Energy NotesPhotosynthesis, Chemosynthesis

and Cellular RespirationMarine Biology

Warm Up

1. What process do plants do to make sugar?2. What process do all organisms do to make

energy?3. Explain how photosynthesis and cellular

respiration make a cycle.4. Why would low levels of oxygen in the water

pose a problem for marine life?

Review Photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Gives you

Carbohydrates + O2

“photo” = light “synthesis” = to put together

Review Photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Gives you

Carbohydrates + O2

Carbon dioxide

Water

Sugar (glucose) Oxygen

Review Photosynthesis

CO2 + H2O + Sun Light Gives you

Carbohydrates + O2

1. REACTANTS (what you start with)

2. PRODUCTS (what you end with)

Review ChemosythesisWhat is chemosynthesis?

Chemosynthesis is used when sunlight is not available.

What happens during chemosynthesis?

During chemosynthesis, organisms use inorganic substances in place of sunlight to make sugar and oxygen.

What is the equation for chemosynthesis?Inorganic substances + water+ carbon dioxide

Oxygen + sugar

What organisms do chemosynthesis?

Organisms that do not receive sunlight HAVE to do chemosynthesis in order to make food for themselves (bacteria or deep water organisms).

Review Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration

is just the opposite of photosynthesis!

C6H12O6 + O2 → ATP + CO2 + H2O

CO2 + H2O + light → C6H12O6 + O2

photosynthesis

respiration

Review Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 O2 ATP CO2 H2OCarbon dioxide

WaterSugar (glucose)

Oxygen Energy

Reactants(what’s needed)

Products(what’s produced)

Review Cellular RespirationImportant facts for marine

biologist:• All living organisms break

down sugars to get energy.

• This is called cellular respiration.

• What is glucose again?

SUGAR!!

Energy Notes

• First, copy the questions (Cornell Note Style)• Make sure you have the right answer before

continuing.• Record the correct answer on the right hand

side.• There are only 13 questions but you must

understand/remember the material in every question!

Energy Unit Review Questions1. What process releases energy

from sugar? 2. What process absorbs energy

from the sun to make sugar (food for the plant)?

3. Where does photosynthesis happen in the cell?

4. Where does cellular respiration happen in the cell?

CellularRespiration!

Photosynthesis

Chloroplast

Mitochondria

Energy Unit Review Questions5. What is the equation for

cellular respiration?

6. What is the equation for photosynthesis?

7. What is chemosynthesis?

8. Explain transpiration and how water moves through a plant.

O2+SugarCO2+H2O+ATP ENERGY

CO2+H20+SUN ENERGYO2+Sugar

HAPPENS WITHOUT LIGHT!!!Organisms use inorganic

substances to make sugar and oxygen

Water moves in through the roots and evaporates through the leaves into the air.

Energy Unit Review Questions9. What happens to the nitrogen in

organisms when they die?

10. What is ATP?

11. Where in the cell is energy produced (ATP)?

12.Where in the cell is energy absorbed?

They decompose and the nitrogen goes back into the ground for plants to use.

Energy molecule

Mitochondria

Chloroplast

Energy Unit Review Questions13. Explain how cellular

respiration and photosynthesis make a cycle.

Energy is cycled between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Dissolved Oxygen• Dissolved Oxygen Video• Use the following words to explain WHY marine

organisms will suffer from low oxygen levels in the water:– Cellular respiration– Reactants– Products– Oxygen– Carbon dioxide– Water– Energy (ATP)– Energy (sunlight)

Dissolved Oxygen and Fertilizers (Run Off)

• Fertilizers video• After the video, please write a short summary

of how fertilizers affect the oxygen levels in the water.

Chemosynthesis Practice

• Use the following HSA questions to practice our knowledge of energy transfer.

#1. Some types of bacteria live deep in the ocean where sunlight cannot reach. These bacteria use the energy stored in inorganic molecules to make sugars (HSA 2007).Which of these processes do the bacteria use to

produce sugars?A.photosynthesis B.chemosynthesis C.aerobic respiration D.nitrogen fixation

#2. Some bacteria live in habitats without light. They produce their own food using inorganic substances from the environment. Which of these terms best describes this

process? A.photosynthesis B.cellular respiration C.binary fission D.chemosynthesis

#3. In deep ocean trenches, bacteria produce organic materials from inorganic compounds through the process of

A. respiration B. decomposition C. photosynthesis D. chemosynthesis

Phytoplankton and Zooplankton

• Watch video that discusses phytoplankton, zooplankton.

• What are phytoplankton?• Why are they called primary producers?• What are zooplankton?• What do zooplankton eat?• Draw a food web with phytoplankton and zoo

plankton.

Eutrophication• Watch video on eutrophication.• What is algal bloom?• What causes oxygen to be used up?• After phytoplankton dies, what happens?• What consumes the decomposing algae?• Who uses up all the oxygen in the water?• How do the numbers of these micro organisms

effect the oxygen levels in the water?• What is eutrophication?

Independent ResearchRead Oxygen in the Water on page 372.Summarize the reading. Make sure to answer the following

questions in your writing:1. How is oxygen produced?2. What process requires the use of oxygen?3. What is dissolved oxygen?4. How do marine organisms take in oxygen?5. Explain why there is a high concentration of DO in the bottom

of the ocean.6. Why are there high levels of DO at the surface of the water?7. Explain the finding in the graph (figure 15-7) in your own

words.

Show How Energy Cycles

• Draw a diagram in order to show how energy transfers between photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

Photosynthesis Lab

HSA Public Release QuestionElodea, a freshwater plant, releases gas bubbles when it is placed in direct light. In an investigation, a student placed a lamp at different distances from an aquarium containing Elodea. The student counted the number of bubbles produced by the Elodea plant. His data are shown in the table below.What energy source is used by Elodea?

A.heat B.light C.oxygen D.carbon dioxide

Reviewing Dissolved OxygenPhotosynthesis is discussed on page 109 of the Marine Science text. Add the following to your notes:•What does photo mean?•What does synthesis mean?•What is an autotroph?•What byproduct is made during photosynthesis?•Explain how algae in the water provides some of the oxygen that you breathe.