énr)aEdk eTAkñúgeQI EdlmanGgát;p©itBak;kNþalr)a . karvas;Evg Janka KW GaRs½yeTAelIkMritmFüméneQIGar EdlGacpþl;nUvkMrit xus²Kña .

Source: http://www.hampshirehardwoods.com, 2006

Juvenile xusBIv½yCMTg; EdlkMNt;edaylkçN³xageRkA b:uEnþminTan; GaceFIVkarbgáat;)an emIl immature


Kingdom CacMNat;fñak;x<s;bMput énvtßúFm μCati : EdlmandUcCa stV rukçCati Er: EdlenAkñúgPavrs; EdlRtUv)anEbgEckedayGñk viTüasaRsþ .


Lanceolate ragdUcbnÞHes<ó . Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Late wood ekasikaeQI EdlplitenAcugrdUvénkarlUtlas; EdleFIV eGaymansñamBN’ex μA énrgVg;lUtlas;RbcaMqñaM . RtUv)an ehApgEdr fa summerwood

Source: www.ncforestry.org, 2006

Lateral root rWsryag BnøkrWs CarWstUc² EdlduHecjBIrrWsEkvrbs; edImeQI . RbsinmntYnaTITb; edImeQI eGaymanlMnwg .


Latex (plural latices) 1. C½reQI: sarFaturavBN’sRsedogTwkedaHeKa Edlman enAkñúgedImekAs‘U EdlC½rrbs;vaRtUv)anykmkplit ekAs‘U eRkt 2. karlay kMeTcpøasÞic enAkñúgTwk : ekAs‘UyWt rW )aøsÞic polymer enAkñúgTwk eRbIsMrab;plit fñaMlabpÞH kav nigplitpepSg²eTot .


Latin name = eQ μaHviTüasaRsþénRbePT nigePT edayeyagtamkar Source: Definition of Digital



18


TTYlsÁal;cMNat;fñak;CaGnþrCati . Latitude

1. ExSry³TTwg : ExSkat;TTwgEpndICaBIes μ IKña TaMgxageCIg nigt,ÚgeGkVaT½r 2. tMbn;énépÞEpndI : tMbn; épÞEpndI Edl enACitExSTTwg .


Leaf søwk Source: Dictionary of Forestry (1998) published by the Society of American Foresters, 5400 Grosvenor Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814-2198.

Leaf arrangement kartMerobrbs;søwk Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Leaf margin EKmsøwk Caysøwk Gacrelag ekag ragTwkrlk rW maneFμj Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Leaf shape TMrg;søwk rUbragsøwk ]TahrN_ søwkGacmanrageGlIb mUl niges<ó søwkxøHtMerobt²Kña = leafshaped parts of one leaf .


Leaf tip kMBUl rW cug rbs;søwk EdlGacmanlkçN³RsYc rW Tal . Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Leaflet snøwk Epñkénsmassøwk emIl : Planthopper Insect of the

suborder Homoptera, family Cicadellidae, EdlsIu tamry³karCBa¢k;rukçrs rW C½rrbs;edIm nigsøwk .


Legume RbePTrukçCatikñúgRKYsar Fabaceae (Leguminosae);

Epørbs;rukçCati Legume


Light demanding rukçCati EdlRtUvkarBnøWxøaMg edIm,IduHlUtlas; . dUcCaRbePT Rsl;søwkBIr pinus spp. CaRbePT RtUvkarBnøWxøaMg .


Limb = branch EmkeQI EmktUc² CaEpñk Edlman søwk páa nigEpø Source: Environment Words,

Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia.

Limestone fμEdlpSMBIkal;süÚmkabUNat . Source: Dictionary of Geological Terms; Bates,R; Jackson, J. (ed.); 1983; American Geological Institute.

Linear zitenACabnÞat; .



19


Living fence(s) rbgrs; edImeQIRtUv)andaMCarbg rW CYy edIm,IkMNt;RBM karBarstV RBil nigRbePTrukçCatI EdlGaceRbICafamBl nigcMNIstV n½ydUc live fence


Loam l,ay CavaynPaBdI EdlrYmman brimaNesμ I²Kña én xSac; xSac; Pk; nig\dæ .


Log kMNat;eQI karkat;eQImUl karkab;edImeQI EmkRkas; bnÞab;BIkarkat;tMrwm nigkarqøgKña .


Longitude 1. ExSry³beNþay 2. tMbn; EdlzitenACitExSry³beNþay NamYy


Lumber lumber sawnwood (n½ydUc) plitpleQIGar )anmkBIedImeQI sMKal; muxkat;eQIGarRtUv)ankat;enATMhM Cak;lak; TaMgkMras; nigRbEvgmuxkat;eQIxøwmRtUv)ankat;tMrUv tamkarpliteRKOgsgðarwm rW plitplepSgeTot muxkat; eQIRsay mankMras;BI 1 eTA 5 inches EdleRbIkñúgkar sagsg; nigkarlk;dUr n½ydUc : sawnwood, sawtimber.


Luxury wood eyagtamc,ab;éRBeQIkm<úCa (elx 35 éf¶ 25 Exmifuna 1988

PñMeBj ) CaeQIRbNit EdlmanKuNPaBx<s;bMput .


Mangrove forest éRBekagkag CaéRBEdlduHlUtlas;enACit eqñrsmuRT Edl manBBYkeQIRtUBikduH edayman Rhizophora,Laguncularia,

nig Avicennia duHlb; nigkEnøgEdlEtgrknUvTwkeCar nig nac .


Maturation maturity, maturation (n½ydUc) PaBeBjv½y edImeQI Edl manGayuesμ IKña nigGaceFIVkarbnþBUC)an ehIymankarlUt las;kMBs;xøaMg Gacdl;kMBs;GaceFIVBaNiC¢km μ)an . emIl juvenile phase, old-growth forest, overmature, pole,



20


sapling. Mature

adjective of maturity, maturation (n½ydUc) PaBeBjv½y edImeQI EdlmanGayuesμ IKña nigGaceFIVkarbnþBUC)an ehIy mankarlUt las;kMBs;xøaMg Gacdl;kMBs;Gac eFIVBaNiC¢km μ )an . edImeQIGacmin manGayuesμ IKña ehIykareBjv½y k_minGacdUcKñaEdr . emIl juvenile phase, old-growth forest, overmature, pole, sapling.


Modulus of elasticity kMritGacbt;Ebn)an karvas;Evg karxUcRTg;RTayrbs;eQI edayeRbI bnÞúkesμ IKña edIm,ItMrg;eQIkñúgkMritmYy EdlGacbt; )an sMKal; PaBbt;Ebn)anrbs;eQI KWCaPaBrwgrbs;eQI modulus of elasticity (E) = normal stress/normal strain –

n½ydUc Young's modulus (of elasticity), coefficient of

elasticity -emIl modulus of rigidity, modulus of rupture, moment of inertia of cross section.


Modulus of rupture karvas;EvgnUvkMritTMgn;x<s;bMput EdlsréseQIminGac RTRTg;)an edayeRbInUvbnÞúk EdleFIVeGayeQIekag emIl modulus of elasticity, modulus of rigidity.


Monoecious cMnYnRbePT rW RbePT EdlmantYnaTI CapáajI nigeQ μal enAkEnøgxusKña enAelIrukçCatiEtmYy emIl bisexual, dichogamy, dioecious, strobilus.


Natural regeneration karduHlUtlas;edayFmμCatirbs;rukçCati edaysarRKab; karduHBnøk kUneQI nigExñg .


Nectar Twkdm rW CavtßúFatuedImsMrab;plitTwkXμ Mú . Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Needle søwk conifer: søwkRsYc EdlmanenAelIRbePTeQI conifer . Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Neutral CasarFatu EdlminEmnCaGasIut rW )as . man pH esμ I 7 Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia.


21


Neutral soil dINWt CaRbePTdI Edlman pH esμ I 7.0 . Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Nitrogen nIRtUEsn ]s μ ½nK μanBN’ nigkøin eRbIR)as;sMrab;plit Gam:UBaJak; eKOgpÞúH nigCI . nimitþsBaØa N


Nitrogen fixation karpþl;GasUt KW Ca karpøas;bþÚrFatunIRtUEsn (N2)

BIbriyakas eTAeGaysarBagÁkayrs; kñúgkareRbIR)as; . sMKal; karpþl;GasUt symbiotic RtUv)aneFIVeLIgtamry³ )ak;etrI EdlmanenAelIkMBkrWs rukçCati legumes GaceFIV eLIg edayBBYkmIRkUsarBagÁkay Cak;lak;minmankMBkrWs nigminEmnCa legumes nigBBYkvarICati dUcCasarayCaedIm


Nut Epøs¶Üt EpøEdlmineRbH manRKab;EtmYy Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Nutrient sarFatu rW smasFatuKImI EdlRtUv)aneRbICaGahar rW layCamYysarFatuepSgeTot edIm,IbegáItCaGahar .


Nutrition sarFatuciBa©wm 1. karEkécñGahar : dMeNIrkarRsUbyk Gahar edImrkSasuxPaB nigduHlUtlas; 2. viTüasaRsþ Gahar: viTüasaRsþ EdlTak;TgnwgGahar nig\T§iBlrbs;va eTAelIsuxPaB 3. Gahar : Gahar sarFatuEr: vitamins

nigsarFatucBa©wmepSgeTot Edlman


Obovate emIl : Ovate Ovate ragdUcCas‘ut EdlmanEpñkTTwgFM enAxageRkamEpñkkNþal . CaBaküeRbIsMrab;BiBN’naBI søwk ragdUcCas‘ut rW Bgman;


Obtuse ril rW manragmUlenAkMBUl rWcug . Source: www.knowledgebank.irri.org, 2006

Oil eRbg 1. sarFatu EdlGacduteqH EdlTTYl)anBIRbPB rukçCati stV Er: eRbgmansßanrav enAkMritsItuNðPaBFm μta nigrlayenAkñúgsarFatusrIragÁ 2. sarFaturav Edlrelag

Source: English Khmer Technical Glossary for Agriculture, Men Sarom (ed.), 1999, Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project.Source: Environmental Word-List, Erik Skoglund, 1990,


22


EdldutedIm,IbegáItkMedA Mekong Secretariat. - Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia.

Operculum snÞHRKb EdlmanenAkñúg Esø nigpSit Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Opposite pÞúyKña QmKña : sMedAelIEpñkrbs;rukçCati dUcCasøwk rW páa EdlduHlUtlas;enAelIedImEtmYy b:uEnzitenAmçagmñak; .


Orchard cMkar 1. cMkareQIhUbEpø : dI EdleQIhUbEpøRtUv)andaM sMrab;lk; 2. EpøeQIdaMduHsMrab;BaNiC¢kmμ RKb;eQIhUbEpø EdldaMsMrab;eKalbMNgBaNiC¢km μ .


Order emIlBakü: Taxonomy; Family; Class KWCacMNat;fñak;enA eRkam class nig xagelI family ]TahrN_ ³ Lepidoptera .


Ornamental plant rukçCati EdleRbIR)as;sMrab;karEtglMGr (dUcCa sYnc,ar nigtampøÚv)


Ovary GUva:rI GUEv CasrIragÁmYyrbs;eksjI EdlpÞúkGUvul nigvivdþeTACaEpø


Ovate ovate, ovoid (TMrg;epSg²Kña) ragmUlRTEvg ragdUcs‘ut

emIl : Obovate Egg-shaped in outline.


Ovoid ovate, ovoid (TMrg;epSg²Kña) ragmUlRTEvg ragdUcs‘ut

emIl: Obovate Egg-shaped in outline.


Palmate ragdUcCa)atéd CaBiesssMedAeTAelIsøwk . Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Panicle Panicle, paniculate (KuNnam) cegáam KYr k,alRKab;BUC Source: Forestry Compendium

(Global Module), CAB International.

Parkland system kardaMduHdMNaM CacenøaH eRkamedImeQI EdlduHenAq¶ayBIKña emIlBakü agroforestry .



23


Particle board kþakMeTceQI Caplitpl eQI)anmkBIkarbitkav nUvkMeTc eQIeGayeTACa kþa sMrab;eRbIR)as; .


Peduncle Tg GacCaTgpáa rW Epø . Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Perennial perennial, perennating (KuNnam) rukçCati EdlmanGayu elIsBI 2 qñaMcab;BIeBlduH .


Pesticide(s) fñaMsMlab;stVl¥it CasarFatuKImI EdleRbIsMrab;RKb;RKgcMnYn stVl¥it rW eFIVeGaymanrbYs emIl nontarget species, slurry, target species.


Petiole petioule, leaf-stalk (n½ydUc); leafstalk (n½ydUc) Leaf-stalk

(n½ydUc) Tg KWCaEpñk EdlsøwkRtUv)anP¢ab; eTAnWgEmk rW edIm . stVl¥it : cegáHrbs; Rsemac Xμ úM nig»ma:l


pH (Soil) pH énsUluysüúg enAkñúgdI sMKal; pH RtUv)akMNt;eday mFümrbs; kBa©k; rW Rkdasvas; pH kMritsUluysüúgrbs; TwkeRkamdI 0.01 M CaCl2, or 1 M KCl emIl soil reaction..


Phosphorus pUsVr 1. sarFatuKImI EdlGaceqH nigmanBnøW eRbIsMrab;eFIV eQIKUs kaMRCYc eRKOgsMrab;GuC rW dut CI nimitþsBaØa P


Phylum cMNat;fñak; stV nigrukçCatieTARkum EdlbegáIt)an CacMnYnfñak; (classes) CaeRcIn .


Pinnate tMerobCalkçN³qøas;Kña dUcCasøwk peas, Lucaena, Albizia etc. Pinnate-compound leaf Feather-compound leaf

(n½ydUc) emIl : Pinnate leaf Bak;kNþalCaysøwk Edlman ragRsYc Pinnate-lobed leaf, Feather-lobed leaf (n½ydUc)


Pith CaCalikaenAkñúgedIm : CalikakNþalénedIm rbs;rukçCati mansrés



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Planar 1. énFNImaRtrbs;épÞrab 2. rabesμI Source: Encarta Dictionary


Plantation cMkar cMkareQI :CaedImeQIRtUv)andaMedaykUn rW RKab;pÞal;. forest plantation (n½ydUc); forestry planting (n½ydUc) CaeQI Qr EdlRtUv)andaMduHedaysib,nimiμt cMnaM 1. cMkareQIGac maneQIduHRsTab;eRkam EdlekItedayFm μCati 2.eyageTA elIeKalbMNgRKb;RKg cMkarGacCaÉkRbePT rW suT§ nigcMruH EdlRtUv)ankat;tMrwm nigmanfñak;Gayuxus²Kña nigGacman stVéRBrs;nUvkñúgenaHpgEdr 3. cMkarGacmanxYbry³eBlxøI sMrab;CIvma:s; famBl plitkmμsrés nigxYbry³eBlEvg sMrab;plikm μeQIh‘ub nigeKalbMNgepSgeTot . emIl : Leafhopper 1. eQIQr EdlRtUv)andaMduHedaysib,nimμ it 2.

= Artificial crop éRBeQI EdlRtUv)andaMduHedaymnusS tam ry³karsabRKab; rW kUneQI 3. tMbn; EdldMNaMRtUv)andaMduH

Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters - Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters. - Source: English Khmer Technical Glossary for Agriculture, Men Sarom (ed.), 1999, Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project.

Planting kardaMduH kardaMduHeLIgvij dMenIrkardaMduH edIm,IFanakarlUt las; plitkm μ nigkarbgáat; .


Plinthic soil =Plinthosols (PT) dIpøIntUs‘ul CadI EdlmansarFatu petroplinthic enAkMrars; 50 cm BIépÞRsTab;elIdI rW plinthic

enAkMras; 50 cm BIépÞdI rW plinthic kMras; 100 cm BIépÞdI enAeBlépÞdImanCati albic rW stagnic enAkñúgdI

Source: http://www.fao.org, 2006

Ploughing = plowing karP¢ÜrdI 1. eFIVeGaydImanragCaKnøg : eFIVkar bMEbkdI nigRtlb;cuHeLIg 2. kat;GIVmYy : kat;GIVmYytam ry³karP¢Ür 3. eFIVkarsMGat : P¢ÜrsMGatRBil EdlRKbenAelI pøÚv 4. kardaMGIVmYyenAeRkamdI : kardak; dUcCaCI rW dMNaM edayeRbIR)as;karP¢Úr



25


Plywood kþabnÞH plitplEdl)anmkBI karbitedaykarnUvRsTab; eQIesþIgCab;Kña . CabnÞH EdlbegáIteLIgedaykarbitkav énRsTab; veneers cMNaM : kþabnÞH RtUv)anpSMBIvIna BIbI bYn rW R)aMsnøwk


Pod Epøs¶Üt EdleRbHEbk EpøKYr dUcCaRbePT legumes (sENþk)

EdleRbHEbk enAeBlTMu .


Pollen lMGg 1. RKab;lMGg . 2. emSAsMrab;karbgárkMeNIt : emSA Edlplitedaypáarbs;rukçCati EdlmanpÞúk nUvekasikabnþ BUCeQ μal vaRtUv)annaMeday xül; stVl¥it eTArukçCatiepSg eTot EdlvaRtUv)anbgárkMeNIt

Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters. - Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Pollination dMeNIrlMGg karnaMlMGgeTAelITMrpáajI edIm,IbgárkMeNIt cMnaM enAkñúgBBYk angiosperms TMrenHCaépÞrbs; stigmatic cMeBaH gymnosperms TMrCakMBUlrbs; ovule emIl controlled pollination, fertilization, receptivity.

Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters

Post(s) begÁal CaTUeTAragmUl rWRCug sMrab;Tb;GaKar nigrbgCaedIm Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Precipitation tu)at 1. ral;TMrg;rav rW rwgrbs;Twk EdlFøak;BIbriyakasmk elIépÞEpndI EdlrYmman rlwm ePøóg RBil RKab;RBil dMuRBil dMuTwkkk RKab;Twkkk cMnaM plEck tu)at eTAnwgkarMhYt mansar³sMxan;sMrab;r)a:yrbs;rukçCati 2. karvas;Evg brimaN RtUv)anKitCa GIug (inches) sg;TIEm:Rt

(centimeters) rWmIlIEm:Rt (milliliters) énCMerArbs;Twkrav EdlFøak;mkelItMbn; nigeBlevlaCak;lak;NamYy emIl precipitation gauge, recording rain gauge.


Propagation kardaM rWbNþúHnUvrukçCatifμ I BIRKab; Bnøk karkat; rWbMe)A . Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia.

Protein RbUetGIun CasmasFatuGasUt kabUn GIRdUEsn GuksIuEsn nigGatUms‘ulpY . vaCaEpñksar³sMxan;én protoplasm



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énekasikars; . GasUt x 6.25 = protein. Provenance tMbn;edImkMeNIt rbs;RbPBRKab;BUC eks rW propagules –

emIl geographic race, local seed source.


Pulpwood eQImUl kMeTceQI rW sMNl;eQI EdleRbIR)as;sMrab;plit km μeQI .


Radial ragCakaM kat;CakaMrgVg; Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters

Railway sleeper(s) = Crosstie (USA) =railroad tie (USA). eQIdak;epþk ² enAtampøÚvrfePøIg edImRTRTg;pøÚvEdk .


Recalcitrant mankarBi)akkñúgRKb;RKg rW Tukdak; KWsMedAeTAelIkarbnþBUC rbs;rukçCati RKab;BUC recalcitrant mankarlM)akkñúgkarTuk dak; .

Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.According to Cambodian Forestry Law (No. 35, 25th June 1988, Phnom Penh) the second best wood classification. Only Luxury class wood is considered to be of higher quality.

Reforestation reforestation, reafforestation (n½ydUc) karbegáItKMrbéRBeQI TaMgedayFmμCati (edayRKab; Exñg rW kUnduHBIrWs) rW sib,nim μ it (edayRKab;pÞal; rW daMkUn) –sMKal; karsþaréRBeQI KWCakarrkSaRbePTéRBeGaymanRbePTdUc edImvij bnÞab;BIkarkab; emIl afforestation, deforestation, dibble, hoedad, J-root, stand establishment.


Regeneration method regeneration method single tree selection (n½ydUc)

viFIsaRsþkab;edImeQI edIm,ITTYl)annUvcMNat;fñak;Gayufμ I tamry³karkab;sMGat rW kab;Gs;rlIg kab;TukBUC kab;TukCaCMrk kab;eRCIserIs nigkarduHExñg n½ydUc reproduction method -see biological legacy, harvesting method, irregular, variable retention harvest system;

viFIsaRsþeFIVeGayduHeLIgvij EckCa 4 KW : coppice, even-



27


aged, two-aged, and uneven-aged. Resin C½reQI 1. karbeBa©jC½r rbs;RbePTedImeQI rW edaykarsIu

bMpøajBIstVl¥it EdlCaplitplGuksIutkmμ rW polymerization én terpenes EdlrYmman l,ayGasIut

aromatic nig esters EdlrlaykñúgTwk b:uEnþk_Gacrlaykñúg Gal;kul rW sUluysüúgsrIragÁ . Cr½manenAelIeQI Edlrs; EdlGacRtUv)anecaHyk nigGacpøas;bþÚrsarFatuKImIya:g elOn 2. sarFaturavs¥it EdlhUrenAkñúgedImeQI edaynaM sarFatuciBa©wm CaBiessenAkñúgRsl; nigedImekAs‘U 3. GgÁ Faturwg rwgmFüm rW ravføa srIragÁ Edl)anmkBI rukçCati .

Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters.&Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters. - Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia. - Source: English Khmer Technical Glossary for Agriculture, Men Sarom (ed.), 1999, Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project.Source: Environmental Word-List, Erik Skoglund, 1990, Mekong Secretariat.

Riparian forest 1. RbePTéRB EdlduHenAtMbn;dIesIm tamdgTenø sÞwg tMbn;TwkeCar 2. éRB EdlzitenAtambeNþalTenø rW sÞwg 3. RbePTéRB EdlduHlUtlas; enAtamRbPBTwk bwg sÞwg nigBwgBak;elIrWs edIm,IduHcak;dl;RbPBTwk


Root emIl : Aerial root Descending portion of a plant rWsrbs; rukçCati EdlCaEpñk EdlsarFatuciBa©wm nigTwkRtUv)anRsUb yk .


Rostrate Rostrum, rostrate (KuNnam); beak (n½ydUc); snout (n½ydUc)

1. EpñkragdUccMBuH 2. cMBuHén Hemiptera CaEsñg weevils

(Curculionidae). (sMKal; : enAkñúgstþviTüa cMBuHKW CaEsñg Rbdab;karBarcgáarbs;stVsøab)

Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation. - Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Rotation dMeNIrvilCMu rgVilCMu xYb - cMnYnqñaM EdlrukçCatiRtUvkarkñúgkareBjv½y rW lUtlas;dl;TMhM Edl cg;)an . xYbenAkñúgRbB½n§es μ IGayu kMLúgeBl rvagkarduH eLIgvij nigkarkab;cugeRkag sMKal; xYbGacGRs½ynwg lkçN³vinicä½ydUcCa TMhMmFüm Gayu kMeNInmaDRbcaMqñaM

http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/cfs-scf/science/prodserv/glossary_f.html#98 http://www.dnr.state.md.us/forests/gloss.html#c http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/cfs-scf/science/prodserv/glossary_e.html#81






28


nigkMritlUtlas; RBmTaMglkçx½NÐ CIvsaRsþ emIl financial

maturity, soil rent(al) Rotation: cMnYnqñaM Edl)aneRKagTuk kñúgkardaMduHeLIgvijnUvedImeQI bnÞab;BIkarkab;RbmUlpl .

Saline soil dImanCatiéRb rW GMbil CadI nonsodic EdlmanCatiGMbil nigGacman\T§iBleTAkarlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM cMNaM kMrit eRCobTab GacTajykMritcrnþGKIÁsnI BIdI)ankñúgkMrit t 4

dS m-1 (at 25oC or 77oF) rukçCatigayrgeRKaHenAkMritBak; kNþalénCatiGMbil nigRbePTEdlFn; GacFn;nwgkMritéRb dl;eTA BIrdgénkMritdIRbePTenH (dS = decisiemen)


Salt tolerance EdlFn; nwgCatiéRb rW GMbil KWCalT§PaBrbs;rukçCati GacFn;nwgdImanCaéRbx<s; . dUcCaRbePT edImekagkag CaedIm


Sand dIxSac; 1. dIEdlmanGgÁt;p©it BI 0.05 eTA 2.00 mm (0.002

eTA 0.08 inch) . lkçN³dI EdlCadIxSac; KWmankMritxSac; 85 PaKry rWGaceRcInCagenH nigmanPaKrydIPk;pgEdr CamYynwg 1.5 én\dæ EdlminelIsBI 15 PaKry . 2. Ca bMEnk dI EdlmanTMhMtUcCag RKYs nigFMCadIPk; Edlman Ggát;p©it 1/16 eTA 2mm 3. CadMufμ EdlmanTMhMtUc²Edlman PaK eRcInenAsmuRTxSac; nigeqñrxSac; .

Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters. - Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters. - Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia.

Sapling kUneQIb:unefñal edImeQImankMBs; 4 1/2 feet nigGgát;p©it 4

inches . kUneQIb:unefñal TMhMFMCakUneQIbnþic EttUcCag eQIb:unbegáal emIl mature.


Sapwood RsTab;edImeRkAbg¥s; EdlmanenAkñúgedImeQI Edlrs; nig pSMBI ekasikars; nigCaPñak;garnaMykTwk eTAEpñkxagelI edImeQI . eQITn; rW Rsay manlkçN³Rsal nigBN’ RsalCageQIxøwm . emIl sap, translocation.





29


Savanna savanna, shrub savanna (n½ydUc) CavalesμAtMbn;TMnab tMbn;RtUBi rW GnuRtUBi EdlmanedImeQIduHCadMu² . emIl derived savanna, prairie, savanna woodland.


Sawn wood emIl : Round wood eQIGar tambeNþay GacmanépÞmUl rW minmUledayFmμCati GacmansMbk rW minmansMbk


Scientific name eQ μaHLataMgrbs;srIragÁ EdleRbIR)as;kñúgcMNat;fñak; . Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Second class wood eyagtamc,ab;éRBeQIkm<úCa (elx 35 éf¶ 25 Exmifuna 1988

PñMeBj ) CaRbePTl¥TIbI bnÞab;BIeQIRbNit nigeQIelxmYy EdlRtUv)an cat;Tukfa manKuNPaBx<s;CageK .


Sediment kkr 1. sarFatul¥it enAkñúgvtßúrav Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Seed RKab; RKab;BUC 1. EpñkmUl EdlTMu manGMRb‘Íy:ug sMbkRKab; nigCalikasarFatuciBa©wm


Seed storage viFIsaRsþénkarkarBarRKab;BUC edayrkSadMNuHenAkñúgry³ eBlCak;NamYy . karrkSaTukRKab;BUCGacrYmman dMeNIr karkñúgkarsMgYt rWkareRbIR)as;TUTwkkkCaedIm .


Seed tree 1. edImeQI EdlRtUv)anTuksMrab; pþl;RKab;BUC 2. viFIsaRsþ bnþBUC edayFmμCati emIl regeneration method.


Seedling 1. kUneQItUc² EdlduHBIRKab; nigduHlUtlas;CaeQIb:un efñal . cMNaM PaBxusKñarvagkUn eQI nigeQIb:unefñal minTan;RtUv)ankMNt;c,as;enAeLIgeT . enA\NÐa nigEpñkxøH énGaeRhVc vamankMBs;CagmYyEm:Rt enAkaNada Ggát;p©it

dbh man 1 cm. 2. kñúgkarGnuvtþenA kñúgfñal kUneQImin RtUv)andaMeLIgvijeT


Semi-arid tMbn;Bak;kNþalraMgs¶Üt sMedAelItMbn;TTYl kMritePøógRbcaM Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-arid,


30


qñaMTab (25 eTA 50 cm /10 eTA 20 in) nigsMbUres μAduHeRcIn . vaRtUv)anpþl;niymn½yeday Köppen climate classification.

2006

Semi-evergreen forest éRBBak;kNþaleRsag 1. éRB EdlmanedImeQIduHlayKña :

CaéRBeRsag nigéRBel,aH rW CMruHsøwkduHlayKña 2. éRBCMruH søwk rukçCatiCMrusøwkrbs;va Caerogral;qñaM

Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia. - Source: Forestry Compendium (Global Module), CAB International.

Sepal emIl : Calyx In flowers Rtbkpáa CaEpñkEdlEck Rtbk nigRsTab;páa EdlenAxageRkam . CYnkarminGacEbgEck )anrvagRtbk nigRsTab;cMeBaHRbePTrukçCatixøH .


Set(s) kUneQIlμmsMrab;daMduH: kUneQI EdlsmRsb nigmanGayul μmsMrab;daM ]TahrN_ kUneQI


Shade demanding = Fn;nwgmøb; : CasmtßPaBrukçCatikñúgduHlUtlas;enAeRkam møb;


Shade tolerance, shade tolerant: Fn;nwgmøb; CasmtßPaBrukçCatikñúgduHlUtlas;enAeRkammøb;


Shallow mineRCA: cenøaHrvagépÞelI nig)ateRkamtUc rW ceg¥ót . Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Shelterwood eQIpþl;CMrk eQIr)aMg 1. karkat;eQIpþl;CMrk: RbB½n§ Edl edImRtUv)aneRCIserIs sMrab;ry³eBlxøI edIm,IkarBareQI EdleTIbduHf μI 2. shelterwood systems, strip cutting

(n½ydUc): karkab;edImeQI edayTuknUvRbePTeQIxøH edIm,I pþl;møb;dl;kUneQItUc²CMnan;eRkay duHlUtlas; cMNaM : kareFIVRbRBwtþkmμ GacrYmman bIRbePTénkarkat; : (a) kar erobcM edayeRCIserIs KW kat;edIm,ITTYl)annUvplitkm μ



31


RKab;BUC (b) kardaMduH edayerobcMfñal nigbegáItnUvfñak; GayufμI (c) karkab;edImeQI edIm,IeGayeQIduHlUtlas;kat; bnßykarRbKYtRbECg karkat;RtUv)aneFIVCaÉksNæaneTAelI eQIQrmYy CadMu² nigCaCYr . 3. RbB½n§eQICMrkCa bnÞH rW qñÚt : RbB½n§enH KW kat;CabnÞH rW qñÚt² edIm,IkarBarxül;

Shelterwood systems (silviculture) eQIpþl;CMrk eQIr)aMg 1. karkat;eQIpþl;CMrk: RbB½n§ Edl

edImRtUv)aneRCIserIs sMrab;ry³eBlxøI edIm,IkarBareQI EdleTIbduHf μI 2. shelterwood systems, strip cutting

(n½ydUc): karkab;edImeQI edayTuknUvRbePTeQIxøH edIm,I pþl;møb;dl;kUneQItUc²CMnan;eRkay duHlUtlas; cMNaM : kareFIVRbRBwtþkmμ GacrYmman bIRbePTénkarkat; : (a) kar erobcM edayeRCIserIs KW kat;edIm,ITTYl)annUvplitkm μ RKab;BUC (b) kardaMduH edayerobcMfñal nigbegáItnUvfñak; GayufμI (c) karkab;edImeQI edIm,IeGayeQIduHlUtlas;kat; bnßykarRbKYtRbECg karkat;RtUv)aneFIVCaÉksNæaneTAelI eQIQrmYy CadMu² nigCaCYr . 3. RbB½n§eQICMrkCa bnÞH rW qñÚt : RbB½n§enH KW kat;CabnÞH rW qñÚt² edIm,IkarBarxül


Shifting cultivation ksikm μBencr ; kaingin (n½ydUc); kumri (n½ydUc); ladang

(n½ydUc); parcelero (n½ydUc); shamba (n½ydUc); taungya

(n½ydUc) CakardaMduH manlkçNCargVilCMu EdlGnuvtþenA tMbn;RtUBik edayeFIVkarkab;éRBeQI dut nigbnÞab;mk daMduH dMNaMksikmμry³eBl BImYyqñaM rW eRcInqñaM rYcpøas; eTAkEnøg epSg eTot edayeRbIviFIsaRsþdUcKañenH 1. ksikmμBencrmaneQμaHCaeRcIndUcCa chena (RsIlgáa), kaingin (hVIlIBIn), kumri (\NÐa), ladang (ma:eLsIu), parcelero (eBrUrIkU), shamba (eknya:), nig taungya (PUma)



32


2. RbsinkarGnuvtþenAkEnøgCak;lak;d_EdrenH vaRtUv)an ehAfa bush fallow system (eRcInenAGaRhic) emIl slash and burn, transhumance.

Shrub culøRBwkS CarukçCatiEdlanCaeQI nigmanTMhMtUc CagedIm eQI nigmankarFn;x<s; xusBIBBYkes μA emIl brush tree


Shrub land tMbn; EdlmaneQIduHlUtlas; CaRbePTrukçCati EdlxusBI edImeQI KW BBYkrukçCatitUc² EdlmanrWseRcIn CMnYseGay edImEtmYy .


Silt dIPk; 1. dI EdlmanGgát;p©it 0.002 eTA 0.05 mm (0.00008

eTA 0.002 in) 2. vaynPaBdI mandIPk; 80 PaKry < 12

PaKryén\dæ emIl sand


Silvicultural system RbB½n§rukçvb,kmμ 1. CaKMerag RbRBwtþkmμ kñúgdaMduH EfrkSa RbmUlpleQI sMKal; RbB½n§enH eyageTAtam cMnYnfñak; Gayu (karduHExg PaBesμ IGayu nigminesμ IGayu) rW viFIsaRsþ eFIVeGayduHeLIgvij (clear-cutting, seed tree, shelterwood, selection, coppice, coppice with reserves) used.

2. eKalkarN_GnuvtþRbB½n§rukçvb,kmμ EdleQIRtUv )anEfTaM nigRbmUlpl


Silviculture rukçvb,km μ Casil,³ nigviTüasaRsþkñúgRKb;RKgkardaMduH lUtlas; smasFatu suxPaB nigKuNPaBrbs;eQI edIm,IbMeBjtMrUvkar GñkRKb;RKg nigsgÁm .


Silvopastoralism Agrosilvopastoralism, silvopastoralism (n½ydUc):

TMrg;énksirukçkmμ EdlrYman edImeQI dMNaMksikmμ nigkarcBa©wmstV n½ydUc agrosilvopasture –emIl silvopastoralism.


Site tMbn; TItaMg TIkEnøg KWCakarRbmUlpþúMKañ énPavrs; Gakas Fatu zanelxa niglkçN³dI rbs;tMbn; . site class, site





33


index (n½ydUc) a classification of site quality, bgðajeday edImeQIQe EdlmankMBs;x<s; nigmankMeNInmaDx<s; . site preparation ground clearance (n½ydUc) karkab;sMGat edayéd rW ma:sIun edIm,ICMrujeGayrukçCati CMnan;eRkaylUt las; cMnaM kareFIV RbRBwtþkm μ rYmman kardut kar)aj;fñaMKImI karkab; kareRsacTwk karras; nigkardaMduHrukçCati edIm,I begáIt nUvlkçx½NÐsmRsbsMrab;karlUtlas;rbs;RbePT KuNPaBtMbn; KWCaplitPaBrbs;tMbn; EdlsMKal; kMritlUt las;maDrbs;RbePT n½ydUc site productivity.

Sodic soil dImansUlüÚm 15 PaKry EdlGacedaHdUr)annigelIsBI 50

PaKry énsUlüÚm nigma:ejsüÚm enAkMrit 50 cm BIépÞdI

Source: http://www.fao.org, 2006

Softwood eQITn; eQIes<at CaedImeQIenAkñúgRkum gymnosperm Edl rYmman BBYkRsl; hemlocks, larches, spruces, firs, nig

junipers . eQITn;EtRtUv)anehAfa conifers eTaHbIman RbePTxøH dUcCa junipers nig yews minmanEpøCalkçN³ ekank_eday . cMnaM 1. BaNiC¢km μeQITn; CaRbePTlMdab; Coniferales 2. eQITn; manlkçN³dUcKña nigsrésnMaC½r tambeNþayeQI emIl hardwood, lumber, nonpored wood.


Soil chemistry 1. bNþMúsarFatuKImI rW lkçN³KImIrbs;dI 2. viTüasaRsþ EdlsikSaBIlkçN³KImIrbs;dI


Soil hydrology karsikSaGMBIkMritTwkkñúgdI : viTüasaRsþsikSaBIsarFatu r)a:y kareRbIR)as; nigclnarbs;TwkenAkñúgdI


Soil improvement dMeNIrkar rW lT§pl EdleFIVeGay dImanplitPaBkan;Et x<s;sMrab;karlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM dUcCakarbEnßm CI RbB½n§ eRsacRsBCaedIm .

Source: English Khmer Technical Glossary for Agriculture, Men Sarom (ed.), 1999, Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project.


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Soil morphology lkçN³rUbrbs;dI EdlmandUcCa TMrg; vaynPaB CaedIm . Source: English Khmer Technical Glossary for Agriculture, Men Sarom (ed.), 1999, Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project.

Species (biology RbePT sp (GkSkat;); sp. (GkSkat;); spp (GkSkat;); spp.

(GkSkat;) emIl : Classification; Genus; Species complex

RbePTmYyénstV rW rukçCati GkSkat; sp. (Ékvcn³) or spp.

(Bhuvcn³) RbsinenA 'spp.' enAeRkayeQ μaHePT mann½yfa maneRcInCagmYyRbePT enAkñúgePTenH .


Specific gravity plEck éndg;sIuet (TMgn;eQIkñúgmYyxñatmaD ) éneQI eTAnwgdg;sIuetTwk enAkMrit 4°C (39.2oF)


Stake(s) 1. begÁaltUc Edle)aHelIdI : begÁaledateTAelIdICacMNaM GIVmYy 2. begÁalsMrab;rgbnÞúk: RtUv)andak;enAelIreTH sMrab;pÞúknUv dMueQI


Stalk stalk, stipitate (KuNnam); stipe (TMrg;epSg²Kña) Stem

(TMrg;epSg²Kña) Tg edIm emIl : Tiller; Shoot


Stamens ekseQμal : CasrIragÁbnþBUCeQμal rbs;páa EdlmanbMBg;eks nigeksenAkñúgenaH .


Starch CatiemSA Cakarlayén polysaccharides nigman glucose

EdlbegáItCaGaharbMrugsMrab;rukçCati cMNaM CatiemSAman enA kñúgeQIRsay EdleFIVeGayvagayrgkarvayRbhal BIstVl¥it


Stem edIm tYedIm emIl bole, branch, burl, tree. Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters.

Stipule Stipule, stipulate (KuNnam) xñaysøwk CaEpñtUc EdlduHenA Kl;Tgsøwkrbs;rukçCati EdlmansøwktUc² enAelIEmk enA eBlvaRCuH .



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Stone drupe, drupelet (sub-term); stone fruit (n½ydUc) Epørwg EdlmanRKab;rwgEtmYy rW eRcIn


Subphylum CacMNat;fñak;Rkum rvag phylum nig class Source: wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

Tangential 1. éntg;süg;. 2. muxkat;tg;süg; Edlkarkat;min kat;tam EpñkkNþarbs;eQI


Tannin Tannins, gallo-tannins (n½ydUc); gallotannins (n½ydUc);

tannic acids (n½ydUc) sarFaturav EdlmanlkçN³saMujaMu mankñúgsøwk sMbk Epø rWs rWEpñkepSgeTot . BYkvamannaTI Ca situ prophylactics enAkñúgCalikarrukçCati . BBYkvaRtUv )an eRbIsMrab; BaNiC¢kmμeTotpg .


Taproot Tap root, taproot (n½ydUc) rWsEkv 1. rWsTImYyrbs;rukçCati EdlduHecjBI radicle 2. rWssMxan; duHecjBIrukçCati


Taungya KsikmμBencr manGtßn½ydUcBakdUcCa; kaingin, kumri,

lading , parcelero, shamba, taungya KWCakardMaduHCavdþ EdlRtUv)anGnuvtþenAtMbn;RtUBik enAkEnøg EdlGñkdaMduH kab;edImeQIdut nigdaMdMNaMksikmμsMrab;ry³eBlmYy rW eRcInqñaM muneBlpøas;bþÚreTAkEnøgepSgeTot edIm,IeFIVskmμPaBd_Edr enH . 1. ksikmμBencrmaneQ μaH edImkMeNItCaeRcIn dUcCa chena (RsIlgáa), kaingin

(hVIlIBIn), kumri (\NÐa), ladang (ma:eLsIu), parcelero (eb:rU rIkU), shamba (eknya:) nig taungya (PUma) 2. RbsinebI GnuvtþenAkEnøg EdlmanCMrkCak;lak; nigvdþeTogTat; enaHRbB½n§RtUv)anehAfa bush fallow system (eRcInenAGa eRhVc) CaTMrg;énxYbvilCMu – emIl slash and burn,

transhumance .



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Taungya agroforestry 1. KWCakardMaduHCavdþ EdlRtUv)anGnuvtþenAtMbn;RtUBikenA kEnøg EdlGñkdaMduH kab;edImeQIdut nigdaMdMNaMksikm μ sMrab;ry³eBlmYy rW eRcInqñaM muneBlpøas;bþÚreTAkEnøgepSg eTot edIm,IeFIVskmμPaBd_Edr enH . 2. CaRbB½n§daMduHrbs; PUma EdléRBRtUv)ankab; nigdutsMrab;kardaMduH ry³eBl mYyeTABIrqñaM eTIbTukecal eGayduHéRBeLIgvij .

Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters. - Source: World Book 2004 (Deluxe), 2003.

Taungya system (silviculture)

= agri-silviculture, taungya method, taungya

kardaMduHedImeQI layCamYydMNaMksikm μ Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters.

Taxonomic Position 1. RkuménsarBagÁkay: viTüasaRsþcat;fñak;rukçCati stV nigmIRkUsrIragÁ CaBYk rW Rkum EdleyageTAtamlkçN³ . karcat;fñak;fμ I²enH KWEp¥kelIlkçN³esenTic 2.

eKalkarN_ énkarcat;fñak; 3. sikSaBIcMNat;fñak;


Taxonomy cMNat;fañk; karcat;fñak;sarBagÁkary rYmmankareFIV GtþsBaØaN nigkardak;eQμaHCaedIm . emIl morphology, phylogeny, taxon, variety


Terete relag ragsIuLaMg nigragRsYc ]TahrN_ edImrbs;esμA Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Thinning karkab;rMelaH karkab;edayEpñknUvRbePTeQI EdlminTan; eBjv½y begáItnUvpleQI tamry³karepþatCasMxan;eTAelI eQImYy² thinning crown thinning (n½ydUc); free thinning

(n½ydUc); mechanical pulp (n½ydUc); mechanical thinning

(n½ydUc); selection thinning (n½ydUc); thinning from above

(n½ydUc); thinning from below (n½ydUc) kareFIVRbRBwtþkmμ edImeQI edaykat;bnßydg;sIuetrbs;edIm edIm,IbegáInkarlUtlas; eFIVeGaymansuxPaBl¥ nigkat;



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bnßyGaRtasøab; karkab;rMelaHrYmman : a) karrMelaHeday sarFatuKImI : edImeQI Edlmincg;)anRtUv)an sMlab;eday fñaMsMlab;rukçCati dUcCa edIkekag rW xUcRTg;RTayCaedIm b)

rMelaHkenSamsøwk : kat;bnßynUvkenSamsøwk Edllb; edImeGayrukçCatiepSg² duHlUtlas;)anl¥ n½ydUc thinning

from above, high thinning c) karkab;rMelaHedayesrI : kab;edImeQI edIm,IbegáIt cenøaHsmRsbsmsMrab;karlUt las; d) karkab;rMelaHEpñkeRkam : kab;edImeQIenARsTab; eRkam edIm,IeFIVeGayRsTab;elIduH)anl¥ n½ydUc thinning

from below e) karrMelaHedayemkanic: karedIm Edlman Gayu esμ I nigmiesμ IKña CaCYr² edayeRbIcenøaHmYyCak;lak; - n½ydUc geometric thinning f) kab;rMelaHedayeRCIserIs : edImeQIRtUv)ankab; cMeBaHRbePT EdlmankenSamsøwklb; edIm,IeGayeQIxageRkamlUtlas; n½ydUc dominant thinning.

Timber 1. eQI nigedImeQIQr 2. eQI EdlGacykmk eRbICaeQI Gar CagkareRbICa eQIfamBl .


To harden off eFIVeGayrukçCatisaMunwglkçx½NÐxageRkA : eFIVeGayrukçCati smRsbnwglkçx½NÐxageRkA dUcCa PaBRtCak; xül BnøW muneBlykvaeTAdaMduHenAxageRkA .


To season karsMgYtmuneBleRbIR)as; karsMgYteQImuneBleRbIR)as; Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Trade Name = søaksBaØa (yIeha) énRbePTeQI fñaMsMlab;stVl¥it nigplitplepSg²eTot EdleRbIelIplitpl edayGñkplit . plitplmYyGacmanyIehaeRcIn .


Transverse crosswise: bnÞat;BuH Source: Encarta Dictionary

Tools.


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Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation.

Tree emIl : Shrub KWCaedImeQIFM manCatieQI mantY edImmYy rW BIr nigmanEmk (PaBxusKñarvagKum<RBwkS nigedImeQItUc enAminTan;manPaBCak;lak;enAeLIyeT )


Tree nursery, nursery fñalbNþúHkUneQI CakEnøgEdlbegáItsMrab;bNþúHkUneQItUc² EdlrYmTaMgkar bNþúHedaymanrWs nigkñúgfg; sMrab;kardaMduH . EdlmankUneQI rW fñalsab rW manTaMgBIr . emIlBakü

field nursery .


Tree spacing 1. cenøaHedImeQI CacenøaH EdledImeQIRtUv)andaM BImYyeTA mYy 2. karerobCacenøaHénedImeQI . cenøaHedImeQIGacRtUv)ansMrYlenA edaykarkab;rMelaH .

Source: Encarta Dictionary Tools. Microsoft®Encarta®2006. ©1993-2005 Microsoft Corporation. - Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Trifoliate trifoliolate, EdlmansøwkcMnYnbI Source: Forestry Compendium

(Global Module), CAB International.

Two-aged stand tMbn;daMduH edImeQI Edlmanfñak;GayuBIrxus²Kña Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters.

Two-aged system kareFVIRbRBwtþikm μ eQI rWRKb;RKgeQIeGaymanfñak;GayucMnYn BIr .


Umbellate Cacegáampáa EdlmanragdUcq½Rt : k,alpáa EdlmanragdUc q½Rt EdlpáamYy² manTgxøI ²


Uneven-aged eQI EdlmanGayuxus²Kña cMNat;fñak;Gayucab;BIbIeLIgeTA nigcMruHcMNat;fañk; .


Uneven-aged stand eQI EdlmanGayuxus²Kña cMNat;fñak;Gayucab;BIbIeLIgeTA nigcMruHcMNat;fañk; .


Uneven-aged system Uneven-aged system selection cutting (n½ydUc); selection

Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.),


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felling (n½ydUc) kareFIVEpnkar daMduHeQIeGaymanlMdab; GayueRcIn CagbI fñak;xus²Kña emIl regeneration method (4. uneven-aged methods, single tree selection and group selection).

1998, The Society of American Foresters.

Untoothed bnÞHsøwk Edlrelag nigKμaneF μjenACaysøwk . Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Valve 1. EpñkénRKab; EdlmanEpøKYr : karEcksMbkRKab; rW Epø eGayecjBIKña 2. snÞHbMBg;eks: snÞH EdledIrtYnaTICa KMrb bMBg;eks 3. EpñkénCBa¢aMgekasika: manBIrEpñk ehIy

silica minGaceCobcUl)an EdlvamanlkçN³Ca KMrbrbs; RbGb; .


Vegetative propagation karbnþBUCedaysrIragÁ eday\tePT EdlmandUcCa

BnøkExñg bMe)A karbNþúHkMNat;Emk kardaMCalikar nigkarpSaMEmk . emIl ³ asexual reproduction, clone, coppice, cutting, scion, topophysis.


Veneer vIna CasnøwkeQIesþIg ² EdlrYmbBa¢ÚlKña eGaymankMras; Rkas; tamry³karkat; CacMNit² edayrNa emIl peel, peeler.


Vessel srés TMrg;énbMBg;nMaTwk enAkñúgrukçCati ekItmancMeBaH rukçCatimanpáa nigBBYk ferns EdlnaMTwk nigsarFatuEr: Edl rlay qøgkat;rukçCati begáItCaEpñk énCalikar xylem .


Wasteland 1. dI EdlminGaceRbIR)as;)an BIeRBaHrukçCatiminGac duHlUt las;)an elIkElg EtesμA edaymankarbMBul nigsarFatu BuleRcIneBk . 2. dI EdlKμankardMaduH dITeT K μanrukçCati . eRkamkarukran RKb;RKgminRtwmRtUv dI]sSah¾km μCaedIm .

Source: Environment Words, Glenda Kupczyk-Romanczuk (ed.), Images Asia. - Source: English Khmer Technical Glossary for Agriculture, Men Sarom (ed.), 1999, Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project.

Water stress emIl: Wilt Stress KWkarrgeRKaHedaysarTwkminRKb;RKan; sMrab;tMrUvkarrbs;rukçCati . Gacmanry³eBlxøI rW Evg .


Waterlogged karCaMTwk kardk;Twk : dI EdllicTwkCaRbcaM rW mYyry³ . Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.


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RsTab;fμ rWdI\dæ GackarBarTwk BIkareRCob cUlkñúgdI . dI EdlCaMTwkGacCa]bsKÁdl;karlUtlas;rbs;rukçCati

Wavy sMedAeTAelIbnÞHsøwk EdlmanCaysøwk Tn;rag ehIyekag Source: Definition of Digital Species Production Team, 2006.

Whorled ragCargVg;vil Rkumsøwkya:gticbI P¢ab;nwgG½kSragCagrgVg; rW KUCxüg . CaBakü sMedAelIelIkartMerob rbs;søwk CMuvijEmk .


Windbreak r)aMgkarBarxül; 1. kardaMedImeQICar)aMg sMrab;Tb;Tl;xül; eQIGacduHedayFmμCati rW sib,nimi μt 2. edImeQIdaMCaCYr sMrab;rkSa elOnxül;

Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters. - Source: The dictionary of Forestry, John A.Helms (ed.), 1998, The Society of American Foresters.

Winged Edlmansøab : RbePT Edlmansøab . RKab;eQICaeRcIn mansøabsMrab;BRgayRKab;BUC tamxül; . dUcCaRKYsar Dipterocarpaceae


Wood eQI 1. sarFaturwgmansrés zitenAeRkamsMbk rbs;edImrW Emk . manPaBrwgmaMu nigCaGñknaMykTwkeTAeGayCalik edIm nigrWs . 2. CaRkumeQI EdlduHlUtlas; Cit²Kña man tUc FM EtmanlkçN³tUcCagéRB . BaküfatMbn;éRB ( wood

land) KWmann½ydUc woods EdlRtUv)aneRbIR)as;tamtMbn; . sMPar³ rW sarFatu EdlplitkñúgedIm nigEmkénedImeQI .

Source: English Khmer Technical Glossary for Agriculture, Men Sarom (ed.), 1999, Cambodia-IRRI-Australia Project. - Source: Terminology of Forest Science, Technology Practice and Products, F.C.FORD-ROBERTSON, 1971, Society of American Foresters

Wood classification RbB½n§cMNat;fñak;RbePTeQI eyagtamlkçN³vinicä½y . cMNat;fñak;eQIkm<úCa (eyagtamc,ab;éRBeQI énRbeTskm<úCa elx 35, 25 mifuna 1988 PñMeBj)

cat;fñakdUcxageRkaym : a) eQIRbNit b) eQIelxmYy c)

eQIelxBIr d) eQIelxbI e) eQIminmancMNat;fñak;


Wood properties sarFatu EdkTak;TajGñkeRbIR)as;eQI dUcCa PaBFn; BN’ dg;sIuet sréseQI nigkareRbIR)as; . GñkeRbIR)as;xøH

Source: http://www.farmforestline.com.au, 2006


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cab;GarmμN_ eTAelI karcMlgGKÁIsnI PaBFn; nigPaBrwg . Wood Vessel CabMBg; EdlmanCatieQI mannaTInaMTwk enAkñúgrukçCati rW

naMyknUvsarFatu Er:Edlrlayqøgkat;rukçCati .


Wooden tools sMPar³ EdlmanCatieQI rW plitmkBIeQI . ]TahrN_ sMPar³ksikm μ EdleFIVBIeQI dUcCa n½gÁl dgrNa nigcb .


English-Khmer Forestry Glossary

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