Enbe town report mustaqim choo 2014


Content:1. INTRODUCTION (3)

2. A TOWN (4 – 6)

3. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION ~ Ancient City (7 – 11)

4. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION ~ Present City (12 – 15)

5. INVESTIGATION & DATA COLLECTION ~ Future City (16 – 18)

6. RADON ~ TOWN OF EDUCATION THROUGH SUSTAINABILITY (19-27)

7. CONCLUSION (28)

8. REFERENCES (29 – 30)



Introduction

For the final ELEMENTS OF NATURAL AND BUILT ENVIRONMENTS (ENBE) project, we are tasked to create and propose a new town for the increasing amount of citizens in Malaysia. We, being the mayor of the new town has to propose a new town layout really quickly. The town has to be able to provide sustainability for the citizens and the future.

Students are given several choices in choosing a theme to create a new town or by re-enhancing a current town. Such as, a town with a lake, a town on a small island, a town with a river flowing right through the town, a town next to the sea or estuary.

So for this project, we have to conduct intense research online and research on books to know the type of grid systems that are suitable. At the same time, for a proper urban town planning, we have to consider zonings of the town, activities, transportation and networking infrastructure and sustainable initiatives for better living.



TOWN

DEFINITION

/toun/

noun: town; plural noun: towns

an urban area that has a name, defined boundaries, and local government, and that is generally larger than a village and smaller than a city

A BRIEF HISTORY

A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world.

The legal definition of a town in Canada varies by province or territory, as each has jurisdiction over defining and legislating towns, cities and other types of municipal organization within its own boundaries.

The province of Quebec is unique in that it makes no distinction under law between towns and cities. There is no intermediate level in French between villageand ville (municipality is an administrative term usually applied to a legal, not geographical entity), so both are combined under the single legal status


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec


of ville. While an informal preference may exist among English speakers as to whether any individual ville is commonly referred to as a city or as a town, no distinction and no objective legal criteria exist to make such a distinction under law.

COMPONENTS OF A GOOD SUSTAINABLE TOWN

~ A town that appreciates and embraces its history and culture.

~ A town that has a desire to change for the better.

~ Basic transportation for mobility of people.

~ Well organized zones that equally separates spaces.

~ Civilization of the people in the town as adjacent to the future.

~ Heritage of the town that has established well.

~ Waste are recycled and used as resources that does not decompose.


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ville


INVESTIGATION AND DATA COLLECTION

ANCIENT TOWN

HARAPPA



The Harappan City was divided into the upper town called the Citadel and the lower town. The various features of the Harappan town Planning is given below:

Granaries: The granary was the largest structure in Mohenjodaro, in Harappa there were about six granaries or storehouses. These were used for storing grain.

Great Bath: This was another important structure in Mohenjodaro. The floor of the bath had five layers. It was so watertight that even today it holds water. There were changing rooms. People probably used it during festivals and religious ceremoies.

Town Hall: A palace-like building that looked like an assembly hall for the city government of for people to meet.

Lower Town: This was the residential area where the common people lived.

Streets: The roads and streets intersected at right angles. There were covered drains along the road. Houses were built on either side of the roads and streets.

Drainage System: The drainage system of the Harappan cities was the best known to the world in ancient times. The brickwork prevented the dirty water from leaking. Wooden screens stopped the solid wastes from being washed away with the water. Drains were built either side of the roads. They were



covered with stones which could be removed in order to clean them.

Houses: The houses varied in size. Some might have been two storeyed. The houses were made of burnt bricks. Most of the houses had central courtyard, well, bathing area and kitchen.



ANCIENT TOWN

ANGKOR WAT

ArchitectureSpread over an area of more than 200 hectares, the Angkor Wat was built using the two fundamental plans of Khmer architecture: the Temple Mountain and the Galleried Temple. According to the Temple Mountain plan, the temple is depicted as Mount Meru, the abode of Hindu Gods. The wall and moat enclosing the temple, represent mountains and oceans respectively. The temple's conformity with the Khmer architecture, can be best understood if we divided the temple into an outer structure and inner structure.

StructureOuter StructureThe temple complex is enclosed within a 190 m wide moat. A stretch of 30 m wide open ground separates the moat from the 4.5 m high outer wall that surrounds the temple on all four sides. Entry to the temple complex is guarded by an impressive architectural structure, which is on each side of the outer wall, is known as the gopura. Inside the walls lies an area of 820,000 square meters that not only has the temple, but that once also housed the entire city and the royal palace.



Inner StructureThe inner structure contains the temple, that stands on a raised terrace made of three rectangular galleries, rising to a central tower. The three galleries are believed by some to represent Brahma - the creator according to Hindu mythology, the moon, and Vishnu the Hindu god who is supposed to be the preserver of all forms of life. The central tower forms a quincunx with the other towers on the gallery to represent mount Meru, surrounded by other peaks.By the 12th century the Khmer craftsmen had become skilled workers of sandstone. The temple is made of sandstone, and is intricately decorated with scenes from Hindu epics, like the Ramayana and Mahabharata. It preserves the style of the Khmer period, in the form of towers that are shaped like lotus buds, cruciform terraces and axial galleries that connect enclosures.

Although the temple follows the basic principles of Khmer architecture, unlike other temples built around the same time, the Angkor Wat faces the west. Some believe that this deviation from the usual orientation of Khmer temples towards the east, is because it is dedicated to Lord Vishnu, who is associated with the west direction. However, some other scholars believe that orientation towards the west direction reflects Suryavarman II's desire to use the temple for personal funerary purpose.

Angkor Wat is the largest temple in the world that has been compared to the architecture of Rome and ancient Greece. It has been a part of the Angkor World Heritage Site since 1992 and is a symbol of pride for the people of Cambodia.



Hence, I would like to extract the town grid from the Harappa Town and the culture and history loving spirit of Angkor Wat.

PRESENT TOWN

TOWNSVILLE, QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA

into my town Townsville is a city on the north-eastern coast of Queensland, Australia. Adjacent to the central section of the Great Barrier Reef, it is in the dry tropics region of Queensland.Townsville is Australia's largest urban centre north of the Sunshine Coast, with a 2013 population estimate of 189,238,Considered the unofficial capital of North Queensland,



Townsville hosts a significant number of governmental, community and major business administrative offices for the northern half of the state.

Popular attractions include "The Strand", a long tropical beach and garden strip; Riverway, a riverfront parkland attraction located on the banks of Ross River; Reef HQ, a large tropical aquarium holding many of the Great Barrier Reef's native flora and fauna; the Museum of Tropical Queensland, built around a display of relics from the sunken British warship HMS Pandora; The Townsville Sports Reserve; and Magnetic Island, a large neighbouring island, the vast majority of which is national park.

Inner city high-density development has also created population growth and gentrification of the central business district (CBD). One significant contributor to CBD development was the construction of a new rail passenger terminal and moving the railway workshops, releasing prime real estate which formerly belonged to Queensland Rail for the development of residential units, retail projects and a new performing arts centre. The skyline of Townsville's central business district has undergone dramatic changes over the last few years, with a number of new highrise buildings, both commercial and residential, constructed.

In the short term, much of the urban expansion will continue to the west and the north, in the former City of Thuringowa. The most significant of these is North Shore Estate, a new A$1 billion 5,000-lot housing estate, located close to the Bruce Highway, just north of the Bohle River. Medium term expansion of Townsville will be focused on two major urban developments anticipated to start soon. Rocky Springs, a satellite city to the south of Townsville, is expected to eventually be home to 55,000 people. Additionally, the State Government announced it will be offering 270ha of State-owned land (the former abattoir reserve), just south of the Bohle River, for future urban expansion.



As a result, I would also like to implement Queensville’s CBD strategies.



FUTURE TOWN

GWANGGYO POWER CENTRE, SOUTH KOREA

The new city center designed by Dutch architects MVRDV for Gwanggyo, a city coming up 35 kms from Seoul in South Korea seems to be something taken out of the sci fi movies. Expected to be completed by 2011, the city is sufficient enough to hold 77000 inhabitants and has a design envisioned with two centers which is a mix of housing, culture, office, retail, and leisure and education spaces. Various atriums are created in the towers catering to various categories, with box hedges being planted on the roofs and terraces which in turn improves ventilation and reduces usage of energy and water.



[Press Release]MVRDV wins Gwanggyo City Centre Competition, near Seoul, South Korea

The Daewoo Consortium and the municipality of Gwanggyo announced the MVRDV concept design for a dense city centre winner of the developer’s competition for the future new town of Gwanggyo, located 35km south of the Korean capital Seoul. The plan consists of a series of overgrown hill shaped buildings with great programmatic diversity, aiming for high urban density and encouragement of further developments around this so-called ‘Power Centre’, one of the envisioned two centre’s of the future new town.

Since the beginning of the millennium local nodes with a high density concentration of mixed program are used in Korean town planning. These nodes consist of a mix of public, retail, culture, housing, offices and leisure generating life in new metropolitan areas and encouraging further developments around them: the Power Centre strategy. The Gwanggyo Power Centre will consist of 200,000m2 housing, 48,000m2 offices, 200,000m2 mix of culture, retail, leisure and education and 200,000m2 parking.



This diverse program has different needs for phasing, positioning and size. To facilitate this all elements are designed as rings. By pushing these rings outwards, every part of the program receives a terrace for outdoor life. Plantations around the terraces with a floor to floor circulation system store water and irrigate the plants. The roofs of these hills and the terraces are planted with box hedges creating a strong, recognizable, cohesive park. This vertical park will improve the climate and ventilation, reduce energy and water usage. As a result a series of overgrown green ‘hills’ appear in the landscape.

The site is surrounded by a beautiful lake and forested hills, the design aims to create a landscape on top of the new program that enlarges the green qualities and that links the surrounding parks by turning the siteinto a park.



The shifting of the floors causes as a counter effect hollow cores that form large atriums. They serve as lobbies for the housing and offices, plazas for the shopping center and halls for the museum and leisure functions. In each tower a number of voids connect to the atrium providing for light and ventilation and creating semi-public spaces. On the lower floors the atriums are connected through a series of public spaces on various levels linking the towers and serving the outdoor facilities of the culture, retail and leisure program. The Power Centre creates a dense urban program with a green regard.

Because of this, The element at Gwanggyo Town can be implemented in my Town is the “Power Center” and high urban density. It has a floor to floor circulation system which is store water and irrigate the plants. Beside that it also have a climate ventilation which is reduce energy and water usage. So that my Town will be looks more like green and sustainable town.



INSPIRED BY NATURETOWN OF FREYLAKE

Based on all the studies and research that I have done, I have decided to create a town with a lake. This is because my main objectives of town will be a business and tourism hub related to the lake.

My town will consist of 80% of greenery throughout the town as all the transportation routes are underground. I have chosen the name Freylake for my town as it carries the meaning of peace and fertility.

This town grid system will be square grid system as this grid happens to be a very structural grid as shown in the investigation about ancient city ; Harappa. The reason of choosing it to be an business and tourism hub is because of Townsville that has the connecting sea to the ports in Australia.

As for my transportation, all of the transportation routes will be underground to reduce Co2 gasses as much as possible.



ZONING OF FREYLAKE



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OVERALL MASTER PLAN OF FREYLAKE



CONCLUSION

AFTER WEEKS OF CONTINUOUS RESEARCH I REALIZE THAT A TOWN DOES NOT MEAN EVERYTHING HAS TO BE UNIFORM AND TO BE STRUCTURED BUT HOW SUSTAINABLE IT CAN BE TO BE ABLE TO SUPPORT THE LIVES OF THE CITIZENS AND THE FUTURE LIVING IN THE TOWN.

SUSTAINABILITY IS NOT ABOUT HOW EXPENSIVE OR POSH THE MATERIALS ARE, BUT HOW THE MATERIALS LAST AND HOW MUCH EFFORT AND SWEAT HAS BEEN APPLIED IN ORDER TO MAKE IT POSSIBLE THAT MATTERS MORE.

IT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW THAT WHAT PEOPLE USUALLY NEED TO SUSTAIN THEIR LIVES AND FOR THEIR CONVENIENCE. BESIDE, WHILE PLANNING A TOWN, IT IS HARD TO ARRANGE AND INSERT THE GREEN SPECIES SUCH AS TREES AND FOREST, GREEN TECHNOLOGIES SUCH AS SOLAR ENERGY INTO A LAYOUT OF THE TOWN. ONCE THE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE TOWN IS ACHIEVED, THE CITIZEN ARE ALREADY LIVING IN THE FUTURE BECAUSE FUTURE TOWN IS A GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE TOWN.



REFERENCES

- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town#Australia

- http://www.tuvie.com/future-new-town-of-gwanggyo-with-plantations-around-the-terraces/

- * Roach, J. (2014). Lost City of Mohenjo Daro -- National Geographic. [online] National Geographic. Available at: http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/archaeology/mohenjo-daro/?rptregcta=reg_free_np&rptregcampaign=20131016_rw_membership_r1p_intl_dr_w#

- * Centre, U. (2014). [online] Whc.unesco.org. Available at: http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&l=en&id_site=948&gallery=1&&maxrows=22

- * Whitaker, A. (2014). Mohenjo Daro. [online] Ancient-wisdom.co.uk. Available at: http://www.ancient-wisdom.co.uk/Pakistanmohenjo.htm


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town#Australia

Enbe town report mustaqim choo 2014

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