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![Page 1: Enel strategy for zero emission power generation Pietro Barbucci Enel Research Workshop “Energia da fonti rinnovabili – Ricerca cooperativa e prospettive.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062423/56649de95503460f94ae36ef/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Enel strategy for zero emission power
generation
Pietro Barbucci
Enel Research
Workshop “Energia da fonti rinnovabili – Ricerca cooperativa e
prospettive per l’Italia e l’Ungheria”
Budapest, 29th November 2007
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Content
Achievements so far in the environmental field
Increasing the share of CO2 free power
R&D projects towards Zero Emission Power Generation
Solar Power
Geothermal Power
Zero emission coal generation
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Enel group
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Achievements so far
in the environmental field
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Voluntary agreement signed with the Ministeries of Environment and Industry in 2000
Enel commitment to reduce CO2 emissions
Enel committed itself to reducing its specific emission to
510 g CO2/kWh by 2006
Enel committed itself to reducing its specific emission to
510 g CO2/kWh by 2006
68
56
2000 2005
Enel's total emission (Mton)
618
501 <500
1990 2005 2006
Enel specific emission trend gCO2/kWh
Target 510
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Not only CO2
Enel’s achievements in pollutant reduction
Trend 2005 vs 2000:
SO2 - 64%
NOx - 33%
Dust - 70%
ESP / FF DeSOxDeNOx
Flue gas cleaning train
Enel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve Enel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve
environmental performance of thermal power plantsenvironmental performance of thermal power plantsEnel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve Enel has invested 4 billion Euro since the ’90s to improve
environmental performance of thermal power plantsenvironmental performance of thermal power plants
5,3
2,5
0,9
2,8
0,90,6
0,40,1 0,03
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1990 2000 2005
g/k
Wh
SO2
NOx
Dust
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Increasing the share of
CO2 free power
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Enel’s renewable capacity
Canada 22 MWHydro, biomass
USA 380 MWHydro, wind
Guatemala 69 MW - Hydro
Costa Rica55 MW - Hydro, wind
Chile100 MW - Hydro
Italy 15,358 MW Hydro, geothermal, wind, solar
Spain900 MW
Hydro, wind, cogeneration
Slovakia 2.329 MW
Hydro
Brazil97 MW - HydroPanama
300 MW - Hydro
In the period 2007-2011 further 1.700 MW of renewable
capacity will be added with a total investment of 3.3 billion
Euros
Present capacity ~19.600 MW
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Back to nuclear power
Nuclear units for a total of 1760
MWe in operation in Slovakia
Completion of units 3&4 of
Mochovce NPP (further 880 MWe)
started
EPR – MoU with EdF for the
participation to the Flamanville
project for the construction of an
EPR unit
Slovenske Elektrarne
Mochovce nuclear power station
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Changing generation mix while reducing CO2 emissions
Increasing renewable share
Eliminating oil as a fuel
Using NG only in high
efficiency CCPP
Building new coal capacity
using best available
technologies
Enel Italian generation mix
24% 27% 30%
22%25%
50%9%
19%
20%
45%
29%
2002 2004 Target 2012
Oil and NG Steam Cycles
NG CC
Coal
Renewables
Year
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Enel’s high efficiency NGCC
Porto Corsini
Pietrafitta
Priolo Gargallo
La Casella
Termini Imerese
La Spezia
Total capacity ~5.000 MW
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In Italy Enel plans to built 5000 MWe clean
coal capacity, substituting existing oil fired or
NG fired steam cycles
Clean coal plant characteristics:
Closed coal management system
= 45%
extremely low emission levels
Torrevaldaliga Nord Power Plant 3 units, 2000 MWe
First unit in service: Autumn 2008
These assets need to be preserved in the
carbon constrained scenario CCS retrofit
technologies required
Clean Coal Technologies
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R & D projects
towards
Zero Emission Power Generation
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Growth in renewables 3,300 million Euros
Innovation project 800 million Euros
The areas The approach
Lighthouse projects
using BAT
Demo projects
using advanced technologies
t
Enel’s environment and innovation programmeLaunched September 2006
» Renewables
» Energy efficiency
distributed generation
» Towards “zero emissions”
& hydrogen
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Enel’s environment and innovation programme
Renewable energy
Archimede project
Innovative PV project
Low-enthalpy geothermal power
Energy farm
Energy efficiency and distributed generation
Innovative tri-generation
Smart grid
Green islands
Towards “Zero Emission” and Hydrogen Platform
Innovative combustion
CO2 post-combustion capture
CO2 geological sequestration
Hydrogen Park
Hymix for road transport
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The Archimede project
An innovative solar thermodynamic
plant
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Archimede projectDemonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology
NG Combined cycle Solar thermodynamic plant
Air NG
Flue gas
Steam
Pump
To chimney
Condenser
Molten salts
Steam
Pump
540°C
540°C550°C 290°C
The integration sheme
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The solar plant will be integrated
with Priolo NGCC
Virtual view
Demonstrating a hybrid high temperature solar technology
Archimede project
Project features:
Net power: 4,7 MWe
Net efficiency: 15,6%
Mirror field surface: 8 ha
Annual gross production: 9,7 GWh
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Priolo Gargallo
The existing NGCC power plant
The site has been selected because:
» Combined Cycle Power Plant with steam
integrability chance
» High Global Insulation: 4,7÷4,8
kWh/(m2 day) (max Italian value)
» Constant and predictable climate
» Not windy
» Space available for solar field (100ha)
» Flat site with 360° free horizon
» Good auxiliary structures
1350
1750
kWh/m2
Global insolation in Sicily Priolo Gargallo site
Site selection
Archimede project
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Innovative PV project
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2121
Meteo station
Solar simulator
Climatic chambers
Prototype1
Prototype 2
Catania PV laboratories
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Concentrated photovoltaic system based on triple-junction cells (Sol3g)
Catania PV laboratories
Net power 4 kWp
System efficiency 26%
Number of modules 112
Active surface 16 m2
Dimensions 5x4.8 m
Weight 800 kg
Angular precision 0.5 degree
Wind resistence 140 km/h
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Adrano PV demonstration site
150kW Si-based concentrating technology
420kW Multi-junction concentrating technology
300 kW Flat modules on tracking system
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Innovating geothermal
generation
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The project
Current situation
Conventional organic binary cycle with 1 or 2 pressure levels
Realization of 0.5MW binary cycle demo plant
Optimization of cycle configuration in order to achieve high flexibility
Identification of optimal working fluid
Realization of hybrid demo-plant (geothermal+solar)
Identification of a hybrid cycle able to optimize efficiency and power production of low-enthalpy plants
Secon
d law
effi
cie
ncy
25%
50%
Time1 year 2-3 years
Low enthalpy geothermal project
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Low enthalpy – Binary plants
For water dominant resources
with temperature lower than
180°C, the binary cycle
technology is the most efficient
The geofluid energy is
transferred through a heat
exchanger to a secondary fluid
that works in a closed ORC
cycle
The binary power plants have
the least environmental impact
due to the “confinement” of the
geofluid
Condenser
Turbine
Generator
Pump
Injection well
Injection pump
Production well
Geothermal reservoir
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Binary plants
Applications for high enthalpy resources
Bottom-cycle: exploitation of
the brine’s thermal energy
exiting the flash vessel
Exploitation of the heat of
the condensing vapor
exiting the atmospheric
turbine
Combination of the two
solutions as depicted in the
figure
Heat-Recovery secondary
cycles:
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Sesta experimental station
Binary cycle demo plant
Gas turbine combustor test facility
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Zero emission coal generation
Demonstrating carbon capture and
sequestration technologies
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Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)Why
Enel shares the views expressed by the European Institutions and the Zero
Emission Fossil Fuels Power Plants Technology Platform that:
Fossil fuels will continue to have a primary role for electricity generation in the
decades to come
Contribution of coal is essential for the security of supply
Only the implementation of CCS technologies will allow to make the continued
use of fossil fuels compatible with the objectives to reduce the GHG emissions
in the atmosphere
Enel needs to preserve its current investments in clean coal capacity
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Post-combustion capture
Pre-combustion capture
Fuel
AirBoiler CO2 separation
N2, O2, H2O
CO2
separation
CO2 treatment and compression
H2
Air
GT
CO2
CO2
Oxy-combustion
CO2, (H2O)
Transport to
storage site
(CO2, H2O) recirculation
N2, O2, H2O
Flue gas
O2
Gasification +
gas shift
H2, CO2
O2
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)How
BoilerFuel
Fuel
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This is why Enel has decided to take the lead in the development of
CCS technologies by:
Promoting two demo projects in the areas of post-combustion post-combustion
capturecapture and oxy-combustionoxy-combustion technologies
Developing knowledge and looking for cooperation in the area of pre-
combustion technology
Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)What
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Content of the presentation
» Enel CCS1
Post-combustion capture and storage demo project
» Enel CCS2
Oxy-coal combustion project
» Power from Hydrogen & Zero Emission IGCC
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Post-combustion capture
and storage demo project
Enel CCS1
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Post-combustion capture and storage demo project
Project goal
To retrofit one large size
coal fired unit with CO2
capture equipment and
start CO2 underground
storage by 2012
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
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Time schedule
Design - construction
Design - construction Operation
Operation
Post-combustion capture and storage demo project
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
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37Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant
Brindisi coal fired power plant
4 units x 660 MWe
Site of CO2
capture pilot plant
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Raw gas Process main streams
Gas flow rate (wet) 10.000 Nm3/h
CO2 removed 2,25 t/h
MEA solution flow rate (20%,w)
50 t/h
Low pressure steam 6,5 t/h
Cooling water 700-800 t/h
Temperature 50 °C (max)
SO2 < 30 mg/Nm3
NO2 < 40 mg/Nm3
SO3 < 1 ppmv
Particulate < 2 mg/Nm3
Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant
Plant specifications
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
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Plant lay-out
Project milestones
Specification completed Jun 07
Deadline for bids Oct 07
Contract award Dec 07
Start site works Mar 08
Plant completion Dec 08
Phase 2 –CO2 capture pilot plant
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
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Italy has theoretically a
significant potential for CO2
geological storage into deep
saline aquifers
Studies are in progress to
evaluate in detail the storage
potential in areas A, B and C
that are the areas surrounding
possible sites for the post-
combustion capture demo.
Studies are carried out by
INGV, OGS and other Italian
geological Institutes
Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage site
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
A
B
C
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MATILDE 1 well
Geological Profile
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage siteStudy of Alto Lazio site (area A)
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42Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Phase 3 – Selection of the geological storage siteStudy of the South-East Site (area B)
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Demo main features
Phase 5 – Post-combustion demo plant
Type of Project Retrofit
Power generation 660 MWe
Primary fuel Bituminous coal
Power Generation Tech SC PCC
% of flue gas treated 30-50 %
CO2 Capture Tech Post Combustion Capture with Amine
Stored CO2 1-1,5 Mt/y
CO2 Capture rate 85%
CO2 Storage solution Deep saline aquifer
Storage location To be decided
CO2 value chain Pure storage
Enel CCS1Enel CCS1
Enel will candidate this project for
the “European Flagship Programme”
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Enel CCS2
Oxy-coal combustion project
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Oxy-coal combustion project
Project goal
To build by 2012 a small
(35-70 MWe) zero emission
coal fired power plant based
on a pressurized oxy-
combustion technology
already proved at pilot scale
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
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Time schedule
Oxy-coal combustion project
Design - construction
Operation
Operation
Design - construction
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2Decision point
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47Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
Oxy-coal combustion projectPhase 1 and 2
Preliminary design of Preliminary design of
full scale combustor full scale combustor
demodemo
Investment Investment
decision for Phase decision for Phase
33
November 2007November 2007
Good results so far
Positive decision expected
Tests using coal on Tests using coal on
the 5 MWth the 5 MWth
Isotherm pilot plant.Isotherm pilot plant.
ITEA facility in Gioia del Colle
Modelling for combustor scale-up
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Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 3 - Full scale combustor demo
Technical dataMilestones
Combustor power 48 MWt
Process pressure 10 bar
Fuel coal slurry
Boiler pressurized, new design
Oxygen cryogenic storage/VSA
Oxygen mass flow rate 400 t/d @ 90% purity
Steam generation 55 t/h @ 240 bar - 600°C
Yearly operating hours 3000 h
Invest decision Nov 07
Detailed Eng May 08
Permitting compl Jun 08
Ground breaking Sep 08
Commissioning Dec 09
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
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ISOTHERMReactor Pressurized
Boiler
Flue gas treatment
A.S.U.
Oxygen Storage
Blower
C.W.F.Preparation
Plant
Oil
Coal AshesTanks
C.W.F.
Control Room
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo
Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
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50Enel CCS2Enel CCS2
Oxy-coal combustion project
Phase 3 – Full scale combustor demo
Brindisi coal fired power plant
4 units x 660 MWe
Site of full scale combustor
demo
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Power from Hydrogen
&
Zero Emission IGCC
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Power from Hydrogen
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
Petrochemical area
Fusina power plant
H2 piping
GT order Mar 07
Combustor tests Sep 07
Start site works Dec 07
Plant completion Dec 09
A 12 MWe combined cycle fed by hydrogen produced by petrochemical
industries
Project milestones
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Enel GEM - AT Ricerca
Test Rig
Internal view of the GT GE10 STD combustion chamber
Power from Hydrogen
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
GT combustor tests at Sesta facility
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Enel GEM - AT Ricerca
Power from Hydrogen
The Fusina hydrogen power plant
0
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@15
%O
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HYDROGEN
NATURAL GAS
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Steam/Fuel "NG" [kg/kg]
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%O
2]
HYDROGEN
NATURAL GAS
NOx emissions with steam injection
Results from the first combustor test
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Enel initiatives
Enel is partner of:
DYNAMIS, a project funded under the 6th FP, for a pre-
engineering study of the European ZEIGCC
DECARBit, a proposal to the 7th FP currently under negotiation,
focused on high-potential, cost-efficient advanced capture
techniques in pre-combustion schemes
Enel is looking for cooperation opportunities in demonstrating Zero
Emission IGCC technology
Zero Emission IGCC
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Thank you
for your kind attention