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MF 1excellence in science
Extensive system solutions for universities
Our range of products – future-proof and targeted
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 1 09.03.2009 10:06:21 Uhr
university
Göttingen ist one of the most famous university
towns in Germany. Natural sciences have a long-
lasting tradition here. More than 40 Nobel Prize
winners such as Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Max
Planck, and Werner Heisenberg worked and lived
in Göttingen and established the city‘s reputation
as a university and cultural town.
Göttingen is where PHYWE is based. Our good
name along with the synonym for quality “made
in Germany” enabled us to become a global mar-
ket leader in education and teaching in natural
sciences. With a long tradition of nearly 100
years, PHYWE develops, produces, supplies, and
installs:
n experiments
n solution systems
n scientific equipment
n e-learning systems
n software
and services such as:
n training
n installation
n pre- and after-sales support
n technical consulting
More than 145,000 customers in more than 95
countries – mainly universities, colleges, schools,
private institutes, museums, and science centres
– have chosen PHYWE solutions.
We are a leading global developer, manufacturer,
and supplier of teaching materials in the fields of
physics, chemistry, biology, and applied sciences.
We continually improve our programme with
constant quality control and evaluation, in which
we continuously extend our product range to in-
clude new trends. This is how we meet even the
highest demands and fulfil our own standards:
enabling the best teaching and education at
universities for a knowledge-based, independent,
and progressive society of tomorrow.
Together with our sales agency in Lüttich, which
is mainly responsible for the francophone regions
in North Africa, and more than 60 International
Sales Partners (ISP) that are authorised by PHYWE,
we can offer one-stop solutions with blanket
coverage, and all of this customised to your parti-
cular, individual needs.
Together we are strong: PHYWE is a partner of
Lucas-Nülle Lehr- und Messgeräte GmbH, a devel-
oper and manufacturer of technical teaching and
learning systems for vocational training.
Tradition and innovation – that is what PHYWE stands for at all times
Otto Hahn visits PHYWE (1966)
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 2 09.03.2009 10:06:45 Uhr
2 3
Scientific findings that the students work out
themselves during practical experiments are
memorised much longer and better than in the
usual case. This fact is reflected in our master
and bachelor courses - PHYWE’s programme for
universities. The experiment is always at the focus
of attention. Detailed equipment lists, precise
formulation of tasks and problems, accompany-
ing didactic literature, preparative tables, charts,
and illustrations as well as CDs with open PDF
files for free use within the experiment tasks in
turn all facilitate and support access to the res-
pective subjects and enhance the effectiveness of
education in the natural sciences. The literature
with a uniform look offers additional advanta-
ges, just as in the fact that PHYWE develops their
teaching materials and solution systems in close
co-operation with universities. As a result, the
master and bachelor courses provide universities
and other institutions of higher education with
exactly those system solutions and materials that
were developed in view of their specific needs.
With PHYWE, experiments are always at the focus of interest
Otto Hahn visits PHYWE (1966)
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 3 09.03.2009 10:07:05 Uhr
university
PHYWE’s master and bachelor courses offer a
total of 360 experiments in physics, chemistry,
biology, and in applied sciences, in turn enabling
students to experience the natural sciences.
Among these is the electrophysiology lab for
human physiology lab courses in medicine. Other
complex experiments are also rendered in a
clear and didactic manner – among these are
the Zeeman effect, Stern-Gerlach experiment,
Franck-Hertz experiment, and experiments with
X-rays. All in all, PHYWE’s master and bachelor
courses cover all of the essential experiments
in classical and modern physics, which can be
performed with our unique “Laboratory Ex-
periments” LEx system. However, apart from
fundamental experiments, PHYWE’s master and
bachelor courses also offers the opportunity to
benefit from ultra-modern computer assistance
throughout the experiments. Together with our
high-performance measure software, our uni-
versal Cobra3 interface can be used in numerous
applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and
applied sciences. Another advantage of PHYWE’s
master and bachelor courses: most of the units
can be used in numerous different experiments.
Our X-ray unit, for example, offers more than 40
potential experiments. This ensures well-structu-
red material packages and saves costs.
With the master and bachelor courses, PHYWE
offers extensive support for complex and sophis-
ticated education at universities.
Master and bachelor courses by PHYWE: for sophisticated education at universities
P
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4 5
Liven up your lectures and laboratory courses with our LEx programme
P Dr. Michael Mehlhorn Dr. Ludolf v. Alvensleben Dr. Thomas Meier Wolfgang KuhnleProduct Manager Physics Product Manager Physics Product Manager Chemistry Product Manager Biology
The LEx programme offers you an extensive
selection of classical and modern experiments in
physics, chemistry, biology, and applied scien-
ces. LEx stands for „Laboratory Experiments“. At
present, it covers more than 230 experiments of
the “Laboratory Experiments Physics” collection,
more than 80 experiments of the “Laboratory
Experiments Chemistry” collection, 50 experi-
ments of the „Laboratory Experiments Biology“
collection, and more than 100 experiments in
applied sciences.
Our university programme is for those laboratory
course supervisors who have to rely on long
lasting, safe experiments with a didactic back-
ground for their laboratory courses. Our program-
me covers most of the standard experiments for
laboratory courses in physics, physical chemistry,
human and plant physiology, biochemistry, and
neurophysiology, as well as experiments for
microscopy courses and applied sciences.
At the same time, it is also for those professors
and lecturers who teach the fundamental prin-
ciples of natural sciences through experiment-
based lectures.
Examples of these are the computer-assisted
experiments with PHYWE’s X-ray unit for lectures
concerning experimental solid-state physics. With
more than 40 documented experiments, physical
contexts can be conveyed in a convincing man-
ner. Their use in lectures as well as in labora-
tory courses helps students to understand and
memorise the principles and interrelations more
efficiently and permanently.
Another example is the range of experiments
with the Magnus gyroscope – one of PHYWE’s
classics – for conveying the gyroscope laws within
experimental physics lectures in a particularly
impressive way. An example taken from the field
of chemistry is the computer-assisted poten-
tiometric pH titration for lectures in analytical
chemistry or food chemistry, which can be used,
for example, to determine the phosphoric acid
content of soft drinks.
Another field is the range of experiments with
the neurobiology laboratory in biology, neurobio-
logy, and medicine for conveying the fundamen-
tal neurobiological principles of Alzheimer’s and
Parkinson’s disease, dementia, memory loss, and
pain.
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 5 09.03.2009 10:08:16 Uhr
university
User advantages of “measure”
n One software for all of the computer-assisted measurements and analyses
n Intuitive operation
n Easy import and export of data and graphs
n High-performance evaluation and representation tools
n Ready-to-use experiments can be selected from a list
of subjects
nExtensive help function
Physics:
n Mechanics
n Optics
n Thermodynamics
n Electricity
n Atomic physics
n Nuclear physics
n Solid-state physics
Chemistry:
n Kinetic theory
n Thermochemistry and calorimetry
n Chemical equilibrium
n Interfacial chemistry
n Reaction kinetics
n Electrochemistry
n Photometry and photochemistry
Biology:
n Human physiology
n Neurobiology
n Physics of X-rays for medical doctors
and biologists
n Biochemistry
n Plant physiology
n Ecology
Applied Sciences:
n Food chemistry
n Petrochemistry
n Renewable energy
n Biotechnology
n Neurobiology
n Materials science
n Laser physics
Franck-Hertz experiment with Hg
Law of the integral ratios of volumes
Measurements of the giant fibre of an intact earthworm
Laser-Doppler–Anemometry (LDA)
Extensive knowledge – the subjects covered by PHYWE
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 6 09.03.2009 10:08:35 Uhr
6 7
One system for EVERYTHING – Recording and analysing measurement data with our “measure” software
Most of the experiments use the universal, high-
performance measurement data recording system
Cobra3. The measure software is always used for
capturing the data - from the secondary school
level I up to the university level. Apart from the
representation and measurement features,
measure also offers an extensive collection of
tools for the analysis of data, the export and im-
port of the data of other applications, and much
more. In addition, measure offers particularly
easy access to the experiment. The computer-
assisted experiments can be selected from the list
of subjects. If desired, experiment descriptions,
measurement settings, and example measure-
ments can also be loaded.
If you need more information, please order our
Cobra3 brochure or visit our website:
www.phywe.com
For education in the natural sciences towards the
end of the basic courses, the computer-assisted
recording and analysis of measurement data
is becoming increasingly important. Numerous
phenomena cannot be conveyed or presented
without computer assistance. In addition, the
execution and evaluation of the experiments
are considerably simplified. Lectures are also
made easier, since the issues of complex or rapid
phenomena, such as in electricity or solid-state
physics, can be conveyed much more efficiently
and convincingly with the aid of computers.
One out of three experiments of PHYWE’s univer-
sity programme is computer-assisted. The central
platform for the recording and analysis of mea-
surement data is the measure software. Experi-
ments with corresponding units can be directly
connected to the computer such as, for example,
the X-ray unit, the multi-channel analyser, or the
Franck-Hertz operating unit.
User advantages of “measure”
n One software for all of the computer-assisted measurements and analyses
n Intuitive operation
n Easy import and export of data and graphs
n High-performance evaluation and representation tools
n Ready-to-use experiments can be selected from a list
of subjects
nExtensive help function
Fine structure of the α spectrum of 241Am with the multi-channel analyser Fine structure of the α spectrum of 241Am with the multi-channel analyser
Perform the measurement Evaluate the dataSimply load an experiment Perform the measurement Evaluate the dataSimply load an experimentSimply load an experimentSimply load an experiment
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 7 09.03.2009 10:08:51 Uhr
university
Most of the computer-assisted university experi-
ments are performed with our universal measu-
rement data recording system Cobra3.
Cobra3 offers four cascading basic units (UNITs)
and numerous plug-in measurement modules
and sensors. Combined with the power and
functionality of measure, Cobra3 can be ideally
adapted to the most versatile applications in
natural sciences and technology at universities.
The Cobra3 Basic UNIT with a maximum scanning
rate of 500 kHz (analog) or 4MHz (digital) and up
to four measurands, for example, enables the
tracking of extremely rapid signal courses. The
type of measurands can be selected from a wide
range of different measurement modules and
sensors. The Cobra3 CHEM UNIT with its range of
measurands (conductivity, pH/potential, 4x tem-
perature, digital input for drop counters/motor
piston burettes) offers everything that is required
for computer-assisted chemistry experiments.
The software module PowerGraph, which can
be connected to measure as a plug-in module,
enables the intuitive and quick configuration
of complex, cascading set-ups. PowerGraph has
a graphical user interface for the automatic
identification and intuitive configuration of the
hardware. In addition, reverse values (relations)
as well as XY graphs or calculated measurement
channels are possible.
Measurement data recording with Cobra3 – universal and powerful
Cascaded basic units (Cobra3 DISPLAY, BASIC, CHEM, and COM UNIT) with a selection of measurement modules/sensors
Intuitive configuration of complex, cascaded set-ups with PowerGraph
Measurement data recording with Cobra3 – the Stirling engine
User advantages of Cobra3:
Intuitive configuration of complex, cascaded set-ups with PowerGraphwith PowerGraph
nUniversal measurement interface for natural sciences and technology at universities
nWide range of different measurement modules/sensors
nUse of the advantages of “measure”
nEase of adaptation, compact design
nTracking of highly rapid signal courses (500 kHz analog or 4 MHz digital)
nCascading set-up, yet intuitive configuration (PowerGraph)
nCan also be used without a computer for laboratory courses and lectures
Cascaded basic units (Cobra3 DISPLAY, BASIC, CHEM, and COM UNIT) with a selection of measurement modules/sensors
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 8 09.03.2009 10:09:10 Uhr
8 9
With currently more than 350 experiments of
the LEx series, PHYWE offers an extensive range
of solution systems for scientific and technical
education in lectures and laboratory courses. The
state-of-the-art experiment literature, which is
specifically adapted to the needs of the respective
target groups, helps with the execution of the
experiments and includes:
n a list of specialist terms concerning the
experiment
n a photo showing the complete experiment
set-up
n a brief summary of the experiment method
n a list of tasks for your students
n a detailed equipment list
n a didactic summary of the theoretical back-
ground of the various experiments
n instructions concerning the execution of the
experiments, including all of the necessary
settings plus tips for obtaining excellent results
n a complete evaluation with literature
references
Experiment descriptions
Collection of experiments of the LEx series
You will obtain an optimum overview with our
experiment collections LEP, LEC, and LEB. There,
you will find experiments in physics, chemistry,
and biology, all grouped into individual subjects,
as well as brief, one-page descriptions of the
experiments.
We can already offer you more than 100 experi-
ments in applied sciences.
Experiment descriptions in physics, chemistry, and biology
We can already offer you more than 100 experi-We can already offer you more than 100 experi-We can already offer you more than 100 experi-
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 9 09.03.2009 10:09:56 Uhr
university
Mechanics
74 experiments concerning statics, dynamics,
mechanics of liquids and gases as well as
acoustics.
Example: triaxial gyroscope
Advantages:
n Triaxial gyroscope with ball bearings
n Easy and intuitive performance of the
gyroscope laws
n Additional weight for increasing and elimina-
ting the torque in contrarotation
You can find more under: LEP 1.3.19
Example: Wave phenomena with ultrasound
Advantages:
n Goniometer (stepper-motor-controlled) for
safe and intuitive operation
n All of the fundamental experiments concer-
ning the subject can be performed
n Computer-assisted measurement data recor-
ding already integrated
You can find more under: LEP 1.5.13-24
Laboratory Experiments Physics
In order to deepen the physical principals that are taught during the lectures, PHYWE offers an exten-
sive range of classic and modern laboratory experiments.
The „Laboratory Experiments Physics“ collection includes (nearly) all of the standard experiments that
you need for teaching your students in basic and advanced laboratory courses as well as in laboratory
courses for physics as a minor subject. We offer inspiring experiments in mechanics, optics, thermo-
dynamics, electricity, solid-state physics, atomic physics, and nuclear physics.
The Magnus gyroscope – one of PHYWE’s classics
Example: Wave phenomena with ultrasound
The Magnus gyroscope – one of PHYWE’s classics
Triaxial gyroscopeTriaxial gyroscope
Ultrasonic diffraction at a slit
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10 11
Optics
More than 70 experiments in geometrical optics,
interference, diffraction, photometry, polarisati-
on, and applied optics/laser optics.
Example: Advanced optics system for laboratory
courses
Advantages:
n Compact and clear two-dimensional set-up
n Safe use due to magnetic supports with
Teflon gliders
n Excellent results thanks to a vibration-dam-
pened base plate with a high level of inherent
stiffness
n More than 45 documented experiments in
wave optics, holography, interferometry,
Fourier optics, and applied optics
n Easily extendible
If you need more information, please order our
brochure “Advanced Optics”.
Example: CO2 laser
Advantages:
n Didactic laser
n Everything is clearly visible; no black box
n The composition of the gas can be changed
n Maximum power 5 W
You can find more under LEP 2.6.04
Recording and reconstruction of a hologram CO2 laser set-up
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university
Thermodynamics
24 experiments in the fields of thermal expansi-
on, ideal and real gases, calorimetry, phase tran-
sition, diffusion, and applied thermodynamics.
Example: Stirling engine
Advantages:
n Clear set-up
n Carnot cycle easily comprehensible
n Efficiency calculation
n The first and second law of thermodynamics
and their reversal can be measured
n Can be used with and without an interface
You can find more under: LEP 3.6.04
Electricity
38 experiments concerning the steady-state
current, electric field, magnetic field, electrody-
namics, and electromagnetic waves.
Example: Fundamental principles of electricity/
electronics
Advantages:
n Compact and clear set-up
n Universal measurement data recording system
with a function generator for measuring
highly rapid signal courses and frequency
dependencies
n High level of variability thanks to numerous
fundamental experiments concerning, for
example, the characteristics of components,
the inductance of coils, magnetic induction,
capacitors and coils in the AC circuit, the RLC
AC circuit, high-pass and low-pass filters, etc.
n Easy adaptation and extension for more com-
plex experiments
You can find more under: LEP 4.1.01 and the
following experiments.
the inductance of coils, magnetic induction,
capacitors and coils in the AC circuit, the RLC
AC circuit, high-pass and low-pass filters, etc.
n
plex experiments
You can find more under: LEP 4.1.01 and the
following experiments.
Stirling engine with Cobra3
Inductance of coils with Cobra3
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12 13
Solid-state, atomic, and nuclear physics
78 experiments in the following fields: physics
of the electron, radioactivity, sold-state physics,
atomic and nuclear physics, plasma physics, and
the physics of X-rays.
Example: Zeeman* effect
Advantages:
n Normal and abnormal Zeeman effect in
one set-up
n With an electromagnet or a permanent magnet
n Fabry-Pérot interferometer with high resolution
n Computer-assisted evaluation of the
interference phenomena
*(Pieter Zeeman, Nobel Prize in physics 1902)
You can find more under: LEP 5.1.10
Example: physics of X-rays
Advantages:
n Easy-to-use X-ray unit with a full protection
certificate
n 4 different quick-change tubes (Cu, Mo, Fe, W)
n More than 30 experiments
You can find more under: LEP 5.4.01-63
Example: Stern*-Gerlach experiment
Advantages:
n Fundamental experiment for explaining the
nature of quantum mechanics
n Sophisticated physics as a laboratory
experiment
n Computer-assisted execution and evaluation
of the experiment
*(Otto Stern, Nobel Prize in physics 1943)
You can find more under: LEP 5.1.11
We would be pleased if we could send you our
catalogue „Laboratory Experiments Physics“,
in which all of the experiments are concisely
presented.
Example: physics of X-rays
Proof of the Zeeman effect
Experiment with the X-ray unit
Stern-Gerlach experimentStern-Gerlach experimentStern-Gerlach experiment
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 13 09.03.2009 10:10:52 Uhr
university
The experiments cover the following fields:
Kinetic theory
12 experiments concerning the gas laws, the
determination of the molar mass in accordance
with the vapour density method, and viscosity.
Advantages:
n Clear set-up
n Absolutely mercury-free
n Quick execution
n The measurement of the state quantities with
an interface enables the quick and easy
graphical representation of the results
n Quick preparation
Laboratory Experiments Chemistry
In the education in chemistry, experiments should always be at the core of the lessons and courses,
either as demonstrations held by the lecturer or as experiments performed by the students themsel-
ves. With the „Laboratory Experiments“ series, PHYWE offers a collection of 82 experiments concer-
ning physical chemistry for universities and colleges, but also for the secondary school level II.
Thermochemistry/calorimetry
16 experiments concerning the heat capacity, re-
action enthalpies, boiling points, melting point,
and calorimetry.
Advantages:
n Clear set-up
n Electric calibration of the calorimeter system
n The measurement with an interface enables
the precise recording of the temperature curve
over time
Advantages:
and calorimetry.
Gas laws with the glass jacket system
Determination of the evaporation enthalpy of a liquid substance
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 14 09.03.2009 10:11:02 Uhr
14 15
Chemical equilibrium
15 experiments concerning phase, dissociation,
and solubility equilibriums, the vapour pressure
of mixtures, distillation, and gas chromatography.
Advantages:
n Compact and clear set-up
n All of the components are clearly visible
(no reflective coating)
n Maintenance-free thanks to the
mechanical column head
Interfacial phenomena
7 experiments concerning the surface tension,
adsorption, and electrokinetic potential.
Chemical kinetics
8 experiments concerning the kinetics of chemi-
cal reactions.
Advantages:
n Compact and clear set-up
n The measurement with an interface enables
the precise recording of the reaction over time
Electrochemistry
21 experiments in the following fields: conduc-
tivity, electrochemical potentials, pH measure-
ment, electrolysis, and electrochemical analysis
methods.
Advantages:
n Safe separation of the two half cells
n Precise temperature control
n Exact measurement results
Photometry/photochemistry
3 experiments concerning the interaction of light
and matter (spectra, pKa determination)
We would be pleased if we could send you our
catalogue “Laboratory Experiments Chemistry”,
in which all of the experiments are concisely
presented.
Determination of the theoretical plate number of a distillation columnDetermination of the theoretical plate number of a distillation column
Conductometric measurement of ester saponificationConductometric measurement of ester saponification
Temperature dependence of the electromotive force
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 15 09.03.2009 10:11:21 Uhr
university
Neurobiology laboratory
PHYWE‘s neurobiology laboratory enables the
didactic treatment of the fundamental neuro-
biological principles of highly topical subjects,
such as Alzheimer‘s and Parkinson‘s disease. 13
fundamental experiments concerning nerve cells
can be performed with the equipment set. The
neurobiological laboratory is also suitable as a
demonstration system, since the controls and
functional elements of the system are clearly vi-
sible from the auditorium and the measurement
results can be projected with a beamer.
Experiment subjects:
n Intracellular potential and action potential
n Membrane time constant the low-pass
filtering
n Excitatory synapse
n Hebb’s synapse
n Inhibitory synapse
n Veto synapse
Electrophysiology laboratory
The electrophysiology laboratory for physiological
laboratory courses for basic biology and medicine
courses at universities enables four experiment
set-ups: electrocardiography (ECG), electromy-
ography (EMG), electrooculography (EOG), and
muscle stretch reflex. All of these set-ups use
the same measurement data recording system.
Therefore, students do not need to familiarise
themselves with other data capture tools and
can instead focus on the execution of the ex-
periments. There is a wide range of interesting
applications, e.g. the signal transmission rate in
nerve cells, the reading speed, reaction time, or
a fitness comparison of trained and untrained
persons.
User advantages:
n Complete didactic solution of four medical
standard methods
n Didactics of methods that are used for diag-
nosing diseases (cardiovascular and circulatory
system, nervous system)
n Numerous interesting applications
n Suitable as a demonstration system and as a
system for laboratory experiments
Laboratory Experiments Biology
For the education in medicine, human physiology, plant physiology, and biochemistry, PHYWE offers a
uniform measurement data recording system, which is so flexible that a great variety of experiments
can be performed. PHYWE also supplies didactic experiment literature for all of these experiments.
The electrophysiology laboratory for physiological
laboratory courses for basic biology and medicine
PHYWE‘s neurobiology laboratory enables the
didactic treatment of the fundamental neuro-
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16 17
Other subjects are:
n Interaction between nerve cells, sensory cells,
and motor cells
n Neural networks
n Complex neural networks
These subjects are possible if one to three additi-
onal nerve cells are added to the equipment set.
A total of 31 experiments can be performed, such
as experiments on action potentials, synapses,
conditioned reflexes, neuronal oscillators (body
clock), and short-term memory.
As a complement to the neurophysiology labora-
tory, the following experiments are helpful:
n As an entry-level experiment in neurophysio-
logy: model experiment concerning the mea-
surement of the membrane potential of a
nerve cell (P4010450),
n Neurophysiological experiments with labora-
tory animals (intact earthworms): various
measurements of the median and lateral giant
fibre in the ventral nerve cord
n Recording of nerve potentials following an
electrical stimulation: effect of an anaesthetic,
different conduction velocities of giant fibres,
and the assessment of the refractory phase
Physics of X-rays for medical doctors and biologists
The following laboratory experiments for medi-
cine and biology courses at universities can be
performed with our didactic X-ray unit:
nX-ray dosimetry
nContrast medium
nX-ray photography
nAbsorption of X-rays
nX-ray structural analysis
Biochemistry and plant physiology laboratory
The following experiments can be performed
with the experiment system: photosynthesis,
transpiration of leaves, glycolysis, ion permeabi-
lity of the cell membrane, determination of the
Michaelis constant, substrate inhibition of enzy-
mes, enzyme inhibition, and the enzyme activity
of catalase.
We would be pleased if we could send you our
catalogue „Laboratory Experiments Biology“,
in which all of the experiments are concisely
presented.
The following laboratory experiments for medi-
cine and biology courses at universities can be
Experiment set-up “transpiration of leaves”
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 17 09.03.2009 10:11:47 Uhr
university
Applied sciences at PHYWE
In physics, biology, and chemistry, PHYWE already
offers a wide range of teaching subjects with high-
quality solution systems and course materials,
but PHYWE‘s range of products also covers a lot in
the field of applied sciences: approximately 100
experiments and product packages from the lower
school level up to laboratory courses at universi-
ties. We also offer customised solutions that are
specifically adapted to the needs of our customers.
The following subject areas are already covered by
our product range:
n Food chemistry/polymer chemistry/
petrochemistry
n Renewable energy
n Environmental technology/supply of drinking
water
n Biotechnology/neurobiology
n Materials science
n Applied optics
Food chemistry
The field of nutrition and digestion is perfect
for including experiments with a direct rela-
tion to our everyday life into the education of
students.
The practical identification of nutriments is
not only important for the vocational and
professional education; it also underlines the
rules for healthy nutrition in an impressive
manner.
Because of the ever-increasing consumption
of ready-made meals and “fast food”, experi-
ments concerning the industrial food produc-
tion and processing play an important role.
The manual “Food Chemistry” includes 41 easy
experiments concerning the basic ingredients
of food:
n Proteins: 10 experiments concerning the iden-
tification, characteristics, and use of proteins
n Fats and fat-accompanying substances:
9 experiments concerning the production,
characterisation, and properties of fats
n Carbohydrates: 9 experiments concerning the
production, characteristics, and properties of
carbohydrates
Rediscovering applied sciences Natural sciences in everyday life
The distinction of science in the classic fields of physics, chemistry, and biology is increasingly becoming
blurred and there is a strong trend towards interdisciplinary and application-oriented learning, which
is surely due to the fact that our environment is rapidly changing. Answers to the questions and global
challenges of our “new” everyday life are increasingly difficult to find with the concepts of classic natural
sciences alone. This trend can also be observed at universities. There are numerous new disciplines
covering attractive new subjects. For teaching and research, this new area is an opportunity and a challenge
alike. The gaps between the great specialisations in physics, chemistry, biology, and the required new
interdisciplinary subject areas must be closed.
Renewable energy – one of many subjects in applied sciences
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18 19
n Stimulants and flavourings: 8 experiments
concerning the identification and preparation
of alcohol, fruit acids, quinine, etc.
n Vitamins: 5 experiments concerning the
identification of vitamins
Biotechnology
Biotechnological production methods play an
important economic role in the pharmaceutical,
chemical, and foodstuff industries. Production
takes place in bioreactors, in which the mixing
processes, gas injection, pH, temperature, and
other parameters can be controlled with a high
level of precision.
PHYWE offers a complete small-scale teaching
and learning system for didactic purposes with
which the following, well-documented experi-
ments can be performed:
n Fermentation of molasses into ethanol with
the aid of yeast
n Microbial synthesis of ethanol by Zymomonas
n Preparation of amino acids through the
fermentation of Crynebacterium glutamicum
n Bacteria used in mining - microbial ore
leaching by Thiobacillus
n Immobilised cells used in biotechnology –
microbial synthesis of acetic acid by
Acetobacter aceti
The two bioreactors – one airlift reactor and one
stirred-tank reactor – are so flexible that other
biotechnical methods can also be applied.
The system can also be used for demonstration
purposes, since the experiments can be set up on
a vertical plate for complete experiments so that
all of the components are clearly visible from the
auditorium.
Materials science
Energy-resolved spectra can be recorded with
a combination of an X-ray energy detector, a
multi-channel analyser, and an X-ray unit. As a
result, experiments concerning X-ray fluorescence
analysis can be demonstrated easily or perfor-
med as a laboratory experiment. The method is
applied for the non-destructive characterisation
of metals, alloys, and superconductors such as in
this example of an X-ray fluorescence analysis of
a YBaCu0 superconductor.
Further information concerning the field of
applied sciences can be found in our brochure
“Applied Sciences”, which you can order.
Spectroscopy of a YbaCu0 superconductor with the X-ray energy detector
Quantitative fat determination in foodstuffs through multiple extractions
Microbial synthesis of acetic acid with the aid of Acetobacter aceti
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university
Diffusion cloud chamber by PHYWE
The diffusion cloud chamber by PHYWE is one
of the oldest, modern particle detectors. It
is particularly suitable for observing natural
background radiation, i.e. the type of radiati-
on that surrounds us every day. There are two
types of natural radiation: cosmic radiation and
the natural radioactivity of the earth. Whether
it is α-particles, β-particles, protons, muons,
electrons, or positrons – all types of electrically
charged particles can be observed.
Inside the cloud chamber, there is a zone of
oversaturated alcohol vapour with a layer thick-
ness of approximately 1 cm. If an ionising partic-
le passes through this layer, it produces a cloud
track. The shape of this track provides informati-
on concerning the type of particle and its kinetic
energy. „Large“ α-particles produce a short, wide
track, low-energy β-particles change their direc-
tion when they collide with an alcohol molecule,
and high-energy muons produce a straight track.
The electron-position pair generation - though
very rare - is always a highlight. Between 100
and 500 cloud tracks are always visible, but they
disappear due to condensation at the cooled
base plate. The spectacle that repeats over and
over again fascinates every observer.
Product highlights made by PHYWE – True masterpieces
Enter the world of cosmic and terrestrial radiation with our diffusion cloud chamber. As an object illustrating the subject of radioactivity, the diffusion cloud chamber is used at universities and schools, but it also attracts visitors in museum, science centres, and even at art exhibitions, such as the world‘s largest art exhibition, Documenta.
Diffusion cloud chamber by PHWEDiffusion cloud chamber by PHWE
With their unique products, PHYWE has demonstrated their excellence in developing and manu-
facturing teaching materials for natural sciences. One example is our diffusion cloud chamber that
makes natural background radiation visible in a fascinating manner. Students and everybody who is
interested in natural sciences can observe a phenomenon, which is normally invisible.
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20 21
Distillation system
The distillation system can be used to demonst-
rate and understand the fundamental principles
of counter-current distillation (phase equilibrium
of multicomponent systems) or for the preparati-
ve separation of hardly separable compounds.
The system comes supplied with evacuated, un-
coated insulating jackets. Since the components
have no reflective coating, the inside of the
system is clearly visible during the distillation,
which makes the system particularly suitable for
teaching purposes.
The combination of two large packed columns
enables a higher separating capacity (high theo-
retical plate number).
The adaptors between the columns enable the
withdrawal of substance samples, which can
then be easily separated by gas chromatography.
The column head with the attached intensive
cooler is used for the manual adjustment of
the reflux ratio of distillation columns, i.e. the
separation of the condensate into reflux and
outflow. It is suitable for operation under normal
pressure.References
Our German-speaking customers at research insti-
tutions and universities include:
n Georg August University Göttingen
n LMU Munich
n University of Potsdam
n University of Bielefeld
n ETH Zurich
n TU Berlin
n DESY Hamburg
n RWTH Aachen
n Humboldt University Berlin
n University of Konstanz
Set-up of the distillation column (height: 2.30 m)
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university
Education in the natural sciences begins in a lec-
ture hall, but our service starts a long way before
all that. Our extensive and perfected customer
care programme is based on the three columns
Campus, Pre-Sales, and After-Sales. Campus is a
training and education programme that provides
our end users, sales partners, and employees
with the opportunity to always be up-to-date
in terms of the scientific and technical deve-
lopments at PHYWE. Whether it is online, at the
customer’s site, or in-house at PHYWE in Göttin-
gen: our Campus is always there for you.
The Pre-Sales area includes – among other things
– the scientific contributions of PHYWE at spe-
cialised conferences, product and system de-
monstrations, and seminars, but also consulting
Excellent products, consulting, and service PHYWE provides assistance and brings people together
and support in the definition of projects and the
selection of the optimal solutions and systems for
your specific needs. We ensure that you make the
right decisions, and that you receive and use the
best cost-performance ratio. Please do not hes-
itate to ask us! With our After-Sales programme,
we ensure that you can use your PHYWE product
efficiently for a long time. This is indeed reliable
protection for your investment. We are there for
you if you have queries concerning the respective
installation or utilisation, but also for the supply
of spare parts or in the event of warranty claims
and repairs. Our technical hotline supports you.
Customer Services
Pre-SalesSupport
After-SalesTechnical Support
CampusTrainings
In-house On-siteTechnical Hotline
RepairConference Consulting
PHYWE headquarters in Göttingen, Germany
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22 23
PHYWE headquarters in Göttingen, GermanyPHYWE headquarters in Göttingen, Germany
First-class service by PHYWE Consultation required? Or you can order directly under:
Contacts
Germany P. +49 (0) 551 604-130 [email protected]
Africa P. +49 (0) 551 604-188 [email protected]
Eastern Europe P. +49 (0) 551 604-137 [email protected]
Africa (francophone), France P. +32 (0) 436 162-30 [email protected]
America, Spain, Portugal P. +49 (0) 551 604-119 [email protected]
Asia-Pacific P. +49 (0) 551 604-245 [email protected]
Near and Middle East P. +49 (0) 551 604-222 [email protected]
Western Europe P. +49 (0) 551 604-231 [email protected]
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KGRobert-Bosch-Breite 10D-37079 GöttingenGermany
Sales Agency LiegeGrand Route 79B-4610 Beyne-HeusayLiège/Belgique
RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 23 09.03.2009 10:12:58 Uhr
MF 24
Grand´Route 79 B-4610 Beyne-Heusay
T. +32 (0) 436 162 - 30 F. +32 (0) 436 162 - 48 + 49
[email protected] www.phywe.com
PHYWE Systeme GmbH & Co. KG Robert-Bosch-Breite 10 D-37079 Göttingen
T. +49 (0) 551 604 - 0 F. +49 (0) 551 604 - 107
[email protected] www.phywe.com
excellence in science
Our sales partners:
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RZ 24-Seiter Hochschule UK.indd 24 09.03.2009 10:12:59 Uhr