Preposition 8418

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Transcript of Preposition 8418

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    GII T- C L BN CHA BIT

    Cc bn thn mn ! Ni n gii t hu ht nhng ngoi hc ting Anh u ngn ngmi v sa dng v kh nhca n. Chng ta thong hc gii t bng cch lm lt chny mt t ,ch kia mt t m khng c mt s h thng bi bn d nh.Khi ni v gii t ta thong ngh ngay n : in, at, on ..v..v ch c bao gibn ngh rngcc ch: saving, notwithstanding, thm ch l in order to li l gii t !

    NHNG SAI LM THNG GP KHI DNG GII T

    1)Suy lun tcch dng gp trc :V d :Trc ta gp : worry about : lo lng n sau gp ch : disscuss _____ ( tho lun ) th l ta suy ra t cu trn m nabout vo, th l sai.2)Khng nhn ra l gii tthay i v thy cng mt danh t:V d:Trc ta gp : in the morningTh l khi gp : ___ a cold winter morning, thy morning nn chn ngay in => sai ( ngra phi dng on )

    3) ting Vit nh hng :Ting Vit ni: lch s i ai nn khi gp : polite (lch s ) lin dng ngay with ( vi ) =>sai ( ng ra phi dng to )

    V cn rt nhiu vn khc na lm cho chng ta bi ri khng bit u m ln.u bn cng thybi ri nh mnh th ti sao chng ta khng cng nhau tm hiu k

    cng v chng nh ?

    GITL G ?Ngi ta thong ni bit ngoi bit ta, trm trn trm thng vy truc khi hc v gii ta phi bit n l g, cng thc, cu to . th no th mi thng n oc ch phikhng cc bn ?NH NGHA :Gii t l (nhng) chng trc mt danh t ( hoc tng ng danh t ) to ra slin h gia chng.

    V d :

    I lie on the bedu khng c git on th cu s khng r ngha, ngoi c s khng bit ti nm trnging, bn cnh hay. bn di ci ging ! trn ta c nhc n t tng ng danh t i sau gii t, vy chng l nhng chno ?TN NGCHO GII T:Nhng chi sau gii t ta gi chng l tn ng (tc t ) cho git, chng c th lnhng loi sau:

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    1)Danh t : ( noun )The book is on the table2)i t ( pronoun )I worry about her3)Trng t : ( adverb )

    I will wait for you till tomorrow4) ng danh t ( gerund )I dream ofwinning a lottery5) m t ( phrase )He will not pay me till after the meal6) nh ( clause )I only recognized him by the way he spoke

    HNH THC CA GII T

    1)Gii tn ( simple prepositions )L gii tc mt ch: in, at, on, for, from, to, under, over, with 2)Gii ti ( doubleprepositions )L gii tc to ra bng cch hp 2 gii tn li :Into, onto, upon, without, within, underneath, throughout, from among The boy runs into the room : thng b chy vo trong phngHe fell onto the road : anh ta t xungngI chose her from among the girls : ti chn c y trong s cc c gi3) Gii tkp ( compound prepositions )L gii tc to thnh bng tip u nga hoc beAbout, among, across , amidst, above, against,Before, behind, beside, beyond, beneath, between, below4)Gii tdo phn t( participle prepositions )According to ( ty theo), during ( trong khong ), owing to ( do ), pending ( trongkhi , saving = save = except ( ngoi tr), notwithstanding ( mc d ) , past ( hn,qua ) considering ( xt theo ) concerning ( vn , v ) regarding ( v vn )touching ( vn ), excepting = except ( ngoi tr)She is very intelligent, considering her age. ( xt theo tui th cy rt thng minh )5) Cm tc dng nhgii t:

    Gii t loi ny bao gm c mt cm t :Because of( bi v )By means of( do, bng cch)In spite of(mc d)In opposition to ( i nghch vi )On account of( bi v )In the place of( thay v )In the event of( nu m )In the event ofmy not coming, you can come home.( nu m ti khng n th anh c v)

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    With a view to ( vi nh )With the view of( vi nh )I learn English with the view ofgoing abroad.( ti hc TA vi nh i nc ngoi)For the shake of( v )I write this lesson for the shake ofyour progress. ( ti vit bi ny v s tin b ca cc

    n)On behalf of( thay mt cho)On behalf ofthe students in the class, I wish you good health ( thay mt cho tt c hcsinh ca lp, em xin chc c c di do sc khe)In view of( xt v )In view ofage, I am not very old. ( xt v mt tui tc, ti cha gi lm )With reference to ( v vn , lin h ti)I send this book to you with reference to my study.( ti a bn quyn sch ny c lin hn vic hc ca ti. )

    6) Gii ttr hnh:

    y l nhm gii tc n trong hnh thc khc:At 7 o'clock ( o' = of)Lc 7 gi( s 7 a ci ng h )

    Cc bn ! khi ti hi : in l loi t g, hu ht cc bn s khng ngn ngi tr li ngay :gii tv khi ti ni n cng l trng tnhiu bn t v ngc nhin. u chng tchng ta cn nhm ln gia gii t v trng t do chng c cng hnh thc. K sau chngta s cng nhau tm hiu v vn ny nh.

    NGHA CA 1 S GII T

    During = trong sut (hot ng din ra lin tc) From = t >< to = n

    From ... to ...= t ... n... (dng cho thi gian v ni chn)From time to time = i khi, thnh thong

    Out of=ra khi>< up to date = mi, cp nhtOut of work = tht nghip, mt vicOut of the question = khng thOut of order = hng, khng hot ng

    By:ng t ch chuyn ng + by = i ngang qua (walk by the library)ng t tnh + by = gn (your books are by the window)by + thi gian c th = trc lc, cho n lc (hnh ng cho n lc phi xyra)by + phng tin giao thng = i bngby then = cho n lc (dng cho c QK v TL)

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    On the one hand = mt mt thon the other hand = mt khc th(On the one hand, we must learn the basic grammar, and on the other hand, wemust combine it with listening comprehension)on sale = for sale = c bn, bn

    on sale (A.E.)= bn h gi = at a discount (B.E)on foot = i b At = ti

    At + s nhAt + thi gian c thAt home/ school/ workAt night/noon (A.E : at noon = at twelve = gia tra (she was invited to the partyat noon, but she was 15 minutes late))At least = ch t, ti thiu >< at most = ti aAt once =ngay lp tcAt present/ the moment = now

    Ch : 2 thnh ng trn tng ng vi presently nhng presently se khc nhau ngha nu n ng cc v tr khc nhau trong cu:Sentence + presently (= soon): ngay tc th ( She will be here presently/soon)Presently + sentence (= Afterward/ and then) : ngay sau (Presently, I heard herleave the room)S + to be + presently + Ving = at present/ at the moment ( He is presently workingtoward his Ph.D. degree)At times = i khi, thnh thongAt first = thot u >< at last = cui cngAt the beginning of / at the end of... = u/cui (dng cho thi gian v am).At + tn cc ngy l : at Christmas, at Thanks Giving...Nhng on + tn cc ngy l + day = on Christmas day ...Trong dng informal E., on trc cc th trong tun i khi b lc b: She isgoing to see her boss (on) Sun. morning.At/in/on thng c khng dng trong cc thnh ng ch thi gian khi c mt:next, last, this, that, one, any, each, every, some, allAt + a m : at the center of the buildingAt + nhng a m ln (khi xem n nh mt ni trung chuyn hoc gp g):The plane stopped 1 hour at Washington D.C. before continuing on to Atlanta.At + tn cc to nh ln (khi xem nh 1 hnh ng s xy ra ch khng p n to nh) : There is a good movie at the Center Theater.At + tn ring cc t chc: She works at Legal & General Insurence.At + tn ring ni cc trng shoc khu vc i hc: She is studying at theLondon school of Economics.At + tn cc hot ng qui t thnh nhm: at a party/ lecture...

    t s cc thnh ng dng vi gii tOn the beach: trn bbinAlong the beach: dc theo bbinIn place of = Instead of: thay cho, thay v.

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    For the most part: chnh l, ch yu l = mainly.In hope of + V-ing = Hoping to + V = Hoping that + sentence = vi hi vng l.off and on: dai dng, ti hiall of a sudden= suddenly = bng nhinfor good = forever: vnh vin, mi mi.

    PHN BIT GII TV TRNG TGii t v trng t thng c hnh thc ging nhau, do chng ta cn phn bit chngnh sau:

    GII TLun c tc t theo sau:

    I sit on the chair.There are 4 people in my family.TRNG T

    Thng ng sau ng t v khng c tc t theo sau.

    Put the gun down.Go on !Price goes up.

    PHN BIT GII TV LIN T

    Khng nhng gii t d b ln ln vi trng t m n cn b ln ln vi lin t.

    GII Tng trc m danh t hoc mt cm t.

    LIN Tng trc mt mnh .

    He sat before me. (gii t)He had come home before I went to school. ( lin t )t s lin t khi i qua gii t th thay i v hnh thc:I was late because It rained. ( lin t )I was late because ofthe rain. ( gii t )I learn English in order that I can go abroad. (lin t )I learn English in order to go abroad. (lin t )Please do as I have told you. ( lin t )I like friends like them. ( gii t )

    PHN LOI GII T1) Gii tch thi gian:

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    At : vo lc ( thng i vi gi)On : vo ( thng i vi ngy )In : vo ( thng i vi thnh, nm, ma, th k )Before: trcAfter : sau

    During : trong (khong) ( i vi danh t ch thi gian )During the dayDuring the holiday.Since : ( thng i vi thi m )since 2005.Till : cho n ( thng i vi thi m )By : trc ( thng i vi thi m )By the end of this week.From : ( thng i vi to )From Monday to Sunday.Pending : trong khi

    Pending my arrival, He greeted me warmly ( khi ti n anh ta cho ti nhit tnh)2) 1) Gii tch ni chn:2) Gii tch ni chn:At : i ( dng cho ni chn nh nhtrng hc, sn bay...)In : trong (chbn trong ) , (ni chn ln thnh ph, quc gia, chu lc...)in the box ( trong hp)In Vietnam ( VN )In HanoiOn : trn (c tip xc b mt )On the tableOn the shelfIn front of: pha trcBehind : pha sauNear : gnOver : Ngay pha trn (khng tip xc b mt )Under : ngay diUnder the tableBeside : bn cnhAbove : trnBelow : diBetween : giaAmong : trong ( t3 yu t trln )He is among my teachers ( ng y l trong s nhng thy gio ca ti)Across : bn kiaThere is a cottage across the field ( c mt cn chi bn kia cch ng )Next to: k bn3) Gii tch schuyn dch:To : nFrom : Across : ngang qua

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    He swims across the river. ( anh ta bi ngang qua sng)Along : c theoAbout : quanh qunHe walked about the schoolyard ( anh ta i quanh qun sn trng )Into : vo trong

    He ran into the room ( anh ta chy vo trong phng)Through : xuyn quaOut of : ra khiRound : quanhToward : v pha

    3) Gii tch th cch:With : iWithout : khng, khng cAccording to: theoIn spite of: mc d

    Instead of: thay v4) Gii tch mc ch:To : In order to : For : dm, dm choLet me do it for you : ti lm n dm cho bn.So as to:

    5) Gii tch nguyn do:Thanks to : nhThanks to your help, I passed the exam : nhs gip ca bn m ti thi u.through : do, vDon't die through ignorance : ng cht v thiu hiu bit.Because of: i vOwing to : nh, do Owing to the drought,crops are short: v hn hn nn ma mng tht btBy means of: nh, bng phng tin

    NHNG SAI LM THNG GP KHI DNG GII TDO NH HNGA TING VIT

    1) Khi dng ch CHO :Ta c thi quen khi gp ch CHO l hay dng FOR. u ny cng ng trong nhiutrng hp nhng nhiu lc li sai. trnh nhng sai lm ny mnh s lit k nhngch c ngha CHO nhng li dng TO.- The answer to a question : cu tr li cho 1 cu hiA solution to : gii php cho- Interresting to sb : th v cho ai- No good to sb : khng ch li g cho ai.

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    - Describe sth to sb : m t ci g cho ai.- Suggest to sb : gi cho ai- Hold out sth to sb : a ci g cho ai- Be enslaved to sb : lm n l cho ai- Be inadequate to sth : khng cho

    - Fasten a crime to sb : ti cho ai.

    2) Khi dng ch I :Khi gp ch I ta hay dng WITH, sau y l nhng lisai thng gp trong trng hp ny:

    Smile at sb : mm ci i ai.At full speed : i tc ti aAt any cost : i bt c gi noKind to sb : t t i aipolite to sb : lch s i ai

    Impolite to sb : khng lch s i aiRude to sb : th l i ai

    ngha mt s gii t:

    about:Ngha th nht:Xung quanhI looked about her :ti nhn xung quanh c y

    Ngha th hai:

    Khp ni, quanh qunHe walked about the yard. hn i quanh sn.

    Ngha th ba:Khong chngIt is about 3 km : khong 3km

    Ngha th t:What do you think about that? bn ngh g vu ?

    Against:Ngha th nht:Chng li, tri vistruggle against ... u tranh chng li

    Ngha th hai:ng phiHe ran against the trunk :hn chy ng vo gc cy.

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    Ngha th ba:a voI placed her her against the trunk :Ti c y a vo gc cy.

    Ngha th t:So viThe class now has 50 students against 40 last years : lp c 50 hc sinh so vi 40 hcsinh nm ngoi.

    Ngha th nm:Chun b, dtrI saved $2,000 against my study next year : ti dnh 2.000 chun b cho vic hcm sau.

    At:

    Ngha th nht:i ( ni chn )The teacher is at the desk: c gio ang ti bn lm vic.

    Ngha th hai:Lc ( thi gian)I get up at 6.00 : ti thc dy lc 6 gi.

    Ngha th ba:Thnh ngch trng thiAt work : ang lm vicAt play : ang chiAt oen's prayers : ang cu nguynAt ease : thoi miAt war : ang c chin tranhAt peace : ang ha bnhNgha th t:Thnh ngch chiu hngRush at sb : lao v pha aiPoint at : ch voThe teacher pointed at me : c gio ch vo ti.

    Ngha th mThnh ngch s lngI estimated the class at 50 : ti lp hc chng 50 ngi.

    BY:

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    Ngha th nht: bn, cnhI sat by her : ti ngi nh c y

    Ngha th hai:TrcYou must come here by ten o'clock: bn phi n y tc 10gi.

    Ngha th ba:Ngang quaShe passed by my house : c y i ngang qua nh ti.

    Ngha th t:iThe cake was made by me : ci bnh c lm i ti.

    Ngha th nm:chI took her by the hand. ti nm tay c y

    Ngha th suTheoDon't judge people by their appearances : ng xt ngi theo b ngoi.

    Ngha th yCh so lngThey sell beer by the litter : h bn bia tnh theo lt.

    t s thnh ng:Little by little : dn dnday by day : ngy qua ngyTwo by two : tng 2 ci mtby mistake : do nhm ln.Learn by heart : hc thuc lng.FORa) V , cho :I bring something for you : ti mang vi th cho anhb) ch thi gian:I have lived here for 2 years : ti sng y c 2 nmc) Ch nguyn do:I was punished for being lazy : ti b pht v lid) Ch chiu hng :

    She left for Hanoi : c y i HNe) Ch strao i :

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    I paid $3 for that book : ti tr 3 mua quyn sch

    FROMA) (mt ni no )I went from home : ti t nh n y

    b) Ch ngun gcI am from Hanoi : ti t HN nc) + thi gian :From Monday to Saturday : t th hai n th byd) Ch skhc bit :I am different from you : ti khc vi bne) Ch nguyn nhn

    I suffer from headaches : ti b nhc uShe acted from jealousy : c ta hnh ng v ghen t

    INa) Ch ni chn:Khng gian :Trong :In the house : trong nha m: dng cho cc ni ln nh lng, x trlnQun : in district 1 : qun nhtnh, thnh: in Dalat city : thnh ph DLQuc gia : In Vietnam : VNChu lc : in Asia : chu Th gii : In the world : trn th giib) Ch thi gian:Bui : In the moning thng trln: in May , in spring, in 2008, in the 19th century.c) Ch trng thi:Be in debt : mc nBe in good health : c sc kheBe in danger : b nguy himBe in bad health : hay au yuBe in good mood : ang vui vBe in tears : ang khcd) Mt s thnh ngkhcIn such case :trong trng hp nh thIn short, in brief : tm liIn fact : tht vyIn other words : ni cch khcIn one word : ni tm liIn all: ng cngIn general : ni chungIn particular : ni ring

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    BI TPn c th tham kho sch : "Bi Tp Gii T Ting Anh"

    i Xut Bn : Nxb i hc Quc gia H Ni

    Tc Gi : NGUYN THI HANgy xut bn : 2004. trang : 209Kch thc : 14x20 cmTrng lng : 200(gr)Hnh thc ba : Ba Mm

    Cn y l mt bi tp cbn bn th sc nh!!1. Can you deliver the goods ... next Thursday?by

    toatonuntil

    2. We have just received a big order ... 50 machines.foraboutafter

    overon

    3. There is no chance of selling the goods ... that price.

    withtoafter

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    aton

    4. If I miss the bus, I'll come ... foot.at

    bytoonwith

    5. It depends ... the interest rate.atontofrom

    with

    6. He's talking ... the phone.onattowithin

    7. You can fly to Dublin ... London.

    byoverviainper

    8. There was a very interesting programme ... TV yesterday.byonin

    atover

    9. Diana is working as a hostess ... the Trade Fair.overwithto

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    aton

    10. You live ... London, don't you?by

    onataboutin

    11. He came from London ... the train.viaonwithin

    by

    12. Congratulations ... your promotion.withtoonoverfor

    13. She's away ... a business trip until next Tuesday.

    withonattofor

    14. Jack is looking .... the children whilst his wife is in hospital.overatfor

    afterto

    15. He's unemployed ... the moment.foratinto

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    into

    16. We don't expect you to work ... Christmas Eve.to

    onforatin

    17. I think you should complain ... the manager about the bad service.fortowithover

    at

    18. I met her ... a party in Cannes.uptoatinon

    19. She is very good ... English.

    atinonforwith

    20. It's the biggest diamond ... the world.inoffor

    overon