Energy Indicators for the Economic Dimension of ... · Economic Dimension of Sustainable...

Energy Indicators for the Economic

Dimension of Sustainable Development

Prof. Peter Taylor

Mainstreaming Energy Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),

Targets and Indicators into Statistical Programmes in Select African

Countries

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 27-29 June 2016

What are indicators?

• Tools to analyse e.g. energy resources, production and use

and renewable energy and energy efficiency trends.

• Based on detailed statistics of energy production/use and

economic activity

• Each indicator addresses one aspect of energy

• Indicators need to be looked at in groups to understand the

full picture

• Indicators need to be read in the context of each country’s

economy and resources

• Indicators have proper applications and limitations

• Can inform policy decisions, help gauge policy

effectiveness and unintended consequences

The indicators pyramid

Source: International Energy Agency (2014) Energy Efficiency Indicators: Fundamentals on Statistics, OECD/IEA.

IEA end-use coverage for indicators

Source: International Energy Agency (2014) Energy Efficiency Indicators: Fundamentals on Statistics, OECD/IEA.

EEA DPSIR framework

Source: European Environment Agency

The UN EISD initiative

• Work started by the UN in

1995.

• 5 agencies involved:

UNDESA, OECD/IEA, IAEA,

Eurostat, EEA.

• Initial project with 7 countries:

Brazil, Cuba, Lithuania,

Mexico, Russia, Slovakia,

Thailand.

• Report on guidelines and

methodologies published in

2005.

• Modern economies depend on a reliable and adequate

energy supply.

• All sectors of the economy — residential, commercial,

transport, service and agriculture — demand modern

energy services.

• These services in turn foster economic and social

development at the local level by raising productivity and

enabling local income generation.

• Energy supply affects jobs, productivity and development.

• Electricity is the dominant form of energy for

communications, information technology, manufacturing

and services.

Economic Dimension of

Sustainable Development

Economic indicators and

themes

The economic indicators have two themes. Divided into a

number of sub-themes:

1. Use and production patterns

Overall Use, Overall Productivity, Supply Efficiency,

Production, End Use, Diversification (Fuel Mix) and Prices.

2. Security

Imports and Strategic Fuel Stocks.

Use and production patterns (1)

Overall Use

ECO1 Energy use per capita

– Energy use (total primary energy supply, total final

consumption and electricity use)

– Total population

Overall Productivity

ECO2 Energy use per unit of GDP

– Energy use (total primary energy supply, total final

consumption and electricity use)

– GDP

Overall use and productivity

Ethiopia

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Ind

ex (

year

20

04

= 1

00

)

TPES

Data taken from International Energy Agency, 2015, International Energy Agency World Energy Balances, 1960-2013, [data

collection], UK Data Service, 6th Edition, Accessed 17 June 2016, SN: 6301

Overall use:

ECO1 - TPES per capita

Ethiopia

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Ind

ex (

year

20

04

= 1

00

)

TPES TPES per capita

ECO1



Overall productivity:

ECO2 – TPES per unit of GDP

Ethiopia

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Ind

ex (

year

20

04

= 1

00

)

TPES TPES per capita TPES per GDP

ECO1

ECO2




Supply Efficiency

ECO3 Efficiency of energy conversion and distribution

– Losses in transformation systems including losses in

electricity generation, transmission and distribution

Supply efficiency: ECO3 -

Efficiency of energy supply

Senegal

Data taken from WEC: www.worldenergy.org/data/efficiency-indicators

30%

31%

32%

33%

34%

35%

36%

37%

38%

39%

40%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Effi

cien

cy (

%)

Efficiency of thermal power plants

Supply efficiency: ECO3 -

Efficiency of energy distribution

Ghana



50%

55%

60%

65%

70%

75%

80%

85%

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Effi

cien

cy (

%)

Electricity transmission and distribution efficiency


Production

ECO4 Reserves-to-production ratio

– Proven recoverable reserves

– Total energy production

ECO5 Resources-to-production ratio

– Total estimated resources

– Total energy production

Production: ECO4 - Reserves to

production ratio

United Kingdom

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Oil Gas

Year

s

Proven reserves Probable reserves Possible reserves

Data taken from DECC: www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/441395/

Appendix_2_Historic_UK_Oil_and_Gas_Reserves_and_Production_2015.pdf


End Use

ECO6 Industrial energy intensities

ECO7 Agricultural energy intensities

ECO8 Service/ commercial energy intensities

– Energy use in industrial or commercial or agricultural sector

– Corresponding value added

End Use: ECO6 & ECO8 – Industrial

and services energy intensities

Cameroon

Data taken from WEC:www.worldenergy.org/data/efficiency-indicators/

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Ener

gy In

ten

sity

(ko

e/U

S$1

99

5 (

PP

P)

Industry Services

ECO6

ECO8


End Use (cont.)

ECO9 Household energy intensities

– Energy use in households and by key end use

– Number of households, floor area, persons per household,

appliance ownership

ECO10 Transport energy intensities

– Energy use in passenger travel and freight sectors and by

mode

– Passenger-km travel and tonne-km freight and by mode

End use: ECO9 – Household

energy intensity

United Kingdom

Data taken from Department of Energy and Climate Change (2015) Energy consumption in the UK

1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

toe

per

ho

use

ho

ld

Per household energy consumption

End use: ECO10 – Transport

energy intensities

United Kingdom

Data taken from Department of Energy and Climate Change (2015) Energy consumption in the UK

70

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Ind

ex (

year

20

07

= 1

00

)

Road passenger Road freight


ECO11 Fuel shares in energy and electricity

– Primary energy supply and final consumption, electricity

generation and generating capacity by fuel type

– Total primary energy supply, total final consumption, total

electricity generation and total generating capacity

Diversification:

ECO11 – Fuel shares in TPES

Kenya

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Shar

e o

f en

ergy

mix

(%

)

Coal Oil Biomass Other renewables



Diversification: ECO11 – Fuel

shares in final consumption

Kenya



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Shar

e o

f en

ergy

mix

(%

)

Coal Oil Biomass Electricity


ECO12 Non-carbon energy share in energy and electricity

– Primary supply, electricity generation and generating

capacity by non-carbon energy

– Total primary energy supply, total electricity generation and

total generating capacity

ECO13 Renewable energy share in energy and electricity

– Primary energy supply, final consumption and electricity

generation and generating capacity by renewable energy

– Total primary energy supply, total final consumption, total

electricity generation and total generating capacity

Diversification: ECO12 – Non-

carbon energy share in electricity

Japan

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Shar

e o

f el

ectr

icit

y m

ix (

%)

Non-carbon

ECO12


collection], UK Data Service, 6th Edition, Accessed 02 November 2015, SN: 6301

Diversification: ECO13 – Renewable

energy share in electricity

Japan

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Shar

e o

f el

ectr

icit

y m

ix (

%)

Non-carbon Renewables

ECO12

ECO13




Prices

ECO14 End-use energy prices by fuel and by sector

– Energy prices (with and without tax/subsidy)

Use and production patterns:

ECO14 - End use energy prices

Sweden

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Pri

ce :

SKr

per

MW

h

Price without tax Tax

Gas in industryElectricity in industry

Data taken from International Energy Agency, 2014, Energy Prices and Taxes, [data collection], UK Data Service, 6th Edition,

Accessed 13 November 2015, SN: 6301

Security

Imports

ECO15 Net energy import dependency

– Energy imports

– Total primary energy supply

Strategic Fuel Stocks

ECO16 Stocks of critical fuels per corresponding fuel

consumption

– Stocks of critical fuel (e.g. oil, gas, etc.)

– Critical fuel consumption

Imports: ECO15 - Net energy

import dependency

United States

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Imp

ort

s as

a s

har

e o

f to

tal e

ner

gy s

up

ply

(%

)

Net energy import dependency



Strategic fuel stocks: ECO16 -

Stocks of critical fuels

United Kingdom

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Sto

cks

as a

sh

are

of

con

sum

pti

on

(%

)

Oil products stocks as a share of consumption

Data taken from Department of Energy and Climate Change (2015) Digest of UK Energy Statistics (DUKES).

Final remarks

• Energy indicators covering the economic dimension should

be used together with those examining the social and

environmental dimensions.

• Unlike some other indicators, the EISD are meant to be

used for national analyses.

• Not all indicators will be appropriate for all countries.

• Not all countries will currently have the data to construct all

indicators.

• They are intended to help countries address their energy

challenges in the most appropriate way.

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