v-: .. English Gramma+i,i. in Use A self-study reference and practice book for intermediate students

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W I T H A N S W E R S

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Cambridge University Press Cambridge New York Port Chester

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Present continuous (I am doing) Present s~mple (I do)

8 Will or going to? 9 When and If sentences (When 1 do ... / I f I do ... ) 10 Will be doing and will have done 4 1 Past simple (I did) 12 Past continuous (I was doing) 13 Present perfect (I have done) (1) 14 Presentperfect (I have done) (2) 15 Present perfect (I have done) (3) 16 Present perfect connnuous (I have been doing) 17 Present perfect cont~nuous (I have been doing) or present perfect s~mple 18 Present perfect (I have done 11 have been doing) with how long, for and

it 19 Presenr with how long and p a s simple wlth when Since and for

) o r pa3t slmple (I did)? (1) ) or past ~imple (I did)? (2)

14 Have and have got nit 25 Used to (I used to do)

nission, offer5 and lnvttntlons

ha\ nce

done)?

Conditionals Unit 36 If sentences (presentjfuture) Unit 3 7 If and wish sentences (present) Unit 38 If and wish sentences (past)

Unit 39 Would Unit 40 In case Unit 41 Unless, as long as and provided/providing (that)

Passive Unit 42 Passive (1) (be done / have been done) Unit 43 Passive (2) (present and past tenses) Unit 44 Passive (3) Unit 45 It is said that ... / H e is said to ... etc. and supposed to

Unit 46 Have something done

Repovted speech Unit 47 Reported speech (1) Unit 48 Reported speech (2)

Questions Unit 49 Questions (1) Unit 50 Questions (2) (Do you know where ... ? / H e asked me where ... ) Unit 51 Auxiliary verbs in short answers, short questions etc.

So am I / Neither am I I think so / I hope so etc. Unit 52 Question tags (are you? doesn't he? etc.)

-ing and the infinitive Unit 53 Verb + -ing Unit 54 Verb + infinitive Unit 55 Verb + object + infinitive Unit 56 Infinitive or -ing? (1) -like, would like etc. Unit 5 7 Infinitive or -ing? (2) -hegin, start, intend, continue, remember, try Unit 58 Infinitive or -ing? (3) -he afraid, need, help Unit 59 Preposition + -ing Unit 60 Verb + preposition + -ing Unit 61 Expressions + -ing Unit 62 Be/get used to something (I'm used to ... ) Unit 63 Infinitive of purpose - 'I went out to post a letter.'

So that - 'I hurried so that I wouldn't be late.' Unit 64 Prefer and would rather Unit 65 Had better do something

It's time someone did something Unit 66 See someone do and see someone doing Unit 67 -ing clauses - 'Feeling tired, I went to bed early.' Unit 68 Chance and opportunity .

T I Articles Unit 69 Uncountable nouns (gold, music, advice etc.)

Unit 70 Countable nouns with a/an and some Unit 71 A/an and the Unit 72 The ( l ) Unit 73 The (2) Unit 74 Plural and uncountable nouns with and without the (flowers / the flowers,

music /the music) Unit 75 Hospital / the hospital, school / the school etc. Unit 76 Geographical names with and without the Unit 77 Names of streets, buildings etc. with and without the

Unit 78 Unit 79 Unit 80 Unit 81

' Unit 82 !

Unit 83 l unit 84

Unit 85 Unit 86

* Unit 87

Singular or plural? ... 'S (apostrophe S) and ... of ... 'A friend of mine', 'my own house' On my own / by myself Reflexive pronouns (myself / yourself etc.) All / all of, no /none of, most / most of etc. Both / both of, neither / neither of, either / either of Some and any Some/any + -one/-body/-thing/-where No/none/any No/any + -one/-body/-thing/-where Much, many, little, few, a lot, plenty AII, every and whole

Relative clauses Unit 88 Relative clauses (1) -clauses with who/that/which

, Unit 89 Relative clauses (2) -clauses with or without who/that ; Unit 90 Relative clauses (3) -whose, whom and where 1 Unit 91 Relative clauses (4) - 'extra information' clauses (1)

Unit 92 Relative clauses (5) -'extra information' clauses (2) Unit 93 -ing and -ed clauses ('the girl talking to Tom', 'the man injured in the accident')

Adjectives and adverbs Unit 94 Adjectives ending in -ing and -ed (boringhored etc.) Unit 95 Adjectives: word order ('a nice new house')

Adjectives after verbs ('Do you feel tired?') Unit 96 Adjectives and adverbs (1) (quick/quickly) Unit 97 Adjectives and adverbs (2) (good/welI, fast/hard/late, hardly) Unit 98 So and such Unit 99 Enough and too Unit l00 T o + infinitive after adjectives Unit 101 Comparison (1) -cheaper, more expensive etc. Unit 102 Comparison (2) Unit 103 Comparison (3) -as .. as /than Unit 104 Superlatives - the longest, the most enjoyable etc.

Word order Unit l05 Word order (l) -verb + object; place and time Unit 106 Word order (2) -adverbs with the verb

Unit 107 Still and yet Any more / any longer / no longer Unit 108 Quite and rather Unit 109 Although/though/even though In spite of 1 despite Unit 110 Even Unit 11 1 As (reason) -'As I was feeling tired, I went to bed early.

As (time) -'I watched her as she opened the letter.' Unit 112 Like and as Unit l 1 3 As if

Prepositions Unit 114 At/on/in (time) Unit 115 For, during and while Unit 116 By and until By the time ... Unit 117 In/at/on (position) (1) Unit 11 8 In/at/on (position) (2) Unit l l 9 To, been to, into By car / in my car Unit 120 On time / in time At the end / in the end Unit 121 Noun + preposition ('reason for', 'cause o f etc.) Unit 122 Preposition + noun ('by mistake', 'on television' etc.) Unit 123 Adjective + preposition (1) Unit 124 Adjective + preposition (2) Unit 125 Verb + preposition ( l ) Unit 126 Verb + preposition (2) Unit 127 Verb + preposition (3) Unit 128 Verb + object + preposition (1) Unit 129 Verb + object + preposition (2)

Unit 130 Phrasal verbs (get up, break down, fill in etc.)

Appendix 1 List of present and past tenses 264 Appendix 2 Regular and irregular verbs 265 Appendix 3 Spelling 267 Appendix 4 Short forms (I'm, you've, didn't etc.) 269 Appendix 5 American English 270

Key 271

Index 320

The numbers in the index refer to units, not pages.

afan 69-71 alan and the 71

able (be able to) 26 accuse (of) 60b, 128 adjectives 94-104

adjectives + should 35d the + adjective 73b adjectives ending in -ing and -ed 94 order of adjectives 95 adjectives after verbs 95c adjectives and adverbs 96-7 adjectives + infinitive 100 comparatives 101-3 superlatives 104 adjectives + preposition 123-4

admit 53 advantage (oflin) 121 adverbs 96-7

adverbs and adjectives 96-7 comparatives 101-2 position of adverbs with the verb (always,

also etc.) 106 advice (uncountable) 69d advise 55c afraid (of) 123

afraid to do and afraid of doing 58a I'm afraid solnot S ld

after followed by present simplelpresent perfect after -ing 59b

ago 19a agree (+ infinitive) 54a all 82,87,106c

all (of) 82 all, euery and whole 87 position of all 106c

alleged 45a allow 55c already (with the present perfect) also (position of also) 106 although 109 always (position of always) 106 amazed

amazed + infinitive lOOc amazed atlby 123

American English Appendix 5 an see a angry (aboutlwithlfor) 123

320

annoyed (aboutlwithlfor) 123 any 82,84-S

any (of) 82 any and some 84 not ... any 85 any andno 85a any + comparatives 85d any morelany longer 107b anyonelanybodylanythinglanywhere 84-5

apologise (for) 60a, 125 apostrophe (in short forms) Appendix 4 apostrophe S ('S) 79 appear (+ infinitive) 54 apply (for) 125 approve (of -ing) 60a arrive 118e articles (alanlthe) 69-77

alan 69-71 alan and the 71 the 72-7 the + adjective 73b the + nationality words 73c flowers l the fiwers etc. 74 hospital l the hospital etc. 75 the with geographical names 76 the with streets, buildings etc. 77

as as ... as (in comparative sentences) 103 as (reason) l l l a as (time) l l l b, c as and like 112 as if1 as though 113 assoonas 9 as long as 41 b, c

ashamed (of) 123 ask

ask in passive sentences 44a ask (someone) to do something 48c, 55a ask howlwhat + infinitive 54d ask for 128

astonished astonished + infinitive lOOc astonished atlby 123

at a t (time) 114 at (position) 117-18 at the end and in the end 120h

attitude (toltowards) 121

to bed) 75c, 118b, 115

ion of both 106c (uncountable) 69d

ess (on business) 122

after the passive 42a

ar l by bus etc. 11 9d accident / by chance I by mistake lay by Shakespeare etc. 122

4

Index

charge (with) 128 cheque

a cheque for ... 121 by cheque 122

church (church 1 the church) 75 collide (with) 125 comparatives 101-3

comparatives with anylno 8Sd comparatives with euen l lOc

complain (tolabout) 125 concentrate (on) 125 conditional sentences (if sentences) 9, 36-8 congratulate (on) 60b, 128 connection (withlbetween) 121 conscious (of) 123 consider (-in& 53 considered (it is considered that) 45a consist (of) 125 contact (withlbetween) 121 continue (+ infinitive or -ing) 57a contractions (short forms) Appendix 4 corner (inlatlon the corner) 117d could 26, 27,28b, 29c, 31

could in if sentences 36c, 37d, 38c countable and uncountable nouns 69 crash (into) 125 crowded (with) 124

damage (to) 121 dare 54c decide

decide + infinitive 54 decide against -ing 60a

delighted delighted + infinitive lOOc delighted with 123

demand (a demand for) 121 deny 53 depend (on) 125 despite 109 did (in past simple questions and negatives)

1 lc, 49b die (of) 125 diet (on a diet) 122 difference (between) 121 different (fromlto) 124 difficulty (have difficulty -ing) 61 direct speech and reported speech 47-8, Sob disappointed

disappointed + infinitive lO0c disappointed with 123

discuss (no preposition) 127 dislike (-ing) S6a

Index

divide (into) 128 doldoes (in present simple questions and

negatives) Zb, 496 dream

dream of -ing 60a dream ahoutlof 126

during 115

each ( o f ) 82 eachother 81c -ed clauses 93 either (o f ) 83

not ... either Slc either ... or 83e

elder 102b eldest 104c encourage SSc end (in the end and at the end) 120b engaged (to) 123 enjoy ( -kg) S3a, S6a enough 99 enter (no preposition) 127 envious ( o f ) 123 even 110

euen iflwhen 1 10d even though 109c, 110d

ever (with the present perfect) 14a every 87 everyone/everybodyleve~ything 87 excited (about) 123

excited and exciting 94 expect

I expect so 1 I don't expect so 51d expect + infinitive 55a

expected (it is expected that) 4Sa experience (countable and uncountable)

69c explain S4d, 128

fail (+ infinitive) 54a famous (for) 124 fancy (-ing) S3a farm (on a farm) 118b fast 97b fed up (with) 123 feel

feel like 60a feel + adjective 9Sc

few (o f ) 82, 86 few and little 86a few and a few 86d

finish (-ing) S3a fire (on fire) 122

first it's the first time I've ... 14b the firstlsecond + infinitive lOOb

fond ( o f ) 124 for 115

for with the present perfect 14c, 16b, 18, 19 for and since 19b for and dnring 115a

forget (+ infinitive) 54 forgive (for) 60b frightened ( o f ) 123 front (inlatlon the front) 117e full ( o f ) 124 furious (aboutlwithlfor) 123 furniture (uncountable) 69d . further 102a future 4 1 0

present tenses for the future 4 going to S will 6-7 will and shall 7b will and going to 8 when and if sentences 9 will be doing (future continuous) 10 will haue done (future perfect) 10d

generous 100d, 123 geographical names with and without the 76 gerund see -ing get

get in the passive 44d get something done 46b get someone to do something SSb get used to 62 get + adjective 9Sc get inloutlonloff 11 9d

give (in passive sentences) 44a give up (-ing) S3a glad (+ infinitive) lOOc R 0 -

go -ing 61 go on holiday l go for a walk etc. 122 go on -ing S3a

going to 5, 8 going to and will 8 waslwere going to Sc

gone to and been to 13d good

goodat 123 good of someone to do something, (be) good

to someone 123 good and well 97a it's no good -ing 61

Index

make and let + infinitive (without to) 5Sd verbs followed by the infinitive or -ing 56-8 infinitive of purpose (I went out to post a

letter) 63 adjectives + infinitive 100 infinitive in reported speech 48c

information (uncountable) 69d -ing

verbs + -ing 53 verbs followed by -ing or the infinitive 56-8 prepositions + -ing 59 to -ing 59e verbs +preposition + -ing 60 expressions + -ing 61 used to -ing 62 -ing clauses 67, 93 being (done) (passive) 44c

insist insist + should 35c insist on -ing 60a

in spite of 109 intend (+ infinitive or -ing) 57a interested

interested and interesting 94 interested in 124

into 119c invitation (to) 121 invite (+ infinitive) 55b involve (+g) 53 irregular verbs Appendix 2 it's no good / it's no use -ing 61 it's time ... 65b it's worth -ing 61

jealous (of) 123 just

just with the present perfect 13c just going to 5 just as l l l b , c just in time 120a

keen (on) 124 keep (on) -ing 53a kind (kind ofsomeone to do something I be

kind to someone) 123,100d

late and lately 97b laugh (at) 126 learn (how) (+ infinitive) 54a leave (for) 128 let (+ infinitive) 55d Like (verb)

like doing l to do 56b

Index

like (cont.) would like 31d, 55% 56c, d

like (preposition) (like and as1 112 listen (to) 126 little 86

little and few 86a little and a little 86d

live (on) 126 long

as long as 41b, c no lonzer l not ... any longer 107b

look look forward to 59e, 60a look + adiective 95c look as i f ' 113 look atlforlafter 126

lot (a lot l lots) 86b love

love doing1 to do 56 would love 56c, d belfall in love with 122

luggage (uncountable) 69d

make (make someone do something) 55a manage (+ infinitive) 54a many (and much) 86 married (to) 123 may 29-31

may as well 30c mayl? 31b

mean (verb + infinitive) 5Sa mean (adjective - mean of someone to do

something1 be mean to someone) 123 means (noun) 78c meet 81b might 29-30

might as well 30c might in ifsentences 36c, 38c

mind (-kg) 53a, 56a mine/yonrs etc. (a friend of minelyours) 80a more

more in comparatives 101-2 not ... any more 107b

most most (of) 82 most in superlatives 104

much (and many) 86 must 28,32-3

must and can't 28 must and have to 32 mustn't 32c, 33a

myselflyourself etc. (reflexive pronouns) 81 by myself1 by yourselfetc. 80c

need need to do and need doing 58b a need for 12 1

needn't needn't and mustn't 3.3 needn't have (done) and didn't need to (do)

33d negative questions 49c neirher (of) 83

neither am I, neither do I etc. 51c neither ... nor 83e

never never with the present perfect 14 position of never 106

news 69d,78c nice (nice of someone to do something I be nice

to someone) 123,100d

no no and none ( o f ) 82,85b noandany 85a no-onelnobodylnothinglnowhere 85 no with comparatives 85d no longer 107b

none (of) 82,85 nor

noram I, nor do Ietc. 51c neither ... nor 83e

nouns [countable and uncountable) 69

o f ofand -5 79 all o f l none o f l most of etc. 82 both of1 neither of1 either of 83 a friend o f minelyours etc. 80a

offer offer in passive sentences 44a offer + Infinitive 54a

on on (time) 114 on (position) 117-18 on time and in time 120a on in other expressions 122

oneanother 81c only (position o f only) 106 opinion (in my opinion) 122 opportunity 68 ought to 34e, 35a own 80

on my own l on your own etc. 80c

paper (countable and uncountable) 69c participle clauses (-ing and -ed clauses) 67, 93

st continuous passive 43 perfect (had done) 22

a photograph 117a hotograph of someone 121

used + infinitive lOOc

fter the passive 42a

rbs + prepositions + -ing 60 epositions in relative clauses 89b, 92a

:t and

Index

prepositions after a superlative 104d like and as 112 atlonlin (time) 114 atlonlin (position) 117-18 for and during l l5a by (the time) 116 by and until 116a to 119 into 119c by car 1 by bus etc. 119d on time and in time 120a at the end and in the end 120b noun + preposition 121 preposition + noun 122 adjectives + preposition 123-4 verbs + preposition 125-7 verbs + object + preposition 128-9

present continuous (I am doing) 1 present continuous and present simple 3 present continuous for the future 4 present continuous passive 43

present perfect 13-21 present perfect simple (I have done) 13-15 present perfect continuous (I have been doing)

16-1 7 present perfect simple and continuous 17 present perfect with how long?, for and since

18-1 9 present perfect and past simple 19-21 present perfect after a superlative 14a, 104d present perfect with this morning, today etc.

15c, 2 l b present perfect passive 43

present simple (I do) 2 present simple and present continuous 3 present simple for the future 4b present simple passive 43

pretend (+ infinitive) 54 prevent (from), 60b prison (prison I the prison) 75 probably

probably with will 7a position of probably 106

progress (uncountable) 69d promise

promise ... will 6b promised ... would 39b promise + infinitive 54a

protect (fromlagainst) 129 proud (ofl 123 provide (with) 129 provided/providing 41b, c put off (&g) 53a

Index

questions 49-50 present simple questions 2b past simple questions l l c negative questions 49c embedded questions (Do you know what ... ?)

5Oa reported questions 5Ob question tags 52

quite 108

rather would rather 64c, d rather and quite 108

reaction (to) 121 reason (for) 121 recommend

recommend + should 35c recommend + infinitive or -ing 55c

reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself etc.) 8 1 by myself, by yourself etc. 80c

refuse (+ infinitive) 54a regard (as) 129 regret (-ing) regular and irregular verbs Appendix 2 relationship (withlbetween) 121 relative clauses 88-92 rely (on) 126 remember

remember + infinitive or -ing 57b remember howlwhat + infinitive 54d

remind remind + infinitive 55b remind oflabout 129

reported (it is reported) 45a reported speech 47-8,50b

reported questions 5Ob responsible (for) 124 rise (in) 121 risk (&g) 53a

'S (apostrophe S) 79 said (it is said that) 45a same (the same as) 103c satisfied (with) 123 say (and tell) 48b (see also said) scenery (uncountable) 69d school (school l the school) 75 sea (sea l the sea) 72b search (for) 127 seaside (at the seaside) 1 18 b see (see someone doldoing) 66

seem seem + infinitive 54 seem + adjective 95c

sentence (sentence someone to) 124 series 78c shall and will 7b shocked (atlby) 123 short (of) 124 short forms (I'm, you've, didn't etc.)

Appendix 4 should 34-5 shout (atlto) 127 show

show in passive sentences 44a show someone howlwhat + infinitive 54d

similar (to) 124 since 18-19

since and for 19b how long is it since ... ? 19c

singular and plural 78 smell

smell something -ing 66 smell + adjective 95c

smile (at) 126 SO

so am I, so do I etc. 51c I think so, I hope so etc. 51d so that 63c so + adjective + that 98b so and such 98

solution (to) 121 some

some (of) 82 some and any 84 someonelsomebodylsomethinglsomewhere

84 some with countable nouns 70

sorry sorry + infinitive lOOc sorry aboutlfor 124 feel sorry for 124

sound sound + adiective 95c sound as if ' 113

space 72b speak (to) 127 species 78c spelling (with endings) Appendix 3 spend (spend timelmoney) 61, 129 spite (in spite o f ) 109 stand (can't stand) 56a start (start + infinitive or -ing) 57a still (and yet) 107

in passive sentences 44a (how) + infinitive SSb

someone to do something 48b, someone what to do S4d

Sed, the sky etc. 72b

+ nationality words 73c ruers l the flowers etc. 74

SSb

- -.

Index

even though 109c, 1lOd threaten (+ infinitive) 54a throw (tolat) 129 till (= until) 9a

tillluntil and by 1 1 6a time

it's the first time I've ... 14b it's time ... 65b on time and in time 120a

tired (of) 124 to + infinitive see infinitive to 119a

to -ing 59e too and enough 99 translate (fromlinto) 129 travel 69d trouble (uncountable) 69d try (+ infinitive or -ing) 57c

uncountable nouns 69 understand (howlwhat + infinitive) 54d university 75, 11 8 b unless 41 until

until with the present simple 9a until and by 116a

upset (about) 123 use (it's no use -ing) 61 used

used to do 25 belget used to 62

usually (position o f usually) 106

verbs see also future, past, present, passive etc.

verbs not used in continuous tenses 3b irregular verbs Appendix 2 list o f present and past tenses Appendix 1

wait (for) 127 want S5a warn

warn someone (not) to do something 55b warn someone against doing something 60b warn someone about something 129

wadwere 11 waslwere going to Sc waslwere able to 26h was and were in if sentences 37c

waste (waste timelmoney, a waste of timelmoney) 61 ~ ~

weather (uncountable) 69d well 97a

Index i!- -

were (used after Ilhelshelit) 37c, 113d what

what in questions 49b what and which (relative clauses) 92c

and that (relative clauses) 89c when

when followed by the present simple I present perfect 9

when and if Yc, 36d where (in relative clauses) 90c, 9 1c whether 50 which

which in questions 49b which in relative clauses 88, 91, 92

while 115b who

who in questions 49b who in relative clauses 88-9, 9 1 who and whom in relative clauses Yob

whole 87c,d whom 90b, 9 lc, 92

all of whom etc. 92b whose (in relative clauses) 90a, 91c why

why don't youlwe 2e, 4% why in relative clauses 90e

will 6 , 7 will you? 6b will and shall 7b will and going to . 8 iuill in if and when sentences 9 will be doing (future continuous) 10 will have done (future perfect) 10d will in the passive 42c

wish 37-8,39a wish ... would 39a

without -ing 59d won't (= will not) 6-7 word order

have something done 46 questions 49 embedded questions (Do you know what ... ?)

5Oa reported questions 50b order of adjectives 95 verb and object together 105a place and time 105b position of adverbs with the verb (also, always

etc.) 106 word order with phrasal verbs (fill in a form,

fill a form in. fill it in) 130b work (no;n) 69d, 75c, i18b, 119a worried (about) 123 worse 102a worst 104b worth (it's wortl7 -iirg) 61 would 39

would you like? I'd like 31d would like + infinitive 55a, 56 would lovelhatelprefer + infinitive would prefer 64b would rather 64c, d would in if sentences 36-8 wish ... would 39a

write (to) 127

yet yet and still 107 yet + present perfect 15b