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• Energy is what changes a phase of matter.
• Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.
© 2013 S. Coates
So HOW does matter change its state?
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Kinetic Energy
Kinetic Energy is the energy of motion Particles with a lot of kinetic
energy move fast and far apart (a gas)
Particles with little kinetic energy move slow & close together (a solid)
Particles with a lot of kinetic
energy
Particles with little kinetic
energy
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Temperature
Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the individual particles in a substance
So… if it is hot, it has more kinetic energy, if it is cold, it has less kinetic energy.
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Low kinetic energy High kinetic energy
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What happens during a phase change or change of state?•During a phase change, heat energy is either absorbed or released.•Heat energy is released as molecules slow down and move closer together.•Heat energy is absorbed as molecules speed up and expand.
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Melting
The change from the solid state to the liquid state is melting.
Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy
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Freezing The change from the liquid
state to the solid state is called freezing.
Molecule slow down, move closer together and release heat energy.
Energy is released (decreases) during freezing.
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Vaporization (Boiling)
Phase change from a liquid to gas. It occurs at the boiling point of matter.
Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy.
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Vaporization
Two forms of vaporization exist. Vaporization that takes place below
the surface of a liquid is called boiling.
Vaporization that takes place at the surface of a liquid is called evaporation.
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Evaporation• Evaporation, which occurs at
temperatures below the boiling point, explains how puddles dry up.
• It takes more than speed for water molecules to escape the liquid state.
• During evaporation, these faster molecules also must be near the surface, heading in the right direction, and they must avoid hitting other water molecules as they leave.
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Condensation
Molecule slow down, move closer together and release heat energy.
This process, which is the opposite of vaporization, is called condensation. This occurs when a gas loses enough thermal energy to become a liquid.
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The opposite of vaporization is condensation, which occurs when a gas loses enough thermal
energy to become a liquid.
Where does the water on the outside of the glass come from?
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SublimationSome substances can change from the solid state to the gas state without ever becoming a liquid. During this process, known as
sublimation, the surface particles of the solid absorbs enough energy to become a gas.
Molecules speed up, move farther apart, and absorb heat energy.
Picture from http://www.ehow.com/how_2098268_fogsmoke-dry-ice-halloween.html
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Deposition Deposition moving directly from a
gas to a solid state Molecules slow down, move closer
together and release heat energy.
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State Change Pyramid
Solid
Gas
Liquid
Melting
Freezing
Vaporization
Condensation
Dep
ositio
n
Absorbing
thermal energy
Releasing
thermal energy
Subl
imat
ion
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Can you name the arrows?
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Phase Change videos
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFatVn1hP3o “Summer” from Frozen
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jKMNSvpB9dY boiling water freezing instantly
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Phase change HW
1. liquid 2. solid 3. freezes 4. 0 C, 32 F 5. gas 6. water vapor 7. evaporates 8. dry ice 9. liquid 10. 100 C, 212 F
# Change of State Rise in Temp Drop in Temp
1 Solid to Liquid
2 Liquid to Gas
3 Gas to Liquid
4 Liquid to Solid
5 Solid to Gas
6 Gas to Solid
Fill in the Blank
Complete the Chart
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Phases of Matter
• Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change:
© 2013 S. Coates
Solid Liquid
ADDEDThe added energy has caused the
chocolate particles to speed up. Before they were vibrating in place, now they are
moving fast enough to slip past one another.
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Phases of Matter
• Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change:
© 2013 S. Coates
Liquid Gas
ADDEDThe added energy has caused the water particles to speed up. Before they were
moving fast enough to slip past one another, now they have enough energy to
break away from one another and expand.
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Phases of Matter
• Is ENERGY being ADDED or TAKEN AWAY in this phase change:
© 2013 S. CoatesLiquid Solid
Taken AwayTaking away energy from a puddle slows
the water molecules down so that they no longer slide past one another.
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So What? How can I use this information?
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Iceland sits on the boundary of two plates- the North American Plate and the Eurasian Plate.
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Is it a divergent, convergent, or transform boundary?
What will we see happening at this type of boundary?
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The 1973 Heimaey eruption started on 23 January with the opening of a 1600 m long fissure on the east side of the island, about 400 m east of the outskirts of the town. During the first hours lava issued from the entire fissure in 50-150 m high glowing fountains. A day later the eruption continued from two craters, and on 6 February only one crater remained, where activity continued until 26 June, when the eruption came to an end. By that time 417 houses had been destroyed by lava and tephra and the remainder of the town was covered with millions of tons of tephra. The total volume of the eruption products was 250 million cubic metres (230 million m3 as lava and 20 million m3 as tephra). The chemical composition of the products is alkali basalt, murgearite to hawaiite.
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The 1973 eruption on the island of Heimaey is a classic example of the struggle between man and volcanoes. With a heroic effort the people of Iceland saved the town of Vestmannaeyjar and the country's most important fishing port.
Except where noted, all photographs are by the late Svienn Eirikksen, fire marshal of the town of Vestmannaeyjar. Photographs courtesy of the U.S. Geological Survey.
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The island of Heimaey with the growth of the island in 1973, the location of the eruptive fissure, and the location of Eldfell, the 1973 cone. Modified from Williams and Moore, 1983.
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Not only did the tremendous efforts save the port they actually improved it. The residents returned to rebuild their town and even used the heat from the cooling lava to construct a district heating system. This vertical aerial photograph of the island shows the improved harbor, Helgafell and Eldfell cones, and the new land added to the island. Photograph by Iceland Geodetic Survey, September, 8, 1973. From Williams and Moore, 1983.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ghl33n26d44
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The Cooling of Lava
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State Change Pyramid
Solid
Gas
Liquid
Melting
Freezing
Vaporization
Condensation
Dep
ositio
n
Absorbing
thermal energy
Releasing
thermal energy
Subl
imat
ion
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Phase Change Lab
1. Get goggles and bins from the back. 2. Once your group is ready, ice and dry ice will
be placed in your petri dish. 3. Make observations about the materials and
answer the questions on the back of your paper. 4. Fill the beaker ½ way with water. 5. Using your gloves, drop the dry ice into the
water. 6. Observe the gas being produced- which way
is the gas flowing?
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Conclusion Questions
1. & 2. What observations did you make about dry ice and water?
3. How are the two substances similar? 4. How are they different? 5. What phase change did you observe for
each? Dry Ice _________________ Frozen Water _______________
6. Why is it called “dry ice”?
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7. What happens to the ice molecules as they change to a liquid?
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The water molecules (2 hydrogen and one oxygen) stay together as a molecule, the elements do NOT separate from one
another!
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8. What happens to the dry ice molecules as they change to a gas?~Molecules spread apart and move faster.
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9. Are Ice and liquid water the same thing? Explain
10. How could you change the liquid water back to ice?
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Metal Ring Demo- How will the molecules of the metals change as they are heated?
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Slime Time!
Is slime a solid or a liquid? Background Information:
The three states of matter we are studying are ______. _______, and ________
Molecules in the __________ stage move very little and have a definite shape.
Molecules in the ____________ phase move around and slide past each other and take the shape of their container
Molecules in the __________ phase are bouncing around freely and do not have a constant volume or definite shape.
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Conclusion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f2XQ97XHjVw pool filled with slime
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bLiNHqwgWaQ slime vs water
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3zoTKXXNQIU slime on a speaker
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