Endocrine Project
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Transcript of Endocrine Project
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ENDOCRINE PROJECTBy: Katie GlaeserMelanie Olmedo8th
January 13, 2014
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Female Gonads (ovaries)
The female gonads (ovaries) are located in the pelvis, one on each side of the uterus.
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HORMONES •MAJOR:• ESTROGEN• PROMOTES THE
DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF FEMALE SEXUAL CHARACTERISTICS
• PROGESTERONE• PREPARE AND
MAINTAIN THE BODY FOR PREGNANCY
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Hormones Continued
Minor: LH (luteinizing hormone)
triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum.
FSH(follicle stimulating hormone) released by the anterior pituitary gland
HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin) produced during pregnancy
GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
released during a menstrual cycle or giving birth
Relaxinproduced during pregnancy
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TypesSteroid hormones: Estrogen
and Progestero
ne
Sex hormones: estrogen
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Hormones Affect on the Body
The two hormones affect the body by controlling the development of female body characteristics such as:
Breasts Body Shape Body Hair They also regulate the menstrual
cycle and pregnancy. Increases growth of bones during
adolescence that lead to adult height and proportions.
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Homeostasis
Progesterone is most active in females during ovulation and pregnancy where it maintains appropriate conditions in the human body to support a developing fetus.
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Homeostasis Continued• Estrogens- A loss contributes to • Negative effects on the brain and
homeostasis • Estrogen helps improve blood flow to the
brain and prevents Alzheimer disease • Blocks the production of chemicals contributing
to it. • Increases the level of serotonin
• a chemical in the brain known to improve mood.
• A loss of estrogen can not only affect womens physical health but mental health as well
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POSITIVE FEEDBACK:
• OCCURS BEFORE OVULATION
• ESTROGEN CAUSES THE RELEASE OF GNRH(GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE) FROM THE HYPOTHALAMUS• LH(LUTEINIZING
HORMONE) FROM THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY
• LH CAUSES THE RELEASE OF ESTROGEN
Causes Menstrual Cycles
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Negative Feedback:
• Occurs after Ovulation• Corpus luteum
secretes progesterone because of the LH hormone• Progesterone inhibits
GnRH from the hypothalamus and LH from the anterior pituitary
Stops Menstrual Cycles
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Animation
• http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter28/animation__positive_and_negative_feedback__quiz_2_.html
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OVARY FAILURE
Hypogonadism
• Causes: genetic disorders, infection, liver and kidney disease, radiation
• Effects: no hormones are produced, no menstrual cycles
• Treatments: Hormone based medicines usually come in pills or skin patches.
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Ovary Failure Continued•Causes: aging •Effects: hot flashes, night sweats, discomfort, urine infections, and incontinence•Treatments: HRT (hormone replacement therapy), this treatment wont stop menopause from happening but it will make it less unbearable
Menopause
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DISEASES
Ovarian Cancer
• Tumors arise most commonly from the epithelium of the ovary
Ovarian Cyst
• Sac filled with fluid or semifluid materials
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Diseases Continued
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
•irregular periods, acne, obesity, and excessive hair growth. •Stein-Leventhal syndrome. •number of small cysts.
Premature Ovarian Failure
•women stop having periods at a very early age
Ovarian Torsion
•Partial or complete rotation of the ovary with its fallopian tube on its ligaments , inhibits the blood supply to the ovary
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Sources
• http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8978• http://faculty.stcc.edu/AandP/AP/AP2pages/reprod/female1.htm• http://www.healthywomen.org/condition/progesterone• http://www.menopauseatoz.com/00058.shtml• http://www.ovarydisease.com/>• http://www.medicinenet.com/ovarian_cancer/article.htm> • http://www.medicinenet.com/polycystic_ovary/article.htm> • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001195.htm