Energy Behavior – Lessons from Low-Income Education Programs David Carroll, Jackie Berger ACEEE...
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Transcript of Energy Behavior – Lessons from Low-Income Education Programs David Carroll, Jackie Berger ACEEE...
Energy Behavior – Lessons from Low-Income Education Programs
David Carroll, Jackie Berger
ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings
August 20, 2008
Session Outline
• Introduction
• Savings Potential
• Coaching Models
• Technology Assisted Models
• Low Cost Models
• Feedback Models
• Summary and Recommendations
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Introduction
• Potential – Can households change energy using behaviors and save energy over the long run?
• Mechanism – What change in knowledge, motivation, and feedback results in savings?
• Evidence – What types of programs have led to documented savings?
• Inference – What can we infer about the change mechanisms from the evidence?
• Limitations – How can we overcome our ignorance?3
Potential – Crisis
• 2000/2001 California Experience– Electric Crisis / Public Information Campaign
– 10% Reduction in Peak Demand / 7% Reduction in Usage
• 2001 RECS / 1997 RECS– 25% Gas Price Increase
– 16% Gas Usage Reduction
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Potential – Willingness• Heating Setback
– 51% Take Action / 14% Willing
• CFLS– 22% Take Action /53% Willing
• Cold Water Wash– 38% Take Action / 11% Willing
1996 NMPC LIHEAP Recipient Study5
Mechanism
• Models – Plentiful
• Small Scale Studies - Available
• Significant Research - ?????
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Program Models
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Coaching Example
• 1992 NPMC Power Partnerships Pilot– Alliance to Save Energy
– Experimental Design
– In-Home Energy Education / 3 Sessions
• Results– Control Group = -37 Therms
– WX Only = 304 Therms (16%)
– WX and Education = 445 Therms (26%)
• Incremental Service Delivery Costs = $500
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Coaching Inference
• H1- Experienced professional could improve on decisions made by WX service delivery personnel.
• H2 – Interaction between “educator” and client helped to identify additional opportunities
• H3 – 6-month follow-up visit identified WX problems and led to resolution.
• H4 – Client was better able to manage gas using systems in a way that saved energy.
Follow-Up Survey – Warmer, less drafty, healthier9
Coaching Extensions
• HPwES Add-On – “Coach” can potentially increase savings, resolve problems, increase client satisfaction
• HPwES Alternative - Next step after completing computer-based audit
• Point of Sale Consultant – Negotiate discount / plan upgrade strategy
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Technology Example
• Ohio Electric Partnership Program– Targeted High Users
– Used SMOC-ERS Software
– Trained Service Delivery Staff in Education Techniques
• Results– High Refrigerator / CFL Replacement Rate
– Cost Effective kWh Savings
– No Direct Measurement of Education Savings Possible
– Low Level of Reported Energy Saving Actions
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Technology Inference
• Goal– Technology Facilitates Diagnosis
– Information is Personalized
– Clients are Focused and Motivated
• Observations– Technology Can Disrupt Interaction
– Usage Pattern May Defy Explanation
– Lack of Follow-Up Limits Usefulness
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Technology Extension
• Computerized Audit – Linkage to bills / “where you stand” assessment
• Feedback Devices – High user diagnosis
• Demand Response – Management of usage subject to preferences
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Technology Limitations
• Feedback Device Issues– Time
– Motivation
– Knowledge
– Florida Solar Energy Study (2008)
• Bill Disaggregation Issues– Unpredictable Events
– Coincident Uses
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Low Cost Example
• Colorado First Response / Four Program Models
– Direct Install
– One-On-One / Education / Kit Delivery
– Direct Mail / Kit Delivery
– Business Reply Card / Direct Mail / Kit Delivery
• Results
– DI: Savings From Measures / Limited Behavior Change
– One-On-One: Savings ??? / Significant Behavior Change
– Direct Mail: Low Savings / Limited Behavior Change
– BRC: High Savings / Moderate Behavior Change
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Low Cost Inference
• One-On-One– Surprising Level of “Reported” Behavior Change
– Savings Results ???
– Limited Version of “Coaching” Model / Trusted Advisor
• BRC– Importance of Motivation
– Quality of Materials
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Follow-Up Example
• PECO LIURP
– Audit / Education Session
– Service Delivery
– Monthly Mailing
– Periodic Review / Feedback / Problem Resolution
• Results
– 600+ kWh of Saving Attributed to Education
– Significant Level of Report Energy Saving Actions
– Reported Actions Correlated with Savings
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Follow-Up Inference
• H1 – Experienced auditor / educator is effective.
• H2 – Review/Feedback resolves usage problems.
• H3 – Monthly newsletter reinforces client understanding / motivates client action.
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Low Cost/Follow-UpExtensions
• Energy Tip on Utility Bill Envelope
• Trusted Advisor???
• Other Ideas???
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Lessons• Individuals can be informed and motivated to change
energy using behaviors
• There are promising models that need additional testing and assessment
• Personal interaction and feedback seem to have the greatest impact
• For self-motivated households, even simple measures lead to savings
• Technology has limits / needs more work
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Recommendations
• If you want to achieve cost-effective savings existing models are available to deliver those benefits.
• If you want to maximize savings by changing energy behaviors, you need to design assessment and testing protocols that test models and lead to a better understanding of outcomes.
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Contact Information
David Carroll
APPRISE
32 Nassau Street, Suite 200
Princeton, NJ 08542
609-252-8010
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