ACEEE/CEE Market Transformation Symposium March...
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Transcript of ACEEE/CEE Market Transformation Symposium March...
Adam HingeSustainable Energy Partnerships
ACEEE/CEE Market Transformation SymposiumMarch 30, 2009
Graphic courtesy CoStar Group
Year Households (millions)
Avg. House Size (sq.ft)
MMBtu/ household
Floorspace Million sq.ft
MBtu/sq.ft
1980 79.6 1746 199.0 50.9 208.2
1990 94.2 1800 180.8 64.3 207.1
2000 105.7 1963 193.8 68.5 250.2
Residential Commercial
Source: Wilson and Boehland, 2005
Building Energy Labeling provides transparency in the energy performance of buildings, giving better information to decision makersInformed consumers should make better, rational decisions
“…However it was not only older buildings that were found to be energy inefficient. Despite opening only six years ago, London's City Hall received an E grade. City Hall was described by Foster & Partners, which designed it, as a "virtually non-polluting public building".”
Energy Labels/Ratings:
ENERGY STAR, Energy Guide, NABERS Energy
Just Energy, not other attributes like Water, IAQ, etc.
Broader Environmental Labels/Ratings:
LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, growing number of others
May include energy ratings as one component
A Label conveys information to a consumer◦ Not technical, needs deep consumer research to
understand consumer decision making processCertification is a process ◦ Generally includes a range of technical standards
and definitions intended to set rules to keep information consistent
Disclosure requirements define what must be made public vs. confidential (perhaps between multiple parties)
“Asset” Ratings, based on calculation of how the building could optimally operate“Operational” Rating - also called a “Measured” Energy Rating - based on actual measured annual use
◦ Buildings rating well on one may not be as good on other type of rating
What does the EPBD require?
Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs) forall buildings over a size threshold; domestic and non-domestic; new and existing, when built, sold or rented outDisplay Energy Certificates (DECs) for public buildingsInspections of boilers & air conditioning systems
Ambitions of Europrosperresearch project 2002-04:
Display energy certificates based on actual energy use, not just theoretical. Transparency between expectations and outcomes. (green and yellow columns)Multiple performance indicatorsLook mirrors the EU domestic appliance label. Market research indicated this format was preferred.
www.europrosper.org
Research Supporting European energy certificates
www.buildingsplatform.org
Originally ABGR (Australian Building Greenhouse Rating), now NABERS* EnergyOne to Five Star rating scheme, with half star intervalsGood market recognition; useful government market transformation tool
*National Australian Built Environment Rating System
Benchmarks/Ratings for both landlord performance, and tenant energy useInforming tenants of landlord performanceInforming investors of building performanceReliant on an effective tenant landlord split– Otherwise, what is tenant, what is landlord?– Model works strongly in Australia– Combined with gross leasing avoids classic
tenant/landlord split
All leased government space in Australia follows is done with Green LeasesAustralian Green Lease Requires:◦ 4.5 star Australian Building Greenhouse Rating (now
NABERS Energy) energy performance◦ An energy management plan◦ Separate metering for particular building elements◦ A building management committee◦ Remedial action/dispute resolution clauses
More information at:◦ www.environment.gov.au/settlements/government/eego/
Developed and tested with BCO, CIBSE and a team of BPF members
Sought compatibility with evolving CEN standards and UK proposals for Display Energy Certificates (DECs)
Permits landlord’s input to tenant DECs, CSR reports and for Carbon reporting and trading
Review and Plan
Take Stock
Review and Plan
Take Action
Exchange
landlord
tenants
Take Action
www.les-ter.org
The Danish Energy Saving Trust has implemented a web-based tool—Se-elforbrug ("watch electricity consumption")—to present data on electricity consumption in public and private buildings The website provides hour-by-hour consumption data for each facility as well as analysis reports breaking down average day, evening, and night usage and data on the past three months consumptionIndividual building data can be compared to that of other buildings within the same market sector or to all other participating buildings.
Type of workplaces - average per workplace
Count
Type of workplace
Report
Floor area m²
Annual consumption
kWh
Annual consumption kWh/person
Annual consumption
kWh/m²
Chart
31 24-hour care centres
169,471 9,282,621 1,771 53
28 Boarding schools/training centres
150,420 6,055,741 1,848 40
15 Day care institutions
24,651 1,915,954 1,210 69
50 Gymnasier og erhvervsfaglige skoler
426,450 14,976,261 436 35
19 Hospitals
677,024 59,279,632 3,974 88
http://www.elsparefonden.dk/offentlig-og-erhverv/se-elforbrug/index_html
Workplaces - individual information
Count
Workplace
Authority/company
Type of workplace
Report
Floor area m²
Annual consumption
kWh
Annual consumption kWh/person
Annual consumption
kWh/m²
Chart
1 Aaskov Kommune Rådhuset
Herning Kommune Office/administration
2,469 96,583 1,486 39
1 Administrationsbygning Bornholms Regionskommune
Office/administration
4,100 544,353 5,444 133
1 AF Århus Beskæftigelsesministeriet Office/administration
5,028 89,823 1,283 18
1 AF Region Ribe Beskæftigelsesministeriet Office/administration
4,086 159,835 1,998 39
1 Af-Randers (af-Region Århus)
Beskæftigelsesministeriet Office/administration
2,593 82,308 2,058 32
1 Af-Region Fyn/Af-Odense
Beskæftigelsesministeriet Office/administration
5,114 178,472 1,475 35
1 Af-region Roskilde Beskæftigelsesministeriet Office/administration
2,144 95,990 1,600 45
2 Af-region Storkbh./af-vesterbro
Beskæftigelsesministeriet Office/administration
9,381 184,373 922 20
1 Af-Region Storkøbenhavn
Beskæftigelsesministeriet Office/administration
2,200 78,703 984 36
1 Af-Region Storstrøm/Af-Nykøbing F
Beskæftigelsesministeriet Office/administration
2,601 121,042 2,017 47
http://www.elsparefonden.dk/offentlig-og-erhverv/se-elforbrug/index_html
http://www.elsparefonden.dk/offentlig-og-erhverv/se-elforbrug/index_html
http://www.elsparefonden.dk/offentlig-og-erhverv/se-elforbrug/index_html
Breakdown
Power Energy
End use Working hours Outside working hours Week Year
% kW % kW kWh % kWh
IT/Office eq. 25 24.5 10 3.9 1618 18 74419
Serverrooms 10 9.8 20 7.8 1288 15 59234
Lighting 25 24.5 10 3.9 1618 18 74419
Ventilation 20 19.6 20 7.8 1774 20 81635
Cooling 5 4.9 20 7.8 1044 12 48034
Misc. 15 14.7 20 7.8 1531 17 70435
Sum 100 98 100 39 8872 100 408176
http://www.elsparefonden.dk/offentlig-og-erhverv/se-elforbrug/index_html
Source: LBNL China Energy Databook 2008
Source: Tsinghua University Dep’t of Building S i
30
• Harmonization (harmonisation?!) is a lot harder than it sounds!! General agreement that cooperation would be useful, “as long as you do it that way I’m currently doing it”
• Need agreement that international cooperation is valuable, conceptually simple, but details challenging
• You can’t do compliance well without other enabling regulations (upstream policy)