SUMMARY OF THE ENERGY AUDITS IN AUSTRIA · ENERGY AUDITS SUMMARY AUSTRIA. Energy Audits Summary...

ALTENER PROJECT NUMBER EIE/04/252/S07.38608

Renewable Energy Sources and Micro CHP in Rural Lodges

GREEN LODGES ENERGY AUDITS SUMMARY

AUSTRIA

Energy Audits Summary

INDEX

1. Introduction _______________________________________________ 3

2. Panoramahotel Wagner _____________________________________ 4

3. Wetterkoglerhaus __________________________________________ 9

4. Peilsteinhaus _____________________________________________ 14

5. Otto Kandeler Haus________________________________________ 19

6. Ybbstalerhütte ____________________________________________ 24

7. Schneider Gössl- Hotel/Heurigen/Restaurant __________________ 29

8. Hubertushaus ____________________________________________ 33

9. Marianneum- Zentrum für Exerzitien und Meditation ____________ 38

10. Landgasthof- Wirt im Feld __________________________________ 43

11. Schiestlhaus am Hochschwab_______________________________ 47

12. Summary ________________________________________________ 51

Energy Audits Summary: Panoramahotel Wagner

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1. INTRODUCTION

This report is part of work package 1: „Analysis of the energy demand of rural lodges“ within the “Green Lodges” project. The inventory of rural lodges in Austria included 100 data sets. These data sets consisted of the following categories of rural lodges: alpine huts, small hotels, boarding houses, inns, old people homes and religious centres. Taking into account the project specifications for appropriate rural lodges the Austrian Energy Agency selected the following 10 lodges for the audit exercise:

Nr. Name of the rural lodge

1 Panoramahotel Wagner (small hotel)

2 Wetterkoglerhaus (mountain hut)

3 Peilsteinhaus (mountain hut)

4 Otto Kandler Haus (mountain hut)

5 Ybbstalerhütte (mountain hut)

6 Schneider Gössl "Das Heurigenrestaurant" (inn)

7 Hubertushaus (mountain hut)

8 Marianneum-Zentrum für Exerzitien und Meditation

(religious centre)

9 Landgasthof - Wirt im Feld (inn)

10 Schiestlhaus am Hochschwab (mountain hut)

Following the reporting procedures of green lodges project. This english report is the short summary version with the main results of the extended version in german language entitled: “Green Lodges – Work Package 1 – audit report”.

The following chapters include the results of the audit exercise of the 10 Austrian rural lodges.


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2. PANORAMAHOTEL WAGNER

Figure 1, Panoramahotel Wagner (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

LODGE’S GENERAL DATA

Name: Panoramahotel Wagner

Telephone: +43/2664/2512/0

Address: Hochstrasse 267, A-2680

Contact: Josef Wagner (owner)

Implemented RES Solar hot water system

LODGE’S DESCRIPTION

The Panoramahotel Wagner is open during the whole year except for 4 to 5 weeks after eastern and 4 to 5 weeks before Christmas. The hotel has 24 guest rooms and 39 beds. An average of 6700 to 7000 accommodations can be assessed during the year following the records of the hotel.

CONSTRUCTIVE CHARACTERISTIC

The Panoramahotel Wagner was built in the year 1965 and renovated in 1996. The heated gross space floor area was calculated with 1780 [m²] based on the floor plans of the building. The following thermal transmission coefficients can be assessed for the building:

Table 1, Thermal transmission coefficient Panoramahotel „Wagner“ (Source: Austrian Energy Agency and architect’s office Ortner, August 2005)

Component Thermal transmission coefficient [W/m²K]


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External wall (solid brick) 1,9

External wall (wood) 0,23

Windows 1,3

Roof 0,19

Basement ceiling 1,5

HEATING AND DOMESTIC HOT WATER PRODUCTION

The main system for heating and domestic hot water production are two low temperature gas boilers with a respective power output of 70 [kW]. The boilers are fuelled with natural gas. The installed hot water storage tank for the main heating and domestic hot water system has a volume of 1000 [l].

Figure 2, Viessmann low temperature gas boiler 70 [kW] installed in 1984 (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

For additional hot water production a solar system with a collector area of 30 [m²] and a hot water tank of 1500 [l] is installed. The output of the system can be assessed with 12500 [kWh/a]1. This leads to energy savings of around 1600 [m³] natural gas per year.

1 Source: Burgstaller Haustechnik GmbH


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Figure 3, Solarcollector 30 [m²] (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

SYSTEMS AND APPLIANCES THAT CONSUME ENERGY

The main appliances are: kitchen equipment, laundry equipment, cooling units and the ventilation system. The illumination system is partly equipped with energy saving lamps. The identified energy appliances including the specific electrical connection power of each device are listed in the main document (AEA, green lodges, draft report, August 2005).

The replacement of the energy consumers by new energy efficient equipment would lead to distinct energy savings. For the white goods a replacement by equipment with an energy label class A or similar energy efficient devices can be recommended.

ENERGY DEMAND

In the year 2004 41396,72 [m³] natural gas were used for heating and domestic hot water production. This value corresponds to an energy consumption rate of 229,0 [kWh/m²a]. The electrical power consumption for the year 2004 was 116184 [kWh].

The following figure shows the monthly electrical and thermal energy consumption for the Panoramahotel Wagner in 2004:


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Energy demand in the year 2004

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

100000

Jan. Feb. March April May June Juli Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

[kW

h] gaselectricity

Figure 4, Energy demand in the year 2004 (Source: Panoramahotel Wagner, July 2005)

IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Renovation

Renovations of the external walls (solid bricks) and the basement ceiling can be recommended. By an improvement of the insulation of the external wall (solid brick) (f. ex. to the low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 1,9 [W/(m²K)] to 0,18 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of at least 5% can be assumed by this action. By an improvement of the insulation of the basement ceiling (f. ex. to the low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 1,5 [W/(m²K)] to 0,28 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of a > 5% can be assumed by this action.

Heating and central hot water production

The replacement of the installed boiler is also recommended. With a state-of-the-art heating boiler (gas condensing boiler) the thermal energy consumption for heating can be reduced by > 10%. This should lead to savings of around 7900 [m³] natural gas per year.

These kinds of measures can be summarised through the following table:

Description Energy saving

(kWh/year)

CO2 saving (ton / year)

Economic saving (€/year)

Investment (€)

Simple pay-back (years)

Energy efficiency:


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Renovation (Insulation of the basement ceiling)

19663,4 3,9 1192,2 20820 17,5

Renovation (Insulation of external walls)

27528,8 5,5 N.A. 124600,5 N.A.

Change of the central heating boiler (gas condensing boiler)

75050 14,9 4550,4 13392 2,9

RES integration:

Solar hot water system* 12500 2,5 757,9 11550** 15,2**

*) System already installed **) Including subsidies

Energy Audits Summary: Wetterkoglerhaus

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3. WETTERKOGLERHAUS

Figure 5 Wetterkoglerhaus (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)


Name: Wetterkoglerhaus

Telephone: +43/3336/4224

Address: Neustift am Alpenwald 34, A-2870 Aspangberg- St. Peter

Contact: Luis Morgenbesser (renter); Helmut Habersohn, Austrian alpine association, Section Austrian mountain association

Implemented RES system: Non


The Wetterkoglerhaus is usually open from May to November every year. The hut has 4 guest rooms (10 beds) and a sleeping area for 36 people. An average of 25 to 28 accommodations per week can be expected during the year. This leads to around 1380 accommodations per year.


The Wetterkoglerhaus was built in the year 1899 and renovated in 1980. The heated gross space floor area was recorded with 400 [m²]. The following thermal transmission coefficients can be derived for the building:

Table 2, Thermal transmission coefficient, Wetterkoglerhaus (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)

Component Thermal transmission coefficient


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[W/m²K]

External wall (wood bar wall) 1,2

Isolated glass windows (basement)

2,5

Low energy windows (first floor)

1,3

Roof 0,4



For heating and domestic hot water production a central heating boiler with a power output of 27 [kW] is installed. The boiler operates with fuel oil (extra light). The installed hot water storage tank has a volume of 500 [l].

Figure 6, Windhager heating boiler [27 kW] installed in 1980 (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

An additional oven is located in the second guest room. The oven also operates with fuel oil (extra light). The oven is only rarely in operation.

Furthermore three small electrical direct heaters with a single heating capacity by app. 1 [kW] were identified.


The main appliances are: kitchen equipment, laundry equipment and cooling units. The illumination system is already equipped with energy saving lamps. The identified energy appliances including the specific electrical connection power of each are listed in the main document (AEA, green lodges, draft report, August 2005).

The replacement of the energy consumers – especially of the older ones – by new energy efficient equipment would lead to major energy savings. For the white goods a replacement by


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equipment with an energy label class A or similar energy efficient devices can be recommended.

ENERGY DEMAND

The energy demand for heating and domestic hot water production was assessed to approximately 6000 [l] fuel oil (extra light) per year following the records of the Wetterkoglerhaus. Accordingly a thermal energy demand of around 60000 [kWh/a] can be derived. This value corresponds to an energy consumption rate of 150 [kWh/m²a].

With the method of heat degrees the monthly thermal energy consumption was calculated. For the Wetterkoglerhaus the heat degree numbers for the region Styria, Hartberg, Waldbach (sea level: 626 [m]) were used. The heat degree numbers were adapted to a sea level of 1743 [m] based on the OIB method2. For the calculation the daily hot water consumption was estimated to 250 [l/d]. The following figure shows a calculation for the thermal energy consumption during the summer season:

Energy demand for heating and central hot water production

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.

[kW

h]

Figure 7, Energy demand for heating and central hot water production (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)

The Wetterkoglerhaus is connected to the electric grid since 1986. The electric energy demand for 2004 is around 26000 [kWh] based on the delivered information. Because there were no detailed monthly records for the electric energy consumption the design of an electric demand curve was not performed.

An additional energy consumption of liquid gas of app. 4500 [kWh] per year for the gas stove has to be mentioned.

2 Source: „Leitfaden für die Berechnung von Energiekennzahlen“, OIB, 1999


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IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Renovation

Renovations of the external walls and the windows can be recommended. By an improvement of the insulation of the external wall (f. ex. to the low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 1,2 [W/(m²K)] to 0,21 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of at least 15% can be assumed by this action. The replacement of the existing windows by low energy windows the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 2,5 [W/(m²K)] to 1,3 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of at least 5% can be assumed for this action. The replacement of the windows is recommended as a short-term action.

Heating and central hot water production

The replacement of the installed heating boiler is recommended. With a state-of-the-art oil condensing boiler the fuel oil consumption can be reduced by 30%3. To switch to a solid biomass fuel boiler should also be considered as a realistic option. Also by a solid fuel boiler (state of the art) a higher system efficiency can be reached than by the existing system. Furthermore the installation of a solid biomass boiler will lead to a major reduction of CO2 and governmental subsidies are a serious option for reducing the investment costs.

RES INTEGRATION

For additional hot water supply the installation of a solar hot water system can be recommended. The following dimensioning estimations are derived from the audit.

A hot water supply of 250 [l/d] corresponding to a yearly energy demand of 6360 [kWh/a] was the basis for the dimensioning of a solar hot water system. By usage of the available hot water tank with a storage volume of 500 [l] and the implementation of a collector with a size of 9 [m²] a solar covering rate of 55%4 can be achieved.



(kWh/year)



Investment (€)


Energy efficiency:

Renovation (Windows exchange)

3000 0,8 N.A. 16575 N.A.


9000 2,4 N.A. 42000 N.A.

3 Source: www.windhager.de, August 2005 4 Source: Simulationsprogramm “f-chart”, Version 7.03, Energietechnik aGmbH, 2000


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Change of the central heating boiler (oil condensing boiler)

18000 4,9 1231,2 7000 5,7

RES integration: Solar hot water system 6360 1,7 435 4600* 10,6*

*) Including subsidies

Energy Audits Summary: Peilsteinhaus

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4. PEILSTEINHAUS

Figure 8, Peilsteinhaus (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)


Name: Peilsteinhaus

Telephone: +43/2674/87333

Address: On top of the „Peilstein“ mountain (sea level: 716 [m])

Contact: Mr. Kühmayer (renter); Mr. Vondracek Austrian Alpine Association, Section Austrian mountain association

Implemented RES system:

Solar hot water system wood boilers


The Peilsteinhaus is usually open all over the year except of 3 weeks in summer. The hut has 6 guest rooms (14 beds) and a sleeping area for 61 people. The average accommodations are calculated to 2050 per year.


The construction of the Peilsteinhaus is to split in an old and a new housing stock. The old housing stock was renovated in 1950. The new housing stock was built in 1980. The roof was reconstructed in 1980. The heated gross space floor area was calculated with 580 [m²] following the floor plans of the building. The following thermal transmission coefficients can be derived for the building:

Table 3, Thermal transmission coefficients, Peilsteinhaus (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)


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External wall (old housing stock) 1,2

External wall (new housing stock) 0,5

Windows (old housing stock) 3,0

Windows (new housing stock) 2,5

Roof 0,5

Floor (old housing stock) 1,0

Basement ceiling (new housing stock) 0,8


For heating and domestic hot water production the following systems are installed:

(i). Fröling heating boiler 40 [kW] fuelled with fuel wood

(ii). Solid fuel stove 8 [kW] fuelled with wood and coal

(iii). Oven 9 [kW] fuelled with wood

(iv). Solar hot water system, collector size 12 [m²]

The installed hot water storage tanks have a volume of 3600 [l].


The main appliances are kitchen equipment, laundry equipment and cooling units. For the illumination mainly incandescent lamps (bulbs) are used. The replacement by energy saving lamps can be recommended. The identified energy appliances including the specific electrical connection power of each are listed in the main document (AEA, green lodges, draft report, August 2005).

The replacement of the energy consumers by new energy efficient equipment – especially of the old ones – will lead to distinct electrical energy savings. For the white goods a replacement by equipment with an energy label class A or similar energy efficient devices can be recommended. A replacement is recommended when new investments will take place.

ENERGY DEMAND

In order to meet the yearly heat and hot water demand around 25 [m³] to 30 [m³] stacked cubic meter of fuel wood and 1000 to 1500 [kg] coal are required for the Fröling wood boiler, the solid fuel stove and for the oven.

For the calculation of the energy contents of the fuel carriers the following assumptions have been made. The wood fuel consist of a wood mixture (different conifer trees) with a water content of around 40% based on the information of the lodge renter.


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This corresponds to an energy content of around 1460 [kWh/m³] per stacked cubic meter of wood. On the basis of these assumptions a yearly energy consumption of around 40150 [kWh] was calculated. The energy contents of the yearly coal consumption is around 9375 [kWh] (based on an energy content of 7,5 [kWh/kg]). In total an energy consumption rate of 85 [kWh/m²a] was calculated for the Peilsteinhaus.

With the method of heat degrees the monthly thermal energy consumption was derived. For the Peilsteinhaus the heat degree numbers for the region lower Austria, Mödling, Wienerwald (sea level: 431 [m]) were used. The heat degree numbers were adapted to a sea level of 716 [m] based on the OIB method5. For the calculation the daily hot water consumption was estimated to 300 [l/d]. The following figure shows a calculation for the thermal energy consumption:

Energy consumption for heating and central hot water production

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

[kW

h]

Figure 9, Thermal energy consumption for the Peilsteinhaus in 2004 (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)

The hut is connected to the electric grid. In 2003 the energy consumption for the hut was 31808,5 [kWh]. The following figure shows the monthly energy distribution in 2003:



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Electric power consumption in 2003

2400

2450

2500

2550

2600

2650

2700

2750

2800


[kW

h]

Figure 10, Electric power consumption 2003 (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)

IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Renovation

Renovations of the external walls, the windows and the roof can be recommended. By an improvement of the insulation of the external walls (old housing stock) (f. ex. to the low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced to 0,21 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of a > 15% can be assumed by this action. By an improvement of the insulation of the roof (f. ex. also to the low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 0,5 [W/(m²K)] to 0,13 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of around 5% can be assumed by this action. By the replacement of the existing windows by low energy windows the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced to 1,3 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of at least 10% can be assumed for this action. The replacement of the windows is recommended as a short-term action.

RES INTEGRATION

For additional hot water production a solar system with a collector size of 12 [m²] and a hot water tank of 2000 [l] is installed. An extension of the collector size is recommended because of the collective high volume (3600 [l]) of the already installed hot water tanks.


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These kind of measures can be summarised through the following table:


(kWh/year)



Investment (€)


Energy efficiency:

Renovation (Insulation of the roof)

2476,2 0,09 N.A. 18825 N.A.


4952,5 0,17 N.A. 38164,8 N.A.


7428,8 0,26 N.A. 30450 N.A.

RES integration:

Solar hot water system* 5000 3,72 600 6132** 10,2**

*) System already installed **) Including subsidies

Energy Audits Summary: Otto Kandler Haus

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5. OTTO KANDLER HAUS

Figure 11, Otto Kandler Haus (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)


Name: Otto Kandler Haus

Telephone: +43/2762/54168

Address: On top of the „Hohenstein” mountain (sea level: 1195 [m])

Contact: Johannes Jansch (manager); Austrian alpine association, Section St. Pölten

Implemented RES systems: Solar power plant Biomass stove


The Otto Kandler Haus is usually open from May to October every year. The hut has a sleeping area for 25 people. An average of 350 accommodations per year can be expected.


The Otto Kandler Haus was built in the year 1905 and renovated from 1998 to 2004. The heated gross space floor area was recorded with 140 [m²]. The following thermal transmission coefficients can be assessed for the building:


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Table 4, Thermal transmission coefficient Otto Kandler Haus (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)


External wall 1,2

Windows 1,3

Roof 0,27

Floor 1,0


For heating a solid fuel stove 7,5 [kW] and an additional oven are installed. Both systems are fuelled with wood. The additional oven is only rarely in operation.

Figure 12, Lohberger solid fuel stove 7,5 [kW] (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)


The main appliances are kitchen equipment and cooling units. The illumination system is already equipped with energy saving lamps. The identified energy appliances including the specific electrical connection power of each are listed in the main document (AEA, green lodges, draft report, August 2005).


ENERGY DEMAND

In order to meet the yearly heat demand around 5 [m³] stacked cubic meter of fuel wood are required for the solid fuel stove and for the oven.



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This corresponds to an energy content of around 1460 [kWh/m³] per stacked cubic meter of wood. On the basis of these assumptions a yearly energy consumption of around 7300 [kWh] was calculated. An energy consumption rate of 52 [kWh/m²a] was calculated for the Otto Kandler Haus.

With the method of heat degrees the monthly thermal energy consumption was calculated. For the Otto Kandler Haus the heat degree numbers for the region lower Austria, Lilienfeld, Türnitz (sea level: 466 [m]) were used. The heat degree numbers were adapted to a sea level of 1195 [m] based on the OIB method6. The following figure shows a calculation for the thermal energy consumption in the summer season:

Thermal energy consumption

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.

[kW

h]

Figure 13, Thermal energy consumption (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)

For the electric demand a solar power system with a collector size of 6,4 [m²] is installed. Each panel has a size of 0,8 [m²], a power rating of 100 [Wp], a mpp7 voltage of 34,5 [V] and a mpp power of 2,9 [A]. Two panels are assembled on the roof of the building. The other 6 panels are positioned free standing on the next mountain.


7 Mpp= maximum power point


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Figure 14, Free standing solar panels, power 600 [Wp] (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Renovation

Renovations of the external walls and the roof can be recommended. By an improvement of the insulation of the external wall (f. ex. to low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 1,2 to 0,21 [W/(m²K)]. By an improvement of the insulation of the roof (f. ex. to low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 0,27 [W/(m²K)] to 0,15 [W/(m²K)]. This recommendations would only lead to energy savings if the opening time gets extended.

RES INTEGRATION


A hot water supply of 50 [l/d] was the basis for the dimensioning of a solar hot water system. By usage of a hot water tank with a storage volume of 100 [l] and the implementation of a collector with a size of 2 [m²] a solar covering rate of 85%8 can be achieved. However, the pay back period for this measure is rather long (see next table).



(kWh/year)



Investment (€)


RES integration Photovoltaic system*** 753 0,56 753,2 Not

applicable* Not

applicable*

8 Source: Simulationsprogramm “f-chart”, Version 7.03, Energietechnik GmbH, 2000


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Solar hot water system 750 0,03 18 1148** 63,7**

*) The photovoltaic system was provided by the electricity supplier for free because no connection to the grid was possible. **) Including subsidies ***) System already installed

Energy Audits Summary: Ybbstalerhütte

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6. YBBSTALERHÜTTE

Figure 15, Ybbstalerhütte (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)


Name: Ybbstalerhütte

Telephone: +43/664/9886801

Address: On top of the mountain “Dürrnstein” (sea level: 1343 [m]), lower Austria

Contact: Josef Forstner (renter); Herbert Mader, Austrian alpine association, section Austria

Implemented RES systems: Solar power plant biomass stove


The Ybbstalerhütte is usually open from July to October every year. The hut has 8 guest rooms for 32 people. An average of 1500 accommodations can be expected per year.


The Ybbstalerhütte was built in the year 1905 and renovated in 1989. The heated gross space floor area was recorded with 350 [m²]. The following thermal transmission coefficients can be assessed for the building:


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Table 5, Thermal transmission coefficient Ybbstalerhütte (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)


External wall 0,2

Windows 1,6

Roof 0,15



For heating and domestic hot water production a solid fuel with a power output of 18 [kW] is installed. The system is fuelled with wood. The installed hot water storage tank has a volume of 300 [l].

Figure 16, Lohberger solid fuel stove, power output 18 [kW] (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

An additional oven is located in the second guest room. The oven is fuelled with wood and rarely in operation.


The main appliances are kitchen equipment and cooling units. The illumination system is already equipped with energy saving lamps. The identified energy appliances including the specific electrical connection power of each are listed in the main document (AEA, green lodges, draft report, August 2005).



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ENERGY DEMAND

In order to meet the yearly heat and hot water demand around 5 [m³] stacked cubic meter of fuel wood and 500 [kg] coal briquettes are required for the solid fuel stove and for the oven.


This corresponds to an energy content of around 1460 [kWh/m³] per stacked cubic meter of wood. On the basis of these assumptions a yearly energy consumption of around 7300 [kWh] was calculated. The energy contents of the yearly coal briquettes consumption is around 4150 [kWh] (based on an energy content of 8,3 [kWh/kg]). In total an energy consumption rate of 32,7 [kWh/m²a] was calculated for the Ybbstalerhütte.

With the method of heat degrees the monthly thermal energy consumption was calculated. For the Ybbstalerhütte the heat degree numbers for the region lower Austria, Scheibs, Göstling (sea level: 532 [m]) were used. The heat degree numbers were adapted to a sea level of 1343 [m] based on the OIB method9. For the calculation the daily hot water consumption was estimated to 200 [l/d]. The following figure shows a calculation for the thermal energy consumption in the summer season:

Energy consumption for heating and central hot water production

0

500

1000

15002000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

July Aug. Sept. Oct.

[kW

h]

Figure 17, Thermal energy consumption (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)

For the electric demand a solar power system with a collector size of 6,4 [m²] is installed. Each panel has a size of 0,8 [m²] and a power rating of 100 [Wp].



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Figure 18, Solar panels, power output 800 [Wp] (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

An additional energy demand of 6336 [kWh] for the gas stove and the cooling units were recorded. These systems are fuelled with liquid gas.

IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

RES INTEGRATION


A hot water supply of 200 [l/d] was the basis for the dimensioning of a solar hot water system. By usage of the available hot water tank with a storage volume of 300 [l] and the implementation of a collector with a size of 6 [m²] a solar covering rate of 50%10 can be achieved.



(kWh/year)



Investment (€)


RES integration

Photovoltaic system***

753 0,56 90,4Not

applicable* Not

applicable*

Solar hot water system

2500 0,09 60 3444** 57,4**

10 Source: Simulationsprogramm “f-chart”, Version 7.03, Energietechnik GmbH, 2000


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*) The photovoltaic system was provided by the electricity supplier for free because no connection to the grid is possible. **) Including subsidies ***) System already installed

Energy Audits Summary: Schneider Gössl

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7. SCHNEIDER GÖSSL- HOTEL/HEURIGEN/RESTAURANT

Figure 19, Partial view, Schneider-Gössl (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)


Name: Schneider Gössl- Hotel/Heurigen/Restaurant

Telephone: +43/1/8776109

Address: Firmiangasse 9-11, A-1130 Vienna

Contact: Mrs. Schneider (owner)

Implemented RES systems: Micro CHP


The Schneider-Gössl is open during the whole year. The hotel has 9 guest rooms and 20 beds. 3500 accommodations got recorded in the year 2004.


The heated gross space floor area was calculated with 825 [m²] following the floor plans of the building. The following thermal transmission coefficients can be derived for the building:

Table 6, Thermal transmission coefficient „Schneider-Gössl“ (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)


External wall (solid brick) 0,9

Isolated glass windows 2,5

Double Windows 3,0


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Attic floor (not extended part) 1,0

Roof 1,0

Roof (extended part) 0,15

floor 1,0


For heating and domestic hot water production a Micro CHP was installed in 2003. The Micro CHP has a thermal output of 12,3 [kW] and an electrical output of 5 [kW]. The Micro CHP operates with natural gas. The installed hot water storage tank has a volume of 1000 [l].

Figure 20, Micro CHP, thermal output 12,3 [kW], electrical output 5 [kW] (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

To cover the thermal peak loads a low temperature gas boiler 44 [kW] got installed.

An additional tilt stove is located in the guest room. The tilt stove is fuelled with wood and is only in charge in the winter time.


The main appliances are kitchen equipment, laundry equipment and cooling units. The illumination system is already equipped with energy saving lamps. The identified energy appliances including the specific electrical connection power of each are listed in the main document (AEA, green lodges, draft report, August 2005).



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ENERGY DEMAND

In the period from May 2004 to April 2005 a gas consumption of 12017,718 [m³] natural gas was recorded. This corresponds to an energy demand of 114168,318 [kWh]. In total an energy consumption rate of 171,737 [kWh/m²a] was calculated for the Schneider-Gössl.

Following to the records of Schneider-Gössl an average electricity consumption of 79709 [kWh/a] was calculated in the years 2004 and 2005.

With the method of heat degrees the monthly thermal energy consumption was calculated. For the Schneider-Gössl the heat degree numbers for the region Vienna, Hietzing (sea level: 200 [m]) were used. For the calculation the daily hot water consumption was estimated to 500 [l/d]. The following figure shows a calculation for the thermal energy consumption and the average electricity consumption:

Average gas and electricity consumption 2004/2005

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000


[kW

h] gas

electricity

Figure 21, Average gas and electricity consumption 2004/2005 (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)

IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

Renovation

Renovations of the external walls, the windows, the attic floor and the roof can be recommended. By an improvement of the insulation of the external wall (f. ex. to low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 0,9 [W/(m²K)] to 0,18 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of > 15% can be assumed by this action. By an improvement of the insulation of the roof (f. ex. to low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 1,0 [W/(m²K)] to 0,17 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of up to 5% can be assumed for this action. By an improvement of the insulation of the attic floor (f. ex. to low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 1,0 [W/(m²K)] to 0,17 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of at least 5% can be assumed for this action. By the replacement of the existing windows by low energy windows the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced to 1,3 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of at least 5% can be assumed


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for this action. The replacement of the windows and the insulation of the attic floor is recommended as a medium- to short-term action.



(kWh/year)



Investment (€)


Energy efficiency:

Renovation (Insulation of the attic floor)

5710 1,1 346,1 9410 27,2


17125 3,4 N.A. 86625 N.A.


11420 2,3 N.A. 21937,5 N.A.

RES integration:

Micro CHP* 37000 **) 30 **) 1363,64 15000 11*) System already installed

**) based on the cumulated energy demand!

Energy Audits Summary: Hubertushaus

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8. HUBERTUSHAUS

Figure 22, Hubertushaus (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)


Name: Hubertushaus

Telephone: +43/676/3409068

Address: Auf der Wand 8, A-2732 Höflein

Contact: Mr. Suranyi (renter); Mr. Kropp, Austrian alpine association, Section Austrian mountain association

Implemented RES systems: Biomass stove


The Hubertushaus is usually open from March to October every year. The hut has 5 guest rooms (20 beds) and a sleeping area for 30 people. An average of 900 accommodations can be expected during the year.


The heated gross space floor area was calculated with 350 [m²] following the floor plans of the building. The following thermal transmission coefficients can be derived for the building:

Table 7, Thermal transmission coefficient Hubertushaus (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)


External wall (with insulation) 0,3

External wall 1,2


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Double windows 3,0

Roof 0,2

Floor 1,0


For heating and domestic hot water production a solid fuel stove with a power output of 8 [kW] is installed. The system is fuelled with wood. The installed hot water storage tank has a volume of 200 [l].

Figure 23, Solid fuel stove with a thermal power output of 8 [kW] (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

In the second guest room an additional oven is located. The oven is fuelled with wood and only rarely in operation.


The main appliances are kitchen equipment, laundry equipment and cooling units. The illumination system is already equipped with energy saving lamps. The identified energy appliances including the specific electrical connection power of each are listed in the main document (AEA, green lodges, draft report, August 2005).



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ENERGY DEMAND

In order to meet the yearly heat and hot water demand around 20 [m³] stacked cubic meter of fuel wood (red beech) are required for the solid fuel stove and for the additional oven.

For the calculation of the energy contents of the fuel carriers the following assumptions have been made. The wood fuel consist of a (red beech) wood with a water content of around 40% based on the information of the lodge renter.

This corresponds to an energy content of around 1800 [kWh/m³] per stacked cubic meter of wood. On the basis of these assumptions a yearly energy consumption of around 36000 [kWh] was calculated. An energy consumption rate of 103 [kWh/m²a] was calculated for the Hubertushaus.

With the method of heat degrees the monthly thermal energy consumption was calculated. For the Hubertushaus the heat degree numbers for the region lower Austria, Wiener Neustadt (sea level: 450 [m]) were used. The heat degree numbers were adapted to a sea level of 946 [m] based on the OIB method11. For the calculation the daily hot water consumption was estimated to 150 [l/d]. The following figure shows a calculation for the thermal energy consumption during the summer season:

Energy demand for heating and central hot water production

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

10000

March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct.

[kW

h]

Figure 24, Energy demand for heating and central hot water production (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)



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The Hubertushaus is connected to the electric grid. The electric energy demand for 2004 is around 14583,3 [kWh] based on the delivered information. Because there were no detailed monthly records for the electric energy consumption the design of an electric demand curve was not performed.

IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

Renovation

Renovations of the external wall (without insulation) and the windows can be recommended. By an improvement of the insulation of the external wall (f. ex. to low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 1,2 [W/(m²K)] to 0,3 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of 5% to 10% can be assumed by this action. The replacement of the existing windows by low energy windows the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced to 1,3 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of at least 5% can be assumed for this action. The replacement of the windows is recommended as a short-term action.

RES INTEGRATION


A hot water supply of 150 [l/d] was the basis for the dimensioning of a solar hot water system. By usage of the available hot water tank with a storage volume of 200 [l] and the implementation of a collector with a size of 5 [m²] a solar covering rate of 53%12 can be achieved.



(kWh/year)



Investment (€)


Energy efficiency:


1800 0,06 N.A. 9750 N.A.

Renovation (Insulation of external wall)

2700 0,09 N.A. 9187,5 N.A.

RES

12 Source: Simulationsprogramm “f-chart”, Version 7.03, Energietechni GmbH, 2000


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integration:

Solar hot water system 2000 1,49 240 5166* 21,5*

*) Including subsidies

Energy Audits Summary: Marianneum

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9. MARIANNEUM - ZENTRUM FÜR EXERZITIEN UND MEDITATION

Figure 25, Marianneum (Photo: Österreichsche Energieagentur)


Name: Marianneum- Zentrum für Exerzitien und Meditation

Telephone: +43/1/8043301

Address: Hetzendorferstr. 117, A-1120 Vienna

Contact: Mr. Neumann (manager)

Implemented RES systems: Micro CHP, Solar hot water system, chiller


The Marianneum is open during the whole year. The building has 34 guest rooms and 66 beds. An average of 2000 accommodations can be expected during the year.


The Marianneum got renovated in 1987. The heated gross space floor area was recorded with 2390 [m²]. The following thermal transmission coefficients can be assessed for the building:

Table 8, Thermal transmission coefficient Marianneum (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)


External wall (solid bricks) 1,1



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Double windows 3,0

Low energy windows 1,3

Roof 0,2



For heating and domestic hot water production a Micro CHP was installed in 2003. The Micro CHP has a thermal output of 34 [kW] and an electrical output of 18 [kW]. The Micro CHP is fuelled with natural gas and can be assessed with 3400 operating hours per year. The installed hot water storage tank has a volume of 2000 [l].

Figure 26, Micro CHP, thermal output 34 [kW], electrical output 18 [kW] (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)

To cover the thermal peak loads a boiler with a respective power output of 116 [kW] is installed. The peal load boiler was built in 1988 and is fuelled with heating oil (extra light).

Two storage systems with a volume of 1000 [l] (each) are available for hot water storage purposes. For emergency the systems consist of an E patron.

Additional two chillers are installed to cover the heat load in the winter period. Each chiller has a power of 4,5 [kW].

For additional hot water production a solar system with a collector area of 20 [m²] is installed. The output of the system can be assessed with 9000 [kWh/a].


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Figure 27, Installed solar panels (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)


The main appliances are kitchen equipment, laundry equipment and cooling units. The illumination system is already equipped with energy saving lamps. The identified energy appliances including the specific electrical connection power of each device are listed in the main document (AEA, green lodges, draft report, August 2005).

The replacement of the energy consumers by new energy efficient equipment would lead to distinct electrical energy savings. For the white goods a replacement by equipment with an energy label class A or similar energy efficient devices can be recommended.

ENERGY DEMAND

In the year 2004 a demand of 15586,88 [m³] natural gas was recorded. Further 696 [l] fuel oil were used for the peak load boiler. This corresponds to an energy demand of 155035,32 [kWh] in this year. In total an energy consumption rate of 64,87 [kWh/m²a] was calculated for the Marianneum.

With the method of heat degrees the monthly thermal energy consumption was calculated. For the Marianneum the heat degree numbers for the region Vienna, Meidling (sea level: 180 [m]) were used. For the calculation the daily hot water consumption was estimated to 300 [l/d]. The following figure shows a calculation for the thermal energy consumption:


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Thermal energy demand (2004)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000


[kW

h]

Figure 28, Thermal energy demand in the year 2004 (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)

The electricity consumption in the year 2004 was 55680 [kWh] following the records of Marianneum. Because there were no detailed monthly records for the electricity consumption the design of an electric demand curve was not performed.

IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

Renovation

Renovations of the external walls and the windows can be recommended. By an improvement of the insulation of the external wall (f. ex. to low energy building standard) the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced from 1,1 [W/(m²K)] to 0,18 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of at least 15% can be assumed by this action. The replacement of the isolation glass windows and the double glass windows by low energy windows the thermal transmission coefficient can be reduced to 1,3 [W/(m²K)]. An energy saving of at least 5% can be assumed for this action. The replacement of the windows is recommended as a short-term action.



(kWh/year)



Investment (€)


Energy efficiency:


7165 1,4 N.A. 19500 N.A.


21495 4,3 N.A. 125475 N.A.

RES integration:


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Micro CHP** 46.000 ***) 37 ***) 1710 34200 20Solar hot water system** 9000 1,8 545,7 8400* 15,4*

*) Including subsidies **) System already installed ***) based on the cumulated energy demand!

Energy Audits Summary: Landgasthof- Wirt im Feld

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10. LANDGASTHOF - WIRT IM FELD

Figure 29, Haupteingang Wirt im Feld (Photo: Austrian Energy Agency)


Name: Landgasthof- Wirt im Feld

Telephone: +43/7252/38222

Address: Ennserstr. 99, A-4407 Dietachdorf/Steyr

Contact: Mr. Schweinschwaller (owner)

Implemented RES/micro-CHP system: Micro CHP


Landgasthof „Wirt im Feld“ is operated by Mr. Schweinschwaller together with a staff of 20 people. For the analysis in this project the old building was used including 23 guest room and 39 beds. In average around 3.330 accommodations can be considered per year.

CONSTRUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

The outer walls from Landgasthof „Wirt im Feld“ originate from the 18th century. These stone walls are unisolated. The thickness is around 100 [cm] in the ground floor, around 40 to 50 [cm] in the first floor. The wooden truss was enlarged to a new attic floor (second floor) with around 200 [m²]. In this area the wooden truss was isolated with a 15 [cm] layer of mineral wool. The windows are mainly – beside of the new attic floor – isolated windows from the 1980’s. The windows in the attic floor are low energy windows. The heated gross space floor area was calculated with 750 [m²] following the floor plans of the building. The following thermal transmission coefficients can be derived for the building.

Table 9, Thermal transmission coefficient Marianneum (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)


External wall, ground floor (stone wall 100 1,5


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[cm])

External wall, first floor (solid bricks 40 [cm]) 1,4

Low energy windows (partly in the first floor) 1,3

Isolated windows 2,5

Roof (renovated in the years 1979 and 1985t) 0,5

Stone floor with insulation board 1,0

New attic floor

Heat protection windows 1,3

Roof 0,13


The main system for heating and domestic hot water consists of 4 gas condensing boilers (ecoVIT VKK 476 from Vaillant company). These boilers have a rated power output of 45 [kW]. Another feature of the energy system is a new PEFC EURO 2 fuel cell system from Vaillant company (power outputel: from 1,5 to 4,6 [kW]; thermal powerth: 3 to 11 [kW]).

Figure 30, left side: 45 [kW] gas condensing boilers Vaillant ecoVIT right side: EURO 2 PEFC fuel cell system (Photos: Austrian Energy Agency)

Two storage systems with a volume of 500 [l] (each) are available for hot water storage purposes. For emergency the systems consist of an E patron.


The main appliances in this building are typical for inns: kitchen equipment, laundry equipment, cooling units and the ventilation system. The illumination system is already equipped with energy saving lamps. The identified energy appliances including the specific electrical connection power of each device are listed in the main document of this work package (AEA, green lodges, draft report, August 2005).


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The replacement of the energy consumers by new energy efficient equipment would lead to distinct electrical energy savings, especially of the old ones. For the white goods a replacement by equipment with an energy label class A or similar energy efficient devices can be recommended.

ENERGY DEMAND

The gas consumption was 24300 [m³] natural gas in the year 2003. This corresponds to an energy demand of 230850 [kWh] in this year. In total an energy consumption rate of 307,8 [kWh/m²a] was calculated for the Gasthof “Wirt im Feld”.

With the method of heat degrees the monthly thermal energy consumption was derived. For the Gasthof “Wirt im Feld” the heat degree numbers for the region upper Austria, Dietach (sea level: 313 [m]) were used. For the calculation the daily hot water consumption was estimated to 500 [l/d]. The following figure shows a calculation for the thermal energy consumption (both for heating and domestic hot water):

Energy demand for heating and domestic hot water (2003)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000


[kW

h]

Figure 31, Energy demand for heating and domestic hot water for Gasthaus “Wirt im Feld” in 2003 (Source: Austrian Energy Agency)

The electricity consumption in the year 2003 was 168000 [kWh] following the records of Gasthof “Wirt im Feld”.

IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

Renovation

Removal of the isolated glass windows by low energy windows (improvement of the thermal transmission coefficient from 2,5 [W/(m²K))] to 1,3 [W/(m²K))]. By this measure energy savings of at least 5 to 10 % are expected.


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A better isolation of the roof (for ex. by the implementation of the low energy building standard) could improve the thermal transmission coefficient from 0,5 [W/(m²K)] to 0,13 [W/(m²K)]. This measure will lead to energy savings of at least 5 %.

The improvement of the isolation of the outer building walls (for ex. also to a lower energy standard) could reduce the thermal transmission coefficient from 1,4 - 1,5 [W/m²K)] to 0,18 [W/(m²K)]. This measure could result in energy savings of up to 15%.

In a short to medium term the realisation of first two measures are recommended. The third measure is recommended in the long-term in combination with the refurbishment of the whole building.

MICRO CHP INTEGRATION

A further option is the installation of a fired micro CHP unit. Based on the yearly heat and hot water consumption a 10 kWel (20 kWth) unit could be considered especially after the project end of the PEFC EURO 2 fuel cell testing. First calculation result in around 4000 to 5000 operating hours per year.



(kWh/year)



Investment (€)


Energy efficiency:

Renovation (Insulation of the basement ceiling)

161 3,2 N.A. 45000 N.A.


34627,5 6,9 N.A. 78750 N.A.


11542,5 2,3 N.A. 27787,5 N.A.

RES integration:

Micro CHP** 32000 *) 25 *) 4000 35000 9 *) based on the cumulated energy demand! **) System already installed

Energy Audits Summary: Schiestlhaus

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11. SCHIESTLHAUS AM HOCHSCHWAB

Figure 32, The „Schiestlhaus“ in the Hochschwab Region using passive house technology (Photo: Umweltmeßtechnik, Pilz)


Name: Schiestlhaus am Hochschwab

Telephone: +43/1/8943191

Address: On top of the “Hochschwab” mountain(sea level: 2153 [m])

Contact: DI Marie Rezac (Treberspurg & Partner Architekten Ziviltechniker – GmbH)

Implemented RES systems: Micro CHP, Solar hot water, Solar power plant,


The Schiestlhaus of the Austrian Tourist Club (ÖTK) is located at an altitude of 2154 [m] above sea level on a plateau directly under the main summit of the Hochschwab. As the existing, already 120 year old building is in a very bad condition, the owner decided for a replacement. The ÖTK agreed to realize the the first large mountain refuge built to achieve passive house standards.

So far the Schiestlhaus is open during the year from the end of May till the End of October. Around 1200 to 2200 accommodations are expected per year. For the employees 700 accommodations have to be considered per year. The Schiestlhaus has five 4 bed rooms and four sleeping areas for 5/10/20/30 persons.


The south-facing facade was designed as an energy-facade system and is the main energy supplier for the building.


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(i) The bottom storey has large windows serves the passive of solar energy,

(ii) The upper storey features 46 [m2] of facade-integrated solar collectors for the generation of thermal energy.

(iii) A PV system with a total surface area of 68 [m2] has been installed in front of the solid construction bottom storey


The calculated heat demand for this building (passive house standard) is 14 [kWh/m²a]. The heated gross space floor area can be determined with 416 [m²] following the architecture bureau „pos architekten“. The following transmission coefficients for the different components can be assumed for the building.

Table 10, Average thermal transmission coefficients for the Schiestlhaus (Source: Treberspurg & Partner Architekten Ziviltechniker–GmbH)


External walls 0,114

Windows 0,8

Roof 0,104

Floor (over the basement) 0,197

Heat and domestic hot water supply is provided by three buffer storage tanks with a total capacity of 2400 [l] which are fed by the following systems:

(i). The thermal solar energy system with collector areas of 62,5 [m²] covering 80% of the heat demand of the building,

(ii). A rape oil micro CHP unit with an electrical power output of 14 [kW] and a thermal power output of 24 [kW]. This unit was installed mainly for emergency purposes and for battery services.

(iii). A Lohberger solid fuel oven (ZEH-90.18.3) with a rated power output (based on solid wood) of 14 [kW]

Table 11, Micro CHP data of the rape oil unit „KWE 14P-4 SI“ (Source: KW Energietechnik)

Used fuel: rape oil (RK-quality standard 05/2000)

Operating method: isolated operation

Electric power output: app. 14 [kW]

Thermal power output: app. 27 [kW]

Performance ratio: app. 85 [%]

Fuel consumption: app. 5,2 [l/h] at full load


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Noise pressure level: app. 57 [dB/A] at 1 [m] distance

Flow temperature: max. 85°C

Return temperature: max. 70°C

Figure 33, Rape oil micro CHP plant (Photo: Ingeneurbüro Wilhem Hofbauer)


The main appliances in this building are typical for mountain huts: kitchen equipment, laundry equipment, cooling units and the illumination system. All systems have been optimised by extremely low consuming appliances. For example for lighting in the building (indoor and outdoor) fluorescent lamps with 8 [W] are used, the lighting area in the guest area are equipped with LED lamps with 1,5 [W].

ENERGY DEMAND

The Schiestlhaus will be opened by the beginnings of September 2005. The heating demand is estimated to 5824 [kWh/a]. The energy consumption and the connection power connection for the different energy consumer is listed below following the Treberspurg & Partner Architekten Ziviltechniker–GmbH.

Table 12, Power connection and energy comsumption (Source: Treberspurg & Partner Architekten Ziviltechniker – GmbH)

Illumination Kitchen HKLS+ARA*) Other consumers

Connection power 0,68 [kW] Limited to 2,8 [kW]

2,41 [kW] 1,24 [kW]

Daily consumption 4075 [Wh/d] 13975 [Wh/d] 22300 [Wh/d] 3445 [Wh/d]

*) HKLS – heating, climatisation, ventilation; ARA – wastewater treatment


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70 % of the electrical energy demand of the building will be covered by the PV system. The total power output is 7,5 [kWp], the total installed collector area amounts to 52,3 [m²].

Figure 34, Installed PV system (Photo: Treberspurg & Partner Architekten Ziviltechniker – GmbH)

IMPROVEMENT ACTIONS

The Schiestlhaus is a typical example of an alpine mountain refuge, a typical example of a building in “island location” in Austria and in the whole alpine region. These refuges are situated at locations exposed, difficult to reach, and ecologically very sensitive. The Schiestlhaus was built using latest technologies in order to reduce the energy consumption to a minimum. The energy system and all components will achieve an intense testing in order to receive information about practicability and sectoral multiplication. At this stage no suggestions for improvement actions could be identified. Nevertheless the building has been selected in order to disseminate to the other project partners latest Austrian RTD achievements.


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12. SUMMARY

Based on WP1 activities the Austrian Energy Agency made an inventory of rural lodges including 100 data sets. The listed lodges consisted of the following categories: alpine huts, small hotels, boarding houses, inns and religious, meditation centers. Taking into account the project specifications for appropriate rural lodges the Austrian Energy Agency selected 10 lodges for an audit exercise.

Six lodges were selected from the category “alpine huts”. Alpine huts are situated at locations that are exposed, difficult to reach, and ecologically very sensitive. Their location far away from the public networks of power supply and water as well as of sewers often causes great problems concerning supplies as well as high environmental impacts. In order to cover as many different kinds of alpine huts a wide range of lodges was selected using different energy carriers and already implementing different RES/energy efficiency measures.

At present the pilot project “Schiestlhaus” is an optimum example for an alpine refuge. This lodge already having passive house standard fulfils all criteria for a green sustainable lodge and is the Austrian best-practice example for an environmental friendly alpine hut. For the other five refuges improvement measures have been suggested taking into account RES integration and renovation activities. For huts connected and/or not connected to the public grid PV, solar hot water systems and biomass stoves/boilers are a serious option for the energy system.

For the category inns two objects were selected. Beside of different suggested renovation activities both having installed and/or potential for micro CHP units. One lodge even tests at present a PEFC EURO2 fuel cell micro CHP plant from Vaillant company.

Further investigations included a small hotel and a religious center. For both units solar thermal systems offer a serious possibility in order to cover the hot water and partly the heating demand during the year.

All lodges have major potential in renovation activities. However, the simple pay back periods are rather long for these kind of measures (especially for alpine refuges having lower energy consumption rates compared to small hotels, etc.). However, these kind of measures are suggested in the context of a overall renovation concept taking into account also other aspects (like rebuilding, comfort improvements, etc.). For renovation activities special subsidy schemes have been foreseen in Austria in order to activate investments. Both the subsidy schemes for the integration of RES, micro-CHP units, energy efficiency measures and for renovation activities will be extensively covered by WP 2 activities.

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