Engineering Design Project

8/10/2019 Engineering Design Project

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Subterranean Hotel

Mark Dominic T. Terre

Philip Francis C. Sumaculub

Sherwin James Tumugdan

Roberto Belarmino, Jr.


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Table of Contents

Chapter Page

Abstract 3

1 INTRODUCTION OF THE STUDY 4

Background of the Study 5

Statement of the Problem 6

Significance of the Study 6

Delimitation of the Study 7

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITIRATURE 8

Hotel 9

Types of Hotels 10

Unique Hotels 11

Solar Cells 14

Photovoltaic Hotel 15

Wind Mill 19

Wind Turbine 19

3 METHODOLOGY 21

Materials and Tools 22

Design of Scale model 23

4 THE PROPOSED PROJECT 24

Proposed Site 25

Description 26

Cost for Actual Construction 26

5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 27

REFERENCES 28


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Abstract

This project aimed to create a miniature of a hotel situated under the surface.

This subterranean hotel is a set of floors hosting private bathrooms and private patios

constructed from steel and concrete. The seven floors have been totally buried

underground only leaving the parking lot and the power reservoir visible in the surface.

This provides both insulations to the rooms and a minimization of the visual impact of

the hotel on the landscape. The deeper the floor, the more expensive it become.

Alternative source of energy is used, such as solar cell and wind turbine, making it eco-

friendly.


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Chapter 1

Introduction of the Study

Chapter One is divided into five parts: (1) Background of the Study; (2)

Statement of the Problem; (3) Significance of the Study; and (4) Delimitation of the

study.

Part One, Background of the Study, presents the rationale and the reasons why

the study is being conducted.

Part Two, Statement of the Problem, describes the general goal of the study and

specific to be answered.

Part Three, Significance of the Study, enumerates the different beneficiaries and

the corresponding benefits that can be derived from the study.

Part Four, Delimitation of the Study, identifies the scope and limitation

encountered during the actual construction of the miniature. It identifies the materials,

location and time used in the study.


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Background of the Study

A hotel is an establishment that provideslodging paid on a short-term basis. The

provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a

cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with

modern facilities, including bathrooms andair conditioning orclimate control.Additional

common features found in hotel rooms are atelephone,an alarm clock, a television, a

safe, a bar with snack foods and drinks, and facilities for making tea and coffee. Luxury

features include bathrobes and slippers, apillow menu, twin-sink vanities,

andJacuzzi bathtubs. Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a

swimming pool, fitness centre, business centre, childcare, conference facilities and

social function services.

Underground hotels are an attractive alternative to traditional hotel for some

people, especially those who are looking to minimize negative impact on the

environment. Besides the novelty of living underground, some of the advantages of

underground structures include resistance to severe weather, an exceptionally quiet

living space, an unobtrusive presence in the surrounding landscape, and a nearly

constant interior temperature due to the natural insulating properties of the surrounding

earth. The greatest draw for most, however, is the energy efficiency and environmental

friendliness of such structures. Because of the stable subsurface temperature of the

Earth, heating and cooling costs are often much lower in an underground house than in

a comparable above-ground house.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillow_menuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacuzzihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacuzzihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillow_menuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodging


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When combined with solar design, it is possible to eliminate energy bills entirely.

Initial building costs are also often exceptionally low, as underground building is largely

subtractive rather than additive, and because the natural materials displaced by the

construction can be recycled as building materials.

Statement of the Problem

This aimed to construct a miniature of subterranean hotel.

Specifically, this study sought to answer to this question?

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the structure?

Significance of the Study

This study will be beneficial to the following?

Hotel Owners. This study can give them new way in improving their business.

This can also help them in saving lot amount of money because this structure has its

own power source.

Civil Engineers. This study will give them new ideas and design. They can

conduct future studies about the structure and possibly improve it for future generations.


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Delimitation of the Study

This study aimed to construct a miniature of subterranean hotel. This study also

determines the advantages and disadvantages of the subterranean hotel. It further aims

to determine impact of the subterranean hotel to our environment.

The materials that were in this study were illustration board, aluminium foil,

cartolina, felt paper, plywood, barbecue stick, toothpick, folder, and chip board. The

miniature was constructed at San Isidro, Jaro, Iloilo City. The researchers were limited

into constructing the miniature.


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Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

Chapter Two was divided into five parts: (1)Hotel; (2)Solar Cells; (3) Photovoltaic

Effect; (4) Windmill and Wind Turbines.

Part One, Hotel, describes about hotel and its type.

Part Two, Solar Cells, describes about solar cell.

Part Three, Photovoltaic Effects, defines photovoltaic effects.

Part Four, Windmill and Wind Turbines, describes windmill and wind turbines.


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Hotel

A hotel is an establishment that provideslodging paid on a short-term basis. The

provision of basic accommodation, in times past, consisting only of a room with a bed, a

cupboard, a small table and a washstand has largely been replaced by rooms with

modern facilities, including bathrooms andair conditioning orclimate control.Additional

common features found in hotel rooms are atelephone,an alarm clock, a television, a

safe, a bar with snack foods and drinks, and facilities for making tea and coffee. Luxury

features include bathrobes and slippers, apillow menu, twin-sink vanities,

andJacuzzi bathtubs. Larger hotels may provide additional guest facilities such as a

swimming pool, fitness centre, business centre, childcare, conference facilities and

social function services.

Hotel rooms are usuallynumbered (or named in some smaller hotels andB&Bs) to

allow guests to identify their room. Some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board

arrangement. In the United Kingdom, a hotel is required by law to serve food and drinks

to all guests within certain stated hours. In Japan,capsule hotels provide a minimized

amount of room space and shared facilities.

Types of Hotels

Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality

companies that operate hotels have set widely accepted industry standards to classify

hotel types. General categories include the following;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillow_menuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacuzzihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_and_breakfasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bed_and_breakfasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room_numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacuzzihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillow_menuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_controlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodging


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Conference and resort hotels often contain full-sized luxury facilities with full service

accommodations andamenities.

Examples may include:Conrad Hotels,InterContinental Hotels,Ritz-

Carlton, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts,Dorchester Collection, JW Marriott

Hotels,StarwoodWestin Hotels,Hilton,Marriott,andHyatt

Historic Inns andboutique hotels often contain luxury facilities of varying size in

unique or intimate settings with full service accommodations.

Select Service

Examples may include:Holiday Inn,Courtyard by Marriott andHilton Garden Inn

Limited Service

Examples may include:Hampton Inn,aloft,Holiday Inn Express,Fairfield

Inn,Four Points by Sheraton,andDays Inn

Extended Stay

Examples may include:Staybridge Suites,Homewood Suites by

Hilton,Residence Inn by Marriott,element,andExtended Stay Hotels

Timeshare

Examples may include:Hilton Grand Vacations,Marriott Vacation Club

International,Westgate Resorts,Starwood Vacation Ownership, and Disney

Vacation Club

Destination Club

Botelsfloating hotels.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference_and_resort_hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterContinental_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritz-Carltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritz-Carltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Seasons_Hotels_and_Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorchester_Collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starwood_Hotels_and_Resorts_Worldwidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westin_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Hotels_%26_Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutique_hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtyard_by_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Garden_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday_Inn_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield_Inn_by_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield_Inn_by_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Points_by_Sheratonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staybridge_Suiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homewood_Suites_by_Hiltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homewood_Suites_by_Hiltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residence_Inn_by_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_by_Westinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Stay_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timesharehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Grand_Vacationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Vacation_Club_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Vacation_Club_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westgate_Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Starwood_Vacation_Ownership&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Vacation_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Vacation_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destination_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Vacation_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney_Vacation_Clubhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Starwood_Vacation_Ownership&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westgate_Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Vacation_Club_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Vacation_Club_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Grand_Vacationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timesharehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Stay_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Element_by_Westinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residence_Inn_by_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homewood_Suites_by_Hiltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homewood_Suites_by_Hiltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staybridge_Suiteshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Days_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Points_by_Sheratonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield_Inn_by_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairfield_Inn_by_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday_Inn_Expresshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Garden_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courtyard_by_Marriotthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutique_hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyatthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriott_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilton_Hotels_%26_Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westin_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starwood_Hotels_and_Resorts_Worldwidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JW_Marriott_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorchester_Collectionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Seasons_Hotels_and_Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritz-Carltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritz-Carltonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterContinental_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conference_and_resort_hotels


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Some unique hotels:

Tree house Hotels

Some hotels are built with living trees as structural elements, for example the Treehotel

nearPite,Sweden, the Costa Rica Tree House in the Gandoca-Manzanillo Wildlife

Refuge,Costa Rica; theTreetops Hotel inAberdare National Park,Kenya; theAriau

Towers nearManaus,Brazil, on theRio Negro in theAmazon; and Bayram's Tree

Houses inOlympos,Turkey.

Straw bale Hotels

In Nax Mont-Noble, a little ski resort situated on 1300 metres in the Swiss Alps,

construction for the Maya Guesthouse started in October 2011. It will be the first hotel in

Europe built entirely with straw bales. Due to the insulation values of the walls it will

need no heating.

Bunker Hotels

TheNull Stern Hotel inTeufen,Appenzellerland,Switzerland and the Concrete

Mushrooms inAlbania are former nuclearbunkers transformed into hotels.

Cave Hotels

The Cuevas Pedro Antonio de Alarcn (named after theauthor) inGuadix, Spain, as

well as several hotels inCappadocia, Turkey, are notable for being built into

naturalcave formations, some with rooms underground. The Desert Cave Hotel

inCoober Pedy, South Australia is built into the remains of anopal mine.

Capsule hotels
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pite%C3%A5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Ricahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treetops_Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdare_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariau_Towershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariau_Towershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Negro_(Amazon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympos_(Lycia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_Stern_Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teufen_ARhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appenzellerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunkershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Antonio_de_Alarc%C3%B3nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappadociahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coober_Pedy,_South_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coober_Pedy,_South_Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cappadociahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadixhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Antonio_de_Alarc%C3%B3nhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bunkershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albaniahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appenzellerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teufen_ARhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null_Stern_Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympos_(Lycia)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Basinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Negro_(Amazon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariau_Towershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariau_Towershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdare_National_Parkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treetops_Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Ricahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pite%C3%A5


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Capsule hotels are a type of economical hotel that are found in Japan, where people

sleep in stacks of rectangular containers.

Igloo, Ice and Snow hotels

The Ice Hotel inJukkasjrvi,Sweden,and the Hotel de Glace in Duschenay, Canada,

melt every spring and are rebuilt each winter; the Mammut Snow Hotel in Finland is

located within the walls of theKemi snow castle; and the Lainio Snow Hotel is part of a

snow village nearYlls,Finland.

Garden Hotels

Garden hotels, famous for their gardens before they became hotels, include Gravetye

Manor, the home of garden designerWilliam Robinson, andCliveden, designed

byCharles Barry with a rose garden byGeoffrey Jellicoe.

Underwater Hotels

Some hotels have accommodation underwater, such asUtter Inn inLake Mlaren,

Sweden.Hydropolis, project cancelled 2004 inDubai, would have had suites on the

bottom of thePersian Gulf, andJules' Undersea Lodge inKey

Largo,Florida requiresscuba diving to access its rooms.

Railway Hotels

Frequently, expanding railway companies built grand hotels at their termini, such as

the Midland Hotel, Manchester next tothe former Manchester Central Station, and in

London the ones aboveSt Pancras railway station andCharing Cross railway station.

London also has theChiltern Court Hotelabove Baker Street tube station; there are
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukkasj%C3%A4rvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yll%C3%A4shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Robinson_(gardener)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clivedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Jellicoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utter_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_M%C3%A4larenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropolishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules%27_Undersea_Lodgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Largohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Largohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_divinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland_Hotel,_Manchesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Central_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chiltern_Court_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Street_tube_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_Street_tube_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chiltern_Court_Hotel&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charing_Cross_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Pancras_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Central_railway_stationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland_Hotel,_Manchesterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_divinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Largohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Largohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules%27_Undersea_Lodgehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropolishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_M%C3%A4larenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utter_Innhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Jellicoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Barryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clivedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Robinson_(gardener)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden_hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yll%C3%A4shttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swedenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jukkasj%C3%A4rvihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_hotel


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Solar Cell

Solar cells are a semiconductor devised to convert light to electric current. It is a

specially constructed diode, usually made of silicon crystal. When light strikes the

exposed active surface, it knocks electrons loose from their sites in crystal. Some of the

electrons have sufficient energy to cross the diode junction and having done so, cannot

return to positions on the other sides of the junctions without passing through an

external circuit. Since the current obtained from these devices is small and the voltage

is low, they must be connected in large series-parallel arrays (solar panel) if useful

amounts of energy are to be converted (Reference, 2011).

Solar cells are used to generate using the sun, which is a renewable source of

energy, in place of using non-eco-friendly methods like burning fossil fuel. The

increasing use of solar cell technology to produce energy gives a clear indication of the

increasing awareness about the declining level of fossil fuel and their impact on the

environment. Today, the electricity produced through solar technology is being used to

power homes, hotels, cars and appliances. This has made solar technology to be one of

the most important advances in technology in recent times (Solarcell, 2011).

The amount of power generated by solar cells is determined by the amount of

light falling on them, which is in turn determined by the weather and time of day. In the

majority oof cases some of form of energy storage will be necessary. In a Grid-

connected system, the solar array is connected to the mains. Any surplus power is sold

to the electricity company, and power is bought back from them when it is needed. In a

Stand-alne system, however, this is not possible. In this type the usual choice for


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energy storage is the lead-acid battery. The number and type of batteries is dependent

on the amount of energy storage needed (Solar-power-answers, 2011).

Modern solar cells are based on the semiconductor physics. They are basically

just P-N junction photodiodes with a very large light-sensitive area. The photovoltaic

effect, which causes the cell to convert light directly into electrical energy, occurs in the

energy-conversion layers (Encyclobemia.Solarbotics, 2011).

Today more homeowners and business owners are realizing the economic and

environmental benefits of using solar cell technology to their advantage. In addition, this

has given a strong impetus to the fast improvements being made in this industry. Just a

few years have seen solar power technology emerging as a high priority on the list of

both homeowners and business-owners. With the dramatic increase in the of

conventional electricity and the creeping factor of unreliability and shortage of supply,

solar cell technology has offered the ideal solution to all these problems. There is no

doubt that solar energy is the power source of the future, but how fast one embrace it

into mans life determines the amount of saving of man and environment would be

making (Solarcell, 2011)

Photovoltaic Effects

The photovoltaic effect is the creation ofvoltage orelectric current in a material

upon exposure tolight. Though the photovoltaic effect is directly related to

thephotoelectric effect, they are different processes. When the sunlight or any other

light is incident upon a material surface, the electrons present in the valence band of the

metallic atom absorbs energy and, being excited, jump to the conduction band and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_bandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_currenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage


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generated current is exactly balanced by the forward bias diffusion current, and the net

current is zero. The voltage required to cause these two currents to balance is called

the "open-circuit voltage". The following animation shows the carrier flows at short-

circuit and open-circuit conditions (Pveducation, 2010).

The photovoltaic effect was first recognized in 1839 by French physicist Antoine

Cesar Becquerel. However, it was not until 1883 that the first solar cell was built, by

Charles Fritts, who coated the semiconductor selenium with an extremely thin layer of

gold to form the junctions. The device was only around 1% efficient. Russell Ohl

patented the modern solar cell in 1946 (Light sensitive device). Sven Ason Berg lund

had a prior patent concerning methods of increasing the capacity of photosensitive

cells. The modern age of solar power technology arrived in 1954 when Bell

Laboratories, experimenting with semiconductors, accidentally found that silicon doped

with certain impurities was very sensitive to light (Reference, 2011).

The photovoltaic effect in a solar cell can be illustrated with an analogy to a child

at a slide. Initially, both electrons and the child are in their respective ground state.

Next, the electron is lifted up to its excited state by consuming energy received from the

incoming light, just as child is lifted up to an excited state at the top of the slide by

consuming chemical energy available in the excited state that can be expended. In the

absence of junction-forming materials. There is no incentive for excited, free to move

along a specific direction: eventually fall back to the ground state.

On the other hand, whenever two different materials are placed in contact, an

electric field is generated along the contact, This is the so-called built-in field , and it

exerts a force on free electrons, effectively tilting the electron states and forcing the


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excited free electrons into an external electrical load where their excess energy can

be dissipated. The external load can be a simple resistor, or it can be any of a myriad

of electrical or electronic devices ranging from motors to radios. Correspondingly, the

child moves to the slide because of his desire for excitement. It is on the slide that the

child dissipates his excess energy. Finally when the excess energy is expended, both

electron and the child are back in the ground state, where they can begin the whole

process over again. The motion of the electron, like that of the child, is in one direction.

In short, the photovoltaic effect produces a direct current-one that flows constantly in

only a single direction (Britannica, 2011).

The photoelectric effect was first noted by a French physicist, Edmund Bequerel,

in 1839, who found that certain materials would produce small amounts of electric

current when exposed to light. In 1905, Albert Einstein described the nature of light and

the photoelectric effect on which photovoltaic technology is based, for which he later

won a Nobel prize in physics. The first photovoltaic module was built by Bell

Laboratories in 1954. It was billed as a solar battery and was mostly just a curiosity as it

was too expensive to gain widespread use. In the 1960s, the space industry began to

make the first serious use of the technology to provide power aboard spacecraft.

Through the space programs, the technology advanced, its reliability was established,

and the cost began to decline. During the energy crisis in the 1970s, photovoltaic

technology gained recognition as a source of power for non-space applications

(Science, 2011).

The energy photon is transferred to an electron in an atom of the semiconductor

device. With its newfound energy, the electron is able escape from its normal position


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associated with a single atom in the semiconductor to become part of the current in an

electrical circuit. Special electrical properties of the PV cell a built-in electric provide the

voltage needed to drive the current through an external load (Photovoltaic, 2011).

Windmill

A windmill is a machine that converts theenergy of wind into rotational energy by

means of vanes calledsails. Originally, windmills were developed formilling grain for

food production. In the course of history, the windmill machinery was adapted to many

other industrial uses. An important non-milling use is to pump water, either for land

drainage or to extractgroundwater.

Wind Turbine

Awind turbine is a windmill-like structure specifically developed to generate

electricity. They can be seen as the next step in the developments of the windmill. The

first wind turbines were built by the end of the 19th century byProf James

Blyth inScotland (1887),Charles F. Brush inCleveland, Ohio (18871888) andPoul la

Courin Denmark (1890s). La Cour's mill from 1896 later became the local powerplant of

the village Askov. By 1908, 72 wind-driven electric generators were in Denmark,

ranging from 5 to 25 kW. By the 1930s, windmills were widely used to generate

electricity on farms in the United States where distribution systems had not yet been

installed, built by companies such asJacobs Wind,Wincharger, Miller Airlite, Universal

Aeroelectric, Paris-Dunn, Airline, and Winpower, and by the Dunlite Corporation for

similar locations in Australia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windpowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill_sailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grist_millhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prof_James_Blythhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prof_James_Blythhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_F._Brushhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poul_la_Courhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poul_la_Courhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobs_Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobs_Windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poul_la_Courhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poul_la_Courhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_F._Brushhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prof_James_Blythhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prof_James_Blythhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grist_millhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill_sailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windpower


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Forerunners of modern horizontal-axis utility-scale wind generators were the

WIME-3D in service inBalaklavaUSSR from 1931 until 1942, a 100-kW generator on a

30-m (100-ft) tower, theSmith-Putnam wind turbine built in 1941 on the mountain

known as Grandpa's Knob inCastleton, Vermont,USA of 1.25 MW and theNASA wind

turbines developed from 1974 through the mid-1980s. The development of these 13

experimental wind turbines pioneered many of thewind turbine designs technologies in

use today, including: steel tube towers, variable-speed generators, composite blade

materials, and partial-span pitch control, as well as aerodynamic, structural, and

acoustic engineering design capabilities. The modern wind power industry began in

1979 with the serial production of wind turbines by Danish manufacturers

Kuriant,Vestas,Nordtank, andBonus. These early turbines were small by today's

standards, with capacities of 2030 kW each. Since then, they have increased greatly in

size, with the Enercon E-126 capable of delivering up to 7 MW, while wind turbine

production has expanded to many countries.

As the 21st century began, rising concerns overenergy security,global warming,and

eventualfossil fuel depletion led to an expansion of interest in all available forms

ofrenewable energy.Worldwide, many thousands of wind turbines are now operating,

with a totalnameplate capacity of 194,400 MW (Wikipedia, 2012).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaklavahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith-Putnam_wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castleton,_Vermonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_wind_turbineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_wind_turbineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEG_Miconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nameplate_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nameplate_capacityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_securityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEG_Miconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_turbine_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_wind_turbineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASA_wind_turbineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castleton,_Vermonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith-Putnam_wind_turbinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaklava


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Chapter 3

Methodology

Chapter Three is made up of two parts. (1) Materials and Tools and (2) Design of

the Scale Model

Part One, Materials and Tools, enumerates the quantity, specification and costs

of the material and tools used during the construction of the scale model.

Part Two, Design of the Scale Model, presents the design of the scale model.


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Materials and Tools

Quantity Unit Item/Description Unit Price (Php) Total Cost (Php)

4 pcs Illustration Board 25.00 100.00

5 rolls Cartolina 7.00 35.00

1 pack Barbeque Stick 26.00 26.00

8 meters Aluminium Foil 5.00 40.00

2 pcs Chip Board 14.00 20.00

1 pack Toothpick 10.00 10.00

5 rolls Felt Paper 16.00 80.00

10

1

3

2

4

1

26

1

Total

pcs

pc

pcs

rolls

pcs

roll

stick

roll

kilo

Folder

Plywood

11 Wood

Double Sided Tape

Crepe Paper

Plastic Cover

Glue Stick

Packing Tape

Nails

5.00

300.00

25.00

67.25

9.00

18.00

5.00

20.00

60.00

50.00

300.00

75.00

134.50

36.00

18.00

130.00

20.00

15.00

Php 1089.50


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Design of the Scale Model


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Chapter 4

The Proposed Project

Chapter Four is made up of two parts. (1) Proposed Site; (2) Description; and (3)

Cost for Actual Structure.

Part One, Proposed Site; place where the projected will be constructed

Part Two, Description, describes the actual project.

Part Three, Cost for Actual Structure, amount needed for construction of the

project.


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Proposed Site

This project will be located at the Central Luzon.


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Description

This subterranean hotel will have 7 set of floors hosting private bathrooms and

private patios constructed from steel and concrete. The seven floors have been totally

buried underground only leaving the parking lot and the power reservoir visible in the

surface. This provides both insulations to the rooms and a minimization of the visual

impact of the hotel on the landscape. The deeper the floor, the more expensive it

become. Alternative source of energy is used, such as solar cell and wind turbine,

making it eco-friendly.

Cost for Actual Construction

This project will cost from 100-200 billion pesos. The materials used in this

project should in high quality to ensure the safety of the costumers


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Chapter 5

Conclusion and Recommendation

Advantages

The advantages of underground structures include resistance to severe weather,

an exceptionally quiet living space, an unobtrusive presence in the surrounding

landscape, and a nearly constant interior temperature due to the natural insulating

properties of the surrounding earth. The greatest draw for most, however, is the energy

efficiency and environmental friendliness of such structures. Because of the stable

subsurface temperature of the Earth, heating and cooling costs are often much lower in

an underground house than in a comparable above-ground house.

Disadvantages

Underground living does have certain disadvantages, such as the potential for

flooding, which in some cases may require special pumping systems to be installed.


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REFERENCES

Hotel. (2013), Retrieved on February 2013 from:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel

Underground Living.(2012), Retrieved on February 2013 from:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_living

Solar Cell.(2005). Retrieved on February 2013 from:

http://www.solarcell.net.in/

Solar Cell. (2010). Retrieved on February 2013 from:

http://encyclobemia.solarbotics.net/articles/solar_cell.html

Solar Cell.(2011). Retrieved on February 2013 from:

http://www.reference.com/browse/solar_cell.html

Photovoltaic Effect. (2011). Retrieved on February 2013 from:

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/458271/photovoltaic-effect

Windmill.(2010). Retrieved on February 2013 from:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmill

Wind Turbine.(2010). Retrieved on February 2013 from:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windturbine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_livinghttp://www.solarcell.net.in/http://encyclobemia.solarbotics.net/articles/solar_cell.htmlhttp://www.reference.com/browse/solar_cell.htmlhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/458271/photovoltaic-effecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windmillhttp://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/458271/photovoltaic-effecthttp://www.reference.com/browse/solar_cell.htmlhttp://encyclobemia.solarbotics.net/articles/solar_cell.htmlhttp://www.solarcell.net.in/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_livinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel

Engineering Design Project

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