ENERGY AUDITS

AND

REDUCING FACILITY

ENERGY USE

Chris JacksonPrincipal Engineer - ETC Group, LLC

cjackson@etcgrp.com801.870.3705

IFMAPhoenix, AZ

March 8, 2017

IFMA – March 2017

ENERGY AUDITING 101

• Why?

• ASHRAE Level 1,2,3

• Real Numbers

• Overcoming Obstacles

• Utility AssistanceMore fun than a tax audit!

IFMA – March 2017

WHY?

An energy audit is the first step

and

the method to define your next

steps

IFMA – March 2017

WHY?

Game plan and road map to

Improve operational efficiency

and

save money!

IFMA – March 2017

FOR EXAMPLE:

15% ElectricReduction 26% Gas

Reduction

$4,300,000$730,000 savings per year!!

$3,570,000

IFMA – March 2017

THE NUMBERS

$1,600,000 per year in positive cash flow!

IFMA – March 2017

THE BOOK

IFMA – March 2017

FROM ASHRAE

IFMA – March 2017

ENERGY AUDITING

PreliminaryEnergy-Use

Analysis

•Calculate kBtu/ft2, $/ft2

•Benchmarking

•Compare to similar

•Compare to historical

IFMA – March 2017

PRELIMINARY ENERGY-USE ANALYSISCOMPARE TO SIMILAR

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 (𝑘𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑦𝑟)

𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑓𝑡2)

IFMA – March 2017

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 (𝑘𝑊ℎ/𝑦𝑟)

𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑓𝑡2)

PRELIMINARY ENERGY-USE ANALYSISCOMPARE TO SIMILAR

IFMA – March 2017

𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐺𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 (𝑘𝐵𝑡𝑢/𝑦𝑟)

𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑓𝑡2)

PRELIMINARY ENERGY-USE ANALYSISCOMPARE TO SIMILAR

IFMA – March 2017

$0.00

$0.50

$1.00

$1.50

$2.00

$2.50

$3.00

$3.50

$4.00

BINGHAMCREEK

LIBRARY

CALVINSMITH

LIBRARY

HOLLADAYLIBRARY

HUNTERLIBRARY

KEARNSLIBRARY

PARKLIBRARY

RIVERTONLIBRARY

RUTH TYLERLIBRARY

SANDYLIBRARY

WESTVALLEYLIBRARY

WHITMORELIBRARY

Uti

lity

Co

st In

ten

sity

[$

/ft2

/yr]

2007

2008

𝑈𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟 ($/𝑦𝑟)

𝐵𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 (𝑓𝑡2)

PRELIMINARY ENERGY-USE ANALYSISCOMPARE TO SIMILAR

IFMA – March 2017

PRELIMINARY ENERGY-USE ANALYSISCOMPARE OVER TIME TO PREVIOUS SELF

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Ene

rgy

[kW

h]

2007

2008

IFMA – March 2017

PRELIMINARY ENERGY-USE ANALYSISCOMPARE OVER TIME TO PREVIOUS SELF

???

IFMA – March 2017

BENCHMARKING SUMMARY Benchmark Questions?

IFMA – March 2017

ENERGY AUDITING

PreliminaryEnergy-Use

Analysis

• Calculate kBtu/ft2, $/ft2

• Benchmarking

• Compare to similar

• Compare to historical

Level 1Walk-Through

• Rough costs and savings for energy efficiency measures

• Identify Capital projects

IFMA – March 2017

ENERGY AUDITING

PreliminaryEnergy-Use

Analysis

• Calculate kBtu/ft2, $/ft2

• Benchmarking

• Compare to similar

• Compare to historical

Level 1Walk-Through

• Rough costs and savings for energy efficiency measures

• Identify Capital projects

Level 2Energy Survey &

Analysis

• End-use breakdown

• Detailed analysis

• Cost & savings for energy efficiency measures

• O&M changes

IFMA – March 2017

END-USE BREAKDOWN

Interior Equipment(medical equipment, computers, lamps, printers, coffee pot, anything you plug

into the wall)

Cooling / Refrigeration

Heating / Hot Water

Lighting

Fans / Pumps

Humidification

How Buildings Use EnergyHospital - Climate Zone 2B

Source: NREL Large Hospital 50% Energy Savings.

September 2010 Phoenix = Climate Zone 2B

IFMA – March 2017

How Buildings Use EnergyHospital - Climate Zone 2B

END-USE BREAKDOWN

Fans / Pumps 19%

Lighting 5%

Cooling / Refrigeration 28%

Interior Equipment 8%

Heating / Hot Water 36%

Humidification 4%

Source: NREL Large Hospital 50% Energy Savings.

September 2010 Phoenix = Climate Zone 2B

Interior EquipmentCooling / Refrigeration

Heating / Hot WaterLighting

Fans / PumpsHumidification

IFMA – March 2017

ENERGY AUDITING

PreliminaryEnergy-Use

Analysis

•Calculate kBtu/ft2, $/ft2

•Benchmarking

•Compare to similar

•Compare to historical

Level 1Walk-Through

•Rough costs and savings for energy efficiency measures

•Identify Capital projects

Level 2Energy Survey &

Analysis

•End-use breakdown

•Detailed analysis

•Cost & savings for energy efficiency measures

•O&M changes

Level 3Detailed Survey

& Analysis

•Refined analysis

•Additional measurements

•Hourly simulation

IFMA – March 2017

Critical Fields =

Example Name 1

System Building A

Service / Application HVAC

Manufacturer Carrier

Serial Number

Model 23XRV

VFD Yes/No Yes

Type Screw

Refrigerant Type R-134a

Cooler Fluid Type Fresh Water

% by weight (Cooler) 0%

Condenser Fluid Type Fresh Water

% by weight (Condenser) 0%

Economizer Yes/No No

Heat Rejection Type Air-Cooled

Annual Operating Hours hours 4300

Primary Control Variable / Criteria Pressure

Age Years

Current Chiller Conditions

Chiller Rated Capacity tons 240

Input kW kW 102

Evaporator Conditions

Entering Temperature deg. F 53

Leaving Temperature deg. F 44

Flow Rate - Full Flow GPM 639

Pressure Drop @ Full Flow FT WC 20

Fouling Factor, qualitative Good

Condenser Conditions List

Entering Temperature deg. F 80

Leaving Temperature deg. F 73

Flow Rate - Full Flow GPM 88

Chiller Inventory

Customer Equipment ID or Name

CH

ILLE

R D

ATA

CO

ND

ITIO

NS

& S

ET P

OIN

TS

Unit© E

TC G

rou

p 2

01

1

LOTS OF INFORMATION

Place Fan(s)

a Supply

a Return

a Relief

OA DamperMin OA Damper

Re

turn

Air

Dam

pe

r

Identify Coils

a Chilled Water

a Pre-Heat

a Heating

a Direct Expansion

Locate Components:

a Recirc Pumps

a Gas Burner

a Indirect Evaporative

a Direct Evaporative

a UV Lights

a Heat Recovery (Describe)

Locate Sensors:

a DAT Sensor (Averaging or Probe)

a RAT Sensor (Averaging or Probe)

a MAT Sensor (Averaging or Probe)

a Humidity Sensor

a Air Flow Stations

a CO2 Sensor

a Thermometer

Filter

Draw Piping Schematic:

a Circuit Setter Location

a Note Insulation Opportunities

Locate Humidifier

a

T

HAFS

CO2

SupplyAir

Relief Air

Project

Building

Area Served

Date/Time

Team

OAT

Location

AHU Tag

System TypeVAV, CV, Single Zone, MultiZone, Dual Duct

ReturnAir

L1/L2/L3 Questions?

IFMA – March 2017

HORROR STORIES

Simultaneous Heating and Cooling!!!

IFMA – March 2017

• What numbers matter to you?

• What do you need to take the next steps?

RESULTS

IFMA – March 2017

RESULTS

Measure #

Measure Description

Electric Savings

Project CostElectric Payback

Incentives Natural Gas SavingsCost After Incentives

Total Savings

Payback after Incentive

Financials

kWh/yr kW/mo* $/yr $ Years $ dth/yr Other $/yr $ $/yr Years NPV IRR

1 Controls Upgrades 823,200 162 $69,884 $269,475 3.9 $41,560 0 0.0 $0 $227,915 $69,884 3.3 $ 339,455 32%

2 Variable Primary Flow Pumping 216,800 39 $19,066 $78,125 4.1 $14,060 0 0.0 $0 $64,065 $19,066 3.4 $ 195,494 33%

3 VFD Chiller Retrofit (1st Chiller) 780,800 125 $64,488 $395,000 6.1 $50,640 0 0.0 $0 $344,360 $64,488 5.3 $ 533,562 22%

4 VFD Chiller Retrofit (2nd Chiller) 775,700 153 $65,812 $380,000 5.8 $50,310 0 0.0 $0 $329,690 $65,812 5.0 $ 566,256 23%

Project Totals 2,596,500 479 $219,250 $1,122,600 5.1 $156,570 0 0 $0 $966,030 $219,250 4.4 $ 2,018,779 26%

Annual Energy and Cost Savings Payback with Incentive

Peak

Demand

Savings

(kW)

Electricity

Savings

(kWh)

Gas/Fuel

Savings

(therms)

Total Cost

Savings

Measure

Cost

Potential

Utility

Incentive

Measure

Life

(years)

Net

Measure

Cost

IRR (over

Life of

Measure)

NPV*

Simple

Payback

(yr)

EEM-1 Replace Incandescent Lamps with CFLs 7.6 15,245 - 1,906$ 1,875$ 545$ 3

1,330$ 132% 3,958$ 0.7

EEM-2Reduce Pressure Setting on Pneumatic

Compressor- 2,312 - 206$ -$ -$

3-$ N/A 571$ -

EEM-3Install VFD on Tenant Condenser Loop Pump to

Reduce Flow19.0 163,872 - 25,188$ 17,386$ 13,110$

104,276$ 589% 200,021$ 0.2

EEM-4Install VFD and Implement Demand-Controlled

Ventilation for AHU-1- 12,448 423 2,290$ 11,136$ 1,418$

109,718$ 20% 8,855$ 4.2

EEM-5Install CO Sensors and VFD to Control Garage

Exhaust Fan18.8 48,948 - 8,811$ 25,616$ 3,916$

1021,700$ 39% 49,762$ 2.5

EEM-6Add Hot-Water Resets Control and Install

Condensing Boiler- 44,838 17,203 25,274$ 102,511$ 20,790$

2081,721$ 31% 261,758$ 3.2

EEM-7Replace Garage HPS Fixtures with LED Fixtures

with Integrated Motion Sensor6.8 29,854 - 4,114$ 29,598$ 2,174$

1527,423$ 12% 18,316$ 6.7

EEM-8 Repair Economizers on All Air Handlers 5.0 22,342 - 2,904$ 12,864$ 2,511$ 5

10,354$ 12% 2,577$ 3.6

Measure

NumberMeasure Description

IFMA – March 2017

• Controls Upgrades/Optimization

• HVAC (all)

• Repair/Upgrade

• Part Load Operation

• Systems Approach

• Building Envelope

• Lighting

• Upgrade/Control

OPPORTUNITIES

IFMA – March 2017

REAL NUMBERS: HOSPITAL

IFMA – March 2017

REAL NUMBERS: HOSPITAL

$210,000 savings per year!

1.2 year payback

IFMA – March 2017

REAL NUMBERS: HOSPITAL

IFMA – March 2017

REAL NUMBERS: HOSPITAL

$449,000 savings per year!

IRR194%

IFMA – March 2017

REAL NUMBERS: CASINO

Air Balance

Audit predicted $437,000 per year

$599,000 measured savings per year

IFMA – March 2017

REAL NUMBERS: HIGHER EDUCATION

IFMA – March 2017

REAL NUMBERS: HIGHER EDUCATION

Air Balance

$32,000 savings per year!

1.0 year payback

Example Questions?

IFMA – March 2017

• Competition with other projects

• Money

• Resources

• Staff

• Attention

• Risk

• Financials

POTENTIAL OBSTACLES

IFMA – March 2017

• Trust

• Habit

• Bureaucracy

• Egos

• Confusion getting started

• Others?

POTENTIAL OBSTACLES

IFMA – March 2017

• Dedicated EE budget

• Internal champions

• Track record

• Language (COGS)

• Culture / education

• Add to existing projects

• Outside funding / loans

• Start small and prove it

OVERCOMING OBSTACLES

IFMA – March 2017

• ASHRAE EEMs to Consider

• www.ashrae.org/PCBEA

• International Energy Agency

• Holistic Assessment Toolkit

• http://www.ecbcs.org/annexes/annex46.htm

• WSU Energy Auditor Checklist

• DOE Better Buildings

RESOURCESQuestions?

IFMA – March 2017

• 50% of benchmarking / feasibility study (up to $10,000)

• Standard rebates for common measures

• Custom rebates at $0.09/kWh

• https://www.aps.com/en/business/savemoney/rebates/Pages/home.aspx

UTILITY RESOURCES

IFMA – March 2017

Search:

“APS 2017 Quicklook”

IFMA – March 2017

• $3,000 Preliminary Assessment

• 50% of Technical Assessment (up to $10,000)

• Standard rebates for common measures

• Custom rebates at $0.10/kWh

• http://www.savewithsrpbiz.com/

UTILITY RESOURCES

IFMA – March 2017

www.savewithsrpbiz.com/

Questions?

IFMA – March 2017

THANK YOU!

Chris Jackson, PE, LEED-APPrincipal Engineer / Arizona Regional Director

ETC Group, LLC

cjackson@etcgrp.com

801.870.3705