ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES - ITM · PDF fileA123 Systems batteries supply up to 12 megawatts...

ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

GRID SCALE ENERGY STORAGE | 25TH JUNE 2012

ITM POWER DESIGNS

AND MANUFACTURES

HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS

FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND

CLEAN FUEL PRODUCTION

Contents

• Principles of Energy Storage

• Energy Storage Applications

• Energy Storage Technologies

• Mechanical Storage Systems

• Electrochemical Storage Systems

• Sector Export

• Business Case

ITM POWER DESIGNS

AND MANUFACTURES






Energy is the largest global market

• Market being completely overhauled

• Complete energy supply-chain rethink

• Colossal global capital investment

BUSINESS PROPOSITION

ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL

PROBLEM | OPPORTUNITY

“Climate change is an opportunity. It isn't necessarily a burden. …

This way of thinking - of focusing on the costs and not the

opportunities has contributed to getting us bogged down.”

Joseph Stiglitz

Energy storage is the missing link

• Essential for energy sector decarbonisation

• Electrifying transport

• Electrifying heat

• Power | Transport | Heat

• Optimising energy systems

MISSING LINK


ENERGY STORAGE

SUPPLY | DEMAND DYNAMICALLY COUPLED

PRINCIPLES OF ENERGY STORAGE


Transmission Electricity User Fuel Generation Distribution

Supply Side Demand Side

Dynamic Coupling

Production matches consumption in sub-second timescale

• The system has no energy storage solution

• How can we use unpredictable generation?

DYNAMIC COUPLING IS UNDERMINED



Wind



Shifting control from production to consumption

• Energy storage

• Demand side management

• Sector Export




Wind



Distributed Energy Storage Bulk Energy Storage


• Energy storage


• Sector Export




Wind



Distributed Energy Storage Bulk Energy Storage DSM


• Energy storage


• Sector Export




Wind




Sector Export Fuel User


• Energy storage


• Sector Export

ENERGY

STORAGE

APPLICATIONS

TECHNOLOGIES

SEGMENTATION

SEGMENTED BY SIZE & STORAGE TIME

Technologies | Applications

• Commodity storage

• Renewable energy management

• Power Quality

• Customer Energy Management

SEGMENTATION BY STORAGE TIME | SIZE

STORAGE APPLICATIONS

SEGMENTED BY SIZE & STORAGE TIME

Technologies | Applications

• Supercapacitors

• Flywheels

• Batteries

• Flow cells

• Compressed Air

• Pumped hydro

• Hydrogen

STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

SEGMENTATION BY STORAGE TIME | SIZE

PUMPED HYDRO

COMPRESSED AIR

FLYWHEEL

MECHANICAL

ENERGY

STORAGE


Mechanical Inertia

• 3000 rpm | 50Hz

• Power | Frequency shedding

• Max 4% swing 48Hz|52Hz

• Obligation average 50Hz in 1hour

MECHANICAL INERTIA



Dinorwig Pumped Hydro Storage

• On-line in 1984

• 1890MW for 5hrs; 70% efficient

• Cost $310m ($164/kW, $33/kWhr)

• Frequency regulation services

• 8 sites were surveyed by CEGB

PUMPED HYDRO



Dinorwig Pumped Hydro Storage

• On-line in 1984

• 1890MW for 5hrs; 70% efficient

• Cost $310m ($164/kW, $33/kWhr)


• 8 sites were surveyed by CEGB

CAPACITY BY TECHNOLOGY | Q4 2011


COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE


Compressed Air Energy Storage

• Relatively long-term storage (several hours or days)

• Two CAES facilities now operating, one in Germany and one in Alabama.

• McIntosh, Alabama operating since 1991

• Reduces fuel consumption by 25 percent.


COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE


Compressed Air Wind Turbines

• Conceptual

• Cuts out the middle man!

• Direct coupling of wind and conventional generation


FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE

BEACON ENERGY | FLYWHEELS

Flywheel Energy Storage

• Instantaneous response


• 20MW Beacon Power

• 100kW units


FLYWHEEL ENERGY STORAGE

BEACON ENERGY | FLYWHEELS

Flywheel Energy Storage

• Instantaneous response


• 20MW Beacon Power

• 100kW units


Aerial view of Beacon Power’s 20MW flywheel energy storage plant in Stephentown, New

York, which began operating in January. The facility stores and returns energy on a

moment-to-moment basis to provide grid-stabilizing frequency regulation services.

CAPACITORS

BATTERIES

FUEL CELLS

HYDROGEN

ELECTRO-

CHEMICAL

ENERGY

STORAGE

REGONE PLOT | ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES

ELECTROCHEMICAL STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

Regone Plot: Supercapacitors | Batteries | Hydrogen

• Ultra and Super Caps

• Batteries

• Fuel Cells


BATTERIES

LEAD ACID | PIONEERS

Batteries: Mid Time Lapse (2hrs)

• Early trials using lead acid batteries

• Cannot separate power and energy

• EPRI cost target $1000 kW | $100 kWhr


BATTERIES

SODIUM SULPHUR

Na|S Batteries: Mid Time Lapse (2hrs)

• American Electric Power's grid in Charleston

• Batteries from NGK Insulators of Japan

• Three capable of discharging 6MW

• Operates at 300 to 350oC (Molten NaSx)

• Cost about $27 million

• Fire at NGK in Japan in 2011


BATTERIES

LITHIUM ION | EV BATTERIES

AES | A123

• A123 system uses spent EV batteries

• AES Energy Storage main contractor

• 12MW in Chile


A123 Systems batteries supply up to 12 megawatts of power at the Los Andes substation in Chile

BATTERIES

AES | A123 Laurel Mountain West Virginia

• 97.6MW wind farm

• 32MW | 64MWhrs Energy Storage


LITHIUM ION | EV BATTERIES

REGENESYS

VRB | PRUDENT

ZBB

FLOW

CELLS

FLOW CELLS | REGENESYS


Flow Cells | Separates Power From Energy

• Ideal for long term bulk storage

• Modular design

• Designed and built in UK



Flow Cells | Separates Power From Energy

• Little Barford; 100MWhr (10MW x 10hr)

• Demonstrated the scalability of electrochemistry

• Valued by CSFB at £1bn


FLOW CELLS | REGENESYS

VRB | PRUDENT ENERGY

Vanadium Flow Cells

• Inventor: Prof Maria Skyllas-Kazacos

• VRB owned Regenesys and Sumitomo technologies

• VRB were bought out of administration by Prudent

• V2+|V3+ V5+|V4+


FLOW CELLS | VANADIUM

VRB | PRUDENT ENERGY

Vanadium Flow Cells

• Inventor: Prof Maria Skyllas-Kazacos

• VRB owned Regenesys and Sumitomo technologies

• Bought out of administration by Prudent


FLOW CELLS | VANADIUM

ZBB ENERGY CORP

Zinc Bromine | Flow Cells

• ZBB EnerStore battery is built in 50kWh modules

• Expandable to 500kWh in a singular enclosure

• 2MWh or more on a single point of connection


FLOW CELLS | ZINC BROMINE

HYDROGEN | ELECTROLYSER | FUEL CELL


Hydrogen | Energy Storage

• Electrolysers produce H2 & O2 from power

• Fuel cells produce power from H2 & O2

• Combinations from energy storage systems

• Separates power from energy

• Power defined by Fuel Cell size

• Energy stored defined by tank size


Power/H2O

Power/H2O

H2

Sto

rage

O2

Sto

rage

SECTOR EXPORT

GAS INJECTION

SYNTHETIC CH4

FUEL CELLS

HYDROGEN




Wind




Sector Export Fuel User


• Energy storage


• Sector Export

Energy storage by DSM hydrogen production

• Modular, scalable and rapid response

• High conversion efficiency

• Ability to accommodate intermittent input

• Separates power from energy

ELECTROLYSIS


ELECTROLYSIS

FUEL CELL CARS

APPLICATION | ROLL OUT

FUEL CELL CARS: ROLL OUT DATES

2013

Hyundai ix35 FCEV

2014

Daimler F-Cell

2015

Honda Clarity

2015

Toyota FCV-R

2015

GM Opel HydroGen4

2015

Nissan X-TRAIL FCV

2015

VW HyMotion

2015

Ford Explorer FC SUV

2015

Audi A2H2

2015

Daihatsu FCHV Mini MPV

2015

Mazda 5 Premacy

2015

Renault Scenic ZEV H2

POWER TO GAS


POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE

The TSB funded GridGas study

• Opportunity analysis

• Compliance of gas injection

• Rapid response electrolysis

• Gas mixing

• Location of stranded gas assets in the UK

• Potential in Scotland

• Website coming soon (www.gridgas.co.uk)

Compliance Stranded Grids Installation


SYNTHETIC METHANE

SNG SYSTEM

Utilising wind and CO2

• Counters wind curtailment

• Best with pure CO2

• Best with CHP

• Big in Germany

COSTS

ATTRACTIVENESS

MARKETS

IRR

BUSINESS

CASE

COSTS | ATTRACTIVENESS

$1000 kW | $100kWhr

• Adoption is rapid

• Costs are falling

• Analysis is moving target

• Hydrogen analysis out of date

COSTS | ATTRACTIVENESS


MARKETS | SIZE

IRR to 30% | Many $50bn

• Adoption follows RE

• 20% capacity threshold

MARKETS | SIZE


Energy is the largest global market

• Market being completely overhauled

• Complete energy supply-chain rethink

• Colossal global capital investment

BUSINESS PROPOSITION


PROBLEM | OPPORTUNITY

“Climate change is an opportunity. It isn't necessarily a burden. …

This way of thinking - of focusing on the costs and not the

opportunities has contributed to getting us bogged down.”

Joseph Stiglitz

Contents

• Principles of Energy Storage

• Energy Storage Applications

• Energy Storage Technologies

• Mechanical Storage Systems

• Electrochemical Storage Systems

• Sector Export

• Business Case

ITM POWER DESIGNS

AND MANUFACTURES






ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES - ITM · PDF fileA123 Systems batteries supply up to 12 megawatts...

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Transcript of ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES - ITM · PDF fileA123 Systems batteries supply up to 12 megawatts...