Energy
description
Transcript of Energy
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Energy
The balloon was filled with HydrogenHydrogen .
Along with Oxygen, the contents of the balloon
combined to form waterwater.
The energy stored in the balloon is ALL chemicalchemical
What forms of energy did this transform into?
Heat , Mechanical, Radiant, SoundHeat , Mechanical, Radiant, Sound
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L.o.C.o.E.
The amount of energy we started with is
more than
equal to equal to less than
the amount we ended with.
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L.o.C.o.E•
Energy cannot be CreatedCreated !
•Energy cannot be DestroyedDestroyed !
•Energy can ONLY be TransformedTransformed !
• This simple set of statements is called the Law
of Conservation of EnergyConservation of Energy .
•When any energy is transformed, heatheat is always released.
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THE BASICS:THE BASICS:
• Energy can be measured with two basic units:
CaloriesCalories and JoulesJoules •
Energy can be found in two (2)two (2) different TYPES!
•POTENTIAL ENERGY: storedstored
• KINETIC ENERGY: movingmoving
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THE BASICS:THE BASICS:
• Energy is found in 77different FORMS!
• Most energy forms can be found as both types.
• Some cannot be stored by themselves, only transformed into from other forms.
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CHEMICALENERGY
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CHEMICAL ENERGY:• Chemical energy is stored in chemical bondschemical bonds•
Plants use a process called photosynthesisphotosynthesis to
store the sun’s energy as sugars in fruits and roots.
•CO2 + Water + ENERGYENERGY → Sugar + Oxygen gas
•The plant takes in the raw materials of COCO22 and
waterwater and then uses the sun’s radiant energy to
““glue”glue” them together.
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CHEMICAL ENERGY:•
Chemical energy is used when bondsbonds are broken.
• We eat the sugar and use the energy to make chemicals
that we need to live. This is called respirationrespirationSugar + Oxygen gas → CO2 + Water + ENERGYENERGY• The amount of Calories in our food can be determined by
burning the food in a calorimeterburning the food in a calorimeter
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HEATENERGY
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HEAT ENERGY:
• Heat occurs whenever particles collidecollide • Two things happen when heat is added to
particles speed upspeed up and spread outspread out
• The average speed of particles is called
temperaturetemperature
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HEAT ENERGY:•
Heat ALWAYS travels from HOTHOT to COLDCOLD until temperatures are the same.
•“Cold” refers to something that has less heatheat than something else.
• When something gets “cold”, heat is being
removedremoved
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HEAT ENERGY:• Conduction- direct contact with direct contact with
temperature differencestemperature differences • Convection- circulation within a circulation within a
fluid (liquids and gases )fluid (liquids and gases ) • Radiation- an electromagnetic wave an electromagnetic wave
called INFRARED.called INFRARED.
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ELectricalENERGY
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• Electricity is usually stored as chemical energy.
• One chemical givesgives electrons; the other
takes takes electrons.
• Static electricity can occur when there is a
buildup of electronselectrons.
• Opposite charges attract attract • Like charges repel repel
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• The balloon has been rubbed on your hair. Draw the charges you would find on the balloon and the wall.
Wall
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• Two balloons have been rubbed on your head. Draw their interaction in the space below.
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• You place your hand on the Van de Graaf generator. Draw your hair AND the charges you would predict.
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• Electricity refers to the flow of
electrons electrons • A circuit must be closed closed
(completed) (completed) for electrons to flow.
• There are two types of circuits
series series and parallelparallel
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• SERIES CIRCUIT– Shares the voltage– Adding a light makes all of them dimmer– One goes out…they all go out
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• PARALLEL CIRCUIT– All receive maximum voltage– Adding a light changes nothing– One goes out…the rest stay on
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY:
• Voltage (Volts): electrical pressure electrical pressure (the umpf behind the electrons) (the umpf behind the electrons)
Amperage (Amps): the frequency of the frequency of electrons electrons
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mechanical
ENERGY
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MECHANICAL ENERGY:
• Also called gravitational potential energy:
P.E. = mghP.E. = mass mass X gravity gravity X height height kg m/s2 m
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MECHANICAL ENERGY:
• Kinetic Energy – The energy of motionThe energy of motion
K.E. = ½ mv2
K.E. = ½ mass mass X velocityvelocity2
kg m/s
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MECHANICAL ENERGY:
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nuclearENERGY
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NUCLEAR ENERGY:
Protons Positive (+)Positive (+)
Neutrons Neutral (0)Neutral (0)
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NUCLEAR ENERGY:
Nuclear energy holds the nucleus together. It would love to fly apart!
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NUCLEAR ENERGY:
Nuclear fission is when the nucleus of large atoms is split.
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Uncontrolled Fission !!!
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Controlled Fission !!!
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radiantENERGY
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RADIANT ENERGY:
• What is light? An electromagnetic wave
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RADIANT ENERGY:
Light is produced when a charged a charged particle is vibrated.particle is vibrated.
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RADIANT ENERGY:
EM waves travel at the “speed of light”
which is… 300,000,000 300,000,000 m/s m/s or or
300 thousand 300 thousand km/skm/s
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RADIANT ENERGY:
What is a wavelength?
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RADIANT ENERGY:
Which wavelengths have the most / least energy?
• Name some types of light in the spaces below.
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RADIANT ENERGY:
What wavelengths of light CAN been seen by humans?
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soundENERGY
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SOUND ENERGY:
• Sound is a wave of matter
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SOUND ENERGY:
• Sound cannot travel through a vacuum.
• Sound travels slowest through a GAS, fastest through a SOLID.
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SOUND ENERGY:
• What is frequency?– The number of wavelengths that pass by a The number of wavelengths that pass by a
point in one second. point in one second. – Measured in HertzMeasured in Hertz
• What is pitch?– Refers to how high or low a tone isRefers to how high or low a tone is
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SOUND ENERGY:
• Doppler Effect: